Tibialis anterior muscle hernia: a rare differential of a soft tissue tumour

Semimembranosus: A Rare Muscle Herniation and Review of the Literature

Extremity muscle hernias are rare pathologies, most of which are managed conservatively. In symptomatic cases, surgical intervention may be required. This study represents a case of a rarer muscle hernia, semimembranosus, in a 43-year-old patient and describes the surgical technique of grafting with synthetic nonabsorbable polypropylene surgical mesh as well as the review of the literature about extremity muscle hernias.

Tibialis Anterior Muscle Hernia in a Young Woman

Muscle herniation is defined as a myofascial defect resulting in protruding of the muscle through the fascia covering it. It can present anywhere in the body, the most common is the lower limbs. Tibialis muscle herniation is considered a rare entity with few reported cases. Here, we present the case of a 24-year-old Saudi female patient who complained of swelling and pain in the anterior aspect of the left leg for three months. She underwent surgical repair of the fascia with a good outcome. This case presentation aims to contribute to the literature on myofascial herniation by specifically addressing tibialis anterior herniation of the leg and emphasizing the importance of considering it a differential diagnosis in similar presentations. This report highlights the excellent surgical outcomes and satisfactory results in patients with muscle herniation.

Myotendinous pseudomasses: an imaging review

A mass or a tumor may not always be an underlying cause for a clinically apparent swelling. A wide range of myotendinous disorders can present as pseudomasses. These include muscle/myofascial hernia, tendon tears, benign hypertrophy, accessory muscles, tendon xanthomas, diffuse myositis, and exertional compartment syndromes. We have briefly reviewed these lesions highlighting their typical radiological findings and have also highlighted the role of different imaging modalities and the role of dynamic imaging. Although rare, radiologists should be aware of these entities to avoid mislabeling a pseudomass as a mass or malignancy and to detect the abnormality in not-so-apparent masses.

Fascial Hernia After Traumatic Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Cause of Chronic Leg Pain: A Report of 2 Cases

CASE

This report reviews 2 cases of chronic lower extremity pain after traumatic tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail fixation. After examination and radiographic evaluation, clinical suspicion and pressure manometry were used to identify fascial herniation and indicate patients for fasciotomy, which ultimately relieved pain.

CONCLUSIONS

Lower extremity fascial hernias typically present with nonspecific chronic pain. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to confirm diagnosis. However, in patients with implanted hardware, MRI may be ineffective in detecting hernias because of artifact. Clinical suspicion and pressure manometry are effective ways of identifying patients with this etiology of chronic pain.

Tibialis anterior muscle herniation in adolescents: A case series and review of the literature

Anterior tibialis muscle herniation is an important diagnostic consideration in children and adolescents presenting with lower extremity subcutaneous nodules. We report four cases of teenagers presenting with asymptomatic nodules in the lower extremities and discuss diagnostic features and treatment recommendations.

Bilateral non-traumatic lower leg fascial defects causing peroneal muscle herniation and novel use of a GraftJacket to repair the fascial defect

Constitutional bilateral defects in the peroneal fascial compartment leading to muscle herniation are extremely rare. We present the case of a twenty-nine year old male carpenter with non-traumatic bilateral peroneal fascial defects, in which the symptomatic right side was successfully repaired using a GraftJacket^®. This case report highlights the need for clinicians to remain aware of the diagnosis of muscle herniation as a cause of a painful mass in the lower limbs, especially when related to exercise. The judicious use of further imaging such as ultrasound in combination with MRI can be useful in differentiating a muscle hernia from other more sinister causes, such as malignancy.

Semimembranosus muscle herniation: a rare case with emphasis on muscle biomechanics

Muscle herniations are rare and most reported cases involve muscles of the lower leg. We use a case of muscle herniation involving the semimembranosus muscle, presenting as a painful mass in an adolescent male after an unspecified American football injury, to highlight a simple concept of muscle biomechanics as it pertains to muscle hernia(s): decreased traction upon muscle fibers can increase conspicuity of muscle herniation(s)-this allows a better understanding of the apt provocative maneuvers to employ, during dynamic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, in order to maximize diagnostic yield and, thereby, limit patient morbidity related to any muscle herniation. Our patient subsequently underwent successful decompressive fasciotomy and has since returned to his normal daily activities.