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Asare FA, Anderson RS, Mulholland PJ, Little JA. Mesopic conditions optimise the detection of visual function loss in drivers with simulated media opacity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13165. [PMID: 35915231 PMCID: PMC9343380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drivers have different visual demands across varying contrast and luminance conditions. However, vision assessments for driving are typically conducted under photopic conditions. This study investigated the sensitivity of photopic and mesopic conditions to detect contrast sensitivity (CS) loss in drivers with simulated media opacities. CS was measured in forty-seven healthy drivers aged 18–50 years (mean ± SD: 25.5 ± 6.5) under photopic and mesopic-adapted luminance levels with the Pelli-Robson chart and the Mesotest II (without glare). Media opacities were simulated using white-opacity containing Lee Fog filters (1–5) and CS measured in a randomised order. A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in photopic CS (logCS) was measured with the Pelli-Robson chart only when media opacity was simulated with Fog filter 5 (1.53 ± 0.15, 2.8 triplets reduction) compared to baseline (1.95 ± 0.03). Mean mesopic CS demonstrated a significant (all p < 0.001) reduction from baseline (1.67 ± 0.14) for Fog filters 3 (1.4 triplets, 1.45 ± 0.16), 4 (2.4 triplets, 1.31 ± 0.14) and 5 (4.3 triplets, 1.02 ± 0.15). For Mesotest II, only Fog filter 5 produced a significant reduction (0.10 ± 0.09; p < 0.001) in mean mesopic CS from baseline (0.30 ± 0.01). Mesopic CS is more vulnerable to different levels of simulated media opacity, hence should be considered clinically when assessing visual function in older drivers at risk of media opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Asare
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
| | - Roger S Anderson
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Pádraig J Mulholland
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Julie-Anne Little
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Sandvik GF, Rand‐Hendriksen S, Drolsum L, Kristianslund O. Photophobia and disability glare in adult patients with Marfan syndrome: a case-control study. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:337-343. [PMID: 34173343 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate photophobia and disability glare in adult patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS). METHODS In this case-control study, 44 patients with MFS (87 eyes) were compared to 44 controls (88 eyes), who were matched for age and sex. The subjects were asked to grade their photophobia and glare using 10-cm visual analogue scales (VAS), which were marked with 'never' at zero and 'always' at 10 -cm. In addition, disability glare was measured with C-Quant straylight meter. RESULTS The patients with MFS had significantly higher VAS scores than the controls in four out of seven statements related to photophobia and glare. When including cataract, spherical equivalent, iris colour, axial length and corneal curvature, three of the seven statements were still significantly different between the two groups. The mean straylight values were 1.29 ± 0.03 log(s) in the MFS group and 1.01 ± 0.03 log(s) in the control group (p < 0.001, mixed model). These differences remained significant after adjusting for cataract, spherical equivalent, iris colour, axial length and corneal curvature. CONCLUSION Patients with MFS reported more photophobia and had a higher straylight value than the control group. Awareness of these findings of more photophobia and glare in the MFS patients is important when counselling and treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhild Falleth Sandvik
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Svend Rand‐Hendriksen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital Nesodden Norway
| | - Liv Drolsum
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Olav Kristianslund
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Speed management across road environments of varying complexities and self-regulation behaviors in drivers with cataract. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6951. [PMID: 35484276 PMCID: PMC9051061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that drivers with cataract self-regulate their driving, but there is a lack of objective information. This study compared speed behavior in older drivers with and without cataract and how the parameter is influenced by road traffic complexity and driver characteristics. The study included 15 drivers with cataract and a control group of 20 drivers. Visual status was assessed using visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and intraocular straylight. Speed management was studied using a driving simulator. Driving difficulty and self-regulation patterns were evaluated by means of the Driver Habits Questionnaire (DHQ). The cataract group showed a significant decrease in visual function in all the parameters evaluated (p < 0.05). These drivers tended to drive at lower speeds than the control group. Road characteristics, gender, and intraocular straylight in the better eye were identified as significant predictors of speed management. Drivers with cataract experience greater driving difficulty, particularly when driving at night (p < 0.05). Drivers with cataract reduce their driving speed more than older drivers without visual impairment. The straylight parameter may be a good indicator of each driver's subjective perception of their own visual ability to drive. This work helps shed light on the mechanisms through which age-related visual impairment influences driving behavior.
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Morthen MK, Magno MS, Utheim TP, Snieder H, Jansonius N, Hammond CJ, Vehof J. The vision-related burden of dry eye. Ocul Surf 2021; 23:207-215. [PMID: 34743866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) and vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) at population level. METHODS DED and VR-QoL were assessed in 89,022 participants (18-96 years, 59% female) from the Dutch population-based Lifelines cohort using the Women's Health study (WHS) and Visual function 25 (VFQ25) questionnaires. The relationship between DED and compromised VR-QoL was assessed with logistic regression, corrected for age, sex, BMI, income, education, smoking, and 55 comorbidities. RESULTS 9.1% of participants had DED. The participants with DED had higher risk of compromised average of ten domains of VR-QoL (OR 3.12 (95% CI 2.98-3.27) corrected for age, sex, BMI, income, smoking, and 55 comorbidities). Increasing symptom frequency was highly associated with decreasing VR-QoL (P < 0.0005). In all VR-QoL domains, including measures of daily visual function and emotional well-being, DED was clearly associated with compromised VR-QoL. Compared to macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and allergic conjunctivitis, DED presented similar or higher risks for compromised score on all VR-QoL domains. The population-attributable fraction of DED for compromised general vision exceeded that of other eye diseases investigated, especially in the younger age groups. CONCLUSION DED is associated with reductions in all domains of VR-QoL, also after correction for associated comorbidities. We found that DED imposes an extensive population burden regarding compromised VR-QoL due to its high prevalence and substantial impact on VR-QoL, higher than that for other common vision-affecting eye disorders. Our results emphasize the importance of recognizing DED as a serious disorder from both patient and public health perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kaurstad Morthen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Schjerven Magno
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nomdo Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, Waterloo, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, Waterloo, London, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, Waterloo, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
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Montés-Micó R, Cerviño A, Martínez-Albert N, García-Marqués JV, Marie S. Performance of a new device for the clinical determination of light discomfort. Expert Rev Med Devices 2020; 17:1221-1230. [PMID: 33054420 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2020.1837623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the performance of a new device for the clinical determination of light discomfort on a large sample of healthy human subjects. METHODS A total of 489 subjects ranging from 20 to 70 years old (241 men, 248 women) were evaluated with the LUMIZ™ 100 to determine light discomfort. Repeatability was assessed by means of within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Repeated measures ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and correlation analysis were applied to test for differences between repeated measures, and effect of age on reliability. RESULTS Discomfort thresholds obtained are well distributed across the light intensity range available (25 to 10211 lux). Intrasession ICCs are higher than 0.849 for all thresholds, and 85% of CoV are below 10%. Thresholds obtained in the first set of measurements are highly correlated with the median of three sets (r2 > 0.8). Intersession, 64% of CoV are below 10%. Age does not affect discomfort thresholds (p = 0.30), nor affect reliability (variance on CoV, p = 0.368). CONCLUSIONS The new device provides good intrasession repeatability for the clinical determination of light discomfort thresholds, although variance is slightly greater between sessions. The system is useful for the clinical determination of light discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Montés-Micó
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cerviño
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain
| | - Noelia Martínez-Albert
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain
| | - José V García-Marqués
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sarah Marie
- Light and Life Vision Sciences R&D, Essilor International , Paris, France
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Ortiz-Peregrina S, Ortiz C, Salas C, Casares-López M, Soler M, Anera RG. Intraocular scattering as a predictor of driving performance in older adults with cataracts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227892. [PMID: 31935273 PMCID: PMC6959599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts can limit a person’s ability to perform vision-dependent tasks safely, affecting the quality of life of older people. This study examines the relationship between visual function and driving, by studying which visual parameters might be important for predicting driving performance in older drivers with and without cataracts, ascertaining whether the objective measurement of intraocular scattering should be considered in assessment procedures for older drivers. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 20 older drivers (10 patients with bilateral cataracts and 10 control subjects). All participants were examined for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual discrimination capacity, and intraocular scattering. Driving performance was also tested using a driving simulator. To study the relationship between visual parameters and driving performance, a correlation analysis and regression model were used. Drivers with cataracts showed a significantly impaired (p<0.05) visual function, with an Objective Scattering Index (OSI) 3.5 times greater than the control group. Driving performance was also significantly worse (p<0.05) in drivers with cataracts, reflected by a notable deterioration in lane keeping. The correlation analysis showed significant associations between driving performance and all the visual parameters studied. Finally, the regression model revealed that the OSI was the best predictor of driving performance, accounting for 51.3% of its variance. Visual function and driving performance are markedly deteriorated when cataracts are present. Our results demonstrate that the objective scattering index (OSI) has a high predictive power when it comes to simulated driving performance in older drivers, both with and without cataracts, suggesting that scatter measurements could be important in helping better understand visual limitations in older drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ortiz-Peregrina
- Department of Optics, Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortiz
- Department of Optics, Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, University of Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos Salas
- Department of Optics, Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Miriam Casares-López
- Department of Optics, Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Soler
- Department of Optics, Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario G. Anera
- Department of Optics, Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, University of Granada, Spain
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Paz-Filgueira C, Colombo EM. Quantifying the effect of straylight on photopic contrast sensitivity. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:1124-1130. [PMID: 30110304 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The visual performance of a reference group (RG) using diffuser filters was compared to a cataract-diagnosed group (CatG). Measurements of straylight (SL) parameter, photopic contrast sensitivity (CS), and visual acuity (VA) were carried out in both groups. Before the analysis, the performance of the instruments used for this purpose was tested. The RG was comprised of three healthy, young eyes (25-30 years old) while 59 subjects (aged 50-80 years old) with lens opacities were recruited for the CatG. Six diffuser conditions were tested in the RG. To discriminate between light scattering levels, SL measurements proved to be most sensitive, VA did not discriminate at all, while CS showed intermediate sensitivity. VA was not correlated with SL, while the correlation between CS and SL was significant (p<0.05) in both groups. Since the correlation in the RG was particularly strong, parameters of a linear regression model are presented. The behavior of CS as a function of SL was comparable to some extent between RG and CatG.
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Lenton L. Visual performance in a flight simulator: multifocal intraocular lenses in pilots. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2018; 3:e000139. [PMID: 30123845 PMCID: PMC6093254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the performance of adults with multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) in a realistic flight simulator with age-matched adults with monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods and Analysis Twenty-five adults ≥60 years with either bilateral MIOL or bilateral IOL implantation were enrolled. Visual function tests included visual acuity and contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic conditions, defocus curves and low luminance contrast sensitivity tests in the presence and absence of glare (Mesotest II), as well as halo size measurement using an app-based halometer (Aston halometer). Flight simulator performance was assessed in a fixed-based flight simulator (PS4.5). Subjects completed three simulated landing runs in both daytime and night-time conditions in a randomised order, including a series of visual tasks critical for safety. Results Of the 25 age-matched enrolled subjects, 13 had bilateral MIOLs and 12 had bilateral IOLs. Photopic and mesopic visual acuity or contrast sensitivity were not significantly different between the groups. Larger halo areas were seen in the MIOL group and Mesotest values were significantly worse in the MIOL group, both with and without glare. The defocus curves showed better uncorrected visual acuity at intermediate and near distances for the MIOL group. There were no significant differences regarding performance of the vision-related flight simulator tasks between both groups. Conclusions The performance of visually related flight simulator tasks was not significantly impaired in older adults with MIOLs compared with age-matched adults with monofocal IOLs. These findings suggest that MIOLs do not impair visual performance in a flight simulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Lenton
- Vision Eye Institute Clinic, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Nischler C, Michael R, Wintersteller C, Marvan P, Emesz M, Van Rijn LJ, Van Den Berg TJ, Wilhelm H, Coeckelbergh T, Barraquer RI, Grabner G, Hitzl W. Cataract and Pseudophakia in Elderly European Drivers. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 20:892-901. [DOI: 10.1177/112067211002000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nischler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | | | - Christine Wintersteller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | - Patrick Marvan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | - Martin Emesz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | | | | | - Helmut Wilhelm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen - Germany
| | - Tanja Coeckelbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Antwerpen - Belgium
| | | | - Günther Grabner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
- Research Office, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
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Paz Filgueira C, Sánchez RF, Issolio LA, Colombo EM. Straylight and Visual Quality on Early Nuclear and Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1209-15. [PMID: 26766561 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure log(s) and OSI parameters, both related to forward light scattering in the eye, in subjects with different kinds of early cataracts-nuclear or posterior subcapsular-and corrected visual acuity (CVA). METHODS 34 eyes of 19 patients ranged between 50 and 75 years old with diagnosed nuclear (14 eyes) or posterior subcapsular cataract (20 eyes) were recruited. Only NO1, NO2, P1, and P2 opacity scores according to LOCS III were included. Observer examination included visual acuity, contrast threshold (Ct), and measurements performed by straylightmeter (straylight parameter log(s)) and double-pass instrument (objective scatter index (OSI)). RESULTS OSI and log(s) were correlated with LOCSIII in nuclear opacities (p = 0.015 and 0.004, respectively) and in the whole data (p = 0.027 and 0.019, respectively) but did not for posterior subcapsular opacities alone. OSI was strongly correlated with log(s) in nuclear (r = 0.885 and p < 0.001) but not in posterior subcapsular cases (r = 0.382 and p = 0.097). Ct was correlated with log(s) for both cataract types (p = 0.043 for nuclear and p= 0.005 for posterior subcapsular cataract) but not with OSI (p = 0.093 for nuclear and p = 0.064 for posterior subcapsular cataract). CONCLUSIONS OSI and log(s) discriminate early stages of nuclear cataracts when taking LOCS III as reference, so these opacities could be graded by any of those parameters. LOCSIII does not represent the visual condition for posterior subcapsular cataract. Straylightmeter measurements express the loss in contrast sensitivity caused by nuclear and posterior subcapsular opacities. Studies of lens opacities must be separated according to the type of opacity present in eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Paz Filgueira
- a Departamento de Luminotecnia, Luz y Visión (DLLyV), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) Tucumán , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigación en Luz, Ambiente y Visión (ILAV), CONICET-UNT , Tucumán , Argentina
| | - Roberto F Sánchez
- a Departamento de Luminotecnia, Luz y Visión (DLLyV), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) Tucumán , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigación en Luz, Ambiente y Visión (ILAV), CONICET-UNT , Tucumán , Argentina
| | - Luis A Issolio
- a Departamento de Luminotecnia, Luz y Visión (DLLyV), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) Tucumán , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigación en Luz, Ambiente y Visión (ILAV), CONICET-UNT , Tucumán , Argentina
| | - Elisa M Colombo
- a Departamento de Luminotecnia, Luz y Visión (DLLyV), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) Tucumán , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigación en Luz, Ambiente y Visión (ILAV), CONICET-UNT , Tucumán , Argentina
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Marked dissociation of photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity even in normal observers. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 254:373-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Attenuating Photostress and Glare Disability in Pseudophakic Patients through the Addition of a Short-Wave Absorbing Filter. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:607635. [PMID: 25838942 PMCID: PMC4370187 DOI: 10.1155/2015/607635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of filtering short wavelength light on visual performance under intense light conditions among pseudophakic patients previously implanted with a clear intraocular lens (IOL). This was a patient-masked, randomized crossover study conducted at 6 clinical sites in the United States between September 2013 and January 2014. One hundred fifty-four bilaterally pseudophakic patients were recruited. Photostress recovery time and glare disability thresholds were measured with clip-on blue-light-filtering and placebo (clear; no blue-light filtration) glasses worn over patients' habitual correction. Photostress recovery time was quantified as the time necessary to regain sight of a grating target after intense light exposure. Glare disability threshold was assessed as the intensity of a white-light annulus necessary to obscure a central target. The order of filter used and test eye were randomized across patients. Photostress recovery time and glare disability thresholds were significantly improved (both P < 0.0001) when patients used blue-light-filtering glasses compared with clear, nonfiltering glasses. Compared with a nonfiltering placebo, adding a clip-on blue-absorbing filter to the glasses of pseudophakic patients implanted with clear IOLs significantly increased their ability to cope with glare and to recover normal viewing after an intensive photostress. This result implies that IOL designs with blue-light-filtering characteristics may be beneficial under intense light conditions.
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Drum B, Calogero D, Rorer E. Assessment of visual performance in the evaluation of new medical products. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 4:55-61. [PMID: 24980842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
When evaluating how a medical product affects vision, it is important to assess how that product affects the ability to function in real life, not only the ability to read letters on a vision chart. Nevertheless, the measurement of visual acuity with a vision chart remains the primary test of the effects of medical products on vision. Here, we review efforts to identify reliable, cost-effective clinical tests to serve as surrogate measures of functional visual performance.:
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Affiliation(s)
- B Drum
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Device Evaluation, Division of Ophthalmic and ENT Devices, 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - D Calogero
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Device Evaluation, Division of Ophthalmic and ENT Devices, 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - E Rorer
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Device Evaluation, Division of Ophthalmic and ENT Devices, 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Kim IH, Hwang HB, Shin SJ, Chung SK. Comparison of Intraocular Straylight in Patients with Clear and Photochromic Intraocular Lenses. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In Hyuk Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahmyook Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Bin Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahmyook Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kun Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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van den Berg TJTP, Franssen L, Kruijt B, Coppens JE. History of ocular straylight measurement: A review. Z Med Phys 2012. [PMID: 23182462 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The earliest studies on 'disability glare' date from the early 20(th) century. The condition was defined as the negative effect on visual function of a bright light located at some distance in the visual field. It was found that for larger angles (>1 degree) the functional effect corresponded precisely to the effect of a light with a luminosity equal to that of the light that is perceived spreading around such a bright source. This perceived spreading of light was called straylight and by international standard disability glare was defined as identical to straylight. The phenomenon was recognized in the ophthalmological community as an important aspect of the quality of vision and attempts were made to design instruments to measure it. This must not be confused with instruments that assess light spreading over small distances (<1 degree), as originating from (higher order) aberrations and defocus. In recent years a new instrument has gained acceptance (C-Quant) for objective and controllable assessment of straylight in the clinical setting. This overview provides a sketch of the historical development of straylight measurement, as well as the results of studies on the origins of straylight (or disability glare) in the normal eye, and on findings on cataract (surgery) and corneal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J T P van den Berg
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Jinabhai A, O’Donnell C, Radhakrishnan H, Nourrit V. Forward light scatter and contrast sensitivity in keratoconic patients. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2012; 35:22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Song YK, Choe CM, Kim SS, Lee HK. Quantitative Measurement of Glare Disability Using a Glaremeter. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2012.53.7.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kyung Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Reproducibility of straylight measurement by C-Quant for assessment of retinal straylight using the compensation comparison method. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 249:1367-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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van Bree MC, van Verre HP, Devreese MT, Larminier F, van den Berg TJ. Straylight Values after Refractive Surgery: Screening for Ocular Fitness in Demanding Professions. Ophthalmology 2011; 118:945-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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20
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Schulz BW. Minimum toe clearance adaptations to floor surface irregularity and gait speed. J Biomech 2011; 44:1277-84. [PMID: 21354576 PMCID: PMC5375113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Toe speed during gait generally nears its maximum while its height reaches a local minima approximately halfway through swing phase. Trips are thought to frequently occur at these local minima (minimum toe clearance or MTC events) and trip risk has been quantified using the minimum distance between the toe and ground here (MTC). This study investigated MTC on floor surfaces with and without multiple small obstacles. After shoes and floor surfaces were digitized, 14 unimpaired subjects (half women) each traversed a 4.88 m walkway 4 times at slow, preferred, and fast speeds across surfaces with no obstacles, visible obstacles, and hidden obstacles. Both surfaces with obstacles had the same random obstacle configuration. Shoe and body segment motions were tracked using passive markers and MTC and joint kinematics calculated. All MTC and kinematic variables tested significantly increased with faster instructed gait speed except the likelihood of MTC event occurrence (local minima in minimum toe clearance trajectory when foot is in upper quartile of speed). MTC events were less frequent for swing phases on surfaces with obstacles (80% vs. 98% for no obstacles). MTC values, when present, were doubled by the presence of visible obstacles (22.2 ± 7.3mm vs. 11.1 ± 5.7 mm) and further increased to 26.8 ± 7.1mm when these obstacles were hidden from view (all comparisons p ≤ 0.0003). These substantial floor surface-related changes in MTC event occurrences and values resulted from alterations in toe- and heel-clearance trajectories caused by subtle but significant changes in joint kinematics that did not exceed 10% each joint's swing phase range of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Schulz
- VA HSR&D/RR&D Center of Excellence in Maximizing Rehabilitation Outcomes, James A. Haley VA Hospital, 8900 Grand Oak Circle, Room 149, Tampa, FL 33637-1022, USA.
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van Rijn LJ, Nischler C, Michael R, Heine C, Coeckelbergh T, Wilhelm H, Grabner G, Barraquer RI, van den Berg TJTP. Prevalence of impairment of visual function in European drivers. Acta Ophthalmol 2011; 89:124-31. [PMID: 19832733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of impairment of visual function amongst European drivers. METHODS A total of 2422 drivers from five European countries underwent a battery of visual function tests, including tests for visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF), contrast sensitivity, straylight (glare sensitivity) and useful field of view (UFOV). Subjects belonged to the following age categories: 45-54 years; 55-64 years; 65-74 years, and ≥ 75 years. A group of subjects aged 20-30 years served as a reference group. Results were compared with current standards for the visual function of drivers in the EU. RESULTS Visual acuity in 0.5% of the younger group and 5.3% of the eldest group was below the standard required for driving. Visual acuity after proper refraction adhered to the standard in the majority of cases. Visual field results were below standard or questionable in 2.7% and 2.4%, respectively, of subjects in the eldest group. In this eldest group, impaired contrast sensitivity was present in 6.3%, increased glare sensitivity in 29.5% and impaired UFOV in 21.6% of subjects, but, as there are no standards for these criteria, the exact level of prevalence depends on the definition of impairment. CONCLUSIONS Prevalences of impairment of visual functions that are not included in current standards (particularly contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity) are much higher than prevalences of functions that are included (VA and VF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentius J van Rijn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Lee SY, Oh JH. Straylight in Normal and Cataractous Eyes of Koreans. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2011.52.2.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung Hyub Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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23
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The effect on visual function of Hydroview intraocular lens opacification: a cross-sectional study. Eye (Lond) 2010; 24:1590-8. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2010.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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García-Lázaro S, Ferrer-Blasco T, Ortí-Navarro S, Cerviño A, Montés-Micó R. Relevance of pupil size in the clinical determination of retinal straylight on young healthy human eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 248:395-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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25
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Fortuin MF, Schilperoort J, Evans BJW, Edgar DF, van den Berg TJTP, Kiers H. Randomised controlled trial of the effects of two rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens materials and two surface cleaners on straylight values. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2009; 29:497-508. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Vignal R, Tanzer D, Brunstetter T, Schallhorn S. Lumière diffractée et sensibilité à l’éblouissement après PKR et LASIK guidés par front d’onde. J Fr Ophtalmol 2008; 31:489-93. [DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(08)72465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cerviño A, Gonzalez-Meijome JM, Linhares JMM, Hosking SL, Montes-Mico R. Effect of sport-tinted contact lenses for contrast enhancement on retinal straylight measurements. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008; 28:151-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Hohberger B, Laemmer R, Adler W, Juenemann AGM, Horn FK. Measuring contrast sensitivity in normal subjects with OPTEC® 6500: influence of age and glare. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007; 245:1805-14. [PMID: 17694315 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-007-0662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop age-related curves for contrast sensitivity (CS) in normal subjects under day and night conditions with and without glare. METHODS Sixty-one healthy eyes from 61 subjects were measured with the OPTEC(R) 6500 P under day and night conditions (luminance levels: 85 cd/m(2) and 3.0 cd/m(2) with and without glare; spatial frequencies: 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles/degree). A reliability analysis with five repeated measurements of six persons on 4 days was performed to examine the repeatability. The influence of age on contrast sensitivity, forward and backward scatter was examined by means of linear regression. RESULTS Contrast sensitivity was significantly reduced under night conditions with glare, whereas glare had less influence under daylight illumination. Mean reliability coefficients are 0.87 (day), 0.77 (day with glare), 0.69 (night) and 0.81 (night with glare), which suggests sufficient retest reliability of the device. Regression analyses showed a highly significant influence of age, but the variance of the measurement values is not explained by age alone. The coefficients of determination for the regression of area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) on age are 0.33 (photopic), 0.34 (photopic with glare), 0.29 (mesopic) and 0.36 (mesopic with glare, p < 0.0001 in all cases). CONCLUSION A significant relationship between age, CS and scatter was confirmed in our study. The results provide baseline values for the examination of patients with different diseases in which contrast sensitivity is impaired (such as glaucoma, cataracts and amblyopia) and might be useful in studies of roadworthiness or in investigation of the impact of intraocular lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Aslam TM, Haider D, Murray IJ. Principles of disability glare measurement: an ophthalmological perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 85:354-60. [PMID: 17313443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2006.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Disability glare describes the loss of retinal image contrast as a result of intraocular light scatter, or straylight. It has increasingly important modern implications such as with cataract and refractive surgery or high-intensity lighting. However, its measurement has proven difficult despite many varying approaches. This article aims to explain the principles and problems associated with glare testing that are important for assessment and use of glare measures. After defining disability glare, this article discusses the importance of its measurement to current clinical practice. It explains the principles and mechanisms that underlie disability glare and its measurement. Finally, some examples of available glare tests are described to illustrate the principles discussed.
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de Wit GC, Franssen L, Coppens JE, van den Berg TJTP. Simulating the straylight effects of cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006; 32:294-300. [PMID: 16565008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the additional straylight falling on the retina (retinal straylight) caused by cataract and find commercially available filters to simulate the cataract straylight effects. SETTING Research laboratory. METHODS The retinal straylight addition of cataract was derived from straylight parameter data in the literature. The scattering characteristics of cataract-simulating filters were measured using a scatterometer. RESULTS The straylight addition due to cataract follows a power law as a function of angle with power of -2.12 and straylight parameter log values of up to 1.6 for relatively mild cataract cases. Of the commercial filters that were tested, the Tiffen Black Pro Mist (BPM) filters resembled the straylight characteristics of cataracts fairly well. The filters had a limited effect on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, which was also found for early cataracts. The BPM 2 followed a power law as a function of angle with power of approximately -2.21 and straylight log values of 1.12. CONCLUSIONS The BPM 2 filter is a good early-cataract-simulating filter. Stacking such filters is a good way to increase the cataract density. A drawback is that the BPM 2 filter has a transmission of 66% so stacking filters reduces the overall transmission significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard C de Wit
- Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kohnen T, Bühren J, Cichocki M, Kasper T, Terzi E, Ohrloff C. [Optical quality after refractive corneal surgery]. Ophthalmologe 2006; 103:184-91. [PMID: 16482452 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-006-1315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Correction of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism within its indicated margin by means of refractive corneal surgical procedures such as LASIK and surface ablation (e.g. PRK) is one of the standard procedures in ophthalmology. Now that advances in the fields of surgical techniques and the technical devices employed have further progressed in terms of safety and predictability, research also focuses on optical quality. "Optical quality" is not a clearly defined parameter, but can be captured indirectly by means of directly measured data. One has to start with the anatomical properties of the eye, which determine the optical images on the retinal level. The quality of the retinal image influences the eye's function, i.e. acuity and contrast perception. Finally, there is the subjective perception of the image we receive. "Optical quality" as such is reflected by the patient's evaluation of this image perception. Three phenomena are especially responsible for deterioration of the quality of the retinal image: diffraction, aberrations and dispersion. Some of the methods for measuring optical quality are subjective questionnaires, functional testing procedures for measuring visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, optical measuring procedures for the determination of optical quality, as well as biomicroscopy, aberrometry and corneal topography for assessing anatomical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kohnen
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main.
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