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Sánchez-Valencia PE, Díaz-García JD, Leyva-Leyva M, Sánchez-Aguillón F, González-Arenas NR, Mendoza-García JG, Tenorio-Aguirre EK, de León-Bautista MP, Ibarra-Arce A, Maravilla P, Olivo-Díaz A. Frequency of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms in Mexican Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Kidney Disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2025; 32:14. [PMID: 40265439 PMCID: PMC12015769 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology32020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Two of the microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is the most common cause of non-traumatic blindness, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD); the latter generally requires renal replacement therapy. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 (TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6), as well as to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of T2D association with these microvascular complications. METHODS This study included 203 patients with T2D, of which 102 had microvascular complications: 95 with DR, 50 with DKD, and 15 with diabetic neuropathy (the latter were not included in the statistical analysis); those with T2D without confirmed microvascular complications were considered as controls. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from the patient's medical records. Polymorphism typing of TNF-α rs361525 and rs1800629 and IL-10 rs1800872 and rs1800871 were obtained using MALDI-TOF MS. IL-10 rs1800896 and IL-6 rs1800795 were typed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results of age, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and arterial hypertension are significantly associated in every group. The TNF-α rs1800629A allele and TNF-α rs1800629G/A genotype were associated with microvascular complications and DR. For IL-10-rs1800896, all the models were associated in DKD. The TNF-α rs361525-rs1800629GA haplotype was associated with microvascular complications and DR, while the IL-10 haplotype, rs1800872-rs1800871-rs1800896 GGC, showed susceptibility in every group. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the contributions of the variants of these cytokines to these microvascular complications, but more studies are required to reach relevant conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Elvira Sánchez-Valencia
- División de Medicina Interna, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.E.S.-V.); (J.D.D.-G.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.K.T.-A.)
| | - Juan Daniel Díaz-García
- División de Medicina Interna, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.E.S.-V.); (J.D.D.-G.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.K.T.-A.)
| | - Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (F.S.-A.); (A.I.-A.)
| | - Fabiola Sánchez-Aguillón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (F.S.-A.); (A.I.-A.)
| | - Nelly Raquel González-Arenas
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.R.G.-A.); (P.M.)
| | - Jesús Guillermo Mendoza-García
- División de Medicina Interna, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.E.S.-V.); (J.D.D.-G.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.K.T.-A.)
| | - Erika Karina Tenorio-Aguirre
- División de Medicina Interna, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.E.S.-V.); (J.D.D.-G.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.K.T.-A.)
| | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia 58090, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Genómica (INEX LAB), Morelia 58280, Mexico
| | - Aurora Ibarra-Arce
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (F.S.-A.); (A.I.-A.)
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.R.G.-A.); (P.M.)
| | - Angélica Olivo-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (F.S.-A.); (A.I.-A.)
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Trifonova EA, Popovich AA, Makeeva OA, Minaycheva LI, Bocharova AV, Vagaitseva KV, Stepanov VA. Replicative Association Analysis of Genetic Markers of Obesity in the Russian Population. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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