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Li M, Mei YX, Wen JH, Jiao YR, Pan QR, Kong XX, Li J. Hepatoid adenocarcinoma-Clinicopathological features and molecular characteristics. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216104. [PMID: 36863507 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare, malignant, extrahepatic tumor with histologic features similar to those of hepatocellular carcinoma. HAC is most often associated with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). HAC can occur in multiple organs, including the stomach, esophagus, colon, pancreas, lungs, and ovaries. HAC differs greatly from typical adenocarcinoma in terms of its biological aggression, poor prognosis, and clinicopathological characteristics. However, the mechanisms underlying its development and invasive metastasis remain unclear. The purpose of this review was to summarize the clinicopathological features, molecular traits, and molecular mechanisms driving the malignant phenotype of HAC, in order to support the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yan-Xia Mei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ji-Hang Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yu-Rong Jiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Qiang-Rong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiang-Xing Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, China.
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2
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Głowska-Ciemny J, Szymański M, Kuszerska A, Malewski Z, von Kaisenberg C, Kocyłowski R. The Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) in Contemporary Oncology: The Path from a Diagnostic Biomarker to an Anticancer Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032539. [PMID: 36768863 PMCID: PMC9917199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents contemporary opinion on the role of alpha-fetoprotein in oncologic diagnostics and treatment. This role stretches far beyond the already known one-that of the biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma. The turn of the 20th and 21st centuries saw a significant increase in knowledge about the fundamental role of AFP in the neoplastic processes, and in the induction of features of malignance and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. The impact of AFP on the creation of an immunosuppressive environment for the developing tumor was identified, giving rise to attempts at immunotherapy. The paper presents current and prospective therapies using AFP and its derivatives and the gene therapy options. We directed our attention to both the benefits and risks associated with the use of AFP in oncologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Głowska-Ciemny
- PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.G.-C.); (R.K.)
| | - Marcin Szymański
- PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Kuszerska
- PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbyszko Malewski
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rafał Kocyłowski
- PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.G.-C.); (R.K.)
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Shardina KY, Timganova VP, Bochkova MS, Khramtsov PV, Rayev MB, Zamorina SA. The Role of Recombinant Glycodelin in the Differentiation of Regulatory T-Lymphocytes. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2022; 506:137-140. [PMID: 36301420 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of recombinant glycodelin (GdA) on the number of T-regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) in a culture of activated CD4+ lymphocytes was investigated, while simultaneously assessing the proliferative status of the cells. Recombinant GdA from E. coli and from HEK293 cells were used in the study at concentrations of 0.2; 2 and 10 µg/mL. It was found that only a low concentration (0.2 μg/mL) of recombinant GdA of bacterial origin reduced the number of proliferating CD4+ lymphocytes as well as the number of Treg (CD4+CD25highCD127-/low) in the experimental system in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yu Shardina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of the PFRC, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, Perm, Russia
| | - V P Timganova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of the PFRC, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, Perm, Russia
| | - M S Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of the PFRC, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, Perm, Russia
- Perm State National Research University, 614068, Perm, Russia
| | - P V Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of the PFRC, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, Perm, Russia
- Perm State National Research University, 614068, Perm, Russia
| | - M B Rayev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of the PFRC, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, Perm, Russia
- Perm State National Research University, 614068, Perm, Russia
| | - S A Zamorina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of the PFRC, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, Perm, Russia.
- Perm State National Research University, 614068, Perm, Russia.
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Jang S, Choi GH, Chang W, Jang ES, Kim JW, Jeong SH. Elevated alpha-fetoprotein in asymptomatic adults: Clinical features, outcome, and association with body composition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271407. [PMID: 35862314 PMCID: PMC9302731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Apparently healthy individuals with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (>7 ng/mL) for unknown causes visit clinics. We investigated their clinical characteristics, outcomes, and relationship with body fat deposition and muscle mass. Methods The case group included asymptomatic 137 individuals with “elevated AFP level” (R772) diagnostic code from 2009 to 2018 in a tertiary hospital. The control group enrolled 274 age- and sex-matched patients with <5 cm hepatic hemangiomas. Hepatic, visceral, and psoas muscle adiposity and psoas muscle index (PMI) were measured in the subgroups of 45 cases and 90 controls with pre-contrast computed tomography (CT) images. Results The case group (mean age 47.5 years, male 35.8%) showed higher AFP levels (10.3 vs 2.5 ng/mL, p<0.001) and total bilirubin (0.8 vs 0.7 mg/dL, p<0.001), but a lower body mass index (22.2 vs 23.3 kg/m2, p = 0.011) and alanine aminotransferase levels (17.0 vs 19.0 IU/L, p = 0.047) than the controls. During 13 months of median follow-up, there was no cancer or liver disease development. The AFP levels were stable. In the subgroups with CT images, cases showed a lower proportion of hepatic steatosis (4.4% vs 18.9%, p = 0.023), higher psoas muscle attenuation (48.2 vs 43.8 Hounsfield units, p<0.001) and higher PMI (5.7 vs 4.2 cm2/m2, p<0.001) than the controls. Conclusion Elevated AFP levels in asymptomatic individuals may play a role in expressing a protective phenotype against hepatic steatosis, myosteatosis, and sarcopenia. AFP levels in patients with elevated AFP were stable during follow-up without liver injury or cancer development. Interaction between AFP expression and steatosis warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Won Chang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Zamorina SA, Litvinova LS, Yurova KA, Khaziakhmatova OG, Timganova VP, Bochkova MS, Khramtsov PV, Raev MB, Chereshnev VA. Role of α-Fetoprotein in Regulation of Proliferation and Functional Activity of Naïve T Cells and Immune Memory T Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:470-474. [PMID: 31493259 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of native α-fetoprotein preparation in the regulation of proliferation and functional activity of naïve T cells and immune memory T cells in vitro. The study was carried out on separated fractions of naïve T cells (CD45RA+) and immune memory T cells (CD45R0+) incubated with α-fetoprotein under conditions of TCR activation. At the level of naïve T cells, α-fetoprotein in a concentration of 100 U/ml reduced the expression of CD28, but increased the expression of CD25, while at the level of immune memory T cells α-fetoprotein (50 and 100 U/ml) only suppressed the expression of CD25. No effects of α-fetoprotein on the proliferative status of the studied lymphocyte subpopulations and on the expression of CD71 (proliferation marker) by these cells were detected. Addition of α-fetoprotein in a concentration of 100 U/ml increased the level of IL-2 in naïve T cell culture supernatants, while production of IL-2 by memory T cells remained unchanged. These data demonstrated the priority aspects of regulation of the functional activities of naïve T cells and immune memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Zamorina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.
| | - L S Litvinova
- I. Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - K A Yurova
- I. Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | | | - V P Timganova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - M S Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - P V Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.,I. Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - M B Raev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - V A Chereshnev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.,Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Zamorina SA, Timganova VP, Litvinova LS, Todosenko NM, Bochkova MS, Shardina KY, Khramtsov PV, Rayev MB, Chereshnev VA. [The role of alpha-fetoprotein in regulation of the cytokine profile of activated T-helpers and their conversion in Th17 phenotype]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:347-355. [PMID: 31436177 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196504347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of the native (non-recombinant) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on differentiation, proliferation, and cytokine profile of activated helper T cells 17 (Th17). The object of the study was a culture of isolated by immunomagnetic separation helper T cells (CD4+), induced into the Th17 phenotype by using TCR-activator and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). AFP had not significant effect on the frequency of Th17 cells (ROR-γτ+) in the helper T cell culture, and did not affect proliferation of these cells, as measured by Ki-67 expression. Evaluation of the cytokine profile of culture supernatants by using the Luminex xMAP technology, revealed that AFP did not affect the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α, but at concentrations of 50 IU/ml and 100 IU/ml it increased IL-2 production by activated helper T cells. At the same time, AFP suppressed the synthesis of G-CSF and GM-CSF (10 IU/ml), but stimulated the production of CCL4/MIP-1β (100 IU/ml) and CCL2/MCP-1 chemokines (10 IU/ml and 50 IU/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Zamorina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia; Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - V P Timganova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - L S Litvinova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - N M Todosenko
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - M S Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | | | - P V Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia; Perm State University, Perm, Russia; Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - M B Rayev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia; Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - V A Chereshnev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia; Perm State University, Perm, Russia
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Zamorina SA, Timganova VP, Bochkova MS, Khramtsov PV, Fomicheva KA, Rayev MB, Chereshnev VA. α-Fetoprotein Influence on the Conversion of Naïve T-Helpers into Memory T-Cell Effector Subpopulations. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2018; 482:210-213. [PMID: 30402762 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496618050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of native α-fetoprotein (AFP) on the conversion of naïve T-helpers into central memory T-cells (TCM) and effector subpopulations of the preterminally differentiated (TEM) and terminally differentiated (TEMRA) memory T-cells was studied. AFP was found to prevent the conversion of naïve T-helpers into effector subpopulations of memory T cells (TEM and TEMRA) while reducing the total production of IL-4 and IFN-γ by the studied cell populations. The data reveal a new role of AFP in the immune tolerance formation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Zamorina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.,Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
| | - V P Timganova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.
| | - M S Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - P V Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.,Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
| | - K A Fomicheva
- Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
| | - M B Rayev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.,Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia.,Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V A Chereshnev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.,Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia.,Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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