Correlation of triglyceride-glucose index and dyslipidaemia with premature coronary heart diseases and multivessel disease: a cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China

The triglycerides and glucose index is more strongly associated with metabolically healthy obesity phenotype than the lipid and obesity indices

PURPOSE

The triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index is a reliable biomarker for estimating insulin resistance; however, evidence regarding the use of the TyG index in individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is scarce. Thus, we examined the association between the TyG index and the MHO phenotype.

METHODS

Apparently healthy men and women aged 18 years or more with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) were allocated into the following groups: MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). The MHO phenotype was defined by obesity and the absence of the following metabolic disorders: elevated triglyceride concentrations, elevated glucose levels, elevated blood pressure, and low HDL-C. The MUO was defined by individuals with obesity and at least one of the aforementioned cardiovascular risk factors.

RESULTS

A total 827 individuals, 605 (73.1%) women and 222 (26.9%) men were enrolled and allocated into the MHO (n = 104) and MUO (n = 723) groups. The adjusted regression analysis by age, sex, BMI, and waist circumference showed that fasting glucose (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88-0.93), and triglycerides (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96-0.98), as well as the triglycerides/HDL-C (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.13-0.26), lipid accumulation product (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.96), visceral adipose index (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.31-0.46), and TyG index (OR = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.000-0.004) are inversely associated with the MHO, while the HDL-C (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.07-1.12) had a direct association.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results show that the TyG index is more strongly associated with the MHO phenotype than the lipid and obesity indices.

RNA Sequencing of Whole Blood in Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Identification of Novel Biomarkers and Involvement of T Cell Imbalance

Serum biomarkers were explored based on the peripheral blood gene expression profiles of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to detect PCAD-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the most significant DEGs, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to quantify the effect on corresponding serum proteins. Fifty-nine PCAD-specific DEGs were identified. Functional analysis showed positive regulation of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, regulation of T cell-mediated immunity, and the regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation which were enriched in PCAD. RT-PCR validated the significant difference in the expression of BAG6, MUC5B, and APOA2 between PCAD and late-onset coronary artery disease (LCAD) patients. ELISA validation showed serum MUC5B increased dramatically in PCAD when compared to LCAD. Our study found T cells contribute to the occurrence of PCAD, and the inflammatory factor MUC5B may be a novel serum marker in PCAD patients.

Novel lipid biomarkers and ratios as risk predictors for premature coronary artery disease: A retrospective analysis of 2952 patients

This study examined the associations between emerging lipid biomarkers (small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [sdLDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and free fatty acids [FFA]), two ratios (sdLDL-C/LDL-C and the triglyceride-glucose [TyG) index), and the Gensini score (GS) in patients with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) in relation to the extent of coronary stenosis. The authors evaluated a cohort of 2952 individuals undergoing coronary angiography (CAG), encompassing those with PCAD (n = 1749), late-onset coronary artery disease (LCAD; n = 328), and non-coronary artery disease (non-CAD; n = 575). Noteworthy differences were observed in the levels of the novel lipid biomarkers and ratio indexes among the PCAD, LCAD, and non-CAD groups (p < .05). Multiple logistic regression analyses pinpointed Lp(a) (OR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.22-5.63, p = .014) and the TyG index (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.08-5.93, p = .033) as independent risk factors for PCAD. Furthermore, these biomarkers and ratio indexes discerned substantial distinctions among PCAD patients with varying GS (p < .05). Consequently, these markers can proficiently anticipate the gravity of coronary artery stenosis (GS > 40) in PCAD patients, as evidenced by the ROC analysis. In conclusion, sdLDL-C, Lp(a), FFA, and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C and TyG indexes have considerable potential as risk and diagnostic markers for coronary artery stenosis in individuals afflicted with PCAD.

Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Liver Function Parameters Among Healthy Obese Civil Servants: A Center-Based Study

PURPOSE

To investigate the correlation between Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and liver function parameters in healthy obese civil servants in Shijiazhuang, China.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This was an outpatient-based cross-sectional study in which 6452 participants were recruited. A total of 784 participants were analyzed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A TyG index was calculated based on fasting glucose and triglycerides. All patients were divided into a high TyG index group and a low TyG index group, using the median TyG index as a cut-off. Finally, patients were further divided into two subgroups: males and females.

RESULTS

While AST/ALT and direct bilirubin levels were lower in the high TyG index group compared to the low TyG index group, ALT, AST, total protein, and albumin levels were greater. Particularly in male participants, TyG index was inversely connected with AST/ALT and direct bilirubin levels and favorably correlated with ALT, AST, total protein, and albumin levels. These connections persisted in the multilinear regression study even after adjusting for confounding variables.

CONCLUSION

This study describes the correlation between TyG index and liver function parameters in obese populations without co-morbid diseases, providing a new idea for early interventional treatment in this group.