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Akhmatova NK, Kurbatova EA, Zaytsev AE, Akhmatova EA, Yastrebova NE, Sukhova EV, Yashunsky DV, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Synthetic BSA-conjugated disaccharide related to the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide increases IL-17A Levels, γδ T cells, and B1 cells in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388721. [PMID: 38840926 PMCID: PMC11150546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The disaccharide (β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside represents a repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. A conjugate of the disaccharide with BSA (di-BSA conjugate) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide induced - in contrast to the non-adjuvanted conjugate - IgG1 antibody production and protected mice against S. pneumoniae serotype 3 infection after intraperitoneal prime-boost immunization. Adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted conjugates induced production of Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα); Th2 (IL-5, IL-13); Th17 (IL-17A), Th1/Th17 (IL-22), and Th2/Th17 cytokines (IL-21) after immunization. The concentration of cytokines in mice sera was higher in response to the adjuvanted conjugate, with the highest level of IL-17A production after the prime and boost immunizations. In contrast, the non-adjuvanted conjugate elicited only weak production of IL-17A, which gradually decreased after the second immunization. After boost immunization of mice with the adjuvanted di-BSA conjugate, there was a significant increase in the number of CD45+/CD19+ B cells, TCR+ γδ T cell, CD5+ В1 cells, and activated cells with MHC II+ expression in the spleens of the mice. IL-17A, TCR+ γδ T cells, and CD5+ В1 cells play a crucial role in preventing pneumococcal infection, but can also contribute to autoimmune diseases. Immunization with the adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted di-BSA conjugate did not elicit autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA targeting cell nuclei in mice. Thus, the molecular and cellular markers associated with antibody production and protective activity in response to immunization with the di-BSA conjugate adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide are IL-17A, TCR+ γδ T cells, and CD5+ В1 cells against the background of increasing MHC II+ expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Mice
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Pneumococcal Infections/immunology
- Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Disaccharides/immunology
- Bacterial Capsules/immunology
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Female
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Serogroup
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli K. Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Kurbatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton E. Zaytsev
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina A. Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya E. Yastrebova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Sukhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V. Yashunsky
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Micoli F, Romano MR, Carboni F, Adamo R, Berti F. Strengths and weaknesses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:135-148. [PMID: 36652051 PMCID: PMC10027807 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent vaccines addressing an increasing number of Streptococcus pneumoniae types (7-, 10-, 13-, 15-, 20-valent) have been licensed over the last 22 years. The use of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines has been pivotal in reducing the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease despite the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes. Notwithstanding its undoubtable success, some weaknesses have called for continuous improvement of pneumococcal vaccination. For instance, despite their inclusion in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, there are challenges associated with some serotypes. In particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 remains a major cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in several countries.Here a deep revision of the strengths and weaknesses of the licensed pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and other vaccine candidates currently in clinical development is reported.
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Zhang C, Deng Y, Wang X, Shi L, Zhan B, Hou N, Liu S, Bao M, Chi G, Fang T. Alnustone inhibits Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence by targeting pneumolysin and sortase A. Fitoterapia 2022; 162:105261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cross reacting material (CRM197) as a carrier protein for carbohydrate conjugate vaccines targeted at bacterial and fungal pathogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:775-798. [PMID: 35872318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper gives an overview of conjugate glycovaccines which contain recombinant diphtheria toxoid CRM197 as a carrier protein. A special focus is given to synthetic methods used for preparation of neoglycoconjugates of CRM197 with oligosaccharide epitopes of cell surface carbohydrates of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Syntheses of commercial vaccines and laboratory specimen on the basis of CRM197 are outlined briefly.
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Del Bino L, Østerlid KE, Wu DY, Nonne F, Romano MR, Codée J, Adamo R. Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15672-15716. [PMID: 35608633 PMCID: PMC9614730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as the next potential pandemic. Different microorganisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Candida auris, have been identified by the WHO and CDC as urgent or serious AMR threats. Others, such as group A and B Streptococci, are classified as concerning threats. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been demonstrated to be an efficacious and cost-effective measure to combat infections against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and, more recently, Salmonella typhi. Recent times have seen enormous progress in methodologies for the assembly of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, with developments in synthetic, chemoenzymatic, and glycoengineering methodologies. This review analyzes the advancement of glycoconjugate vaccines based on synthetic carbohydrates to improve existing vaccines and identify novel candidates to combat AMR. Through this literature survey we built an overview of structure-immunogenicity relationships from available data and identify gaps and areas for further research to better exploit the peculiar role of carbohydrates as vaccine targets and create the next generation of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitt Emilie Østerlid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mettu R, Lih YH, Vulupala HR, Chen CY, Hsu MH, Lo HJ, Liao KS, Cheng YY, Chiu CH, Wu CY. Synthetic Library of Oligosaccharides Derived from the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes 6A and 6B and Their Immunological Studies. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:626-634. [PMID: 35171577 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6A and 6B are two of the common causes of invasive pneumococcal diseases. Although capsular polysaccharide conjugates of these two serotypes are included in the leading 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, its low immunogenicity and high threshold for manufacturing technology indicated the need for vaccine improvement. Structurally defined synthetic immunogens have potential in dealing with these problems. To this end, we built a library of capsular polysaccharide fragments through convergent chemical synthesis in [2 + 2], [4 + 4], [4 + 3], [4 + 2], and [4 + 1] coupling manners. The library is comprised of 18 glycan antigens from trisaccharides to pseudo-octasaccharides, derived from the capsular repeating phosphorylated pseudo-tetrasaccharide with or without phosphate. Eight of them were selected for mouse immunization and further immunological studies. Four pseudo-tetrasaccharides with terminal or bridging phosphate elicited opsonic antibodies, which exhibited bactericidal activities and moderate cross-reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Mettu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lih
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2,
Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Daan, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hanmanth Reddy Vulupala
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Hsu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259 Wenhua first Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jay Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259 Wenhua first Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2,
Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Sukhova EV, Yashunsky DV, Kurbatova EA, Akhmatova EA, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Synthesis and Preliminary Immunological Evaluation of a Pseudotetrasaccharide Related to a Repeating Unit of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 6A Capsular Polysaccharide. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:754753. [PMID: 34966778 PMCID: PMC8710661 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.754753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Aminoethyl glycoside of the pseudotetrasaccharide α-d-Glcp-(1→3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→3)-d-Rib-ol-(5-P-2)-α-d-Galp corresponding to a repeating unit of the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6A capsular polysaccharide has been synthesized. A suitably protected pseudotrisaccharide α-d-Glcp-(1→3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→3)-d-Rib-ol with a free 5-OH group in the ribitol moiety and a 2-OH derivative of 2-trifluoroacetamidoethyl α-d-galactopyranoside have been efficiently prepared and then connected via a phosphate bridge using the hydrogen phosphonate procedure. Preliminary immunological evaluation of this pseudotetrasaccharide and the previously synthesized pseudotetrasaccharide corresponding to a repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae serotype 6B has shown that they contain epitopes specifically recognized by anti-serogroup 6 antibodies and are able to model well the corresponding capsular polysaccharides. Conjugates of the synthetic pseudotetrasaccharides with bovine serum albumin were shown to be immunogenic in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Sukhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Yashunsky
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kurbatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina A Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Khatuntseva EA, Nifantiev NE. Glycoconjugate Vaccines for Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021; 47:26-52. [PMID: 33776394 PMCID: PMC7980804 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the experience in laboratory- and industrial-scale syntheses of glycoconjugate vaccines used for prevention of infectious diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria based on the linear capsular polysaccharide poly-3-β-D-ribosyl-(1→1)-D-ribitol-5-phosphate (PRP) or related synthetic oligosaccharide ligands. The methods for preparation of related oligosaccharide derivatives and results of the studies evaluating effect of their length on immunogenic properties of the conjugates with protein carriers are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Khatuntseva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Nifantiev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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