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Garvik OS, Jølving LR, Lund K, Friedman S, Nørgård BM. Paternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse health outcomes: A nationwide cohort study on 13,547 exposed children. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38639021 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has increased over time. Several studies indicate that paternal use of medication may adversely affect the developing fetus. Only a few studies have investigated the association between preconceptional paternal exposure to SSRIs and the risks of adverse health outcomes in children. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess adverse birth outcomes and adverse early life events in children fathered by men using SSRIs prior to conception. MATERIALS AND METHODS All live-born singleton children born in Denmark from 1997 until 2019 and their parents were included. The exposed cohort comprised all children fathered by men using SSRIs 3 months prior to conception and the unexposed cohort comprised all other children. We estimated the odds ratios for adverse birth outcomes: small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, low Apgar score, and major congenital malformations. Furthermore, we estimated the hazard ratios for adverse early life events of infections and hospitalizations within 1 year from birth. We also examined adverse birth outcomes and the adverse early life events according to SSRI subgroups. RESULTS There was a statistically significantly increased odds ratio 1.15 (confidence interval, CI: 1.06-1.23) for preterm birth. No significant results were found for SGA, low Apgar score, and major congenital malformations. The adjusted hazard ratios for hospitalizations and infections were 1.06 (CI: 1.02-1.11) and 1.02 (CI: 0.97-1.07), respectively. There was a statistically significantly increased odds ratio for preterm birth with respect to the SSRI subgroups citalopram and escitalopram, and for hospitalizations with respect to citalopram. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Although the risks of certain adverse birth and adverse early life outcomes were statistically significantly increased, the ratios were small and may have limited clinical importance. Paternal use of SSRI was in general safe in the preconceptual period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Line Riis Jølving
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ken Lund
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonia Friedman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Gastroenterology Division, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bente Mertz Nørgård
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Kwon S, Judson MA. Clinical Pharmacology in Sarcoidosis: How to Use and Monitor Sarcoidosis Medications. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1250. [PMID: 38592130 PMCID: PMC10932410 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
When sarcoidosis needs treatment, pharmacotherapy is usually required. Although glucocorticoids work reliably and relatively quickly for sarcoidosis, these drugs are associated with numerous significant side effects. Such side effects are common in sarcoidosis patients, as the disease frequently has a chronic course and glucocorticoid treatment courses are often prolonged. For these reasons, corticosteroid-sparing and corticosteroid-replacing therapies are often required for sarcoidosis. Unfortunately, many healthcare providers who care for sarcoidosis patients are not familiar with the use of these agents. In this manuscript, we provide a review of the pharmacotherapy of sarcoidosis. We discuss the mechanism of action, dosing, side-effect profile, approach to monitoring and patient counselling concerning glucocorticoids, and the common alternative drugs recommended for use in the recent European Respiratory Society (Lausanne, Switzerland) Sarcoidosis Treatment Guidelines. We also discuss the use of these agents in special situations including hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency, pregnancy, breastfeeding, vaccination, and drug-drug interactions. It is hoped that this manuscript will provide valuable practical guidance to clinicians who care for sarcoidosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Kwon
- Samuel S. Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Marc A. Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
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Gubatan J, Barber GE, Nielsen OH, Juhl CB, Maxwell C, Eisenberg ML, Streett SE. Paternal Medications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Male Fertility and Reproductive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2222-2238. [PMID: 35870769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies evaluating reproductive outcomes among male patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are limited. We evaluated use of IBD medications and association with semen parameters, a proxy of male fertility, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (early pregnancy loss [EPL], preterm birth [PB], congenital malformations [CM]). METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science (PROSPERO CRD42020197098) from inception to April 2022 for studies reporting semen parameters and adverse pregnancy outcomes among male patients exposed to biologics, thiopurine, or methotrexate. Standardized mean difference, prevalence, and odds ratios (ORs) of outcomes were pooled and analyzed using a random effects model. RESULTS Ten studies reporting semen parameters (268 patients with IBD) and 16 studies reporting adverse pregnancy outcomes (over 25,000 patients with IBD) were included. Biologic, thiopurine, or methotrexate use were not associated with decreased sperm count, motility, or abnormal morphology compared with nonexposed patients. The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes with paternal biologic (5%), thiopurine (6%), or methotrexate (6%) exposure was comparable to nonexposed patients (5%). Biologic use was not associated with risk of EPL (OR, 1.26; I2 = 0%; P = .12), PB (OR, 1.10; I2 = 0%; P = .17), or CM (OR, 1.03; I2 = 0%; P = .69). Thiopurine use was not associated with risk of EPL (OR, 1.31; I2 = 19%; P = .17), PB (OR, 1.05; I2 = 0%; P = .20), or CM (OR, 1.07; I2 = 7%; P = .34). Methotrexate use was not associated with risk of PB (OR, 1.06; I2 = 0%; P = .62) or CM (OR, 1.03; I2 = 0%; P = .81). CONCLUSIONS Biologic, thiopurine, or methotrexate use among male patients with IBD are not associated with impairments in fertility or with increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Grant E Barber
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Bogh Juhl
- Department of Sports Science and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cynthia Maxwell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sarah E Streett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Chock EY, Dahal S, Grimshaw AA, Suter L, Liew Z, Felson D. Offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes born to parents with chronic inflammatory arthritis using antirheumatic therapies: A scoping review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 61:152230. [PMID: 37295300 PMCID: PMC10521166 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most women with rheumatic diseases discontinue antirheumatic therapies in anticipation of, or during pregnancy due to concerns around medication safety and fetal wellbeing. OBJECTIVE We performed a scoping review of available evidence investigating the risks of adverse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes amongst parents with chronic inflammatory arthritis, taking antirheumatic therapies during conception or pregnancy. METHODS We designed a scoping review protocol and search strategy a priori in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed an exhaustive search in Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Medline, and Web of Science for relevant literature in January 2023. Articles needed to include offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes born to parents with CIA who took antirheumatic therapies during conception or pregnancy. Independent reviewers extracted data from eligible articles using a standard abstraction tool and performed critical appraisal of study quality. RESULTS Six studies were included for full data abstraction. Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha inhibitors, and exposure to methotrexate during early first trimester of pregnancy did not seem to increase risk for adverse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. Corticosteroid use during pregnancy seemed to pose an increased risk for attention deficit hyperactive disorders in offspring. CONCLUSION Use of some antirheumatic therapies during pregnancy may not be associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. Further investigations are needed to elucidate if other confounding factors affect long term offspring health outcomes born to parents with chronic inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Y Chock
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sovit Dahal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa A Grimshaw
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lisa Suter
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Health Administration, West, Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Felson
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA and Section of Rheumatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Russell MD, Dey M, Flint J, Davie P, Allen A, Crossley A, Frishman M, Gayed M, Hodson K, Khamashta M, Moore L, Panchal S, Piper M, Reid C, Saxby K, Schreiber K, Senvar N, Tosounidou S, van de Venne M, Warburton L, Williams D, Yee CS, Gordon C, Giles I, Roddy E, Armon K, Astell L, Cotton C, Davidson A, Fordham S, Jones C, Joyce C, Kuttikat A, McLaren Z, Merrison K, Mewar D, Mootoo A, Williams E. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: immunomodulatory anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:e48-e88. [PMID: 36318966 PMCID: PMC10070073 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Russell
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mrinalini Dey
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julia Flint
- Department of Rheumatology, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Shropshire, UK
| | - Philippa Davie
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Allen
- Clinical Affairs, British Society for Rheumatology, London, UK
| | | | - Margreta Frishman
- Rheumatology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mary Gayed
- Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Munther Khamashta
- Lupus Research Unit, Division of Women's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Moore
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease Unit, Our Lady's Hospice and Care Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonia Panchal
- Department of Rheumatology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwickshire, UK
| | - Madeleine Piper
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | | | - Katherine Saxby
- Pharmacy, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen Schreiber
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Sonderborg, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research (IRS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Naz Senvar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sofia Tosounidou
- Lupus UK Centre of Excellence, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - David Williams
- Obstetrics, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chee-Seng Yee
- Department of Rheumatology, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Giles
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Nørgård BM, Friedman S, Kjeldsen J, Nielsen J. The safety of paternal and maternal use of 5-aminosalicylic acid during conception and pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1349-1360. [PMID: 36031741 PMCID: PMC9804381 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the safety of paternal use of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) prior to conception are lacking, and the safety of maternal use of 5-ASA during pregnancy has not been examined in nationwide data. AIMS To examine offspring outcomes after paternal pre-conception use of 5-ASA, and after maternal use during pregnancy METHODS: This nationwide cohort study was based on Danish health registries. The study population included live born singletons of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Paternal exposure included 2168 children fathered by men treated with 5-ASA, and 7732 unexposed. Maternal exposure included 3618 children exposed in utero to 5-ASA, and 7128 unexposed. The outcomes were pre-term birth, small for gestational age (SGA), low Apgar score and major congenital abnormalities (CAs) according to EUROCAT guidelines. RESULTS The vast majority of fathers and mothers used mesalazine. In children fathered by men with UC using 5-ASA, we found no increased risk of pre-term birth, SGA or low Apgar score. The hazard ratio (HR) of CAs was 1.30 (95% CI 0.92-1.85). In children of fathers with CD, the odds ratio (OR) of SGA was 1.52 (95% CI 0.65-3.55). After maternal 5-ASA exposure, the OR of SGA in children of women with UC was 1.46 (95% CI: 0.93-2.30); for CAs in children of women with CD, HR was 1.44 (95% CI 0.84-2.47). CONCLUSIONS Paternal and maternal use of 5-ASA was safe across offspring outcomes; none of the findings reached statistical significance. The safety of 5-ASA formulations that are used infrequently cannot be settled here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Mertz Nørgård
- Center for Clinical EpidemiologyOdense University HospitalOdense CDenmark,Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
| | - Sonia Friedman
- Center for Clinical EpidemiologyOdense University HospitalOdense CDenmark,Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology SOdense University HospitalOdense CDenmark,Research Unit of Medical Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
| | - Jan Nielsen
- Center for Clinical EpidemiologyOdense University HospitalOdense CDenmark,Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
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Friedman S, Garvik OS, Nielsen J, Nørgård BM. Paternal use of medications for inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of hospital-diagnosed infections in the offspring: a nationwide cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:823-830. [PMID: 35770457 PMCID: PMC9542174 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding the impact of paternal inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) medications on child outcomes is scarce. AIM To examine the risk of childhood infections associated with fathers' use of anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive medications taken before conception. METHODS This is a nationwide cohort study based on Danish health registries, comprising all live-born singleton children born between January 1997 and February 2019 who were fathered by men with IBD. Exposed cohorts included children fathered by men treated with 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs), thiopurines, corticosteroids or anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) agents within 3 months before conception. The unexposed cohort included children not exposed to paternal IBD medications. Outcomes were the first infection, diagnosed in the hospital setting in the first year of life, and from the age of 1 to 3 years. RESULTS In all, 2178 children were fathered by men exposed to 5-ASAs, 843 to thiopurines, 417 to systemic corticosteroids and 436 to anti-TNF-α agents; 6799 children were unexposed. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for infections within the first year of life for 5-ASAs was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66-0.91), thiopurines 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73-1.09), systemic corticosteroids 0.95 (95% CI, 0.70-1.29), and anti-TNF-α agents 1.17 (95% CI, 0.94-1.46). The aHR for infections from 1 to 3 years for 5-ASAs was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.83-1.13), thiopurines 0.87 (95% CI, 0.71-1.07), systemic corticosteroids 1.25 (95% CI, 0.94-1.65), and anti-TNF-α agents 0.79 (95% CI, 0.60-1.03). CONCLUSION Fathers' use of anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive medications before conception was not significantly associated with childhood infections. These results fill an important research gap regarding paternal medication safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Friedman
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, BostonMassachusetts and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Olav Sivertsen Garvik
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Jan Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Bente Mertz Nørgård
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, BostonMassachusetts and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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8
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Massarotti C, Sbragia E, Gazzo I, Stigliani S, Inglese M, Anserini P. Effect of Multiple Sclerosis and Its Treatments on Male Fertility: Cues for Future Research. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225401. [PMID: 34830684 PMCID: PMC8623707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that may lead to different types of symptoms and disabilities. with the better quality of life and decreased disability due to early diagnosis and the availability of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), the treating physician is increasingly asked to counsel patients on its effects on fertility and reproduction. In particular, reproductive issues are still scarcely studied and discussed in men. Among the still open questions are the following: (a) Does multiple sclerosis cause infertility per sè? (b) Is multiple sclerosis correlated with conditions that increase the risk of infertility? (c) Do DMTs or other therapies for multiple sclerosis impact gonadal function in men? The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the available literature data about the reproductive issues unique to men with multiple sclerosis, underlining the numerous areas where evidence is lacking and, therefore, the priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Massarotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16128 Genova, Italy; (C.M.); (I.G.)
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elvira Sbragia
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16128 Genova, Italy; (E.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Irene Gazzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16128 Genova, Italy; (C.M.); (I.G.)
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Stigliani
- Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16128 Genova, Italy; (E.S.); (M.I.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Anserini
- Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Friedman S, Nørgård BM. Does Fatherhood Matter? Preconception Use of Biologics and Immunomodulators by Fathers With Immune-Mediated Diseases and Birth Outcomes of Their Offspring. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:24-27. [PMID: 33905674 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Bente Mertz Nørgård
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Meserve J, Luo J, Zhu W, Veeravalli N, Bandoli G, Chambers CD, Singh AG, Boland BS, Sandborn WJ, Mahadevan U, Singh S. Paternal Exposure to Immunosuppressive and/or Biologic Agents and Birth Outcomes in Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:107-115.e3. [PMID: 33744307 PMCID: PMC8238837 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We conducted a retrospective cohort study to inform the safety of exposure to immunosuppressive and/or biologic agents around conception in expectant fathers with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on birth outcomes. METHODS Using a deidentified administrative claims database (OptumLabs Data Warehouse), we identified 7453 expectant fathers with IMIDs (inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis) linked to newborns with periconception medication exposure between 38 and 60 weeks before the newborn birth date (34-58 weeks prior for preterm newborns) and neonatal follow-up for 3 months after the birth date. Through logistic regression adjusting for paternal age and race (and, in a subset, for maternal age, race, presence of IMIDs, and nonsingleton births), we compared the risk of major congenital malformations (primary outcome) and preterm birth and low birth weight in fathers exposed to thiopurines (n = 461), methotrexate (n = 171), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α antagonists (n = 1082), or non-TNF-targeting biologic agents (n = 132) vs fathers not exposed to any of these medications (n = 5607). RESULTS As compared to unexposed fathers (3.4% prevalence of major congenital malformations), exposure to thiopurines (relative risk [RR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-1.76), methotrexate (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.21-1.55), TNF-α antagonists (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.81-1.57), and non-TNF-targeting biologic agents (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.80-3.24) was not associated with increased risk of major congenital malformations. No association was observed between paternal medication exposure and risk of preterm birth or low birth weight. Results were stable on subanalyses of linked father-mother-newborn triads. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort study of 7453 expectant fathers with IMIDs, exposure to immunosuppressive or biologic agents around conception was not associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Meserve
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jiyu Luo
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;,OptumLabs Visiting Fellow, Eden Prairie, Minnesota
| | - Wenhong Zhu
- OptumLabs Visiting Fellow, Eden Prairie, Minnesota;,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Gretchen Bandoli
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christina D. Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Abha G. Singh
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brigid S. Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William J. Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Uma Mahadevan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; OptumLabs Visiting Fellow, Eden Prairie, Minnesota; Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Perez-Garcia LF, Dolhain RJEM, Vorstenbosch S, Bramer W, van Puijenbroek E, Hazes JMW, Te Winkel B. The effect of paternal exposure to immunosuppressive drugs on sexual function, reproductive hormones, fertility, pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 26:961-1001. [PMID: 32743663 PMCID: PMC7600290 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding the possible influence of immunosuppressive drugs on male sexual function and reproductive outcomes is scarce. Men diagnosed with immune-mediated diseases and a wish to become a father represent an important neglected population since they lack vital information to make balanced decisions about their treatment. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this research was to systematically review the literature for the influence of paternal immunosuppressive drug use on many aspects of male sexual health, such as sexual function, fertility, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health outcomes. SEARCH METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the bibliographic databases: Embase (via Elsevier embase.com), MEDLINE ALL via Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Trials (via Wiley) and Web of Science Core Collection. Additionally, Google Scholar and the Clinical trial registries of Europe and the USA were searched. The databases were searched from inception until 31 August 2019. The searches combined keywords regarding male sexual function and fertility, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health with a list of immunosuppressive drugs. Studies were included if they were published in English and if they included original data on male human exposure to immunosuppressive drugs. A meta-analysis was not possible to perform due to the heterogeneity of the data. OUTCOMES A total of 5867 references were identified, amongst which we identified 161 articles fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Amongst these articles, 50 included pregnancy and offspring outcomes and 130 included sexual health outcomes. Except for large Scandinavian cohorts, most of the identified articles included a small number of participants. While a clear negative effect on sperm quality was evident for sulfasalazine and cyclophosphamide, a dubious effect was identified for colchicine, methotrexate and sirolimus. In three articles, exposure to tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors in patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis resulted in improved sperm quality. The information regarding pregnancy and offspring outcomes was scant but no large negative effect associated with paternal immunosuppressive drug exposure was reported. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Evidence regarding the safety of immunosuppressive drugs in men with a wish to become a father is inconclusive. The lack of standardisation on how to evaluate and report male sexual function, fertility and reproduction as study outcomes in men exposed to immunosuppressive drugs is an important contributor to this result. Future research on this topic is needed and should be preferably done using standardised methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Perez-Garcia
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J E M Dolhain
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorstenbosch
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - W Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E van Puijenbroek
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J M W Hazes
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Te Winkel
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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12
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Aitken RJ, Bakos HW. Should we be measuring DNA damage in human spermatozoa? New light on an old question. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1175-1185. [PMID: 33532854 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessments of sperm DNA damage are controversial because of perceived uncertainties over the relationship with pregnancy and the limited range of therapies available should positive results be returned. In this article, we highlight recent data supporting a chain of associations between oxidative stress in the male germ line, DNA damage in spermatozoa, defective DNA repair in the oocyte, the mutational load carried by the resulting embryo and the long-term health trajectory of the offspring. Any condition capable of generating oxidative damage in spermatozoa (age, obesity, smoking, prolonged abstinence, varicocele, chemical exposures, radiation etc.) is capable of influencing offspring health in this manner, creating a range of pathologies in the progeny including neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer. If sperm DNA damage is detected, there are several therapeutic interventions that can be introduced to improve DNA quality prior to the use of these cells in ART. We therefore argue that infertility specialists should be engaged in the diagnosis and remediation of sperm DNA damage as a matter of best practice, in order to minimize the risk of adverse health outcomes in children conceived using ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hassan W Bakos
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Monash IVF Group Limited, Level 2, 1 Fennell Street, Parramatta, NSW 2151 Australia
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13
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Grover KM, Sripathi N. Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:664-672. [PMID: 32929722 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder with bimodal age of presentation, occurring in young women of reproductive age and at an older age in men. Occasionally, MG is diagnosed during pregnancy. Management of MG includes symptomatic treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and immunosuppressive therapy for controlling the disease activity. Treatment of MG in women of reproductive age, who may be contemplating pregnancy, requires discussion regarding the choice of medication as well as the understanding of risks/adverse effects involved with various treatments. During the peripartum period, it is essential to ensure careful monitoring of the disease state along with the well-being of the mother and fetus and to coordinate neonatal monitoring overseen by a multidisciplinary team comprising a high-risk maternal fetal medicine specialist, a neurologist familiar with these complex issues, and a neonatologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita M Grover
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.,Assistant Professor, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Naganand Sripathi
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.,Clinical Assistant Professor, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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14
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Bermas BL. Paternal safety of anti-rheumatic medications. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 64:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Men With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Sexual Function, Fertility, Medication Safety, and Prostate Cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:526-534. [PMID: 32022719 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Half of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are men, yet less attention has been focused on their sexual issues despite higher rates of sexual dysfunction and infertility than the general population. Depression and IBD disease activity are the most consistently reported risk factor for sexual dysfunction among men with IBD. Methotrexate and sulfasalazine have been rarely associated with impotence. Sulfasalazine reversibly reduces male fertility. No other medications used in IBD significantly affect fertility in humans. There is no increase in adverse fetal outcomes among offspring of fathers with IBD. Patients with IBD seem to be at a higher risk for prostate cancer; therefore, screening as recommended for high-risk patients should be considered.
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16
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Belizna C, Meroni PL, Shoenfeld Y, Devreese K, Alijotas-Reig J, Esteve-Valverde E, Chighizola C, Pregnolato F, Cohen H, Fassot C, Mattera PM, Peretti P, Levy A, Bernard L, Saiet M, Lagarce L, Briet M, Rivière M, Pellier I, Gascoin G, Rakotonjanahary J, Borghi MO, Stojanovich L, Djokovic A, Stanisavljevic N, Bromley R, Elefant-Amoura E, Bahi Buisson N, Pindi Sala T, Kelchtermans H, Makatsariya A, Bidsatze V, Khizroeva J, Latino JO, Udry S, Henrion D, Loufrani L, Guihot AL, Muchardt C, Hasan M, Ungeheuer MN, Voswinkel J, Damian L, Pabinger I, Gebhart J, Lopez Pedrera R, Cohen Tervaert JW, Tincani A, Andreoli L. In utero exposure to Azathioprine in autoimmune disease. Where do we stand? Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102525. [PMID: 32240856 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Azathioprine (AZA), an oral immunosuppressant, is safe during pregnancy. Some reports suggested different impairments in the offspring of mothers with autoimmune diseases (AI) exposed in utero to AZA. These observations are available from retrospective studies or case reports. However, data with respect to the long-term safety in the antenatally exposed child are still lacking. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge in this field and to focus on the need for a prospective study on this population. We performed a PubMed search using several search terms. The actual data show that although the risk of congenital anomalies in offspring, as well as the infertility risk, are similar to those found in general population, there is a higher incidence of prematurity, of lower weight at birth and an intra-uterine delay of development. There is also an increased risk of materno- fetal infections, especially cytomegalovirus infection. Some authors raise the interrogations about neurocognitive impairment. Even though the adverse outcomes might well be a consequence of maternal illness and disease activity, interest has been raised about a contribution of this drug. However, the interferences between the external agent (in utero exposure to AZA), with the host (child genetic susceptibility, immune system anomalies, emotional status), environment (public health, social context, availability of health care), economic, social, and behavioral conditions, cultural patterns, are complex and represent confounding factors. In conclusion, it is necessary to perform studies on the medium and long-term outcome of children born by mothers with autoimmune diseases, treated with AZA, in order to show the safety of AZA exposure. Only large-scale population studies with long-term follow-up will allow to formally conclude in this field. TAKE HOME MESSAGES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Belizna
- Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France; MITOVASC institute and CARFI facility, University of Angers, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France; Internal Medicine Department, Clinique de l'Anjou, Angers, France; UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France; INSERM U1083, Angers, France.
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Research Department Auxologico Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; I.M. Sechenow First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Katrien Devreese
- Coagulation Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology, Immunology and Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaume Alijotas-Reig
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonòma, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Chighizola
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Research Department Auxologico Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pregnolato
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Research Department Auxologico Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Hannah Cohen
- Haematology Department, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Celine Fassot
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinique de l'Anjou, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Martin Mattera
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Psychopathology, 3 place André Leroy, 49008 Angers, France
| | - Pascale Peretti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Psychopathology, 3 place André Leroy, 49008 Angers, France
| | - Alexandre Levy
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Psychopathology, 3 place André Leroy, 49008 Angers, France
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Psychopathology, 3 place André Leroy, 49008 Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Saiet
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Psychopathology, 3 place André Leroy, 49008 Angers, France
| | - Laurence Lagarce
- Departement of Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie Briet
- Departement of Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marianne Rivière
- French Lupus and Other Autoimmune Disease Patients Association, AFL+, Cuvry, France
| | - Isabelle Pellier
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Géraldine Gascoin
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Research Department Auxologico Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ljudmila Stojanovich
- Scientific Research Department, Internal Medicine-Rheumatology Bezhanijska Kosa, University Medical Center, Belgrade University, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Djokovic
- Scientific Research Department, Internal Medicine-Rheumatology Bezhanijska Kosa, University Medical Center, Belgrade University, Serbia
| | - Natasa Stanisavljevic
- Scientific Research Department, Internal Medicine-Rheumatology Bezhanijska Kosa, University Medical Center, Belgrade University, Serbia
| | - Rebecca Bromley
- Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Elisabeth Elefant-Amoura
- Genetical and Medical Embriology, CRAT Reference Center on Teratogenic Agents, Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, 26 avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, 75571 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi Buisson
- Neurology & Neurodevelopmental disorders Department Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris; INSERM U1163, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1163, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Taylor Pindi Sala
- EA 7334, Patient Centered Outcomes Research, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Hilde Kelchtermans
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Makatsariya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenow First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria Bidsatze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenow First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jamilya Khizroeva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenow First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jose Omar Latino
- Autoimmune and thrombophilic disorders Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Udry
- Autoimmune and thrombophilic disorders Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Henrion
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinique de l'Anjou, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinique de l'Anjou, Angers, France
| | | | - Christian Muchardt
- Unit of Epigenetic Regulation, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UMR3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Milena Hasan
- Cytometry and Biomarkers Unit of Technology and Service, Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue Doct Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Noelle Ungeheuer
- Clinical Investigation and Acces to Bioresources Department, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue Doct Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jan Voswinkel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland Medical School, University of Saarland, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Laura Damian
- Department of Rheumatology, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Haemostasis, University Hospital of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Gebhart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Haemostasis, University Hospital of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosario Lopez Pedrera
- Institute Maimónides of Biomedical Investigations, University Hospital Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; I.M. Sechenow First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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17
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Sammaritano LR, Bermas BL, Chakravarty EE, Chambers C, Clowse MEB, Lockshin MD, Marder W, Guyatt G, Branch DW, Buyon J, Christopher-Stine L, Crow-Hercher R, Cush J, Druzin M, Kavanaugh A, Laskin CA, Plante L, Salmon J, Simard J, Somers EC, Steen V, Tedeschi SK, Vinet E, White CW, Yazdany J, Barbhaiya M, Bettendorf B, Eudy A, Jayatilleke A, Shah AA, Sullivan N, Tarter LL, Birru Talabi M, Turgunbaev M, Turner A, D'Anci KE. 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Reproductive Health in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 72:461-488. [PMID: 32090466 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an evidence-based guideline on contraception, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), fertility preservation with gonadotoxic therapy, use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), pregnancy assessment and management, and medication use in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease (RMD). METHODS We conducted a systematic review of evidence relating to contraception, ART, fertility preservation, HRT, pregnancy and lactation, and medication use in RMD populations, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to rate the quality of evidence and a group consensus process to determine final recommendations and grade their strength (conditional or strong). Good practice statements were agreed upon when indirect evidence was sufficiently compelling that a formal vote was unnecessary. RESULTS This American College of Rheumatology guideline provides 12 ungraded good practice statements and 131 graded recommendations for reproductive health care in RMD patients. These recommendations are intended to guide care for all patients with RMD, except where indicated as being specific for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, those positive for antiphospholipid antibody, and/or those positive for anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB antibodies. Recommendations and good practice statements support several guiding principles: use of safe and effective contraception to prevent unplanned pregnancy, pre-pregnancy counseling to encourage conception during periods of disease quiescence and while receiving pregnancy-compatible medications, and ongoing physician-patient discussion with obstetrics/gynecology collaboration for all reproductive health issues, given the overall low level of available evidence that relates specifically to RMD. CONCLUSION This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations developed and reviewed by panels of experts and RMD patients. Many recommendations are conditional, reflecting a lack of data or low-level data. We intend that this guideline be used to inform a shared decision-making process between patients and their physicians on issues related to reproductive health that incorporates patients' values, preferences, and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Sammaritano
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael D Lockshin
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Wendy Marder
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Jill Buyon
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - John Cush
- Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Plante
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Salmon
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Evelyne Vinet
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Medha Barbhaiya
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | | | - Amanda Eudy
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Turner
- American College of Rheumatology, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Sammaritano LR, Bermas BL, Chakravarty EE, Chambers C, Clowse MEB, Lockshin MD, Marder W, Guyatt G, Branch DW, Buyon J, Christopher‐Stine L, Crow‐Hercher R, Cush J, Druzin M, Kavanaugh A, Laskin CA, Plante L, Salmon J, Simard J, Somers EC, Steen V, Tedeschi SK, Vinet E, White CW, Yazdany J, Barbhaiya M, Bettendorf B, Eudy A, Jayatilleke A, Shah AA, Sullivan N, Tarter LL, Birru Talabi M, Turgunbaev M, Turner A, D'Anci KE. 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Reproductive Health in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:529-556. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wendy Marder
- University of Michigan School of Medicine Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Jill Buyon
- New York University School of Medicine New York New York
| | | | | | - John Cush
- Baylor Research Institute Dallas Texas
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Plante
- Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Salmon
- Weill Cornell MedicineHospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Evelyne Vinet
- McGill University Health Center Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | | | - Medha Barbhaiya
- Weill Cornell MedicineHospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | | | - Amanda Eudy
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Turner
- American College of Rheumatology Atlanta Georgia
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19
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Friedman S. DDS Profile: Sonia Friedman, MD. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2703-2705. [PMID: 31388857 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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20
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Nørgård BM, Jølving LR, Larsen MD, Friedman S. Parental IBD and Long-term Health Outcomes in the Offspring. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1339-1348. [PMID: 30624631 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the research on reproductive consequences in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has focused on short-term outcomes, including adverse pregnancy outcomes (eg, abruptio placenta, placenta previa, preeclampsia/eclampsia) and adverse birth outcomes (eg, small for gestational age, preterm birth, and congenital malformations). The long-term health outcomes of the children of parents with IBD have been studied to a much lesser extent, and there is a critical research gap in understanding the influence of parental IBD on long-term outcomes. In this review, we propose the reasons for this lack of evidence and highlight the weakest areas of the research on the impact of parental IBD on offspring health. We will focus on health outcomes in children of parents with IBD from an age of 1 year through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Mertz Nørgård
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Denmark.,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Line Riis Jølving
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense Denmark
| | - Michael Due Larsen
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense Denmark
| | - Sonia Friedman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Denmark.,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Shannahan SE, Erlich JM, Peppercorn MA. Insights into the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284819852231. [PMID: 31191713 PMCID: PMC6540496 DOI: 10.1177/1756284819852231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are most commonly diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood, with half of patients being diagnosed before age 32, thus impacting peak years of reproduction and family planning. While controlled IBD has no negative effects on the ability to conceive, there is overall a trend towards voluntary childlessness due to patients' concerns for adverse fetal outcomes from underlying IBD and from adverse medication effects. Active disease at the time of conception is associated with worsening disease activity during pregnancy and carries a higher risk of poor fetal outcomes. It is therefore important to maintain remission during pregnancy, which is often achieved with pharmacologic therapy. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature and safety data for pharmacologic treatment of IBD in pregnancy, in breastfeeding women, and in men planning to have children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Shannahan
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Erlich
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A. Peppercorn
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Safety of anti-rheumatic drugs in men trying to conceive: A systematic review and analysis of published evidence. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 48:911-920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Grosen A, Nersting J, Bungum M, Christensen LA, Schmiegelow K, Spanò M, Julsgaard M, Cordelli E, Leter G, Larsen PB, Hvas CL, Kelsen J. Sperm DNA Integrity is Unaffected by Thiopurine Treatment in Men With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:3-11. [PMID: 29917107 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sperm DNA integrity, concentration, and motility are suspected to be altered by thiopurines (azathioprine [AZA] and 6-mercaptopurine [6-MP]). We investigated the impact of thiopurines on semen quality in men with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], by a comprehensive panel of semen analyses. METHODS Semen from 40 men with IBD, in remission on AZA/6-MP therapy, was prospectively collected and compared with samples from 40 healthy volunteers. Paired samples [off and on AZA/6-MP] were obtained from a subset of IBD patients, and blood and semen were collected to determine 6-MP transmission to the ejaculate. Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated via sperm chromatin structure assay [SCSA] and Comet analysis. Conventional World Health Organization [WHO] parameters, i.e. semen volume and sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, were assessed. Additionally, we measured thioguanine nucleotide [TGN] incorporation in sperm cell DNA. RESULTS Sperm DNA fragmentation levels did not differ between men with IBD on AZA/6-MP and healthy volunteers when evaluated by SCSA [p = 0.23] and Comet analysis [p = 0.72]. IBD patients on AZA/6-MP had significantly lower total and progressive sperm motility than healthy volunteers [48.5% versus 64.5%, p = 0.0003; 27.4% versus 43.3%, p = 0.0004; respectively], with no differences in concentration, volume, or morphology. The same trend was observed in the 10 paired samples. TGN incorporation was not detectable in sperm DNA, but 6-MP was detected in seminal plasma and correlated to blood levels [rs = 0.79, p = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Thiopurines do not increase sperm DNA fragmentation but may impair sperm motility in this IBD cohort. Our findings support existing epidemiological data that thiopurine therapy is safe during preconception and should not be abandoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grosen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Nersting
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona Bungum
- Reproductive Medicine Centre [RMC], Skaane University Hospital, Malmoe, Sweden
| | - Lisbet Ambrosius Christensen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcello Spanò
- Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA [Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development], Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Mette Julsgaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eugenia Cordelli
- Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA [Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development], Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Leter
- Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA [Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development], Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Christian Lodberg Hvas
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Kelsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Paternal Disease Activity Is Associated With Difficulty in Conception Among Men With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:203-204. [PMID: 29653290 PMCID: PMC6181789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity and treatment on fertility and pregnancy outcomes is important for men and women. In women, remission at conception determines better pregnancy outcomes,1,2 and most maternal IBD medication exposures are safe.2 In contrast, less is known about the impact of paternal disease activity and medication use on fertility and pregnancy outcomes in men with IBD.3.
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Sammaritano LR, Bermas BL. Management of pregnancy and lactation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018; 32:750-766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Simsek M, Lambalk CB, Wilschut JA, Mulder CJJ, de Boer NKH. The associations of thiopurines with male fertility and paternally exposed offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 24:192-206. [PMID: 29190351 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiopurines are widely used immunosuppressive agents. In high dosages, they inhibit the purine synthesis and are considered to be possibly harmful to spermatogenesis, and subsequently to men's fertility and their offspring. However, the clear association between thiopurine exposure and male fertility and reproduction safety, if any, is still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this review was to systematically summarize and meta-analyse the available data, derived from animal and human studies, regarding the influence of thiopurine exposure on fertility and conception safety in men and their offspring. SEARCH METHODS A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed using a combination of relevant terms related to 'thiopurines', 'fertility', 'conception', 'reproduction', 'semen quality' and 'birth outcome', combined with 'male', 'men', 'father' and 'paternal'. The search was not restricted exclusively to human subjects, neither to a type of disease or condition, to gather all available studies with regards to this topic. All published articles on thiopurines and male fertility, written in English and published until May 2017, were screened for eligibility. The GRADE guidelines were used to assess the quality of evidence of the included articles. OUTCOMES A total of 28 studies (including 14 observational studies in humans) were included in this review and six of these were included in the meta-analysis. In various rodents, thiopurines adversely affected the germ cells (in administered doses of 2 to 20 times the human equivalent dose). In human studies, thiopurine therapy was not evidently associated with impaired testicular function or semen quality in 83 men with a variety of underlying diseases. In total, 53 out of 975 offspring with congenital anomalies (5.4%, the background prevalence is 3%), possibly as a result of paternal thiopurine exposure, were described in all studies together. The risk of congenital anomalies was not significantly increased when compared with offspring without paternal thiopurine exposure (4.7%) (pooled odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 0.75, 2.34). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Thiopurines have spermatotoxic effects in rodents. In humans, overall data are limited and derived from underpowered studies, and therefore not conclusive with regards to the possible effects of thiopurines on spermatogenesis or paternally exposed offspring. Larger, epidemiological trials evaluating the safety of thiopurines to men's fertility and their offspring are mandatory to adequately counsel thiopurine treated men who wish to conceive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Simsek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), PO Box 7075, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis B Lambalk
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University medical centre (VUmc), PO Box 7075, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke A Wilschut
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University (VU), Medical Faculty (F-wing), 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), PO Box 7075, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), PO Box 7075, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Background Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active immunosuppressive substance in both mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolate sodium, and it is widely used after organ transplantation. In women, taking MPA is teratogenic and may also influence spermatogenesis. There is a lack of knowledge regarding outcome of pregnancies fathered by men exposed to MPA. Methods We compared outcomes in pregnancies fathered by renal transplant men per whether they had been exposed to MPA or not at time of conception. A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study was performed. Data from the Norwegian Renal Registry with all renal transplanted men alive between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2015 were included, and relevant outcome data were extracted from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Results During the given time, 230 immunosuppressed renal transplanted men fathered 350 children (155 on MPA/195 not on MPA). There were no significant increased risks of malformation (3.9% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.49) in MPA exposed versus unexposed cohorts of children. The average dose (±SD) of mycophenolate was 1.42 ± 0.3 g/day and the individual median MPA trough concentration in the time period of anticipated conception and pregnancy was 2.8 ± 1.6 mg/L. Birth weight was similar in exposed and unexposed cohorts of children; 3381 ± 681 g vs. 3429 ± 714 g (P = 0.53). Conclusions Paternal exposure to MPA did not increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes in children fathered by male kidney transplanted patients. These results are reassuring and support the continuation of paternal MPA treatment before, during, and after conception. Paternal exposure to mycophenolic acid (MPA) did not increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes in children fathered by male kidney transplanted patients and reassuring and support the continuation of paternal MPA treatment before, during and after conception.
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Habas K, Brinkworth MH, Anderson D. In vitro responses to known in vivo genotoxic agents in mouse germ cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:99-107. [PMID: 28205273 DOI: 10.1002/em.22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic compounds have induced DNA damage in male germ cells and have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes including enhanced risks for maternal, paternal and offspring health. DNA strand breaks represent a great threat to the genomic integrity of germ cells. Such integrity is essential to maintain spermatogenesis and prevent reproduction failure. The Comet assay results revealed that the incubation of isolated germ cells with n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (ENU), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) led to increase in length of Olive tail moment and % tail DNA when compared with the untreated control cells and these effects were concentration-dependent. All compounds were significantly genotoxic in cultured germ cells. Exposure of isolated germ cells to ENU produced the highest concentration-related increase in both DNA damage and gene expression changes in spermatogonia. Spermatocytes were most sensitive to 6-MP, with DNA damage and gene expression changes while spermatids were particularly susceptible to MMS. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA level expression of p53 increased and bcl-2 decreased significantly with the increasing ENU, 6-MP and MMS concentrations in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids respectively for 24 hr. Both are gene targets for DNA damage response and apoptosis. These observations may help explain the cell alterations caused by ENU, 6-MP and MMS in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. Taken together, ENU, 6-MP and MMS induced DNA damage and decreased apoptosis associated gene expression in the germ cells in vitro. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:99-107, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Habas
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin H Brinkworth
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Anderson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
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Immunosuppressants and Male Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1034:179-210. [PMID: 29256132 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged use of immunosuppressant medications is occasionally seen in infertile men with chronic inflammatory conditions; autoimmune disorders; or an organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Chronic inflammation impacts negatively on male reproductive endpoints, so immunosuppressant therapy can produce improvements. Corticosteroids have been used to treat antisperm antibodies and even as an empirical treatment for male infertility in general. Trials of these methods have provided mixed results on semen quality and fertility, with improvement, no change and negative effects reported by different investigators. In a substantial number of observational studies, patients on long-term therapy with prednisone for chronic inflammatory disease, testosterone levels were lower compared to untreated controls, though randomized controlled trials have not been conducted. Similarly decreases in testosterone have been reported in men receiving corticosteroids to minimize transplant rejection; however, most were treated with multiple immunosuppressive medications that may have contributed to this effect. A large number of trials of healthy men treated with corticosteroids have shown some disruption in reproductive hormone levels, but other studies reported no effect. Studies in monkeys, rats (at human equivalent dose), cattle, sheep, and horses have shown endocrine disruption, including low testosterone with dexamethasone treatment. Of the cytostatic immunosuppressives, which have high potential for cellular damage, cyclophosphamide has received the most attention, sometimes lowering sperm counts significantly. Methotrexate may decrease sperm numbers in humans and has significant negative impacts in rodents. Other chemotherapeutic drugs used as immunosuppressants are likely to impact negatively on male fertility endpoints, but few data have been collected. The TNF-α Inhibitors have also received little experimental attention. There is some evidence that the immunophilin modulators: cyclosporine, sirolimus, and everolimus cause endocrine disruption and semen quality impairment. As we review in this chapter, results in experimental species are concerning, and well-designed studies are lacking for the effects of these medications on reproductive endpoints in men.
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