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Chani MTS, Karimov KS, Asiri AM, Rahman MM, Kamal T. Effect of Vibrations, Displacement, Pressure, Temperature and Humidity on the Resistance and Impedance of the Shockproof Resistors Based on Rubber and Jelly (NiPc–CNT–Oil) Composites. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040226. [PMID: 35448127 PMCID: PMC9027735 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of shockproof rubber–jelly (NiPc–CNT–oil) composite-based resistors. To fabricate the resistors, gels of CNT and NiPc with edible oil were prepared and deposited on a flexible rubber substrate using rubbing-in technique. The devices’ resistance and impedance were investigated under the effect of pressure, displacement, humidity, temperature and mechanical vibrations. The resistance and the impedance decreased, on average, by 1.08 times under the effect of pressure (up to 850 gf/cm2) and by 1.04 times under the effect of displacement (up to 50 µm). Accordingly, upon increasing the humidity from 60% to 90% RH, the resistance and impedance decreased by up to 1.04 times, while upon increasing the temperature from 25 °C to 43 °C, the resistance and impedances also decreased by up to 1.05 times. Moreover, under the effect of vibration, a decrease in resistance and impedance, by up to 1.03 times, was observed. The investigated samples can potentially be used as prototypes for the development of shockproof jelly electronic-based devices in particular resistors. The technological achievement in the fabrication of these devices is the use of edible organic oil, which allows for the fabrication of uniform jelly films of organic materials that cannot be realized simply by mixing “dry” ingredients. Especially, we highlight that edible organic oil is environmentally friendly, unlike some other inorganic oils that are used in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Saeed Chani
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.M.R.); (T.K.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-26-95229
| | - Khasan S. Karimov
- Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Pakistan;
- Center for Innovative Development of Science and Technologies of Academy of Sciences, Rudaki Ave., 33, Dushanbe 734025, Tajikistan
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.M.R.); (T.K.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.M.R.); (T.K.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahseen Kamal
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.M.R.); (T.K.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Chani MTS, Karimov KS, Bakhsh EM, Rahman MM. Effect of Humidity and Temperature on the Impedances and Voltage of Al/Gr-Jelly/Cu-Rubber Composite-Based Flexible Electrochemical Sensors. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020073. [PMID: 35200455 PMCID: PMC8871431 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present the fabrication of graphene and jelly (superabsorbent polymer) electrolyte composite-based shockproof flexible electrochemical sensors (Al/Gr-Jelly/Cu) and their properties under the effect of humidity and temperature. A layer of graphene mixed in jelly electrolyte was drop-casted onto porous rubber substrates between preliminary fixed aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) electrodes followed by rubbing-in. It was observed that the graphene and jelly mixture was mechanically soft and flexible, similar to jelly. Electrically, this mixture (graphene and jelly) behaved as a flexible electrolyte. It was observed that under the effect of humidity ranging from 47 to 98%, the impedances of the sensors decreased by 2.0 times on average. Under the effect of temperatures ranging from 21 to 41 °C the impedances decreased by 2.4 times. The average temperature coefficient of impedances was equal to −0.03 °C−1. The electrochemical voltage generated by the flexible jelly electrolyte sensors was also investigated. It was found that the initial open-circuit voltages were equal to 201 mV and increased slightly, by 5–10% under the effect of humidity and temperature as well. The short-circuit currents under the effect of humidity and temperature increased by 2–3 times. The Al/Gr-Jelly/Cu electrochemical sensors may be used as prototypes for the development of the jelly electronic-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Saeed Chani
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-26-95229
| | - Khasan S. Karimov
- Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Pakistan;
- Center for Innovative Development of Science and Technologies, Academy of Sciences, Rudaki Ave., 33, Dushanbe 734025, Tajikistan
| | - Esraa M. Bakhsh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Saqib M, Ali Khan S, Mutee Ur Rehman HM, Yang Y, Kim S, Rehman MM, Young Kim W. High-Performance Humidity Sensor Based on the Graphene Flower/Zinc Oxide Composite. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010242. [PMID: 33477616 PMCID: PMC7831307 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Performance of an electronic device relies heavily on the availability of a suitable functional material. One of the simple, easy, and cost-effective ways to obtain novel functional materials with improved properties for desired applications is to make composites of selected materials. In this work, a novel composite of transparent n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) with a wide bandgap and a unique structure of graphene in the form of a graphene flower (GrF) is synthesized and used as the functional layer of a humidity sensor. The (GrF/ZnO) composite was synthesized by a simple sol–gel method. Morphological, elemental, and structural characterizations of GrF/ZnO composite were performed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and an x-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively, to fully understand the properties of this newly synthesized functional material. The proposed humidity sensor was tested in the relative humidity (RH) range of 15% RH% to 86% RH%. The demonstrated sensor illustrated a highly sensitive response to humidity with an average current change of 7.77 μA/RH%. Other prominent characteristics shown by this device include but were not limited to high stability, repeatable results, fast response, and quick recovery time. The proposed humidity sensor was highly sensitive to human breathing, thus making it a promising candidate for various applications related to health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Shenawar Ali Khan
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Hafiz Mohammad Mutee Ur Rehman
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Yunsook Yang
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Seongwan Kim
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Muqeet Rehman
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Woo Young Kim
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Wu M, Wu Z, Jin X, Lee JH. A Highly Sensitive FET-Type Humidity Sensor with Inkjet-Printed Pt-In 2O 3 Nanoparticles at Room Temperature. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:198. [PMID: 33052477 PMCID: PMC7560637 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Pt-doped In2O3 nanoparticles (Pt-In2O3) were inkjet printed on a FET-type sensor platform that has a floating gate horizontally aligned with a control gate for humidity detection at room temperature. The relative humidity (RH)-sensing behavior of the FET-type sensor was investigated in a range from 3.3 (dry air in the work) to about 18%. A pulsed measurement method was applied to the transient RH-sensing tests of the FET-type sensor to suppress sensor baseline drift. An inkjet-printed Pt-In2O3 resistive-type sensor was also fabricated on the same wafer for comparison, and it showed no response to low RH levels (below 18%). In contrast, the FET-type sensor presented excellent low humidity sensitivity and fast response (32% of response and 58 s of response time for 18% RH) as it is able to detect the work-function changes of the sensing material induced by the physisorption of water molecules. The sensing mechanism of the FET-type sensor and the principle behind the difference in sensing performance between two types of sensors were explained through the analysis on the adsorption processes of water molecules and energy band diagrams. This research is very useful for the in-depth study of the humidity-sensing behaviors of Pt-In2O3, and the proposed FET-type humidity sensor could be a potential candidate in the field of real-time gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meile Wu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Zhanyu Wu
- Huafu High Technology Energy Storage Co., Ltd, Yangzhou, 225600, Jiangsu, China
- Huafu (JiangSu) Lithium Battery High Technology Co., Ltd, Yangzhou, 225600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoshi Jin
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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