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Wu J, Yang F, Ma X, Lin J, Chen W. Elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis vs. polymyalgia rheumatica: Differences in pathogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1083879. [PMID: 36714116 PMCID: PMC9879490 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1083879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the facet joints. Elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis appears to exhibit symptoms similar to those of polymyalgia rheumatica, characterized by morning stiffness and pain in the shoulder and hip joints. Both diseases develop in the elderly, and it is sometimes challenging to distinguish them. Here, we identify the differences in pathogenesis between elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica to assist with a clear differential diagnosis and effective early intervention.
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Issilbayeva A, Kushugulova A, Meiramova A, Kozhakhmetov S, Akhmetova Z, Nurgaziyev M, Chulenbayeva L, Babenko D, Kunz J, Ainabekova B. Epidemiological Trends of Rheumatoid Arthritis and PADI4, PTPN22, and HLA-DRB9 Genes Distribution in the Kazakhstan Population. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is 1% in the global population. The lack of epidemiological studies in developing countries makes it difficult to obtain a complete global epidemiological picture of RA. RA develops due to the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors, though the contribution of these factors to the various disease occurrence seen in different populations is unclear.
AIM: The aim of our study was to analyze the dynamics of the general prevalence and incidence of RA among the population of Kazakhstan in 2017–2019 as well as to investigate the three most common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of RA in the Kazakhstan population.
METHODS: The analysis of statistical data on Form 12 “On the health of the people and the health care system” was carried out. Prevalence and incidence rates were calculated according to generally accepted rules. Demographic data for the Republic of Kazakhstan were obtained from the official website stat.gov.kz. Our study included 70 RA patients and 113 control subjects. Blood samples were collected and genotyped for peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), protein tyrosine phosphatase 22, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB9 SNPs by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: The prevalence of RA in Kazakhstan in 2017–2019 was 0.36–0.38%, with an incidence rate of 0.085–0.087%, which can be comparable to data of other countries in Central Asia. The allele and genotypes frequency analyses were carried out between patients and controls. The HLA-DRB9 showed significant association of the G allele odds ratio (OR) 1.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.252–3.081), p= 0.0025 and G/G genotype OR = 3.67 (95% CI: 1.58–8.54), p = 0.00162 with RA in our sample. Strong association between anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) profile and PADI4 (OR 12.19 [95% CI: 2.19–67.94], p = 0.00115) was found.
CONCLUSION: There was an increase in RA prevalence with age among females and a higher crude prevalence and incidence of RA in the southern regions of Kazakhstan. HLA-DRB9 prevailed in Kazakhstani patients with RA, PADI4 showed association with ACPA-positive RA. Further studies on larger samples are required to confirm our obtained results.
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Pradeepkiran JA. Insights of rheumatoid arthritis risk factors and associations. J Transl Autoimmun 2019; 2:100012. [PMID: 32743500 PMCID: PMC7388374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a defective post-translational modification of citrullinated peptides which cause synovial inflammation in joints. The present review elaborates the basic mechanisms of RA and the root causes of molecular mechanisms. The gender-based differentiation and probabilitiesof RA causes were discussed. Many report studies supporting that females are more prone to RA than males maybe suspected that circulating estrogen hormones 16a-hydroxy estrone, 2-hydroxy estrogens involvement in the RA pathogenicity. Other important aspects like environmental factors and air pollutants like (SO2 and NO2) were also impacted and enhances the risk of RA were discussed. The root cause of pathomechanisms of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes in RA and autoimmunity factors were poorly understood, however, Ati-citrullinated peptides (ACP) are the powerful markers to diagnose the RA disease. This review discusses three main risk factors of RA to understand the RA pathogenesis and disease-modifying mechanisms, may provide a unique opportunity to determine disease prevalence and RA associations. Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is caused by the defected peptides, environmental factor’s and hormonal dysregulation in synovial inflammation. The immune system attacks joint tissue for pathogenic citrullinated peptides causing inflammation in synovium, leading to RA. Risk factors, disorder proteins, cellular changes influence immune system to turns to self antigens leads to RA. Understanding the exact role and action of risk factors in RA is especially important given the prevention measures to RA are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
- Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, AP, India
- Deprtment of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University of Health Science Centre, Lubbock, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University of Health Science Centre, Lubbock, USA.
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Guderud K, Mæhlen MT, Nordang GBN, Viken MK, Andreassen BK, Molberg Ø, Flåm ST, Lie BA. Lack of Association among Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Type 4 Autoantibodies, PADI4 Polymorphisms, and Clinical Characteristics in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:1211-1219. [PMID: 29858238 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.170769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to jointly investigate the role of antipeptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 antibodies (anti-PAD4) and polymorphisms in the PADI4 gene together with clinical variables in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Serum IgG autoantibodies to human recombinant PAD4 were identified by DELFIA technique in 745 patients with RA (366 available from previous studies). Genotyping of PADI4 was performed using TaqMan assays in 945 patients and 1118 controls. Clinical data, anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) status, shared epitope status, and a combined genetic risk score were also available. RESULTS Anti-PAD4 antibodies were detected in 193 (26%) of 745 patients with RA; 149 (77%) of these were also ACPA-positive. No association was observed between anti-PAD4 status and clinical characteristics, PADI4 polymorphisms, or genetic risk scores after stratification for ACPA status. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results from these combined serological, genetic, and clinical analyses suggest that anti-PAD4 appears to be a bystander autoantibody with no current clinical utility in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Guderud
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-based Research, Oslo, Norway.,K. Guderud, M Pharm, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.T. Mæhlen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; G.B. Nordang, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.K. Viken, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre; B.K. Andreassen, PhD, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research; Ø. Molberg, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; S.T. Flåm, BS, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; B.A. Lie, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre
| | - Marthe Thoresen Mæhlen
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-based Research, Oslo, Norway.,K. Guderud, M Pharm, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.T. Mæhlen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; G.B. Nordang, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.K. Viken, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre; B.K. Andreassen, PhD, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research; Ø. Molberg, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; S.T. Flåm, BS, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; B.A. Lie, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre
| | - Gry Beate Namløs Nordang
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-based Research, Oslo, Norway.,K. Guderud, M Pharm, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.T. Mæhlen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; G.B. Nordang, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.K. Viken, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre; B.K. Andreassen, PhD, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research; Ø. Molberg, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; S.T. Flåm, BS, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; B.A. Lie, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre
| | - Marte Kathrine Viken
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-based Research, Oslo, Norway.,K. Guderud, M Pharm, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.T. Mæhlen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; G.B. Nordang, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.K. Viken, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre; B.K. Andreassen, PhD, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research; Ø. Molberg, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; S.T. Flåm, BS, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; B.A. Lie, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre
| | - Bettina Kulle Andreassen
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-based Research, Oslo, Norway.,K. Guderud, M Pharm, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.T. Mæhlen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; G.B. Nordang, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.K. Viken, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre; B.K. Andreassen, PhD, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research; Ø. Molberg, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; S.T. Flåm, BS, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; B.A. Lie, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-based Research, Oslo, Norway.,K. Guderud, M Pharm, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.T. Mæhlen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; G.B. Nordang, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.K. Viken, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre; B.K. Andreassen, PhD, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research; Ø. Molberg, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; S.T. Flåm, BS, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; B.A. Lie, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre
| | - Siri Tennebø Flåm
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-based Research, Oslo, Norway.,K. Guderud, M Pharm, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.T. Mæhlen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; G.B. Nordang, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.K. Viken, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre; B.K. Andreassen, PhD, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research; Ø. Molberg, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; S.T. Flåm, BS, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; B.A. Lie, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre
| | - Benedicte Alexandra Lie
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-based Research, Oslo, Norway. .,K. Guderud, M Pharm, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.T. Mæhlen, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; G.B. Nordang, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; M.K. Viken, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre; B.K. Andreassen, PhD, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research; Ø. Molberg, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital; S.T. Flåm, BS, Department of Medical Genetics, and the K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital; B.A. Lie, PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre.
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Clinical and immunological aspects of anti-peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (anti-PAD4) autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Reyes-Castillo Z, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Parra-Rojas I, Martínez-Bonilla GE, del Toro-Arreola S, Ramírez-Dueñas MG, Ocampo-Bermudes G, Muñoz-Valle JF. Comparative analysis of autoantibodies targeting peptidylarginine deiminase type 4, mutated citrullinated vimentin and cyclic citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis: associations with cytokine profiles, clinical and genetic features. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 182:119-31. [PMID: 26149185 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) are widely used for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We performed a comparative analysis of antibodies targeting the citrullinating enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (anti-PAD4) and mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) with anti-CCP autoantibodies in RA patients and examined their relationships with clinical parameters, cytokine profiles and the PADI4 gene. Autoantibodies were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera of 170 RA patients and 103 controls. Cytokine profiles were measured using a multiplex system. PADI4 polymorphisms (89 G > A, 90 T > C and 92 G > C) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Anti-PAD4, anti-MCV and anti-CCP autoantibodies were detected in 24, 61 and 74% of RA patients, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between anti-PAD4 and disease duration; anti-CCP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); anti-MCV and ESR and C-reactive protein. Anti-MCV antibodies were associated with high disease activity score 28 (DAS-28) in early RA. Concentrations of T helper type 1 (Th1) [tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-2, IL-1β], Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) and Th17 (IL-17) cytokines were higher in RA than in controls. Th2 and, to a lesser extent, Th1-related cytokines, showed positive correlations with anti-MCV and anti-CCP. The GTG haplotype in PADI4 was associated with anti-CCP and anti-MCV, but not anti-PAD4 antibodies. In conclusion, anti-PAD4 antibodies are detected mainly in established RA, which is in contrast to the early detection of antibodies against citrullinated peptide/proteins (ACPAs). Among autoantibodies, anti-MCV appear to perform better as markers of disease activity. Furthermore, anti-CCP and anti-MCV are associated genetically with the citrullinating enzyme PAD4 and are related strongly to Th1 and Th2 cytokines, suggesting a feed-forward loop between cytokines and ACPA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Reyes-Castillo
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, CUCS, Universidad De Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco
| | - C A Palafox-Sánchez
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, CUCS, Universidad De Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco
| | - I Parra-Rojas
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biologic Sciences, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero
| | - G E Martínez-Bonilla
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Civil De Guadalajara 'Fray Antonio Alcalde', Guadalajara, Jalisco
| | - S del Toro-Arreola
- Institute of Chronic and Degenerative Diseases, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, CUCS, Universidad De Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M G Ramírez-Dueñas
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, CUCS, Universidad De Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco
| | - G Ocampo-Bermudes
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, CUCS, Universidad De Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, CUCS, Universidad De Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco
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7
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Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Reyes-Castillo Z, Muñoz-Barrios S, Ruiz-Noa Y, Martínez-Bonilla GE, Parra-Rojas I, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Muñoz-Valle JF. Polymorphisms and functional haplotype in PADI4: further evidence for contribution on rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in a western Mexican population. Immunol Lett 2015; 163:214-20. [PMID: 25562673 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminase IV (PADI4) enzyme catalyzes the citrullination of proteins, which are recognized by anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here, we determined the association between PADI4 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with RA susceptibility and clinical characteristics in a western Mexican population. The relationship of PADI4 polymorphisms with anti-CCP and PADI4 mRNA expression was also evaluated. PADI4_89, PADI4_90 and PADI4_92 polymorphisms were individually associated with RA susceptibility. The GTG haplotype was significantly associated with: RA susceptibility; disease onset at ≤ 40 years and anti-CCP antibodies. PADI4 expression was three fold higher in RA patients carrying the susceptibility haplotype (GTG) than in non-susceptibility haplotype carriers (ACC). In conclusion, polymorphisms and functional haplotype (GTG) in PADI4 are associated with RA susceptibility as well as anti-CCP antibodies in a Mexican population. This supports the role of PADI4 early in RA pathogenesis by promoting the generation of citrullinated autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Salvador Muñoz-Barrios
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yeniley Ruiz-Noa
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Chang X, Xia Y, Pan J, Meng Q, Zhao Y, Yan X. PADI2 is significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81259. [PMID: 24339914 PMCID: PMC3855321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, a posttranslational modification of peptidyl arginine to citrulline, plays an essential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullination is catalyzed by a group of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) including PADI 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. Many studies have indicated that the gene encoding PADI4 is a factor in susceptibility to RA. Some studies have detected PADI2 expression in RA synovial tissues, suggesting that PADI2 also plays an important role in the disease. This study evaluated the possible association between the PADI2-encoding gene and RA. Seventeen tag SNPs across the PAD locus were genotyped using a custom-designed Illumina 96-SNP VeraCode microarray. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with RA (n = 267), ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n = 51) and healthy controls (n = 160). The results of genotyping were verified using Sequenom MassARRAY in an independent cohort of 307 patients with RA, 324 patients with AS and 509 healthy controls. A western blot analysis was performed using synovial tissue from patients with RA (n = 7), osteoarthritis (OA, n = 7) and AS (n = 5) to determine the levels of expression of PADI2. A microarray analysis revealed a significant association between three selected PADI2 SNPs (rs2235926, rs2057094, rs2076616) and the presence of RA. The increased susceptibility to RA associated with rs2235926 (OR = 1.706733, 95% CI = [1.576366–1.866587], p = 0.000839) and rs2057094 (OR = 1.360432, 95% CI = [1.065483–1.869482], p = 0.003291) was further confirmed by the Sequenom MassARRAY. No tag SNPs in the PADI2 locus showed a significant association with AS. Increased expression of PADI2 was detected in RA synovial tissues compared with samples from patients with OA and AS. PADI2 is significantly associated with RA and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yifang Xia
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Meng
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Moelants EA, Mortier A, Van Damme J, Proost P, Loos T. Peptidylarginine deiminases: physiological function, interaction with chemokines and role in pathology. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2013; 9:e227-314. [PMID: 24063741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Auger I, Charpin C, Balandraud N, Martin M, Roudier J. Autoantibodies to PAD4 and BRAF in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 11:801-3. [PMID: 22349616 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes cartilage and bone destruction. The mechanisms leading to RA are unknown. There is currently no reliable cure for RA. Early treatment can reduce inflammation, joint damage and bone destruction. Thus, early diagnosis of RA is critical. However, definitive diagnosis of RA can be difficult. Immunologic tests that can be performed for the diagnosis of RA include detection of anti citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). However, one third of RA patients have no ACPAs. To identify new autoantibodies in RA, we used the sera of RA patients to screen protein arrays containing 8000 human proteins. We found and validated two major autoantigens: PAD4 (peptidyl arginine deiminase 4) and BRAF (v raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) catalytic domain. We identified peptide targets of anti PAD4 and BRAF autoantibodies. We observed that anti PAD4 are inhibitory whereas anti BRAF stimulate BRAF activity. Anti PAD4 and anti BRAF antibodies may be used to diagnose RA, particularly in the absence of anti citrullinated protein antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Auger
- INSERM UMR 1097, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Kinloch AJ, Lundberg KE, Moyes D, Venables PJ. Pathogenic role of antibodies to citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 2:365-75. [PMID: 20476908 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, the discovery that antibodies to citrullinated proteins are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis has led to a model of pathogenesis that ties together the genetic and environmental risk factors for susceptibility and severity of disease. The authors propose that the chronic inflammation is driven by two phases of an immune response. The first phase is the priming of autoimmunity, which may occur many years before the onset of disease and is caused by environmental factors, such as smoking and infectious agents, in the context of disease susceptibility alleles. This may occur in sites outside the joint, such as the respiratory tract. The second phase is the induction of arthritis, which is associated with the generation of citrullinated proteins within the joint, which is then perpetuated as the erosive disease by a local chronic immune response. The identity of candidate synovial citrullinated antigen(s), whether fibrin, vimentin, alpha-enolase, collagen type II or others yet to be described, may be the key to the pathogenesis of the destructive disease characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. There is emerging evidence that citrullination may already be modified by established therapy in rheumatoid arthritis, but more specific inhibitors of deimination may provide new agents for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kinloch
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Charing Cross Campus, Imperial College London, London W6 8LH, UK.
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Wegner N, Lundberg K, Kinloch A, Fisher B, Malmström V, Feldmann M, Venables PJ. Autoimmunity to specific citrullinated proteins gives the first clues to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2010; 233:34-54. [PMID: 20192991 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is now clearly a true autoimmune disease with accumulating evidence of pathogenic disease-specific autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins. Citrullination, also termed deimination, is a modification of arginine side chains catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. This post-translational modification has the potential to alter the structure, antigenicity, and function of proteins. In RA, antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides are now well established for clinical diagnosis, though we argue that the identification of specific citrullinated antigens, as whole proteins, is necessary for exploring pathogenic mechanisms. Four citrullinated antigens, fibrinogen, vimentin, collagen type II, and alpha-enolase, are now well established, with others awaiting further characterization. All four proteins are expressed in the joint, and there is evidence that antibodies to citrullinated fibrinogen and collagen type II mediate inflammation by the formation of immune complexes, both in humans and animal models. Antibodies to citrullinated proteins are associated with HLA 'shared epitope' alleles, and autoimmunity to at least one antigenic sequence, the CEP-1 peptide from citrullinated alpha-enolase (KIHAcitEIFDScitGNPTVE), shows a specific association with HLA-DRB1*0401, *0404, 620W PTPN22, and smoking. Periodontitis, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogenic bacterium, has been linked to RA in epidemiological studies and also shares similar gene/environment associations. This is also the only bacterium identified that expresses endogenous citrullinated proteins and its own bacterial PAD enzyme, though the precise molecular mechanisms of bacterial citrullination have yet to be explored. Thus, both smoking and Porphyromonas gingivalis are attractive etiological agents for further investigation into the gene/environment/autoimmunity triad of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wegner
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Auger I, Martin M, Balandraud N, Roudier J. Rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies to peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 inhibit citrullination of fibrinogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:126-31. [PMID: 20039406 DOI: 10.1002/art.27230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins are specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and recognize epitopes centered by citrulline, a posttranslationally modified form of arginine. Peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD-4), the enzyme that converts arginine into citrulline, is in itself a target for RA-specific autoantibodies. This study was undertaken to assess whether anti-PAD-4 autoantibodies interfere with citrullination in vitro in patients with RA, and to identify peptide targets of anti-PAD-4 antibodies that can activate or inhibit citrullination. METHODS To test whether autoantibodies to PAD-4 influence citrullination, an in-house citrullination assay was developed using purified autoantibodies to PAD-4. To map B cell epitopes on PAD-4, 65 overlapping 20-mer peptides encompassing the entire PAD-4 were analyzed for their reactivity in RA sera. RESULTS Autoantibodies to PAD-4 inhibited PAD-4-mediated citrullination. Three linear peptides on PAD-4 were recognized almost uniquely by PAD-4 autoantibodies in the sera of patients with RA. One peptide was located in the N-terminal, calcium-binding domain of PAD-4, while 2 other peptides were located in the C-terminal, substrate-binding domain of PAD-4. CONCLUSION Autoantibodies to PAD-4 inhibit in vitro citrullination of fibrinogen by PAD-4. Most anti-PAD-4-positive sera recognize peptides located both in the N-terminal domain (211-290) and the C-terminal domain (601-650) of PAD-4.
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Harris ML, Darrah E, Lam GK, Bartlett SJ, Giles JT, Grant AV, Gao P, Scott WW, El-Gabalawy H, Casciola-Rosen L, Barnes KC, Bathon JM, Rosen A. Association of autoimmunity to peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 with genotype and disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:1958-67. [PMID: 18576335 DOI: 10.1002/art.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein citrullination is an important posttranslational modification recognized by rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific autoantibodies. One of the citrullinating enzymes, peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD-4), is genetically associated with development of RA in some populations, although the mechanism(s) mediating this effect are not yet clear. There have been descriptions of anti-PAD-4 autoantibodies in different rheumatic diseases. This study was undertaken to investigate whether anti-PAD-4 antibodies are specific to RA, are associated with disease phenotype or severity, and whether PAD-4 polymorphisms influence the anti-PAD-4 autoantibody response. METHODS Sera from patients with established RA, patients with other rheumatic diseases, and healthy adults were assayed for anti-PAD-4 autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation of in vitro-translated PAD-4. The epitope(s) recognized by PAD-4 autoantibodies were mapped using various PAD-4 truncations. PAD-4 genotyping was performed on RA patients with the TaqMan assay. Joint erosions were scored from hand and foot radiographs using the Sharp/van der Heijde method. RESULTS PAD-4 autoantibodies were found in 36-42% of RA patients, and were very infrequent in controls. Recognition by anti-PAD-4 autoantibodies required the 119 N-terminal amino acids, which encompass the 3 nonsynonymous polymorphisms associated with disease susceptibility. Strikingly, the anti-PAD-4 immune response was associated with the RA susceptibility haplotype of PADI4. Anti-PAD-4 antibodies were associated with more severe joint destruction in RA. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that anti-PAD-4 antibodies are specific markers of RA, independently associated with more severe disease, suggesting that an anti-PAD-4 immune response may be involved in pathways of joint damage in this disease. Polymorphisms in the PADI4 gene influence the immune response to the PAD-4 protein, potentially contributing to disease propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Harris
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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15
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Cantaert T, Kolln J, Timmer T, van der Pouw Kraan TC, Vandooren B, Thurlings RM, Cañete JD, Catrina AI, Out T, Verweij CL, Zhang Y, Tak PP, Baeten D. B lymphocyte autoimmunity in rheumatoid synovitis is independent of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:785-94. [PMID: 18566445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte autoimmunity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The local production of autoantibodies and the presence of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in the rheumatoid synovium suggest that these dedicated microenvironments resembling canonical lymphoid follicles may regulate the initiation and maturation of B cell autoimmunity. In this study, we assessed experimentally the relevance of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis for B cell autoimmunity by a detailed structural, molecular, and serological analysis of seropositive and seronegative human synovitis. We demonstrate that synovial lymphoid neogenesis is a reversible process associated with inflammation which is neither restricted to nor preferentially associated with autoantibody positive rheumatic conditions. Despite the abundant expression of key chemokines and cytokines required for full differentiation toward germinal center reactions, synovial lymphoid neogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis only occasionally progresses toward fully differentiated follicles. In agreement with that observation, we could not detect Ag-driven clonal expansion and affinity maturation of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, ectopic lymphoid neogenesis is not directly associated with local production of anti-citrullinated protein Abs and rheumatoid factor in the rheumatoid joint. Therefore, we conclude that synovial lymphoid neogenesis is not a major determinant of these rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Cantaert
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Chen CC, Isomoto H, Narumi Y, Sato K, Oishi Y, Kobayashi T, Yanagihara K, Mizuta Y, Kohno S, Tsukamoto K. Haplotypes of PADI4 susceptible to rheumatoid arthritis are also associated with ulcerative colitis in the Japanese population. Clin Immunol 2008; 126:165-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 09/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Suzuki A, Yamada R, Yamamoto K. Citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1108:323-39. [PMID: 17893996 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1422.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex, multifactorial disease with genetic and immunological aspects. Because RA is an autoimmune condition, dysregulation of the immune system is implied. Many linkage and association studies have also indicated that multiple genetic factors are associated with RA. Although the contribution of each genetic factor is small, the combination of these factors affects RA development. Previous studies have suggested that genetic changes affect the internal immunological environment, which results in autoimmune diseases. More recent genetic studies indicate that the HLA-DRB gene is the predominant cause of RA and that other non-HLA genes are also involved. We reported that peptidylarginine deiminase (gene name abbreviated to PADI, protein name abbreviated to PAD) type 4 is the one of the non-HLA genetic factors involved in RA via citrullination. Antibodies against citrullinated proteins/peptides are highly specific to RA, but the physiological roles of PADI gene, PAD proteins as their products and citrullinated proteins/peptides are obscure. However, levels of anticitrullinated protein antibodies are apparently also increased and were involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). These data suggested that citrullinated protein and anticitrullinated protein antibodies play important roles in the development of RA. This review summarizes the relationship between RA and citrullination, as well as the role of PADI4 genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Cha S, Choi CB, Han TU, Kang CP, Kang C, Bae SC. Association of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels with PADI4 haplotypes in early rheumatoid arthritis and with shared epitope alleles in very late rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1454-63. [PMID: 17469103 DOI: 10.1002/art.22570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies are rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific serologic markers. RA susceptibility has been associated with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes in the peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 gene (PADI4). This study was undertaken to determine whether anti-CCP levels are associated with PADI4 haplotypes and/or SE alleles in Korean patients with RA. METHODS Three nonsynonymous SNPs in PADI4 (padi4_89, padi4_90, and padi4_92) and SE alleles were genotyped, and serum anti-CCP levels were measured, in 311 patients with nonerosive or erosive RA. The relationships between anti-CCP levels and PADI4 haplotypes and/or SE alleles were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Anti-CCP levels were significantly higher in patients carrying the PADI4 RA risk haplotype than in patients who did not have the risk haplotype, among anti-CCP-positive patients with RA with a disease duration of <or=34 months (P = 0.041), but not among patients with a longer disease duration or among those who had erosive RA versus nonerosive RA. In contrast, the levels were significantly higher in SE carriers than in noncarriers among patients with RA with a disease duration of >or=141 months (P = 0.0037) and among those who had erosive RA (P = 0.000098), but not among patients who had a shorter disease duration or those who had nonerosive RA. CONCLUSION The PADI4 RA risk haplotype is associated with increased anti-CCP levels in RA patients with disease of short duration, and PADI4 may play a role in early RA. In contrast, SE alleles are associated with increased anti-CCP levels in RA patients with very longstanding disease and in patients with erosive RA, suggesting that SE alleles play a role in very late RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Cha
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Tilleman K, Union A, Cantaert T, De Keyser S, Daniels A, Elewaut D, De Keyser F, Deforce D. In pursuit of B-cell synovial autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis: Confirmation of citrullinated fibrinogen, detection of vimentin, and introducing carbonic anhydrase as a possible new synovial autoantigen. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:32-46. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200600221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hoppe B, Häupl T, Gruber R, Kiesewetter H, Burmester GR, Salama A, Dörner T. Detailed analysis of the variability of peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 in German patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:R34. [PMID: 16469113 PMCID: PMC1526594 DOI: 10.1186/ar1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) genotypes were shown to influence susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Japanese population. Such an association could not previously be confirmed in different European populations. In the present study, we analysed exons 2-4 of PADI4 in 102 German RA patients and 102 healthy individuals to study the influence of PADI4 variability on RA susceptibility by means of haplotype-specific DNA sequencing. Analyses of the influence of PADI4 and HLA-DRB1 genotypes on disease activity and on levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies were performed. Comparing the frequencies of PADI4 haplotype 4 (padi4_89*G, padi4_90*T, padi4_92*G, padi4_94*T, padi4_104*C, padi4_95*G, padi4_96*T) (patients, 14.7%; controls, 7.8%; odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-3.8) and carriers of this haplotype (patients, 27.5%; controls, 13.7%; odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-4.8), a significant positive association of PADI4 haplotype 4 with RA could be demonstrated. Other PADI4 haplotypes did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Regarding the individual PADI4 variants, padi4_89 (A-->G), padi4_90 (C-->T), and padi4_94 (C-->T) were significantly associated with RA (patients, 49.5%; controls, 38.7%; odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.3). Considering novel PADI4 variants located in or near to exons 2, 3, and 4, no quantitative or qualitative differences between RA patients (8.8%) and healthy controls (10.8%) could be demonstrated. While the PADI4 genotype did not influence disease activity and the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody level, the presence of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope was significantly associated with higher anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels (P = 0.033). The results of this small case-control study support the hypothesis that variability of the PADI4 gene may influence susceptibility to RA in the German population. Quantitative or qualitative differences in previously undefined PADI4 variants between patients and controls could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Hoppe
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Gruber
- Out-Patient Clinic for Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Holger Kiesewetter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdulgabar Salama
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Cantaert T, De Rycke L, Bongartz T, Matteson EL, Tak PP, Nicholas AP, Baeten D. Citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis: Crucial … but not sufficient! ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:3381-9. [PMID: 17075816 DOI: 10.1002/art.22206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Martinez A, Valdivia A, Pascual-Salcedo D, Lamas JR, Fernández-Arquero M, Balsa A, Fernández-Gutiérrez B, de la Concha EG, Urcelay E. PADI4 polymorphisms are not associated with rheumatoid arthritis in the Spanish population. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:1263-6. [PMID: 15998632 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The presence of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies is the most specific serological marker known of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The PADI4 gene, encoding a haematopoietic isoform of the peptidylarginine deiminase citrullinating enzyme, has recently been associated with susceptibility to RA in the Japanese population. A subsequent UK report could not confirm this association, and a later French study also yielded a negative result. Given this discrepancy and the importance of antibodies against citrullinated peptides in the early course of the disease, we performed a replication study. METHODS Three hundred and fifty-four Spanish RA patients and 498 Spanish controls were recruited from two Madrid hospitals. The padi4_104 and padi4_94 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analysed by TaqMan assays. RESULTS Similarly to what was described in the British and French population, the less frequent allele of this SNP was not associated with the disease (genotype TT, 16.1% in RA patients vs 14.3% in controls; P = 0.46, odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.78-1.71). A confirmatory negative result was obtained on analysing another SNP in the same gene, padi4_94, in 248 RA patients and 394 controls. CONCLUSIONS The results of our group and from the British and French studies strongly suggest that polymorphisms of the PADI4 gene do not play a role in susceptibility to RA in European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, C/Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Kang CP, Lee HS, Ju H, Cho H, Kang C, Bae SC. A functional haplotype of thePADI4 gene associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Koreans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 54:90-6. [PMID: 16385500 DOI: 10.1002/art.21536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anticitrullinating autoantibodies are specific markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A functional haplotype of 4 exonic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a citrullinating enzyme, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), was shown to be associated with susceptibility to RA in a Japanese population and was shown to increase the stability of PADI4 messenger RNA. However, the association was not confirmed in 4 subsequent studies involving Caucasian RA patients living in the UK, a French Caucasian population, and a Spanish population. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of SNPs in the PADI4 gene with RA in a Korean population. METHODS Four exonic SNPs of the PADI4 gene (padi4_89, padi4_90, padi4_92, and padi4_104) were genotyped in 545 unrelated patients with RA and 392 controls, using the MassArray SNP genotyping system. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic associations of the SNPs with RA susceptibility were examined using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Increased RA susceptibility was significantly associated with the minor alleles of padi4_89 (P = 2.3 x 10(-5)), padi4_90 (P = 2.3 x 10(-5)), padi4_92 (P = 2.1 x 10(-5)), and padi4_104 (P = 1.1 x 10(-3)) and the haplotype carrying the 4 minor alleles (P = 1.0 x 10(-4)). Genotypes carrying the minor alleles and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles (P = 9.4 x 10(-21)) were also associated with increased RA susceptibility. The genotypic associations were sustained among individuals who did not carry any SE alleles, except in the case of padi4_104. Individuals carrying the risk SNPs and/or SE alleles were more susceptible to RA than were individuals carrying neither risk SNPs nor SE alleles. CONCLUSION The PADI4 SNPs and haplotypes are associated with RA susceptibility in Koreans. Thus, the association of PADI4 with RA may depend on genetic heterogeneity between Asians and Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoo Paul Kang
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
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