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Mora-Gamboa MPC, Ferrucho-Calle MC, Ardila-Leal LD, Rojas-Ojeda LM, Galindo JF, Poutou-Piñales RA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE. Statistical Improvement of rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B Laccases Activity Assay Conditions Supported by Molecular Dynamics. Molecules 2023; 28:7263. [PMID: 37959683 PMCID: PMC10648076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are glycoproteins widely distributed in nature. Their structural conformation includes three copper sites in their catalytic center, which are responsible for facilitating substrate oxidation, leading to the generation of H2O instead of H2O2. The measurement of laccase activity (UL-1) results may vary depending on the type of laccase, buffer, redox mediators, and substrates employed. The aim was to select the best conditions for rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B laccases activity assay. After sequential statistical assays, the molecular dynamics proved to support this process, and we aimed to accumulate valuable insights into the potential application of these enzymes for the degradation of novel substrates with negative environmental implications. Citrate buffer treatment T2 (CB T2) (pH 3.0 ± 0.2; λ420nm, 2 mM ABTS) had the most favorable results, with 7.315 ± 0.131 UL-1 for rGILCC 1 and 5291.665 ± 45.83 UL-1 for rPOXA 1B. The use of citrate buffer increased the enzyme affinity for ABTS since lower Km values occurred for both enzymes (1.49 × 10-2 mM for rGILCC 1 and 3.72 × 10-2 mM for rPOXA 1B) compared to those obtained in acetate buffer (5.36 × 10-2 mM for rGILCC 1 and 1.72 mM for rPOXA 1B). The molecular dynamics of GILCC 1-ABTS and POXA 1B-ABTS showed stable behavior, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values not exceeding 2.0 Å. Enzyme activities (rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B) and 3D model-ABTS interactions (GILCC 1-ABTS and POXA 1B-ABTS) were under the strong influence of pH, wavelength, ions, and ABTS concentration, supported by computational studies identifying the stabilizing residues and interactions. Integration of the experimental and computational approaches yielded a comprehensive understanding of enzyme-substrate interactions, offering potential applications in environmental substrate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P. C. Mora-Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - María C. Ferrucho-Calle
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - Leidy D. Ardila-Leal
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Grupo de Investigación en Asuntos Ambientales y Desarrollo Sostenible (MINDALA), Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Ambiente, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocaña 546552, Colombia
| | - Lina M. Rojas-Ojeda
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Johan F. Galindo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Suelos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Balkys E. Quevedo-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
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Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third most plentiful biopolymer after other lignocellulosic derivates such as cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin carries abundant potential as a substitute for petroleum-based products. However, the efficient, practical, value-added product valorization of lignin remains quite challenging. Although several studies have reviewed the valorization of lignin by microorganisms, this present review covers recent studies on the valorization of lignin by employing yeast to obtain products such as single-cell oils (SCOs), enzymes, and other chemical compounds. The use of yeasts has been found to be suitable for the biological conversion of lignin and might provide new insights for future research to develop a yeast strain for lignin to produce other valuable chemical compounds.
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3
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Backes E, Kato CG, da Silva TBV, Uber TM, Pasquarelli DL, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Production of fungal laccase on pineapple waste and application in detoxification of malachite green. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:90-101. [PMID: 35103576 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2025739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work was to use pineapple crowns as substrate for optimizing laccase production by Trametes versicolor in lab-scale experiments. One-factor-at-the-time analysis and response surface methodology were used to optimize production. A single laccase with molecular weight of 45 kDa was the main protein produced. A maximal laccase activity of 60.73 ± 1.01 U/g was obtained in 7-day cultures, representing a 6.7-fold increase compared to non-optimized conditions. The optimized conditions were temperature: 28 °C; initial moisture: 90%; glucose: 8.38%; yeast extract: 2.86%. Combining activity and stability, the best conditions for using this laccase during the long periods required by large-scale processes are pH 4.0-5.0 and temperature of 40-50 °C. Under these conditions, the crude laccase was efficient in detoxifying the dye malachite green with a KM of 14.33 ± 1.94 µM and a Vmax of 0.482 ± 0.029 µM/min with 0.1 units/mL. It can be concluded that pineapple crown leaves can be effectively used as substrate by T. versicolor for producing laccase under solid-state culture conditions. Laccase is an industrially relevant enzyme and its production with concomitant valorization of pineapple crowns as substrate offers highly interesting perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanueli Backes
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila G Kato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Tamires B V da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Thaís M Uber
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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4
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Li Q, Chai C, Zhao L. Biodegradation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals with Laccase Isozymes from Recombinant Pichia pastori. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Ergün BG, Berrios J, Binay B, Fickers P. Recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris: From transcriptionally redesigned strains to bioprocess optimization and metabolic modelling. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6424904. [PMID: 34755853 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is one of the most widely used host for the production of recombinant proteins. Expression systems that rely mostly on promoters from genes encoding alcohol oxidase 1 or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase have been developed together with related bioreactor operation strategies based on carbon sources such as methanol, glycerol, or glucose. Although, these processes are relatively efficient and easy to use, there have been notable improvements over the last twenty years to better control gene expression from these promoters and their engineered variants. Methanol-free and more efficient protein production platforms have been developed by engineering promoters and transcription factors. The production window of P. pastoris has been also extended by using alternative feedstocks including ethanol, lactic acid, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose, xylose, gluconate, formate, or rhamnose. Herein, the specific aspects that are emerging as key parameters for recombinant protein synthesis are discussed. For this purpose, a holistic approach has been considered to scrutinize protein production processes from strain design to bioprocess optimization, particularly focusing on promoter engineering, transcriptional circuitry redesign. This review also considers the optimization of bioprocess based on alternative carbon sources and derived co-feeding strategies. Optimization strategies for recombinant protein synthesis through metabolic modelling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gündüz Ergün
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Julio Berrios
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Barış Binay
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Patrick Fickers
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
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Wiśniewska KM, Twarda-Clapa A, Białkowska AM. Novel Cold-Adapted Recombinant Laccase KbLcc1 from Kabatiella bupleuri G3 IBMiP as a Green Catalyst in Biotransformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9593. [PMID: 34502503 PMCID: PMC8431773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-adapted enzymes are useful tools in the organic syntheses conducted in mixed aqueous-organic or non-aqueous solvents due to their molecular flexibility that stabilizes the proteins in low water activity environments. A novel psychrophilic laccase gene from Kabatiella bupleuri, G3 IBMiP, was spliced by Overlap-Extension PCR (OE-PCR) and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Purified recombinant KbLcc1 laccase has an optimal temperature of 30 °C and pH of 3.5, 5.5, 6.0, and 7.0 in the reaction with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol, sinapic acid, and syringaldazine, respectively. Moreover, laccase KbLcc1 is highly thermolabile, as it loses 40% of activity after 30 min at 40 °C and is inactivated at 50 °C after the same period of incubation. The new enzyme remained active with 1 mM of Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ and with 2 mM of Co2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, but Fe2+ greatly inhibited the laccase activity. Moreover, 1% ethanol had no impact on KbLcc1, although acetone and ethyl acetate decreased the laccase activity. The presence of hexane (40%, v/v) caused a 58% increase in activity. Laccase KbLcc1 could be applied in the decolorization of synthetic dyes and in the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin. After 5 days of reaction at 20 °C, pH 3.5, with 1 mM ABTS as a mediator, the vanillin concentration was 21.9 mg/L and the molar yield of transformation reached 14.39%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aneta M. Białkowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (K.M.W.); (A.T.-C.)
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8
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Recombinant Laccase Production Optimization in Pichia pastoris by Response Surface Methodology and Its Application in the Biodegradation of Octyl Phenol and 4-Tert-Octylphenol. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Jiang YP, Cai JL, Pei JJ, Li Q, Zhao LG. Cloning, Overexpression, and Characterization of a Thermostable, Organic Solvent-Tolerant Laccase from Bacillus pumilus ARA and Its Application to Dye Decolorization. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9741-9749. [PMID: 33869954 PMCID: PMC8047651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant bacterial laccase from Bacillus pumilus ARA has been expressed heterologously and characterized, which shows potential decolorization capacity to various types of industrial synthetic dyes. The optimal temperature and pH were 85 °C and 3.5, respectively, while the purified recombinant laccase B.P.Lacc was stable under 55-75 °C and pH 5.0-8.0 conditions. The apparent kinetic parameters K m and V max of B.P.Lacc for ABTS as the substrate were 0.33 mM and 32.4 U/mg, respectively. Ethanol (1%, v/v) and methanol (2%, v/v) could stimulate the enzyme activity. The recombinant laccase retained over 95% of its initial activity in 10% (v/v) methanol. The optimal expression conditions for the laccase production of B.P.Lacc in LB medium were obtained: induction temperature of 25 °C, 0.4 mM Cu2+, and 1.0 mM IPTG added into the culture. After 5 h, the final laccase production was 1283 U/mL. Moreover, the laccase activity increased to 4822 U/mL after follow-up 2 h stationary cultivation, with about a 3.76-fold increase. The purified B.P.Lacc was able to efficiently decolorize synthetic dyes combined with mediators. Adding 1.0 mM ABTS, more than 90% of BRRB was decolorized by the enzyme, whether at pH 4.0 or pH 7.9. The outstanding enzymatic properties suggested that B.P.Lacc may be suitable for a wide application in future biodegradation fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-peng Jiang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry
University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-li Cai
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry
University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-jun Pei
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry
University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry
University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-guo Zhao
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry
University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Yaguchi A, Franaszek N, O'Neill K, Lee S, Sitepu I, Boundy-Mills K, Blenner M. Identification of oleaginous yeasts that metabolize aromatic compounds. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:801-813. [PMID: 32221720 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of lignin is critical for the economic viability of the bioeconomy. Microbial metabolism is advantageous for handling the myriad of aromatic compounds resulting from lignin chemical or enzymatic depolymerization. Coupling aromatic metabolism to fatty acid biosynthesis makes possible the production of biofuels, oleochemicals, and other fine/bulk chemicals derived from lignin. Our previous work identified Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus as a yeast that could accumulate nearly 70% of its dry cell weight as lipids using aromatics as a sole carbon source. Expanding on this, other oleaginous yeast species were investigated for the metabolism of lignin-relevant monoaromatics. Thirty-six oleaginous yeast species from the Phaff yeast collection were screened for growth on several aromatic compounds representing S-, G-, and H- type lignin. The analysis reported in this study suggests that aromatic metabolism is largely segregated to the Cutaenotrichosporon, Trichosporon, and Rhodotorula clades. Each species tested within each clade has different properties with respect to the aromatics metabolized and the concentrations of aromatics tolerated. The combined analysis suggests that Cutaneotrichosporon yeast are the best suited to broad spectrum aromatic metabolism and support its development as a model system for aromatic metabolism in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Yaguchi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Nicole Franaszek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Kaelyn O'Neill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Irnayuli Sitepu
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark Blenner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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11
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Abstract
There is a high number of well characterized, commercially available laccases with different redox potentials and low substrate specificity, which in turn makes them attractive for a vast array of biotechnological applications. Laccases operate as batteries, storing electrons from individual substrate oxidation reactions to reduce molecular oxygen, releasing water as the only by-product. Due to society’s increasing environmental awareness and the global intensification of bio-based economies, the biotechnological industry is also expanding. Enzymes such as laccases are seen as a better alternative for use in the wood, paper, textile, and food industries, and they are being applied as biocatalysts, biosensors, and biofuel cells. Almost 140 years from the first description of laccase, industrial implementations of these enzymes still remain scarce in comparison to their potential, which is mostly due to high production costs and the limited control of the enzymatic reaction side product(s). This review summarizes the laccase applications in the last decade, focusing on the published patents during this period.
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12
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Ardila-Leal LD, Albarracín-Pardo DA, Rivera-Hoyos CM, Morales-Álvarez ED, Poutou-Piñales RA, Cardozo-Bernal AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Díaz-Rincón DJ, Rodríguez-López A, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Cuervo-Patiño CL. Media improvement for 10 L bioreactor production of rPOXA 1B laccase by P. pastoris. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:447. [PMID: 31763125 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we statistically improved culture media for rPOXA 1B laccase production, expressed in Pichia pastoris containing pGAPZαA-LaccPost-Stop construct and assayed at 10 L bioreactor production scale (6 L effective work volume). The concentrated enzyme was evaluated for temperature and pH stability and kinetic parameter, characterized by monitoring oxidation of different ABTS [2, 20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] substrate concentrations. Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED) implementation improved previous work results by 3.05-fold, obtaining a laccase activity of 1373.72 ± 0.37 U L-1 at 168 h of culture in a 500 mL shake flask. In contrast, one factor experimental design (OFED) applied after PBED improved by threefold the previous study, additionally increasing the C/N ratio. Employing OFED media at 10 L bioreactor scale was capable of producing 3159.93 ± 498.90 U L-1 at 192 h, representing a 2.4-fold increase. rPOXA 1B concentrate remained stable between 10 and 50 °C and retained over 70% residual enzymatic activity at 60 °C and 50% at 70 °C. Concerning pH stability, the enzyme was stable at pH 4.0 ± 0.2 with a residual activity greater than 90%. The lowest residual activity (60%) was obtained at pH 10.0 ± 0.2. Furthermore, the apparent kinetic parameters were V max of 3.163 × 10-2 mM min-1 and K m of 1.716 mM. Collectively, regarding enzyme stability our data provide possibilities for applications involving a wide range of pH and temperatures.
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13
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Conacher CG, García-Aparicio MP, Coetzee G, van Zyl WH, Gӧrgens JF. Scalable methanol-free production of recombinant glucuronoyl esterase in Pichia pastoris. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:596. [PMID: 31533815 PMCID: PMC6751620 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucuronoyl esterase (GE) is an emerging enzyme that improves fractionation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes. However, the commercial availability of GE is limited, which hinders the research of GE-based bioprocesses for its industrial application in lignocellulose biorefineries. This study evaluated a workable, cost-effective, and commercially scalable production strategy to improve the ease of GE-based research. This strategy consisted of a constitutive and methanol-free enzyme production step coupled with a two-step filtration process. The aim was to determine if this strategy can yield copious amounts of GE, by secretion into the extracellular medium with an acceptable purity that could allow its direct application. This approach was further validated for cellobiose dehydrogenase, another emerging lignocellulose degrading enzyme which is scarcely available at high cost. RESULTS The secreted recombinant enzymes were functionally produced in excess of levels previously reported for constitutive production (1489-2780 mg L-1), and were secreted at moderate to high percentages of the total extracellular protein (51-94%). The constant glycerol feed, implemented during fed-batch fermentation, lead to a decline in growth rate and plateaued productivity. Tangential flow ultrafiltration was used to concentrate cell-free enzyme extracts 5-6-fold, reaching enzyme activity levels (1020-202 U L-1) that could allow their direct application.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Conacher
- Departments of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - M P García-Aparicio
- Departments of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa. .,Departments of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - G Coetzee
- Departments of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - W H van Zyl
- Departments of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - J F Gӧrgens
- Departments of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Rai R, Bibra M, Chadha BS, Sani RK. Enhanced hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with doping of a highly thermostable recombinant laccase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:232-237. [PMID: 31260768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A highly thermostable laccase from Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1 was cloned into Escherichia coli (E. coli) using pRham N-His SUMO expression system. The thermostable laccase with a molecular weight ~30 kDa had a t1/2 (pH 6.0) of 120 h at 50 °C. The homology modelling for laccase structure showed the presence of Cu active centers with His and Cys residues involved in the active site and ligand binding activity of the enzyme, respectively. The Km, Vmax, Kcat and Kcat/Km values of the purified enzyme with ABTS were found to be 0.146 mM, 1.52 U/mg, 1037 s-1 and 7102.7 s-1 mM-1, respectively. The doping of recombinant WSUCF1 laccase to commercial enzyme cocktails Accellerase® 1500 and Cellic CTec2 improved the hydrolysis of untreated, alkali and acid treated corn stover by 1.31-2.28 times and bagasse by 1.32-2.02 times. Further, in-house enzyme cocktails with laccase hydrolyzed untreated, alkali and acid treated bagasse and gave 1.44, 1.1, and 0.92 folds higher sugar, respectively, when compared with Accellerase 1500. The results suggested that thermostable laccase can aid in the improved hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Road, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Mohit Bibra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; Green Biologics Inc., Little Falls, MN 56345, USA
| | - B S Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rajesh K Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; BuG ReMeDEE Consortium, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
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Avelar M, Olvera C, Aceves-Zamudio D, Folch JL, Ayala M. Recombinant expression of a laccase from Coriolopsis gallica in Pichia pastoris using a modified α-factor preproleader. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 136:14-19. [PMID: 28602730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we communicate the heterologous expression of a laccase from Coriolopsis gallica in Pichia pastoris. This enzyme has been reported to efficiently degrade a variety of pollutants such as industrial dyes. The expression strategy included using a previously reported modified α-factor preproleader for enhanced secretion and pAOX1, a methanol-responsive promoter. Methanol concentration, copper salts concentration and temperature were varied in order to enhance laccase expression in this heterologous system. A volumetric activity of 250 U/L was achieved after 12-day culture in Fernbach flasks. The protein was recovered from the supernatant and purified, obtaining a preparation with 90% electrophoretic purity. The catalytic constants of the recombinant enzyme are almost identical to the fungal enzyme, thus rendering this system a useful tool for protein engineering of laccase from C. gallica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Avelar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Clarita Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Denise Aceves-Zamudio
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología UAEM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Folch
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología UAEM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcela Ayala
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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16
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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17
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Pollegioni L, Tonin F, Rosini E. Lignin-degrading enzymes. FEBS J 2015; 282:1190-213. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita; Università degli studi dell'Insubria; Varese Italy
- The Protein Factory; Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche; Politecnico di Milano; ICRM CNR Milano; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Italy
| | - Fabio Tonin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita; Università degli studi dell'Insubria; Varese Italy
| | - Elena Rosini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita; Università degli studi dell'Insubria; Varese Italy
- The Protein Factory; Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche; Politecnico di Milano; ICRM CNR Milano; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Italy
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