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Engel DR, Wagenlehner FME, Shevchuk O. Scientific Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection in the Past 10 Years. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2024; 38:229-240. [PMID: 38575493 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common disease that is accompanied by various complications in the affected person. UTI triggers diverse inflammatory reactions locally in the infected urinary bladder and kidney, causing tissue destruction and organ failure. Moreover, systemic responses in the entire body carry the risk of urosepsis with far-reaching consequences. Understanding the cell-, organ-, and systemic mechanisms in UTI are crucial for prevention, early intervention, and current therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the scientific advances over the last 10 years concerning pathogenesis, prevention, rapid diagnosis, and new treatment approaches. We also highlight the impact of the immune system and potential new therapies to reduce progressive and recurrent UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Engel
- Department of Immunodynamics, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Florian M E Wagenlehner
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Rudolf-Buchheim Straße 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Olga Shevchuk
- Department of Immunodynamics, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Vera-Mansilla J, Silva-Valenzuela CA, Sánchez P, Molina-Quiroz RC. Bacteriophages potentiate the effect of antibiotics by eradication of persister cells and killing of biofilm-forming cells. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104083. [PMID: 37257734 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Persister cells and biofilms are associated with chronic urinary infections which are more critical when generated by multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this context, joint administration of phages and antibiotics has been proposed as an alternative approach, since it may decrease the probability to generate resistant mutants to both agents. In this work, we exposed cultures of uropathogenic Escherichia coli conjunctly to antibiotics and phages. We determined that MLP2 combined with antibiotics eradicates persister cells. Similarly, MLP1 and MLP3 impact viability of biofilm-forming cells when administered with ampicillin. Our findings suggest a feasible prophylactic and therapeutic use of these non-transducing phages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto C Molina-Quiroz
- Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance (Levy CIMAR), Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Usman SS, Uba AI, Christina E. Bacteriophage genome engineering for phage therapy to combat bacterial antimicrobial resistance as an alternative to antibiotics. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7055-7067. [PMID: 37392288 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that mainly infect bacteria and are ubiquitously distributed in nature, especially to their host. Phage engineering involves nucleic acids manipulation of phage genome for antimicrobial activity directed against pathogens through the applications of molecular biology techniques such as synthetic biology methods, homologous recombination, CRISPY-BRED and CRISPY-BRIP recombineering, rebooting phage-based engineering, and targeted nucleases including CRISPR/Cas9, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Management of bacteria is widely achieved using antibiotics whose mechanism of action has been shown to target both the genetic dogma and the metabolism of pathogens. However, the overuse of antibiotics has caused the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria which account for nearly 5 million deaths as of 2019 thereby posing threats to the public health sector, particularly by 2050. Lytic phages have drawn attention as a strong alternative to antibiotics owing to the promising efficacy and safety of phage therapy in various models in vivo and human studies. Therefore, harnessing phage genome engineering methods, particularly CRISPR/Cas9 to overcome the limitations such as phage narrow host range, phage resistance or any potential eukaryotic immune response for phage-based enzymes/proteins therapy may designate phage therapy as a strong alternative to antibiotics for combatting bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, the current trends and progress in phage genome engineering techniques and phage therapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Sharif Usman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, 144401, Punjab, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, 34537, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Evangeline Christina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, 144401, Punjab, India.
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Padmesh S, Singh A, Chopra S, Sen M, Habib S, Shrivastava D, Johri P. Isolation and characterization of novel lytic bacteriophages that infect multi drug resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28081-z. [PMID: 37347328 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) are frequent cause of urinary tract infections including catheter-associated, soft tissue infections and sepsis. The growing antibiotic resistance in E. coli is a major health concern. Bacteriophages are specific for their bacterial host, thus providing a novel and effective alternatives. This study focuses on isolation of bacteriophages from urban sewage treatment plants. Initially 50 different bacteriophages have been isolated against non-resistant reference E. coli strain and fifty multidrug resistant clinical isolates of extraintestinal infections. Out of which only thirty-one lytic phages which gave clear plaques were further analysed for different physico-chemical aspects such as thermal inactivation, pH, effect of organic solvents and detergents. Two bacteriophages, ASEC2201 and ASEC2202, were selected for their ability to withstand temperature fluctuation from -20 to 62 °C and a pH range from 4 to 10. They also showed good survival (40-94%) in the presence of organic solvents like ethanol, acetone, DMSO and chloroform or ability to form plaques even after the treatment with detergents like SDS, CTAB and sarkosyl. Both efficiently killed reference strain and 40-44% of multidrug resistant clinical isolates of E. coli. Later ASEC2201 and ASEC2202 were subjected to morphological characterisation through transmission electron microscopy, which revealed them to be tailed phages. The genomic analysis confirmed them to be Escherichia phages which belonged to family Drexlerviridae of Caudovirales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Padmesh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Aditi Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226028, India.
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manodeep Sen
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Saman Habib
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Parul Johri
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Handicapped, Kanpur, 208024, India
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Expansion of Kuravirus-like Phage Sequences within the Past Decade, including Escherichia Phage YF01 from Japan, Prompt the Creation of Three New Genera. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020506. [PMID: 36851720 PMCID: PMC9965538 DOI: 10.3390/v15020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are currently receiving significant attention amid an ever-growing global antibiotic resistance crisis. In tandem, a surge in the availability and affordability of next-generation and third-generation sequencing technologies has driven the deposition of a wealth of phage sequence data. Here, we have isolated a novel Escherichia phage, YF01, from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Yokohama, Japan. We demonstrate that the YF01 phage shares a high similarity to a collection of thirty-five Escherichia and Shigella phages found in public databases, six of which have been previously classified into the Kuravirus genus by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Using modern phylogenetic approaches, we demonstrate that an expansion and reshaping of the current six-membered Kuravirus genus is required to accommodate all thirty-six member phages. Ultimately, we propose the creation of three additional genera, Vellorevirus, Jinjuvirus, and Yesanvirus, which will allow a more organized approach to the addition of future Kuravirus-like phages.
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Alexyuk P, Bogoyavlenskiy A, Alexyuk M, Akanova K, Moldakhanov Y, Berezin V. Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Active against Clinical Strains of E. coli and Development of a Phage Antimicrobial Cocktail. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112381. [PMID: 36366479 PMCID: PMC9697832 DOI: 10.3390/v14112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic E. coli cause urinary tract, soft tissue and central nervous system infections, sepsis, etc. Lytic bacteriophages can be used to combat such infections. We investigated six lytic E. coli bacteriophages isolated from wastewater. Transmission electron microscopy and whole genome sequencing showed that the isolated bacteriophages are tailed phages of the Caudoviricetes class. One-step growth curves revealed that their latent period of reproduction is 20-30 min, and the average value of the burst size is 117-155. During co-cultivation with various E. coli strains, the phages completely suppressed bacterial host culture growth within the first 4 h at MOIs 10-7 to 10-3. The host range lysed by each bacteriophage varied from six to two bacterial strains out of nine used in the study. The cocktail formed from the isolated bacteriophages possessed the ability to completely suppress the growth of all the E. coli strains used in the study within 6 h and maintain its lytic activity for 8 months of storage. All the isolated bacteriophages may be useful in fighting pathogenic E. coli strains and in the development of phage cocktails with a long storage period and high efficiency in the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Abdulhussein AA, O. Abdulsattar B. Isolation and characterization of two novel phages as a possible therapeutic alternative against multi-drug resistant E. coli. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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