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Shakhpazyan N, Mikhaleva L, Bedzhanyan A, Gioeva Z, Sadykhov N, Mikhalev A, Atiakshin D, Buchwalow I, Tiemann M, Orekhov A. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of the Tumor Stroma in Colorectal Cancer: Insights into Disease Progression and Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2361. [PMID: 37760801 PMCID: PMC10525158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden worldwide and is the third most common type of cancer. The early detection and diagnosis of CRC is critical to improve patient outcomes. This review explores the intricate interplay between the tumor microenvironment, stromal interactions, and the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. The review begins by assessing the gut microbiome's influence on CRC development, emphasizing its association with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC tumor stroma is scrutinized, elucidating its impact on disease progression. Tumor budding, its effect on tumor stroma, and the implications for patient prognosis are investigated. The review also identifies conserved oncogenic signatures (COS) within CRC stroma and explores their potential as therapeutic targets. Lastly, the seed and soil hypothesis is employed to contextualize metastasis, accentuating the significance of both tumor cells and the surrounding stroma in metastatic propensity. This review highlights the intricate interdependence between CRC cells and their microenvironment, providing valuable insights into prospective therapeutic approaches targeting tumor-stroma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Shakhpazyan
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Liudmila Mikhaleva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Arkady Bedzhanyan
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology II (Coloproctology and Uro-Gynecology), Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Zarina Gioeva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Nikolay Sadykhov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Alexander Mikhalev
- Department of Hospital Surgery No. 2, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitri Atiakshin
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Igor Buchwalow
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Hematopathology, 22547 Hamburg, Germany;
| | | | - Alexander Orekhov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.); (L.M.); (Z.G.); (N.S.); (A.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121096 Moscow, Russia
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Identification of Molecular Subtypes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Dysregulated Immune LncRNAs. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9702789. [PMID: 35126519 PMCID: PMC8808126 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9702789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform indispensable functions in cancer pathologies and are involved in the onset and progression of multiple cancers. Multiple platforms were performed to comprehensively analyze the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) for determining molecular subtypes. Molecular subtypes were clustered and analyzed by the “ConsensusClusterPlus” R package. The Limma software was utilized to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO), were performed on the three database resources. Seventeen lncRNAs were determined as HNSCC-specific immune lncRNAs that were dysregulated. Our research identified and redefined two distinct molecular subtypes, C1 (230 samples) and C2 (269 samples). Moreover, the C1 subtype had a higher survival rate than the C2 subtype in HNSCC samples, as well as a prolonged median survival duration with activated immune response. 1531 DEGs, including 529 upmodulated genes and 1002 downmodulated genes, were identified in the above two subtypes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that upmodulated genes in C2 were associated with tumorigenesis and development, while downregulated genes in C2 were associated with immune response. By comparing with the existing immunophenotyping group, it found that C1 had more overlaps with the existing Atypical and Basal, and C2 and Classical and Mesenchymal had a high degree of coincidence. On the basis of lncRNA, there were significant differences in the aspect of prognostic and immunological characteristics in the two identified molecular subtypes of HNSCC.
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Philipovskiy A, Ghafouri R, Dwivedi AK, Alvarado L, McCallum R, Maegawa F, Konstantinidis IT, Hakim N, Shurmur S, Awasthi S, Gaur S, Corral J. Association Between Tumor Mutation Profile and Clinical Outcomes Among Hispanic-Latino Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:772225. [PMID: 35141142 PMCID: PMC8819001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, CRC is the third most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Although the incidence of CRC among the Hispanic population has been declining, recently, a dramatic increase in CRC incidents among HL younger than 50 years of age has been reported. The incidence of early-onset CRC is more significant in HL population (45%) than in non-Hispanic Whites (27%) and African-Americans (15%). The reason for these racial disparities and the biology of CRC in the HL are not well understood. We performed this study to understand the biology of the disease in HL patients. We analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from 52 HL patients with mCRC. We compared the results with individual patient clinical histories and outcomes. We identified commonly altered genes in HL patients (APC, TP53, KRAS, GNAS, and NOTCH). Importantly, mutation frequencies in the APC gene were significantly higher among HL patients. The combination of mutations in the APC, NOTCH, and KRAS genes in the same tumors was associated with a higher risk of progression after first-line of chemotherapy and overall survival. Our data support the notion that the molecular drivers of CRC might be different in HL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Philipovskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, Lubbock, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Philipovskiy,
| | - Reshad Ghafouri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Alok Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Luis Alvarado
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Richard McCallum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Felipe Maegawa
- Department of Surgery, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ioannis T. Konstantinidis
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Nawar Hakim
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Scott Shurmur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sumit Gaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Javier Corral
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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Spatial analysis and CD25-expression identify regulatory T cells as predictors of a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1236-1246. [PMID: 35484226 PMCID: PMC9424114 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a heterogeneous cell population that can either suppress or stimulate immune responses. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs are associated with an adverse outcome from most cancer types, but have generally been found to be associated with a good prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the prognostic heterogeneity of Tregs in CRC by co-expression patterns and spatial analyses with diverse T cell markers, using multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis in two consecutive series of primary CRCs (total n = 1720). Treg infiltration in tumors, scored as FOXP3+ or CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+ (triple-positive) cells, was strongly correlated to the overall amount of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells, and consequently associated with a favorable 5-year relapse-free survival rate among patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent complete tumor resection. However, high relative expression of the activation marker CD25 in triple-positive Tregs was independently associated with an adverse outcome in a multivariable model incorporating clinicopathological and known molecular prognostic markers (hazard ratio = 1.35, p = 0.028). Furthermore, spatial marker analysis based on Voronoi diagrams and permutation testing of cellular neighborhoods revealed a statistically significant proximity between Tregs and CD8+-cells in 18% of patients, and this was independently associated with a poor survival (multivariable hazard ratio = 1.36, p = 0.017). These results show prognostic heterogeneity of different Treg populations in primary CRC, and highlight the importance of multi-marker and spatial analyses for accurate immunophenotyping of tumors in relation to patient outcome.
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Cai C, Itzel T, Gaitantzi H, de la Torre C, Birgin E, Betge J, Gretz N, Teufel A, Rahbari NN, Ebert MP, Breitkopf-Heinlein K. Identification of liver-derived bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 as a potential new candidate for treatment of colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:343-353. [PMID: 34841646 PMCID: PMC8743662 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a high-incidence malignancy worldwide which still needs better therapy options. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the responses of normal or malignant human intestinal epithelium to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 and to find out whether the application of BMP-9 to patients with CRC or the enhancement of its synthesis in the liver could be useful strategies for new therapy approaches. In silico analyses of CRC patient cohorts (TCGA database) revealed that high expression of the BMP-target gene ID1, especially in combination with low expression of the BMP-inhibitor noggin, is significantly associated with better patient survival. Organoid lines were generated from human biopsies of colon cancer (T-Orgs) and corresponding non-malignant areas (N-Orgs) of three patients. The N-Orgs represented tumours belonging to three different consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of CRC. Overall, BMP-9 stimulation of organoids promoted an enrichment of tumour-suppressive gene expression signatures, whereas the stimulation with noggin had the opposite effects. Furthermore, treatment of organoids with BMP-9 induced ID1 expression (independently of high noggin levels), while treatment with noggin reduced ID1. In summary, our data identify the ratio between ID1 and noggin as a new prognostic value for CRC patient outcome. We further show that by inducing ID1, BMP-9 enhances this ratio, even in the presence of noggin. Thus, BMP-9 is identified as a novel target for the development of improved anti-cancer therapies of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Itzel
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Haristi Gaitantzi
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Medical Research Center, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Emrullah Birgin
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Betge
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nuh N Rahbari
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katja Breitkopf-Heinlein
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Zou Q, Wang X, Ren D, Hu B, Tang G, Zhang Y, Huang M, Pai RK, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Newcomb PA, Grady WM, Yu H, Luo Y. DNA methylation-based signature of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes enables evaluation of immune response and prognosis in colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002671. [PMID: 34548385 PMCID: PMC8458312 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+ TILs, can be used for predicting immunotherapy responsiveness and survival outcome. However, the evaluation of CD8+ TILs currently relies on histopathological methodology with high variability. We therefore aimed to develop a DNA methylation signature for CD8+ TILs (CD8+ MeTIL) that could evaluate immune response and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods A CD8+ MeTIL signature score was constructed by using CD8+ T cell-specific differentially methylated positions (DMPs) that were identified from Illumina EPIC methylation arrays. Immune cells, colon epithelial cells, and two CRC cohorts (n=282 and 335) were used to develop a PCR-based assay for quantitative analysis of DNA methylation at single-base resolution (QASM) to determine CD8 + MeTIL signature score. Results Three CD8+ T cell-specific DMPs were identified to construct the CD8+ MeTIL signature score, which showed a dramatic discriminability between CD8+ T cells and other cells. The QASM assay we developed for CD8+ MeTIL markers could measure CD8+ TILs distributions in a fully quantitative, accurate, and simple manner. The CD8+ MeTIL score determined by QASM assay showed a strong association with histopathology-based CD8+ TIL counts and a gene expression-based immune marker. Furthermore, the low CD8+ MeTIL score (enriched CD8+ TILs) was associated with MSI-H tumors and predicted better survival in CRC cohorts. Conclusions This study developed a quantitative DNA methylation-based signature that was reliable to evaluate CD8+ TILs and prognosis in CRC. This approach has the potential to be a tool for investigations on CD8+ TILs and a biomarker for therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Ren
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bang Hu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Genomic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nussbaum YI, Manjunath Y, Suvilesh KN, Warren WC, Shyu CR, Kaifi JT, Ciorba MA, Mitchem JB. Current and Prospective Methods for Assessing Anti-Tumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4802. [PMID: 33946558 PMCID: PMC8125332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide despite recent progress in treatment strategies. Though immune checkpoint inhibition has proven effective for a number of other tumors, it offers benefits in only a small group of CRC patients with high microsatellite instability. In general, heterogenous cell groups in the tumor microenvironment are considered as the major barrier for unveiling the causes of low immune response. Therefore, deconvolution of cellular components in highly heterogeneous microenvironments is crucial for understanding the immune contexture of cancer. In this review, we assimilate current knowledge and recent studies examining anti-tumor immunity in CRC. We also discuss the utilization of novel immune contexture assessment methods that have not been used in CRC research to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia I. Nussbaum
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (Y.I.N.); (C.-R.S.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Yariswamy Manjunath
- Department of Surgery, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (K.N.S.); (W.C.W.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kanve N. Suvilesh
- Department of Surgery, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (K.N.S.); (W.C.W.)
| | - Wesley C. Warren
- Department of Surgery, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (K.N.S.); (W.C.W.)
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chi-Ren Shyu
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (Y.I.N.); (C.-R.S.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Jussuf T. Kaifi
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (Y.I.N.); (C.-R.S.); (J.T.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (K.N.S.); (W.C.W.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Matthew A. Ciorba
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Mitchem
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (Y.I.N.); (C.-R.S.); (J.T.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (K.N.S.); (W.C.W.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Dang Q, Wu K, Jiao D, Li Z, Sun Z, Han X. Genomic Alteration Characterization in Colorectal Cancer Identifies a Prognostic and Metastasis Biomarker: FAM83A|IDO1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632430. [PMID: 33959500 PMCID: PMC8093579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic alterations constitute crucial elements of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a comprehensive understanding of CRC genomic alterations from a global perspective is lacking. In this study, a total of 2,778 patients in 15 public datasets were enrolled. Tissues and clinical information of 30 patients were also collected. We successfully identified two distinct mutation signature clusters (MSC) featured by massive mutations and dominant somatic copy number alterations (SCNA), respectively. MSC-1 was associated with defective DNA mismatch repair, exhibiting more frequent mutations such as ATM, BRAF, and SMAD4. The mutational co-occurrences of BRAF-HMCN and DNAH17-MDN1 as well as the methylation silence event of MLH-1 were only found in MSC-1. MSC-2 was linked to the carcinogenic process of age and tobacco chewing habit, exhibiting dominant SCNA such as MYC (8q24.21) and PTEN (10q23.31) deletion as well as CCND3 (6p21.1) and ERBB2 (17q12) amplification. MSC-1 displayed higher immunogenicity and immune infiltration. MSC-2 had better prognosis and significant stromal activation. Based on the two subtypes, we identified and validated the expression relationship of FAM83A and IDO1 as a robust biomarker for prognosis and distant metastasis of CRC in 15 independent cohorts and qRT-PCR data from 30 samples. These results advance precise treatment and clinical management in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dechao Jiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Sawayama H, Miyamoto Y, Ogawa K, Yoshida N, Baba H. Investigation of colorectal cancer in accordance with consensus molecular subtype classification. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2020; 4:528-539. [PMID: 33005848 PMCID: PMC7511559 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The classification of colorectal cancer (CRC) plays a pivotal role in predicting a patient's prognosis and determining treatment strategies. The consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification system was constructed by analyzing genetic information from 18 CRC data sets, containing 4151 CRC samples. CRC was classified into four subtypes with distinct molecular and biological characteristics: CMS1 (microsatellite instability immune), CMS2 (canonical), CMS3 (metabolic), and CMS4 (mesenchymal). Since their designation in 2015, these classifications have been applied to basic and translational research of CRC, with the hope that understanding these subsets will influence a clinician's approach to therapeutic treatment and improve clinical outcomes. We reviewed CRC investigations in accordance with CMSs published in the last 5 years to further explore the clinical significance of these subtypes and identify underlying trends that may direct relevant future research. We determined that CMSs linked common features of CRC cell lines and PDX models in various studies. Furthermore, associations between prognosis and clinicopathological findings, including pathological grade and the stage of carcinogenesis, tumor budding, and tumor location, were correlated with CMS classification. Novel prognostic factors were identified, and the relationship between chemotherapeutic drug resistance and CMS has been fortified by our compilation of research; thus, indicating that this review provides advanced insight into clinical questions and treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityHonjoJapan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityHonjoJapan
| | - Katsuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityHonjoJapan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityHonjoJapan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityHonjoJapan
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Impact of Tumor Localization and Molecular Subtypes on the Prognostic and Predictive Significance of p53 Expression in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061689. [PMID: 32630478 PMCID: PMC7352381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prognostic and predictive impact of p53 expression for gastric cancer (GC) patients treated without or with preoperative chemotherapy (CTx) and its relationship with specific molecular GC subtypes. Specimens from 694 GC patients (562 surgical resection specimens without or after CTx, 132 biopsies before CTx) were analyzed by p53 immunohistochemistry. High (H) and low (L) microsatellite instability (MSI) and Epstein–Barr virus positivity were determined previously. Our results show that aberrant p53 expression was a negative prognostic factor in uni- and multivariable analysis in the resection specimens cohort (each p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed the strongest prognostic effect for patients with distally located tumors or no CTx treatment. In the biopsy cohort before CTx, p53 did not predict response or survival. p53 expression was significantly different among the molecular subtypes in surgical resection and bioptic specimens with strong association of altered p53 with MSI-L. Patients with MSI-H and aberrant p53 showed the worst survival in the biopsy cohort. In conclusion, the prognostic impact of p53 in GC differs according to tumor localization and CTx. Altered p53 is characteristic for MSI-L, and the p53 status in biopsies before CTx delineates MSI-H subtypes with inverse prognostic impact.
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