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García-Pérez L, Padial-Ruz R, Cepero-González M, Ubago-Jiménez JL. Influence of Lifestyle Habits on Psychological Well-Being of University Students: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2025; 13:1197. [PMID: 40428032 PMCID: PMC12111242 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2025] [Revised: 05/12/2025] [Accepted: 05/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: This study explored the influence of three key lifestyle habits-physical activity (PA), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and sleep duration-on psychological well-being indicators (resilience, psychological distress, and self-esteem) in university students. Methods: A total of 928 students (67.3% females; total sample mean age = 21.01 ± 1.95) from the Faculty of Education at the University of Granada participated. Validated self-report instruments were used to assess all variables: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), the KIDMED index, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: Results showed that male students reported higher levels of PA, better MD adherence, longer sleep duration, and more favorable psychological outcomes. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that MD adherence was the strongest and most consistent predictor of resilience, self-esteem, and psychological distress. Sleep duration emerged as a key factor, particularly in predicting resilience among men. Although no direct association was found between PA and psychological distress, mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect through sleep duration. Conclusions: These findings underscore the relevance of promoting healthy lifestyle habits in an integrated and sex-sensitive manner to enhance mental health (MH) in university students. In particular, targeting future teachers may be essential, given their potential role as promoters of well-being in school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Pérez
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - Rosario Padial-Ruz
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (J.L.U.-J.)
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Silva-Soto MÁ, Carrillo-Fernández P, Saez Lancellotti ET, Medina-Jiménez E, Mogaburo Alba JF, Catena-Granados N, López-Carmona MD, Pérez-Belmonte LM, Prieto Lain N, Gómez Hernández AI, Gómez-Huelgas R, Bernal-López MR. Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Modulating Mitochondrial Function and Protecting Against Chronic Diseases-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2025; 17:1443. [PMID: 40362752 PMCID: PMC12073407 DOI: 10.3390/nu17091443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2025] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), an essential element of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has demonstrated considerable potential in improving mitochondrial health and protecting against chronic diseases. This narrative review aims to explore how the main phenolic compounds found in EVOO-hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and oleocanthal-contribute to mitochondrial health by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS A search for scientific evidence was carried out between October 2024 and March 2025 in different bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SciSpace, and ResearchRabbit databases. The search strategy included combinations of terms such as "extra virgin olive oil", "EVOO polyphenols", "mitochondrial function", "oxidative stress", "inflammation", "mitophagy", and "chronic diseases". Preclinical, clinical, and mechanistic studies were included, giving priority to peer-reviewed publications. RESULTS This narrative review shows how some bioactive components of EVOO activate cellular pathways, such as mTOR, AMPK and sirtuins, which promote mitochondrial biogenesis, improve the efficiency of the electron transport chain, and protect mitochondrial DNA integrity. Furthermore, EVOO improves mitochondrial membrane fluidity and integrity, ensuring its functionality and efficiency. On the other hand, nutrition literacy, an important component of health, is a critical determinant of people's eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Although recent scientific evidence supports the metabolic benefits of EVOO components on mitochondrial metabolism and function, further nutritional intervention studies with these components are recommended to confirm their clinical relevance as a dietary tool aimed at preventing and/or delaying age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Silva-Soto
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Paloma Carrillo-Fernández
- UCM Digestive Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (HUVR/CSIC/US), Department of Medicine, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Estefanía T. Saez Lancellotti
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Elena Medina-Jiménez
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Juan Francisco Mogaburo Alba
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Nerea Catena-Granados
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - María Dolores López-Carmona
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Luis Miguel Pérez-Belmonte
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Nuria Prieto Lain
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Ana Isabel Gómez Hernández
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Bernal-López
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), University of Málaga, Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (M.Á.S.-S.); (E.T.S.L.); (E.M.-J.); (J.F.M.A.); (N.C.-G.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.); (N.P.L.); (A.I.G.H.); (R.G.-H.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Mengi Çelik Ö, Ekici EM, Yılmaz S, Metin ZE. Evaluation of the relationship between nutrition literacy, Mediterranean diet compliance, ecological footprint and sustainable environmental attitudes in adolescents. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:130. [PMID: 39800704 PMCID: PMC11727382 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nutrition literacy, Mediterranean diet compliance, ecological footprint and sustainable environmental attitudes in adolescents. METHODS This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 673 adolescents aged 14-18 years. The individuals' general characteristics were questioned. Sustainable environmental attitudes, nutritional literacy status and compliance with the Mediterranean diet were assessed with the help of scales. An ecological footprint calculator was used for the calculation of the ecological footprint. RESULTS The mean age of the individuals was 16.5 ± 1.42 years. Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale score and Sustainable Environmental Attitude Scale score were higher in female adolescents than in males (p < 0.05). Ecological Footprint score was higher in male adolescents than in females (p < 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale score, Sustainable Environmental Attitude Scale score and Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) score (p < 0.05). It was determined that sex and Sustainable Environmental Attitude Scale score affected the Ecological Footprint total score (p < 0.05). It was determined that sex, Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale score and Ecological Footprint total score affected the Sustainable Environmental Attitude Scale score (p < 0.05). Also, it was determined that Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale score affected the KIDMED score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Girls have higher nutritional literacy and sustainable environmental attitude. Nutrition literacy, sustainable environmental attitude and KIDMED total scores showed a significant positive correlation with each other. Nutritional literacy is effective on sustainable environmental attitude and compliance with the Mediterranean diet. Sustainable environmental attitude is effective in reducing the ecological footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Mengi Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Health Sciences Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emine Merve Ekici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Health Sciences Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selin Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Health Sciences Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziya Erokay Metin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Health Sciences Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Brandt G, Pahlenkemper M, Ballero Reque C, Sabel L, Zaiser C, Laskowski NM, Paslakis G. Gender and sex differences in adherence to a Mediterranean diet and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2025; 11:1501646. [PMID: 39897533 PMCID: PMC11784154 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1501646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant lifestyle changes, including alterations in dietary habits and increases in sedentary behavior. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with various health benefits, which are especially important given the health challenges posed by the pandemic. During the pandemic, an overall shift towards consuming more highly processed foods has been observed. Methods This systematic review investigated adherence to MD during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on gender differences and factors influencing adherence to MD in the general public. The literature search focused on papers published between January 1, 2019, and July 8, 2024, across various databases such as Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PubMed MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. Results Following the PRISMA guidelines, this search identified 14,347 references, of which 5,734 were duplicates. After a thorough multi-level screening process, 29 studies, encompassing 55,242 participants, met the inclusion criteria. While seven studies reported that men adhered to a MD more than women during the COVID-19 pandemic, 12 studies also indicated that women had higher adherence to a MD compared to men. Nine studies, however, found no significant gender differences in MD adherence. Additionally, older age, higher education levels, higher socioeconomic status, and increased physical activity were linked to greater adherence to a MD in the pandemic context. Conclusion Gender-specific differences in dietary behavior are influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, gender roles, and pandemic phases as well as biases in sample composition and methodological weaknesses. Significant gaps in the evidence, particularly concerning sexual and gender minorities, are highlighted. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=421727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Brandt
- University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Campus East-Westphalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Duarte A, Martins J, Lopes C, Silva MJ, Augusto C, Martins SP, Rosário R. Health Literacy and Its Association with the Adoption of the Mediterranean Diet: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2176. [PMID: 39064620 PMCID: PMC11280044 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Health literacy (HL) is a crucial factor influencing health-related decisions, including dietary patterns. The Mediterranean diet is widely recognized as one of the healthiest eating patterns. This study aims to explore the association between HL levels among adults in socially vulnerable contexts and their adoption of the Mediterranean diet. Conducted as part of a cluster-randomized trial in primary schools, the research involved 557 parents of children aged 6 to 10 who consented to participate. HL was assessed using the HLS questionnaire, while adoption of the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the MEDAS questionnaire. Participants also provided anthropometric and sociodemographic data via a questionnaire, from which BMI was calculated (weight/height2). Education level was categorized as higher education or lower and professional status was classified based on occupational categories. Generalized linear models and logistic regression were employed for analysis. The findings indicate a direct association between HL level and adoption of the Mediterranean diet (B = 0.022, 95% CI 0.010-0.035, p < 0.001), underscoring the influence of HL on dietary choices. Specifically, the healthcare dimension of HL emerges as pivotal in shaping dietary behaviors, particularly towards the Mediterranean diet. These results underscore the importance of policies and programs aimed at enhancing HL, especially among socially vulnerable populations. Prioritizing public health interventions to improve HL is critical for promoting better dietary decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.D.); (J.M.); (C.L.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC-UM), Institute of Education, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Juliana Martins
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.D.); (J.M.); (C.L.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Lopes
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.D.); (J.M.); (C.L.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria José Silva
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.D.); (J.M.); (C.L.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Augusto
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.D.); (J.M.); (C.L.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Silvana Peixoto Martins
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.D.); (J.M.); (C.L.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.)
- ProChild CoLAB Against Poverty and Social Exclusion Association, Campus de Couros, Rua Vila Flor, 166, 4810-225 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Rosário
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.D.); (J.M.); (C.L.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC-UM), Institute of Education, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Saintila J, Rojas-Humpire R, Newball-Noriega EE, Huancahuire-Vega S, Ignacio-Cconchoy FL, Calizaya-Milla YE. Analysis of adherence to a healthy lifestyle among vegetarian and non-vegetarian Peruvian university students: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299317. [PMID: 38394083 PMCID: PMC10889614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that a healthy lifestyle can promote physical and mental well-being in the general population. However, there are few studies that assess the adherence to a healthy lifestyle in vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in adherence to a healthy lifestyle between vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out considering data from 6,846 students selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS), the Peruvian validation of the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index (VLI), was used. In addition, sociodemographic and anthropometric data such as weight and height were collected. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. RESULTS Semi-vegetarian and vegetarian students had a high healthy lifestyle score compared to non-vegetarians. In addition, vegetarian diets showed a significantly higher proportion among students with a lower BMI (normal and underweight). Students with excess body weight (overweight and obesity) were less likely to report healthy lifestyle. In the overall population analyzed, it was observed that the levels of health and lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise and sunlight exposure, were mostly moderate and low. Additionally, sweets intake was high, while healthy food consumption such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains was low. CONCLUSION The current findings show that although vegetarians had better adherence to a healthy lifestyle, interventions in the university setting are needed to improve healthy lifestyle in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Doctorado en Nutrición y Alimentos, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad San Ignacio De Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, School of Human Nutrition, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
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