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An H, Chen S, Zhang X, Ke S, Ke J, Lu Y. PHF19 before and post induction treatment possess favorable potency of reflecting treatment response to protease inhibitors, event-free survival, and overall survival in multiple myeloma patients. Hematology 2024; 29:2331389. [PMID: 38511642 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2331389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plant homeodomain finger protein 19 (PHF19) regulates hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and promotes multiple myeloma (MM) progression. This study intended to explore the potency of PHF19 at baseline and post induction treatment in estimating treatment response to protease inhibitors and survival in MM patients. METHODS This retrospective study screened 69 MM patients who received protease inhibitors with bone marrow (BM) samples available at both baseline and post induction treatment. Twenty healthy BM donors were included as healthy controls (HCs). PHF19 in plasma cells from BM was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS PHF19 at baseline and post induction treatment in MM patients were increased than in HCs. In MM patients, PHF19 was declined post induction treatment. Elevated PHF19 at baseline and post induction treatment were correlated with renal impairment, beta-2-microglobulin ≥5.5 mg/L, t (4; 14), higher international staging system (ISS) stage, and higher revised ISS (R-ISS) stage. Concerning treatment response, PHF19 at baseline and post induction treatment were negatively associated with complete response and overall response rate. Notably, abnormal PHF19 (above 95% quantile value of PHF19 in HCs) at baseline and post induction treatment were linked with shortened event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). After adjustment, abnormal PHF19 post induction treatment was independently related to shortened EFS (hazard ratio = 2.474) and OS (hazard ratio = 3.124). CONCLUSION PHF19 is aberrantly high and declines post induction therapy, which simultaneously reflects unfavorable treatment response to protease inhibitors as well as shorter EFS and OS in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu An
- Department of Hematology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shandong Ke
- Department of Hematology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Ke
- Department of Hematology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Lu
- Department of Hematology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, People's Republic of China
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Kang J, Lee JH, Cha H, An J, Kwon J, Lee S, Kim S, Baykan MY, Kim SY, An D, Kwon AY, An HJ, Lee SH, Choi JK, Park JE. Systematic dissection of tumor-normal single-cell ecosystems across a thousand tumors of 30 cancer types. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4067. [PMID: 38744958 PMCID: PMC11094150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the tumor microenvironment poses significant challenges in cancer therapy. Here, to comprehensively investigate the tumor-normal ecosystems, we perform an integrative analysis of 4.9 million single-cell transcriptomes from 1070 tumor and 493 normal samples in combination with pan-cancer 137 spatial transcriptomics, 8887 TCGA, and 1261 checkpoint inhibitor-treated bulk tumors. We define a myriad of cell states constituting the tumor-normal ecosystems and also identify hallmark gene signatures across different cell types and organs. Our atlas characterizes distinctions between inflammatory fibroblasts marked by AKR1C1 or WNT5A in terms of cellular interactions and spatial co-localization patterns. Co-occurrence analysis reveals interferon-enriched community states including tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) components, which exhibit differential rewiring between tumor, adjacent normal, and healthy normal tissues. The favorable response of interferon-enriched community states to immunotherapy is validated using immunotherapy-treated cancers (n = 1261) including our lung cancer cohort (n = 497). Deconvolution of spatial transcriptomes discriminates TLS-enriched from non-enriched cell types among immunotherapy-favorable components. Our systematic dissection of tumor-normal ecosystems provides a deeper understanding of inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongui Cha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonha Kwon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cancer Data Science, National Cancer Center, Bioinformatics Branch, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongryong Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mert Yakup Baykan
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Li L, Song Q, Zhou J, Ji Q. Controllers of histone methylation-modifying enzymes in gastrointestinal cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116488. [PMID: 38520871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have been considered primarily genetic malignancies, caused by a series of progressive genetic alterations. Accumulating evidence shows that histone methylation, an epigenetic modification program, plays an essential role in the different pathological stages of GI cancer progression, such as precancerous lesions, tumorigenesis, and tumor metastasis. Histone methylation-modifying enzymes, including histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and demethylases (HDMs), are the main executor of post-transcriptional modification. The abnormal expression of histone methylation-modifying enzymes characterizes GI cancers with complex pathogenesis and progression. Interactions between upstream controllers and histone methylation-modifying enzymes have recently been revealed, and have provided numerous opportunities to elucidate the pathogenesis of GI cancers in depth and clearly. Here we focus on the association between histone methylation-modifying enzymes and their controllers, aiming to provide a new perspective on the molecular research and clinical management of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China.
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Takahashi K, Shoda K, Takiguchi K, Higuchi Y, Matsuoka K, Nakayama T, Saito R, Maruyama S, Nakata Y, Furuya S, Shiraishi K, Akaike H, Kawaguchi Y, Amemiya H, Kawaida H, Ichikawa D. Prognostic Impact of Stromal Profiles Educated by Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2309-2318. [PMID: 37919449 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts exhibit diversity and have several subtypes. The underlying relationship between the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts and their effect on gastric cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into cancer-associated fibroblasts with gastric cancer cell lines; clinical specimens were used to further investigate the impact of cancer-associated fibroblast diversity on cancer progression. METHODS Nine gastric cancer cell lines (NUGC3, NUGC4, MKN7, MKN45, MKN74, FU97, OCUM1, NCI-N87, and KATOIII) were used to induce mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into cancer-associated fibroblasts. The cancer-associated fibroblasts were classified based on ACTA2 and PDPN expression. Cell function analysis was used to examine the impact of cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes on cancer cell phenotype. Tissue samples from 97gastric patients who underwent gastrectomy were used to examine the clinical significance of each subtype classified according to cancer-associated fibroblast expression. RESULTS Co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells with nine gastric cancer cell lines revealed different subtypes of ACTA2 and PDPN expression in differentiated cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes with high ACTA2 plus PDPN expression levels significantly increased gastric cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. The cancer-associated fibroblast subtype with ACTA2 plus PDPN expression was an independent prognostic factor along with lymph node metastasis for patients who had gastric cancer and were undergoing surgery. CONCLUSIONS Cancer-associated fibroblasts are educated by gastric cancer cells during the development of cancer-associated fibroblast diversity. Differentiated cancer-associated fibroblasts with distinct expression patterns could affect gastric cancer progression and enable prognostic stratification for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Takahashi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Koichi Takiguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yudai Higuchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuoka
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryo Saito
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Suguru Maruyama
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakata
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Furuya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Shiraishi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaike
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kawaguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidetake Amemiya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kawaida
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Chen Y, Liu W, Xu X, Zhen H, Pang B, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Liu H. The Role of H3K27me3-Mediated Th17 Differentiation in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02002-9. [PMID: 38517649 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are the major effector cells mediating AS inflammation. Histone 3 Lys 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) is an inhibitory histone modification that silences gene transcription and plays an important role in Th17 differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of H3K27me3 in patients with AS and to explore its epigenetic regulation mechanism of Th17 differentiation during AS inflammation. We collected serum samples from 45 patients with AS at various stages and 10 healthy controls to measure their Interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels using ELISA. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the mRNA levels of RORc and the signaling molecules of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, JMJD3, and EZH2. Additionally, Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the protein levels of H3K27me3, RORγt, JAK2, STAT3, JMJD3, and EZH2 in cell protein extracts. The results showed that H3K27me3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was significantly lower in patients with active AS compared to both the normal control groups and those with stable AS. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between H3K27me3 expression and the characteristic transcription factor of Th17 differentiation, RORγt. We also discovered that patients with active AS exhibited significantly higher levels of JMJD3, an inhibitor of H3K27 demethylase, compared to the normal control group and patients with stable AS, while the expression of H3K27 methyltransferase (EZH2) was significantly lower. These findings suggest that H3K27me3 may be a dynamic and important epigenetic modification in AS inflammation, and JMJD3/EZH2 regulates the methylation level of H3K27me3, which may be one of the key regulatory factors in the pathogenesis of AS. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of epigenetics in AS and may have implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital Jinan, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hongying Zhen
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical School, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Clinical Laboratory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hongxiao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Liu S, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Zhang M, Zhang C, Shen L. Claudin-18.2 mediated interaction of gastric Cancer cells and Cancer-associated fibroblasts drives tumor progression. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:27. [PMID: 38200591 PMCID: PMC10777637 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) has emerged as an alluring therapeutic target against gastrointestinal tumors in recent years. However, a thorough understanding of its regulatory mechanism in gastric cancer remains elusive. METHODS We presented a comprehensive study comprising 185 gastric cancer patients, which included 112 cases with high CLDN18.2 expression and 73 cases with low CLDN18.2 expression as determined by immunohistochemistry. After overdressed CLDN18.2 in AGS and NUGC4 cell lines, we elucidated the functions of CLDN18.2 in connecting gastric cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through an in vitro adhesion models and in vivo lung colonization models. The molecular mechanism underlying CLDN18.2-mediated interaction between gastric cancer cells and CAFs was identified through RNA sequencing and protein-proximity labeling techniques in vivo. RESULTS In our own cohort, a correlation was observed between high levels of CLDN18.2 expression and advanced cancer stage, poor prognosis, and heightened infiltration of CAFs. We elucidated a pivotal role of CLDN18.2 in mediating adhesion between gastric cancer cells and CAFs, which leads to the adhesion of cancer cells to stroma tissue and facilitates the clustering of cancer cells and CAFs into embolus, enhancing gastric cancer's metastatic progression and the risk of embolic death. Mechanistically, it was discovered that CAFs can activate adhesion and metastasis-related signaling pathways in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, using an in vivo protein-proximity labeling approach, we identified S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) as a distinctive marker of CAFs that interacts with CLDN18.2 to enhance gastric cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illuminated the role of the CLDN18.2-mediated interaction between cancer cells and CAFs in promoting gastric cancer progression and embolism, thereby providing insight into potential therapeutic avenues for CLDN18.2 positive cancers. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengde Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Kotani S, Shibagaki K, Hirahara N, Hasegawa N, Tanabe R, Ebisutani Y, Nonomura S, Kishimoto K, Kodama Y, Takahashi Y, Kataoka M, Oka A, Fukuba N, Mishima Y, Oshima N, Kawashima K, Ishimura N, Araki A, Kadota K, Itawaki A, Nagasaki M, Miyaoka Y, Onuma H, Ishihara S. Clinicopathologic differences of gastric neoplasms between Helicobacter pylori-infected and -naïve patients: a multicenter retrospective analysis. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:1-10. [PMID: 37855982 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric neoplasms in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-naïve patients has recently increased due to a remarkable decrease in the Hp-infected population in Japan. We investigated the clinicopathologic differences between Hp-infected gastric neoplasms (HpIGNs) and Hp-naïve gastric neoplasms (HpNGNs) that have not been fully elucidated so far. METHODS This retrospective multicenter study investigated 966 consecutive patients with 1131 gastric dysplasia or cancers who underwent endoscopic or surgical treatment for the recent decade. Clinicopathologic features were compared between HpIGN and HpNGN cases. RESULTS One thousand and sixty-eight HpIGNs in 916 patients included 877 differentiated types and 191 undifferentiated types. Sixty-three HpNGNs in 50 patients included 57 differentiated types (35 foveolar types, 15 intestinal types, 6 fundic-gland types, and 1 other differentiated type) and 6 undifferentiated types. HpNGNs occurred in younger (59.5 vs. 71.8 years, p < 0.05) and female patients (40.0% vs. 26.5%, p < 0.05), were found more frequently in the proximal compartment (p < 0.05), and had smaller size (median 4.0 vs. 20.0 mm, p < 0.05). Histologically, HpNGNs and HpIGNs both primarily consisted of differentiated type (90.5% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.089) and HpNGNs showed lower prevalence of invasive cancer (11.1% vs. 37.6%, p < 0.05) and lymphovascular invasion (1.6% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.05). Nearly all HpNGNs (62/63, 98.4%) were diagnosed in early pathological stage, while 16.1% (172/1068) of HpIGNs were diagnosed in advanced stage (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HpNGNs is recently on the increase but shows lower malignant nature regardless of histologic type than HpIGN. Endoscopic gastric cancer screening will be reviewed via cost effectiveness for Hp-naïve individuals in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kotani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shibagaki
- Department of Endoscopy, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Hirahara
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuri Ebisutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Saya Nonomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Fukuba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Endoscopy, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kousaku Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kyuichi Kadota
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Ayako Itawaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hamada Medical Center, Hamada, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagasaki
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Hamada Medical Center, Hamada, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Onuma
- Department of Pathology, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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Krzysiek-Maczka G, Brzozowski T, Ptak-Belowska A. Helicobacter pylori-activated fibroblasts as a silent partner in gastric cancer development. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1219-1256. [PMID: 37460910 PMCID: PMC10713772 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection of gastric mucosa leading to active chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and MALT lymphoma laid the groundwork for understanding of the general relationship between chronic infection, inflammation, and cancer. Nevertheless, this sequence of events is still far from full understanding with new players and mediators being constantly identified. Originally, the Hp virulence factors affecting mainly gastric epithelium were proposed to contribute considerably to gastric inflammation, ulceration, and cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that Hp possesses the ability to penetrate the mucus layer and directly interact with stroma components including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These cells, which are the source of biophysical and biochemical signals providing the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation within gastric epithelial stem cell compartment, when exposed to Hp, can convert into cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. The crosstalk between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with gastric epithelial cells including stem/progenitor cell niche involves several pathways mediated by non-coding RNAs, Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling ligands. The current review concentrates on the consequences of Hp-induced increase in gastric fibroblast and myofibroblast number, and their activation towards CAFs with the emphasis to the altered communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cell compartment, which may lead to inflammation, epithelial stem cell overproliferation, disturbed differentiation, and gradual gastric cancer development. Thus, Hp-activated fibroblasts may constitute the target for anti-cancer treatment and, importantly, for the pharmacotherapies diminishing their activation particularly at the early stages of Hp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
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9
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Mezawa Y, Wang T, Daigo Y, Takano A, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Yamashita T, Yang L, Maruyama R, Seimiya H, Orimo A. Glutamine deficiency drives transforming growth factor-β signaling activation that gives rise to myofibroblastic carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4376-4387. [PMID: 37706357 PMCID: PMC10637058 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), abundant in the mammary tumor microenvironment (TME), maintain transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-Smad2/3 signaling activation and the myofibroblastic state, the hallmark of activated fibroblasts. How myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) arise in the TME and which epigenetic and metabolic alterations underlie activated fibroblastic phenotypes remain, however, poorly understood. We herein show global histone deacetylation in myCAFs present in tumors to be significantly associated with poorer outcomes in breast cancer patients. As the TME is subject to glutamine (Gln) deficiency, human mammary fibroblasts (HMFs) were cultured in Gln-starved medium. Global histone deacetylation and TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation are induced in these cells, largely mediated by class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Additionally, mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is attenuated in Gln-starved HMFs, and mTORC1 inhibition in Gln-supplemented HMFs with rapamycin treatment boosts TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation. These data indicate that mTORC1 suppression mediates TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation in Gln-starved HMFs. Global histone deacetylation, class I HDAC activation, and mTORC1 suppression are also observed in cultured human breast CAFs. Class I HDAC inhibition or mTORC1 activation by high-dose Gln supplementation significantly attenuates TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling and the myofibroblastic state in these cells. These data indicate class I HDAC activation and mTORC1 suppression to be required for maintenance of myCAF traits. Taken together, these findings indicate that Gln starvation triggers TGF-β signaling activation in HMFs through class I HDAC activity and mTORC1 suppression, presumably inducing myCAF conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tingwei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center; Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center; Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics DivisionKanagawa Cancer Center Research InstituteYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery and OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Liying Yang
- Project for Cancer EpigenomicsCancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer EpigenomicsCancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
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10
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Zhao Z, Li T, Sun L, Yuan Y, Zhu Y. Potential mechanisms of cancer-associated fibroblasts in therapeutic resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115425. [PMID: 37660643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous improvements in research and new cancer therapeutics, the goal of eradicating cancer remains elusive because of drug resistance. For a long time, drug resistance research has been focused on tumor cells themselves; however, recent studies have found that the tumor microenvironment also plays an important role in inducing drug resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a main component of the tumor microenvironment. They cross-talk with cancer cells to support their survival in the presence of anticancer drugs. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of CAFs in tumor drug resistance. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying the cross-talk between CAFs and cancer cells and insight into the importance of CAFs in drug resistance can guide the development of new anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.
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11
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Liu R, Zhao E, Yu H, Yuan C, Abbas MN, Cui H. Methylation across the central dogma in health and diseases: new therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:310. [PMID: 37620312 PMCID: PMC10449936 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is essential for cell-fate control, development, and health. Methylation of DNA, RNAs, histones, and non-histone proteins is a reversible post-synthesis modification that finetunes gene expression and function in diverse physiological processes. Aberrant methylation caused by genetic mutations or environmental stimuli promotes various diseases and accelerates aging, necessitating the development of therapies to correct the disease-driver methylation imbalance. In this Review, we summarize the operating system of methylation across the central dogma, which includes writers, erasers, readers, and reader-independent outputs. We then discuss how dysregulation of the system contributes to neurological disorders, cancer, and aging. Current small-molecule compounds that target the modifiers show modest success in certain cancers. The methylome-wide action and lack of specificity lead to undesirable biological effects and cytotoxicity, limiting their therapeutic application, especially for diseases with a monogenic cause or different directions of methylation changes. Emerging tools capable of site-specific methylation manipulation hold great promise to solve this dilemma. With the refinement of delivery vehicles, these new tools are well positioned to advance the basic research and clinical translation of the methylation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaoyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Yuan H, Lu Y, Feng Y, Wang N. Epigenetic inhibitors for cancer treatment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 383:89-144. [PMID: 38359972 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a heritable and reversible modification that occurs independent of the alteration of primary DNA sequence but remarkably affects genetic expression. Aberrant epigenetic regulators are frequently observed in cancer progression not only influencing the behavior of tumor cells but also the tumor-associated microenvironment (TME). Increasing evidence has shown their great potential as biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes and chemoresistance. Hence, targeting the deregulated epigenetic regulators would be a compelling strategy for cancer treatment. So far, current epigenetic drugs have shown promising efficacy in both preclinical trials and clinical treatment of cancer, which encourages research discoveries on the development of novel epigenetic inhibitors either from natural compounds or artificial synthesis. However, only a few have been approved by the FDA, and more effort needs to be put into the related research. This chapter will update the applications and latest progress of epigenetic inhibitors in cancer treatment and provide prospects for the future development of epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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13
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Huang J, Tsang WY, Li ZH, Guan XY. The Origin, Differentiation, and Functions of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:503-511. [PMID: 37451403 PMCID: PMC10462789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown the importance of the tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis and progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most infiltrated stroma cells of the tumor microenvironment in gastrointestinal tumors. CAFs play crucial roles in tumor development and therapeutic response by biologically secreting soluble factors or structurally remodeling the extracellular matrix. Conceivably, CAFs may become excellent targets for tumor prevention and treatment. However, the limited knowledge of the heterogeneity of CAFs represents a huge challenge for clinically targeting CAFs. In this review, we summarize the newest understanding of gastrointestinal CAFs, with a special focus on their origin, differentiation, and function. We also discuss the current understanding of CAF subpopulations as shown by single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Ying Tsang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China.
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14
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Kehrberg RJ, Bhyravbhatla N, Batra SK, Kumar S. Epigenetic regulation of cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188901. [PMID: 37120098 PMCID: PMC10375465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a significant component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), contribute to cancer progression through the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and metabolites. It is now well recognized that CAFs are a heterogenous population with ablation experiments leading to reduced tumor growth and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrating CAF subgroups. CAFs lack genetic mutations yet substantially differ from their normal stromal precursors. Here, we review epigenetic changes in CAF maturation, focusing on DNA methylation and histone modifications. DNA methylation changes in CAFs have been demonstrated globally, while roles of methylation at specific genes affect tumor growth. Further, loss of CAF histone methylation and gain of histone acetylation has been shown to promote CAF activation and tumor promotion. Many CAF activating factors, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), lead to these epigenetic changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as targets and orchestrators of epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET), an epigenetic reader, recognizes histone acetylation and activates the transcription of genes leading to the pro-tumor phenotype of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Kehrberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Namita Bhyravbhatla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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15
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Yasuda T, Baba H, Ishimoto T. Cellular senescence in the tumor microenvironment and context-specific cancer treatment strategies. FEBS J 2023; 290:1290-1302. [PMID: 34653317 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence in cancer development is known to have tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting roles. Recent studies have revealed numerous molecular mechanisms of senescence followed by senescence-associated secretory phenotype induction and showed the significance of senescence on both sides. Cellular senescence in stromal cells is one of the reasons for therapeutic resistance in advanced cancer; thus, it is an inevitable phenomenon to address while seeking an effective cancer treatment strategy. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms regarding cellular senescence, focusing on the dual roles played by senescence, and offers some direction toward successful treatments targeting harmful senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahito Yasuda
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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16
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Loe AKH, Zhu L, Kim TH. Chromatin and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:22-31. [PMID: 36653445 PMCID: PMC9898530 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. It is a multifactorial disease highly influenced by environmental factors, which include radiation, smoking, diet, and infectious pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic regulators are frequently altered in GC, playing critical roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. While it is known that environmental factors cause widespread alterations in DNA methylation, promoting carcinogenesis, the chromatin- and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing recent discoveries addressing the roles of histone modifiers and noncoding RNAs and the mechanisms of their interactions in gastric tumorigenesis. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation would likely facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting specific epigenetic regulators in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kwan Ho Loe
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Lexin Zhu
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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17
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Huang R, Wu Y, Zou Z. Combining EZH2 inhibitors with other therapies for solid tumors: more choices for better effects. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1449-1464. [PMID: 36601794 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is an epigenetic regulator that methylates lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27) and is closely related to the development and metastasis of tumors. It often shows gain-of-function mutations in hematological tumors, while it is often overexpressed in solid tumors. EZH2 inhibitors have shown good efficacy in hematological tumors in clinical trials but poor efficacy in solid tumors. Therefore, current research on EZH2 inhibitors has focused on exploring additional combination strategies in solid tumors. Herein we summarize the combinations and mechanisms of EZH2 inhibitors and other therapies, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and epigenetic therapy, both in clinical trials and preclinical studies, aiming to provide a reference for better antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yirong Wu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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18
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Tong Y, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhu Y. High expressions of CD10, FAP and GPR77 in CAFs are associated with chemoresistance and worse prognosis in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:984817. [PMID: 36387219 PMCID: PMC9650088 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.984817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) has been successfully introduced in gastric cancer (GC), more biomarkers are needed to evaluate the efficacy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is associated with chemoresistance and prognosis. Three biomarkers, CD10, fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) and G-protein-coupled receptor 77 (GPR77), have been proved to express in CAFs. However, their predictive values for efficacy of NCT and prognosis in gastric cancer is unknown. METHODS Totally, specimens of 171 locally advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent NCT and D2 radical gastrectomy and matched preoperative biopsy specimens were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor regression grade (TRG) is reevaluated according to Mandard TRG. Expressions of CD10, FAP and GPR77 in CAFs before NCT (pre-) and after NCT (post-) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Survival curves on overall survival (OS) were obtained by Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were analyzed by log-rank test. Associations between categorical variables were explored by chi-square test or Fisher's exact method. Univariable and multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS High expressions of post-CD10, post-FAP, post-GPR77 and pre-CD10 were related to worse TRG (all p<0.05). In multivariable analysis, post- and pre-FAP were independent predictive factors to TRG (p<0.010). Post-CD10 (p=0.032) and post-FAP (p=0.013) were related to OS in univariable analysis, but none of biomarkers were independent prognostic factors in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS Expressions of CD10, FAP and GPR77 in CAFs were related to chemoresistance and overall survival, and these biomarkers have predictive values for tumor regression and prognosis in locally advanced gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Tong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zehua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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19
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Fang C, Zhou L, Huang H, Xu HT, Hong T, Zheng SY. Bioinformatics analysis and validation of the critical genes associated with adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1007236. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1007236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is an epithelial tumor that arises when Rathke’s pouch remains during embryonic development. The pathogenesis of ACP remains unclear, and treatment options are limited. Here, we reveal the critical genes expressed in ACP and provide a basis for further research and treatment. The raw dataset GSE94349 was downloaded from the GEO database. We selected 24 ACP and 27 matched samples from individuals with no documented tumor complications (control group). Then, we screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to identify key signaling pathways and associated DEGs. A total of 470 DEGs were identified (251 upregulated and 219 downregulated). Hierarchical clustering showed that the DEGs could precisely distinguish the ACP group from the control group (CG). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in cell adhesion, inflammatory responses, and extracellular matrix management. The downregulated DEGs were primarily involved in cell junction and nervous system development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the critical pathway was pathways in cancer. In the PPI network, CDH1, SHH, and WNT5A had the highest degrees of interaction and were associated with the formation of ACP. CDH1 was verified as a critical gene by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in ACP and CG samples. We found that CDH1 may play an important role in the pathways in cancer signaling pathway that regulates ACP development. The CDH1 gene may be a target for future research and treatment of ACP.
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20
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Zhang FL, Li DQ. Targeting Chromatin-Remodeling Factors in Cancer Cells: Promising Molecules in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12815. [PMID: 36361605 PMCID: PMC9655648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes can reorganize and remodel chromatin and thereby act as important regulator in various cellular processes. Based on considerable studies over the past two decades, it has been confirmed that the abnormal function of chromatin remodeling plays a pivotal role in genome reprogramming for oncogenesis in cancer development and/or resistance to cancer therapy. Recently, exciting progress has been made in the identification of genetic alteration in the genes encoding the chromatin-remodeling complexes associated with tumorigenesis, as well as in our understanding of chromatin-remodeling mechanisms in cancer biology. Here, we present preclinical evidence explaining the signaling mechanisms involving the chromatin-remodeling misregulation-induced cancer cellular processes, including DNA damage signaling, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune signaling, etc. However, even though the cumulative evidence in this field provides promising emerging molecules for therapeutic explorations in cancer, more research is needed to assess the clinical roles of these genetic cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Flanagan DJ, Woodcock SA, Phillips C, Eagle C, Sansom OJ. Targeting ligand-dependent wnt pathway dysregulation in gastrointestinal cancers through porcupine inhibition. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108179. [PMID: 35358569 PMCID: PMC9531712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are responsible for more cancer deaths than any other system of the body. This review summarises how Wnt pathway dysregulation contributes to the development of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, with a particular focus on the nature and frequency of upstream pathway aberrations. Tumors with upstream aberrations maintain a dependency on the presence of functional Wnt ligand, and are predicted to be tractable to inhibitors of Porcupine, an enzyme that plays a key role in Wnt secretion. We summarise available pre-clinical efficacy data from Porcupine inhibitors in vitro and in vivo, as well as potential toxicities and the data from early phase clinical trials. We appraise the rationale for biomarker-defined targeted approaches, as well as outlining future opportunities for combination with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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22
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Ou Z, Lin S, Qiu J, Ding W, Ren P, Chen D, Wang J, Tong Y, Wu D, Chen A, Deng Y, Cheng M, Peng T, Lu H, Yang H, Wang J, Jin X, Ma D, Xu X, Wang Y, Li J, Wu P. Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal the Immunological Microenvironment of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203040. [PMID: 35986392 PMCID: PMC9561780 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The effective treatment of advanced cervical cancer remains challenging. Herein, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and SpaTial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq) are used to investigate the immunological microenvironment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The expression levels of most immune suppressive genes in the tumor and inflammation areas of CSCC are not significantly higher than those in the non-cancer samples, except for LGALS9 and IDO1. Stronger signals of CD56+ NK cells and immature dendritic cells are found in the hypermetabolic tumor areas, whereas more eosinophils, immature B cells, and Treg cells are found in the hypometabolic tumor areas. Moreover, a cluster of pro-tumorigenic cancer-associated myofibroblasts (myCAFs) are identified. The myCAFs may support the growth and metastasis of tumors by inhibiting lymphocyte infiltration and remodeling of the tumor extracellular matrix. Furthermore, these myCAFs are associated with poorer survival probability in patients with CSCC, predict resistance to immunotherapy, and might be present in a small fraction (< 30%) of patients with advanced cancer. Immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence staining are conducted to validate the spatial distribution and potential function of myCAFs. Collectively, these findings enhance the understanding of the immunological microenvironment of CSCC and shed light on the treatment of advanced CSCC.
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23
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Yang Y, Meng WJ, Wang ZQ. The origin of gastric cancer stem cells and their effects on gastric cancer: Novel therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960539. [PMID: 36185219 PMCID: PMC9520244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Furthermore, the prognosis of advanced GC remains poor even after surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy. As a small group of cells with unlimited differentiation and self-renewal ability in GC, accumulating evidence shows that GC stem cells (GCSCs) are closely associated with the refractory characteristics of GC, such as drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. With the extensive development of research on GCSCs, GCSCs seem to be promising therapeutic targets for GC. However, the relationship between GCSCs and GC is profound and intricate, and its mechanism of action is still under exploration. In this review, we elaborate on the source and key concepts of GCSCs, systematically summarize the role of GCSCs in GC and their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we review the latest information available on the treatment of GC by targeting GCSCs. Thus, this article may provide a theoretical basis for the future development of the novel targets based on GCSCs for the treatment of GC.
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24
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TGF-β1-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migration via histone demethylase KDM6B mediated inhibition of methylation marker H3K27me3. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:339. [PMID: 35902563 PMCID: PMC9334584 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in clinical research and therapy. Since the number of MSCs migration is extremely crucial at the lesion site, exploring the mechanisms to enhance the migration of MSCs is necessary. Therefore, this study focused on the epigenetic mechanisms in MSCs migration. TGF-β1 stimulated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to promote cell migration at lesion sites in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA and protein levels of several migration-related genes (N cadherin, CXCR4, FN1) were enhanced. The trimethylation marker H3K27me3 recruitment on the promoter of these genes were studied to dissect the epigenetic mechanisms. TGF-β1 elevated the levels of KDM6B leading to removal of repression marker H3K27me3 in the promoter region of N cadherins and FN1. Congruently, knockdown of demethylase KDM6B substantially affected the TGF-β1 induced BMSCs migration. This promoted the down-regulation of various migration-related genes. Collectively, epigenetic regulation played an important role in BMSCs migration, and H3K27me3 was at least partially involved in the migration of BMSCs induced by TGF-β1.
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25
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Zhang L, Billet S, Gonzales G, Rohena-Rivera K, Muranaka H, Chu GCY, Yang Q, Kim H, Bhowmick NA, Smith B. Fatty Acid Signaling Impacts Prostate Cancer Lineage Plasticity in an Autocrine and Paracrine Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3449. [PMID: 35884514 PMCID: PMC9318639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects an estimated 250,000 men every year and causes 34,000 deaths annually. A high-fat diet and obesity are associated with PCa progression and mortality. This study's premise was the novel observation of crosstalk between PCa epithelia and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in response to palmitate-mediated lineage plasticity. We found that cholesterol activated canonical Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by increasing cilium Gli activity in PCa cells, while palmitate activated Hh independent of Gli. Exogenous palmitate activated SOX2, a known mediator of lineage plasticity, in PCa cells cocultured with CAF. Stroma-derived Wnt5a was upregulated in CAF while cocultured with PCa cells and treated with palmitate. Wnt5a knockdown in CAF inhibited Hh and SOX2 expression in PCa cells from cocultures. These findings supported our proposed mechanism of a high-fat diet promoting Hh signaling-mediated transformation within the tumor microenvironment. SOX2 and Wnt5a expression were limited by the CD36 neutralizing antibody. Mice xenografted with PCa epithelia and CAF tumors were fed a high-fat diet, leading to elevated SOX2 expression and lineage plasticity reprogramming compared to mice fed an isocaloric rodent diet. CD36 inhibition with enzalutamide elevated apoptosis by TUNEL, but limited proliferation and SOX2 expression compared to enzalutamide alone. This study revealed a mechanism for a high-fat diet to affect prostate cancer progression. We found that saturated fat induced lineage plasticity reprogramming of PCa by interaction with CAF through Wnt5a and Hh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Sandrine Billet
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Gabrielle Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Krizia Rohena-Rivera
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Hayato Muranaka
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
- Department of Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Bethany Smith
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (K.R.-R.); (H.M.); (G.C.-Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (H.K.)
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26
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality. Pioneering genomic studies, focusing largely on primary GCs, revealed driver alterations in genes such as ERBB2, FGFR2, TP53 and ARID1A as well as multiple molecular subtypes. However, clinical efforts targeting these alterations have produced variable results, hampered by complex co-alteration patterns in molecular profiles and intra-patient genomic heterogeneity. In this Review, we highlight foundational and translational advances in dissecting the genomic cartography of GC, including non-coding variants, epigenomic aberrations and transcriptomic alterations, and describe how these alterations interplay with environmental influences, germline factors and the tumour microenvironment. Mapping of these alterations over the GC life cycle in normal gastric tissues, metaplasia, primary carcinoma and distant metastasis will improve our understanding of biological mechanisms driving GC development and promoting cancer hallmarks. On the translational front, integrative genomic approaches are identifying diverse mechanisms of GC therapy resistance and emerging preclinical targets, enabled by technologies such as single-cell sequencing and liquid biopsies. Validating these insights will require specifically designed GC cohorts, converging multi-modal genomic data with longitudinal data on therapeutic challenges and patient outcomes. Genomic findings from these studies will facilitate 'next-generation' clinical initiatives in GC precision oncology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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27
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Yang Y, Meng WJ, Wang ZQ. Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:803974. [PMID: 35047411 PMCID: PMC8761735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.803974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) might be responsible for tumor initiation, relapse, metastasis and treatment resistance of GC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells and other extracellular components, which plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. The properties of CSCs are regulated by cells and extracellular matrix components of the TME in some unique manners. This review will summarize current literature regarding the effects of CSCs and TME on the progression and therapy resistance of GC, while emphasizing the potential for developing successful anti-tumor therapy based on targeting the TME and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Jian Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Loh JJ, Ma S. The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast as a Dynamic Player in Mediating Cancer Stemness in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727640. [PMID: 34760886 PMCID: PMC8573407 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The enrichment of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs) in a tumor microenvironment (TME) cultivates a pro-tumorigenic niche via aberrant paracrine signaling and matrix remodeling. A favorable niche is critical to the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a population of cells that are characterized by their enhanced ability to self-renew, metastasis, and develop therapy resistance. Mounting evidence illustrates the interplay between CAF and cancer cells expedites malignant progression. Therefore, targeting the key cellular components and factors in the niche may promote a more efficacious treatment. In this study, we discuss how CAF orchestrates a niche that enhances CSC features and the potential therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jian Loh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
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29
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Yang Y, Feng M, Bai L, Liao W, Zhou K, Zhang M, Wu Q, Wen F, Lei W, Zhang P, Zhang N, Huang J, Li Q. Comprehensive analysis of EMT-related genes and lncRNAs in the prognosis, immunity, and drug treatment of colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:391. [PMID: 34526059 PMCID: PMC8444417 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EMT is an important biological process in the mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis. However, there are still many unknowns about the specific mechanism of EMT in tumor. At present, a comprehensive analysis of EMT-related genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still lacking. METHODS All the data were downloaded from public databases including TCGA database (488 tumor samples and 52 normal samples) as the training set and the GEO database (GSE40967 including 566 tumor samples and 19 normal samples, GSE12945 including 62 tumor samples, GSE17536 including 177 tumor samples, GSE17537 including 55 tumor samples) as the validation sets. One hundred and sixty-six EMT-related genes (EMT-RDGs) were selected from the Molecular Signatures Database. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the correlation between EMT-RDGs and CRC prognosis, metastasis, drug efficacy, and immunity. RESULTS We finally obtained nine prognostic-related EMT-RDGs (FGF8, NOG, PHLDB2, SIX2, SNAI1, TBX5, TIAM1, TWIST1, TCF15) through differential expression analysis, Unicox and Lasso regression analysis, and then constructed a risk prognosis model. There were significant differences in clinical characteristics, 22 immune cells, and immune functions between the high-risk and low-risk groups and the different states of the nine prognostic-related EMT-RDGs. The methylation level and mutation status of nine prognostic-related EMT-RDGs all affect their regulation of EMT. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was also constructed by the methylation sites of nine prognostic-related EMT-RDGs. In addition, the expression of FGF8, PHLDB2, SIX2, and SNAIL was higher and the expression level of NOG and TWIST1 was lower in the non-metastasis CRC group. Nine prognostic-related EMT-RDGs also affected the drug treatment response of CRC. CONCLUSIONS Targeting these nine prognostic-related EMT-RDGs can regulate CRC metastasis and immune, which is beneficial for the prognosis of CRC patients, improve drug sensitivity in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyang Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - LiangLiang Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiting Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kexun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengxi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanting Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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30
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Su SF, Ho H, Li JH, Wu MF, Wang HC, Yeh HY, Kuo SW, Chen HW, Ho CC, Li KC. DNA methylome and transcriptome landscapes of cancer-associated fibroblasts reveal a smoking-associated malignancy index. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e139552. [PMID: 34228648 DOI: 10.1172/jci139552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the better-studied aberrant epigenome in the tumor, the clinicopathologic impact of DNA methylation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially the contribution from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), remains elusive. CAFs exhibit profound patient-to-patient tumorigenic heterogeneity. We asked whether such heterogeneity may be exploited to quantify the level of TME malignancy. We developed a robust and efficient methylome/transcriptome co-analytical system for CAFs and paired normal fibroblasts (NFs) from non-small-cell lung cancer patients. We found 14,781 CpG sites of CAF/NF differential methylation, of which 3,707 sites showed higher methylation changes in ever-smokers than in nonsmokers. Concomitant CAF/NF differential gene expression analysis pointed to a subset of 54 smoking-associated CpG sites with strong methylation-regulated gene expression. A methylation index that summarizes the β values of these CpGs was built for NF/CAF discrimination (MIND) with high sensitivity and specificity. The potential of MIND in detecting premalignancy across individual patients was shown. MIND succeeded in predicting tumor recurrence in multiple lung cancer cohorts without reliance on patient survival data, suggesting that the malignancy level of TME may be effectively graded by this index. Precision TME grading may provide additional pathological information to guide cancer prognosis and open up more options in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fang Su
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Ho
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hua Li
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chieh Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Yeh
- School of Big Data Management, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Wen Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ker-Chau Li
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Statistics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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31
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Ishii T, Suzuki A, Kuwata T, Hisamitsu S, Hashimoto H, Ohara Y, Yanagihara K, Mitsunaga S, Yoshino T, Kinoshita T, Ochiai A, Shitara K, Ishii G. Drug-exposed cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitate gastric cancer cell progression following chemotherapy. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:810-822. [PMID: 33837489 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer progression following chemotherapy is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment. We aimed to evaluate the role of drug-exposed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the growth and progression of drug-exposed gastric cancer (GC) cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The human GC cell line 44As3 and CAFs were treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (5FU + OX). 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells were then cultured in a conditioned medium (CM) from 5FU + OX-pretreated CAFs, and the growth and migration/invasion ability of the cells were evaluated. We also compared the clinicopathological characteristics of the GC patients treated with S1 + OX in accordance with the properties of their resected specimens, focusing on the number of CAFs. Changes in gene expression in CAFs and 44As3 cells were comprehensively analyzed using RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS The CM from 5FU + OX-pretreated CAFs promoted the migration and invasion of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells. Although the number of cases was relatively small (n = 21), the frequency of positive cases of lymphovascular invasion and the recurrence rate were significantly higher in those with more residual CAF. RNA-seq analysis revealed 5FU + OX-pretreated CAF-derived glycoprotein 130 (gp130) as a candidate factor contributing to the increased migration of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells. Administration of the gp130 inhibitor SC144 prevented the increased migration ability of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells owing to drug-treated CAFs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence regarding the interactions between GC cells and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment following chemotherapy, suggesting that ligands for gp130 may be novel therapeutic targets for suppressing or preventing metastasis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Courses of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoshi Hisamitsu
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mitsunaga
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. .,Courses of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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Yasukawa Y, Hattori N, Iida N, Takeshima H, Maeda M, Kiyono T, Sekine S, Seto Y, Ushijima T. SAA1 is upregulated in gastric cancer-associated fibroblasts possibly by its enhancer activation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:180-189. [PMID: 33284950 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) tend to have tumor-promoting capacity, and can provide therapeutic targets. Even without cancer cells, CAF phenotypes are stably maintained, and DNA methylation and H3K27me3 changes have been shown to be involved. Here, we searched for a potential therapeutic target in primary CAFs from gastric cancer and a mechanism for its dysregulation. Expression microarray using eight CAFs and seven non-CAFs (NCAFs) revealed that serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), which encodes an acute phase secreted protein, was second most upregulated in CAFs, following IGF2. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from SAA1-overexpressing NCAFs was shown to increase migration of gastric cancer cells compared with that from control NCAFs, and its tumor-promoting effect was comparable to that of CM from CAFs. In addition, increased migration of cancer cells by CM from CAFs was mostly canceled with CM from CAFs with SAA1 knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-quantitative PCR showed that CAFs had higher levels of H3K27ac, an active enhancer mark, in the promoter and the two far upstream regions of SAA1 than NCAFs. Also, BET bromodomain inhibitors, JQ1 and mivebresib, decreased SAA1 expression and tumor-promoting effects in CAFs, suggesting SAA1 upregulation by enhancer activation in CAFs. Our present data showed that SAA1 is a candidate therapeutic target from gastric CAFs and indicated that increased enhancer acetylation is important for its overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Yasukawa
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Cell Culture Technology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Hirashima T, Karasawa H, Aizawa T, Suzuki T, Yamamura A, Suzuki H, Kajiwara T, Musha H, Funayama R, Shirota M, Ohnuma S, Nakayama K, Unno M. Wnt5a in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes colorectal cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:37-42. [PMID: 34175688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and have been shown to promote cancer aggressiveness. In our previous study, analysis of expression profiles obtained from paired CAFs and normal fibroblasts from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue revealed that gene sets related to the Wnt signaling pathway were highly enriched in colorectal CAFs. Furthermore, among the components of the β-catenin-independent Wnt pathway, Wnt5a was highly expressed in CAFs. Since Wnt5a is considered to be a regulator of CRC progression in CAFs, we performed immunohistochemical analysis on Wnt5a in 171 patients who underwent surgery for CRC. Positive staining for Wnt5a was often found in cancer stroma, particularly in fibromatous areas, although the immunoreactivity for Wnt5a was weak in cancer cells. Wnt5a status in CAFs was significantly associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymphatic and vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and recurrence. Subsequent in vitro analyses using human recombinant Wnt5a protein revealed that cancer cell proliferation and migration were significantly increased by stimulation with Wnt5a. Our findings suggest that Wnt5a-derived CAFs play a crucial role in CRC progression and have potential as a target of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Hirashima
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Karasawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Takashi Aizawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taiki Kajiwara
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Musha
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, ART, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, ART, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, ART, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Wu F, Yang J, Liu J, Wang Y, Mu J, Zeng Q, Deng S, Zhou H. Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts and targeted therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:218. [PMID: 34108441 PMCID: PMC8190181 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and progression because of their versatile roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, maintenance of stemness, blood vessel formation, modulation of tumor metabolism, immune response, and promotion of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. CAFs are highly heterogeneous stromal cells and their crosstalk with cancer cells is mediated by a complex and intricate signaling network consisting of transforming growth factor-beta, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, epidermal growth factor receptor, Hippo, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, etc., signaling pathways. These signals in CAFs exhibit their own special characteristics during the cancer progression and have the potential to be targeted for anticancer therapy. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these signaling cascades in interactions between cancer cells and CAFs is necessary to fully realize the pivotal roles of CAFs in cancers. Herein, in this review, we will summarize the enormous amounts of findings on the signals mediating crosstalk of CAFs with cancer cells and its related targets or trials. Further, we hypothesize three potential targeting strategies, including, namely, epithelial-mesenchymal common targets, sequential target perturbation, and crosstalk-directed signaling targets, paving the way for CAF-directed or host cell-directed antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Mezawa Y, Orimo A. Phenotypic heterogeneity, stability and plasticity in tumor-promoting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. FEBS J 2021; 289:2429-2447. [PMID: 33786982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are essential for full-blown tumor development. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the TME together with a wide variety of stromal cell types including vascular, inflammatory, and immune cells in the extracellular matrix. CAFs not only promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, but also dampen the efficacy of various therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors. CAFs are composed of distinct fibroblast populations presumably with diverse activated fibroblastic states and tumor-promoting phenotypes in a tumor, indicating intratumor heterogeneity in these fibroblasts. Given that CAFs have been implicated in both disease progression and therapeutic responses, elucidating the functional roles of each fibroblast population in CAFs and the molecular mechanisms mediating their phenotypic stability and plasticity in the TME would be crucial for understanding tumor biology. We herein discuss how distinct fibroblast populations comprising CAFs establish their cell identities, in terms of cells-of-origin, stimuli from the TME, and the phenotypes characteristic of activated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Lee JE, Kim MY. Cancer epigenetics: Past, present and future. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:4-14. [PMID: 33798724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer was thought to be caused solely by genetic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In the last 35 years, however, epigenetic changes have been increasingly recognized as another primary driver of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Epigenetic deregulation in cancer often includes mutations and/or aberrant expression of chromatin-modifying enzymes, their associated proteins, and even non-coding RNAs, which can alter chromatin structure and dynamics. This leads to changes in gene expression that ultimately contribute to the emergence and evolution of cancer cells. Studies of the deregulation of chromatin modifiers in cancer cells have reshaped the way we approach cancer and guided the development of novel anticancer therapeutics that target epigenetic factors. There remain, however, a number of unanswered questions in this field that are the focus of present research. Areas of particular interest include the actions of emerging classes of epigenetic regulators of carcinogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, as well as epigenetic tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss past findings on epigenetic mechanisms of cancer, current trends in the field of cancer epigenetics, and the directions of future research that may lead to the identification of new prognostic markers for cancer and the development of more effective anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Cancer Metastasis Control Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Mao D, Zhou Z, Song S, Li D, He Y, Wei Z, Zhang C. Identification of Stemness Characteristics Associated With the Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626961. [PMID: 33747944 PMCID: PMC7966731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. In recent years, the prognostic value of the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) across cancers has been reported. We intended to identify stemness index-associated genes (SI-genes) for clinical characteristic, gene mutation status, immune response, and tumor microenvironment evaluation as well as risk stratification and survival prediction. Methods The correlations between the mRNAsi and GC prognosis, clinical characteristics, gene mutation status, immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment were evaluated. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify SI-genes from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to calculate the sample SI-gene-based ssGSEA score according to the SI-genes. Then, the correlations between the ssGSEA score and GC prognosis, clinical characteristics, gene mutation status, immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment were analyzed. Finally, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm was used to construct a prognostic signature with prognostic SI-genes. The ssGSEA score and prognostic signature were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results The mRNAsi could predict overall survival (OS), clinical characteristics, the gene mutation status, immune cell infiltration, and the tumor microenvironment composition. Fourteen positive SI-genes and 178 negative SI-genes were screened out using WGCNA. The ssGSEA score, similar to the mRNAsi, was found to be closely related to OS, clinical characteristics, the gene mutation status, immune cell infiltration, and the tumor microenvironment composition. Finally, a prognostic signature based on 18 prognostic SI-genes was verified to more accurately predict GC 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS than traditional clinical prediction models. Conclusion The ssGSEA score and prognostic signature based on 18 prognostic SI-genes are of great value for immune response evaluation, risk stratification and survival prediction in GC and suggest that stemness features are crucial drivers of GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Mao
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shenglei Song
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhewei Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Yasuda T, Koiwa M, Yonemura A, Miyake K, Kariya R, Kubota S, Yokomizo-Nakano T, Yasuda-Yoshihara N, Uchihara T, Itoyama R, Bu L, Fu L, Arima K, Izumi D, Iwagami S, Eto K, Iwatsuki M, Baba Y, Yoshida N, Ohguchi H, Okada S, Matsusaki K, Sashida G, Takahashi A, Tan P, Baba H, Ishimoto T. Inflammation-driven senescence-associated secretory phenotype in cancer-associated fibroblasts enhances peritoneal dissemination. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108779. [PMID: 33626356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, senescent non-malignant cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), exhibit a secretory profile under stress conditions; this senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) leads to cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, the role of senescent CAFs in metastatic lesions and the molecular mechanism of inflammation-related SASP induction are not well understood. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokine-driven EZH2 downregulation maintains the SASP by demethylating H3K27me3 marks in CAFs and enhances peritoneal tumor formation of gastric cancer (GC) through JAK/STAT3 signaling in a mouse model. A JAK/STAT3 inhibitor blocks the increase in GC cell viability induced by senescent CAFs and peritoneal tumor formation. Single-cell mass cytometry revealed that fibroblasts exist in the ascites of GC patients with peritoneal dissemination, and the fibroblast population shows p16 expression and SASP factors at high levels. These findings provide insights into the inflammation-related SASP maintenance by histone modification and the role of senescent CAFs in GC peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahito Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mayu Koiwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yonemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Yasuda-Yoshihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Uchihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rumi Itoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Luke Bu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Lingfeng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kota Arima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ohguchi
- Division of Disease Epigenetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Hou L, Chen D, Wang R, Wang R, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Nie Z, Lu S. Transformable Honeycomb-Like Nanoassemblies of Carbon Dots for Regulated Multisite Delivery and Enhanced Antitumor Chemoimmunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6581-6592. [PMID: 33305859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor fibrotic stroma forms complex barriers for therapeutic nanomedicine. Although nanoparticle vehicles are promising in overcoming biological barriers for drug delivery, fibrosis causes hypoxia, immunosuppression and limited immunocytes infiltration, and thus reduces antitumor efficacy of nanosystems. Herein, we report the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) responsive honeycomb-like nanoassemblies of carbon dots (CDs) to spatially program the delivery of multiple therapeutics for enhanced antitumor chemoimmunotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) and immunotherapeutic enhancer (Fe ions) are immobilized on the surface of CDs, whereas tumor microenvironment modifier (losartan, LOS) is encapsulated within the mesopores. The drugs-loaded nanoassemblies disassociate into individual CDs to release LOS to mitigate stroma and hypoxia in response to CAFs. The individual CDs carrying DOX and Fe ion efficiently penetrate deep into tumor to trigger intensified immune responses. Our in vitro and in vivo studies show that the nanoassemblies exhibit effective T cells infiltration, tumor growth inhibition and lung metastasis prevention, thereby providing a therapeutic platform for desmoplasia solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruiting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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40
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Hou L, Chen D, Wang R, Wang R, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Nie Z, Lu S. Transformable Honeycomb‐Like Nanoassemblies of Carbon Dots for Regulated Multisite Delivery and Enhanced Antitumor Chemoimmunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Ruiting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Taipa Macao China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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Shi Y, Sun L, Zhang R, Hu Y, Wu Y, Dong X, Dong D, Chen C, Geng Z, Li E, Fan Y. Thrombospondin 4/integrin α2/HSF1 axis promotes proliferation and cancer stem-like traits of gallbladder cancer by enhancing reciprocal crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:14. [PMID: 33407730 PMCID: PMC7789630 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the primary component of tumor stroma in tumor microenvironments, are well-known contributors to the malignant progression of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Thrombospondins (THBSs or TSPs) comprise a family of five adhesive glycoproteins that are overexpressed in many types of cancers. However, the expression and potential roles of TSPs in the crosstalk between CAFs and GBC cells has remained unclear. Methods Peritumoral fibroblasts (PTFs) and CAFs were extracted from GBC tissues. Thrombospondin expression in GBC was screened by RT-qPCR. MTT viability assay, colony formation, EdU incorporation assay, flow cytometry analysis, Transwell assay, tumorsphere formation and western blot assays were performed to investigate the effects of CAF-derived TSP-4 on GBC cell proliferation, EMT and cancer stem-like features. Subcutaneous tumor formation models were established by co-implanting CAFs and GBC cells or GBC cells overexpressing heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) to evaluate the roles of TSP-4 and HSF1 in vivo. To characterize the mechanism by which TSP-4 is involved in the crosstalk between CAFs and GBC cells, the levels of a variety of signaling molecules were detected by coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, and ELISA assays. Results In the present study, we showed that TSP-4, as the stromal glycoprotein, is highly expressed in CAFs from GBC and that CAF-derived TSP-4 induces the proliferation, EMT and cancer stem-like features of GBC cells. Mechanistically, CAF-secreted TSP-4 binds to the transmembrane receptor integrin α2 on GBC cells to induce the phosphorylation of HSF1 at S326 and maintain the malignant phenotypes of GBC cells. Moreover, the TSP-4/integrin α2 axis-induced phosphorylation of HSF1 at S326 is mediated by Akt activation (p-Akt at S473) in GBC cells. In addition, activated HSF1 signaling increased the expression and paracrine signaling of TGF-β1 to induce the transdifferentiation of PTFs into CAFs, leading to their recruitment into GBC and increased TSP-4 expression in CAFs, thereby forming a positive feedback loop to drive the malignant progression of GBC. Conclusions Our data indicate that a complex TSP-4/integrin α2/HSF1/TGF-β cascade mediates reciprocal interactions between GBC cells and CAFs, providing a promising therapeutic target for gallbladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yinying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuyuan Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhimin Geng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yangwei Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Loe AKH, Rao-Bhatia A, Kim JE, Kim TH. Mesenchymal Niches for Digestive Organ Development, Homeostasis, and Disease. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:152-165. [PMID: 33349527 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk plays a crucial role in organ development and stem cell function. However, the identity of the mesenchymal cells involved in this exchange was unclear. Recent significant advances in single-cell transcriptomics have defined the heterogeneity of these mesenchymal niches. By combining multiomic profiling, animal models, and organoid culture, new studies have not only demonstrated the roles of diverse mesenchymal cell populations but also defined the mechanisms underlying their regulation of niche signals. Focusing on several digestive organs, we describe how similar and diverse mesenchymal cell populations promote organ development and maintain proper stem cell activity, and how the heterogeneity of mesenchymal niches is altered in digestive diseases such as inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kwan Ho Loe
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Abilasha Rao-Bhatia
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Sung NJ, Kim NH, Surh YJ, Park SA. Gremlin-1 Promotes Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells by Activating STAT3-MMP13 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239227. [PMID: 33287358 PMCID: PMC7730512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gremlin-1 (GREM1), one of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists, can directly bind to BMPs. GREM1 is involved in organogenesis, tissue differentiation, and organ fibrosis. Recently, numerous studies have reported the oncogenic role of GREM1 in cancer. However, the role of GREM1 in metastasis of breast cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The role of GREM1 in breast cancer progression was assessed by measuring growth, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. An orthotopic breast cancer mouse model was used to investigate the role of GREM1 in lung metastasis of breast cancer cells. GREM1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation of breast cancer cells, while its overexpression increased their growth, migration, and invasion. Cells with Grem1-knockdown showed much lower tumor growth rates and lung metastasis than control cells. GREM1 enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). A positive correlation between GREM1 and MMP13 expression was observed in breast cancer patients. GREM1 activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor involved in the expression of MMP13. Our study suggests that GREM1 can promote lung metastasis of breast cancer cells through the STAT3-MMP13 pathway. In addition, GREM1 might be a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ji Sung
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea; (N.J.S.); (N.H.K.)
| | - Na Hui Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea; (N.J.S.); (N.H.K.)
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea; (N.J.S.); (N.H.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-4990
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Kesh K, Garrido VT, Dosch A, Durden B, Gupta VK, Sharma NS, Lyle M, Nagathihalli N, Merchant N, Saluja A, Banerjee S. Stroma secreted IL6 selects for "stem-like" population and alters pancreatic tumor microenvironment by reprogramming metabolic pathways. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:967. [PMID: 33177492 PMCID: PMC7658205 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with an abysmal survival rate of 9%. A robust fibro-inflammatory and desmoplastic stroma, characteristic of pancreatic cancer, contribute to the challenges in developing viable therapeutic strategies in this disease. Apart from constricting blood vessels and preventing efficient drug delivery to the tumor, the stroma also contributes to the aggressive biology of cancer along with its immune-evasive microenvironment. In this study, we show that in pancreatic tumors, the developing stroma increases tumor initiation frequency in pancreatic cancer cells in vivo by enriching for CD133 + aggressive "stem-like" cells. Additionally, the stromal fibroblasts secrete IL6 as the major cytokine, increases glycolytic flux in the pancreatic tumor cells, and increases lactate efflux in the microenvironment via activation of the STAT signaling pathway. We also show that the secreted lactate favors activation of M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, which excludes CD8 + T cells in the tumor. Our data additionally confirms that the treatment of pancreatic tumors with anti-IL6 antibody results in tumor regression as well as decreased CD133 + population within the tumor. Furthermore, inhibiting the lactate efflux in the microenvironment reduces M2 macrophages, and makes pancreatic tumors more responsive to anti-PD1 therapy. This suggests that stromal IL6 driven metabolic reprogramming plays a significant role in the development of an immune-evasive microenvironment. In conclusion, our study shows that targeting the metabolic pathways affected by stromal IL6 can make pancreatic tumors amenable to checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Kesh
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vanessa T Garrido
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Austin Dosch
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brittany Durden
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vineet K Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nikita S Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael Lyle
- WeliChem Biotech Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nagaraj Nagathihalli
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ashok Saluja
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.
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Bu L, Baba H, Yasuda T, Uchihara T, Ishimoto T. Functional diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts in modulating drug resistance. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3468-3477. [PMID: 33044028 PMCID: PMC7541012 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of current chemotherapies for cancer is gradually progressing; however achieving a complete cure through chemotherapy is still difficult and has been the main goal in treatment of advanced cancer. Drug resistance is an issue in cancer therapy, therefore increasing numbers of investigations into drug resistance have focused on the characteristics of the cancer cells themselves. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer cells is also intimately involved in the development of drug resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a predominant component of the TME and affect tumor progression by secreting soluble factors. This review summarizes the most up-to-date knowledge of CAFs and drug resistance in cancer, with a focus on factors secreted from CAFs including proteins, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and metabolites. A perspective on the potential role of anti-CAF therapies in overcoming CAF-induced drug resistance is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bu
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer BiologyInternational Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Tadahito Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer BiologyInternational Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Uchihara
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer BiologyInternational Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer BiologyInternational Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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46
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PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in gastric cancer: Epigenetics and beyond. Life Sci 2020; 262:118513. [PMID: 33011222 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved in normal cellular processes. Its aberrant activation modulates autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, chemoresistance, and metastasis in many human cancers. Emerging evidence demonstrates that some infections as well as epigenetic regulatory mechanisms can control PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In this review, we focused on the role of this pathway in gastric cancer development, prognosis, and metastasis, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and post-transcriptional modulations through non-coding RNAs fluctuations as well as H. pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infections. Finally, we reviewed different molecular targets and therapeutic agents in clinical trials as a potential strategy for gastric cancer treatment through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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47
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Takeshima H, Yoda Y, Wakabayashi M, Hattori N, Yamashita S, Ushijima T. Low-dose DNA demethylating therapy induces reprogramming of diverse cancer-related pathways at the single-cell level. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:142. [PMID: 32958049 PMCID: PMC7507826 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic reprogramming using DNA demethylating drugs is a promising approach for cancer therapy, but its efficacy is highly dependent on the dosing regimen. Low-dose treatment for a prolonged period shows a remarkable therapeutic efficacy, despite its small demethylating effect. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of how such low-dose treatment shows this remarkable efficacy by focusing on epigenetic reprograming at the single-cell level. METHODS Expression profiles in HCT116 cells treated with decitabine (DAC) were analyzed by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Functional consequences and DNA demethylation at the single-cell level were analyzed using cloned HCT116 cells after DAC treatment. RESULTS scRNA-seq revealed that DAC-treated cells had highly diverse expression profiles at the single-cell level, and tumor-suppressor genes, endogenous retroviruses, and interferon-stimulated genes were upregulated in random fractions of cells. DNA methylation analysis of cloned HCT116 cells revealed that, while only partial reduction of DNA methylation levels was observed in bulk cells, complete demethylation of specific cancer-related genes, such as cell cycle regulation, WNT pathway, p53 pathway, and TGF-β pathway, was observed, depending upon clones. Functionally, a clone with complete demethylation of CDKN2A (p16) had a larger fraction of cells with tetraploid than parental cells, indicating induction of cellular senescence due to normalization of cell cycle regulation. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic reprogramming of specific cancer-related pathways at the single-cell level is likely to underlie the remarkable efficacy of low-dose DNA demethylating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Yoda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mika Wakabayashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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48
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Todd GM, Gao Z, Hyvönen M, Brazil DP, Ten Dijke P. Secreted BMP antagonists and their role in cancer and bone metastases. Bone 2020; 137:115455. [PMID: 32473315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional secreted cytokines that act in a highly context-dependent manner. BMP action extends beyond the induction of cartilage and bone formation, to encompass pivotal roles in controlling tissue and organ homeostasis during development and adulthood. BMPs signal via plasma membrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular SMAD transcriptional effectors. Exquisite temporospatial control of BMP/SMAD signalling and crosstalk with other cellular cues is achieved by a series of positive and negative regulators at each step in the BMP/SMAD pathway. The interaction of BMP ligand with its receptors is carefully controlled by a diverse set of secreted antagonists that bind BMPs and block their interaction with their cognate BMP receptors. Perturbations in this BMP/BMP antagonist balance are implicated in a range of developmental disorders and diseases, including cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and function of secreted BMP antagonists, and summarize recent novel insights into their role in cancer progression and bone metastasis. Gremlin1 (GREM1) is a highly studied BMP antagonist, and we will focus on this molecule in particular and its role in cancer. The therapeutic potential of pharmacological inhibitors for secreted BMP antagonists for cancer and other human diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Todd
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Zhichun Gao
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Derek P Brazil
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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49
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Melissari MT, Chalkidi N, Sarris ME, Koliaraki V. Fibroblast Reprogramming in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:630. [PMID: 32760726 PMCID: PMC7373725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide and have been strongly linked with chronic inflammation. Current therapies focus on epithelial/cancer cells; however, the importance of the tumor microenvironment in the development and treatment of the disease is also now well established. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment, and are actively participating in tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis. They structurally and functionally affect cancer cell proliferation, tumor immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis through a variety of signaling pathways. CAFs originate predominantly from resident mesenchymal cells, which are activated and reprogrammed in response to cues from cancer cells. In recent years, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract has also proven an important driver of mesenchymal cell activation and subsequent CAF development, which in turn are capable of regulating the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and cancer. In this review, we will provide a concise overview of the mechanisms that drive fibroblast reprogramming in cancer and the recent advances on the downstream signaling pathways that regulate the functional properties of the activated mesenchyme. This new mechanistic insight could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies and better prognosis for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Niki Chalkidi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis E Sarris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
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50
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Jin P, Ji X, Kang W, Li Y, Liu H, Ma F, Ma S, Hu H, Li W, Tian Y. Artificial intelligence in gastric cancer: a systematic review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2339-2350. [PMID: 32613386 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically review the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in gastric cancer and to discuss the potential limitations and future directions of AI in gastric cancer. METHODS A systematic review was performed that follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Pubmed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were used to search for gastric cancer publications with an emphasis on AI that were published up to June 2020. The terms "artificial intelligence" and "gastric cancer" were used to search for the publications. RESULTS A total of 64 articles were included in this review. In gastric cancer, AI is mainly used for molecular bio-information analysis, endoscopic detection for Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic atrophic gastritis, early gastric cancer, invasion depth, and pathology recognition. AI may also be used to establish predictive models for evaluating lymph node metastasis, response to drug treatments, and prognosis. In addition, AI can be used for surgical training, skill assessment, and surgery guidance. CONCLUSIONS In the foreseeable future, AI applications can play an important role in gastric cancer management in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Department of Emergency Ward, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenzhe Kang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fuhai Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weikun Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yantao Tian
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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