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Brunetti G, Barile B, Nicchia GP, Onorati F, Luciani GB, Galeone A. The ST2/IL-33 Pathway in Adult and Paediatric Heart Disease and Transplantation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1676. [PMID: 37371771 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ST2 is a member of interleukin 1 receptor family with soluble sST2 and transmembrane ST2L isoforms. The ligand of ST2 is IL-33, which determines the activation of numerous intracytoplasmic mediators following the binding with ST2L and IL-1RAcP, leading to nuclear signal and cardiovascular effect. Differently, sST2 is released in the blood and works as a decoy receptor, binding IL-33 and blocking IL-33/ST2L interaction. sST2 is mainly involved in maintaining homeostasis and/or alterations of different tissues, as counterbalance/activation of IL-33/ST2L axis is typically involved in the development of fibrosis, tissue damage, inflammation and remodeling. sST2 has been described in different clinical reports as a fundamental prognostic marker in patients with cardiovascular disease, as well as marker for the treatment monitoring of patients with heart failure; however, further studies are needed to better elucidate its role. In this review we reported the current knowledge about its role in coronary artery disease, heart failure, heart transplantation, heart valve disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Onorati
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Luciani
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Galeone
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
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2
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Ma M, He Y. Soluble ST2 in coronary artery disease: Clinical biomarkers and treatment guidance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:924461. [PMID: 36225958 PMCID: PMC9548599 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.924461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 L signaling pathway is involved in the pathophysiological processes of several diseases and mainly exerts anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), which serves as a competitive inhibitory molecule of this pathway, is a member of the interleukin (IL)-1 family, a decoy receptor for IL33, thought to play a role in cardiac remodeling and the inflammatory process. However, the association between sST2 and coronary artery disease (CAD), one of the most common causes of heart failure, is still being explored. We therefore reviewed the research on sST2 in the field of CAD, including reflecting the atherosclerosis burden, predicting no-reflow, predicting prognosis, responding to myocardial remodeling, and guiding management, hoping to provide cardiologists with new perspectives.
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3
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Shi J, Sun J, Liu L, Shan T, Meng H, Yang T, Wang S, Wei T, Chen B, Ma Y, Wang Q, Wang H, Liu J, Wang L. P16ink4a overexpression ameliorates cardiac remodeling of mouse following myocardial infarction via CDK4/pRb pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 595:62-68. [PMID: 35093641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P16ink4a can accumulate in senescent cells and can be induced by different oncogenic stimulations. These functions make p16ink4a a biomarker of senescence and cancer. However, the exact role of p16ink4a remains unclear in cardiovascular disease. This study was aimed to investigate the role of p16ink4a in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS In vivo, gain and loss of function experiments using p16ink4a overexpression and knockdown adenovirus were induced to determine the effect of p16ink4a on cardiac structure and function after MI. The in vitro effects of p16ink4a were evaluated by overexpression and knockdown adenovirus of p16ink4a on isolated neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes (NMCMs) and neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs). RESULTS Expression level of p16ink4a was increased after MI and enriched in the infarction area. In vivo, overexpression of p16ink4a protected, while knockdown of p16ink4a worsened cardiac function. In vitro, p16ink4a did not influence the hypertrophy of NMCMs. Overexpression of p16ink4a inhibited the proliferation and migration of NMCFs and reduced the level of collagen I and α-SMA. Consistently, knockdown of p16ink4a in vitro displayed the opposite effects. Further mechanism studies revealed that p16ink4a affected the expression level of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (pRb), which could be a potential pathway in regulating cardiac remodeling after MI. CONCLUSION Overexpression of 16ink4a in cardiac fibroblasts can ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and attenuate pathological cardiac remodeling in mice after MI by regulating the p16ink4a/CDK4/pRb pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiateng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tiankai Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haoyu Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tianwen Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bingrui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiabao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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4
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Vinciguerra M, Romiti S, Wretschko E, D'Abramo M, Rose D, Miraldi F, Greco E. Mitral Plasticity: The Way to Prevent the Burden of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:794574. [PMID: 35059449 PMCID: PMC8764438 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.794574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ischemic impairment of the left ventricular contractility, followed by an adverse remodeling leading to the displacement of the papillary muscles (PMs), increased tethering forces and loss of valve competence has been the long-term accepted definition of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Over the years, different approaches of management have attempted to address valve regurgitation, nevertheless failing to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Recent studies have observed some structural and molecular changes of the mitral valve (MV), challenging the concept of a bystander passive to the subvalvular involvement. Indeed, the solely mechanical stretch of the PMs, as in the dilated left ventricle because of the aortic valve regurgitation, is not enough in causing relevant MV regurgitation. This setting triggers a series of structural changes called “mitral plasticity,” leaflets increase in their size among others, ensuring an adequate systolic area closure. In contrast, the ischemic injury not only triggers the mechanical stretch on the subvalvular apparatus but is also a powerful promotor of profibrotic processes, with an upregulation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, leading to a MV with exuberant leaflet thickness and impaired mobility. In this article, we revise the concept of IMR, particularly focusing on the new evidence that supports dynamic changes in the MV apparatus, discussing the consequent clinical insights of “mitral plasticity” and the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vinciguerra
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mattia Vinciguerra
| | - Silvia Romiti
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Wretschko
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mizar D'Abramo
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Rose
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Greco
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Zhang X, Shao C, Cheng S, Zhu Y, Liang B, Gu N. Effect of Guanxin V in animal model of acute myocardial infarction. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:72. [PMID: 33618704 PMCID: PMC7898759 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most serious and lethal manifestation of coronary heart disease worldwide, presenting extremely high disability and mortality. Our previous studies have shown that Guanxin V (GXV) could significantly improve the cardiac function and the blood flow dynamics, and reduce serum levels of inflammatory factors in AMI rats, thus triggering ventricular remodeling (VR) at post-AMI. Methods An in vivo AMI model was established in Syrian hamsters by performing the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into four groups, namely Sham operation group (n = 12), AMI group (n = 12), GXV group (GXV 6 g/Kg/d, n = 12), and Tranilast group (Tra 105 mg/Kg/d, n = 12). Drug intervention was conducted for consecutive 8 weeks. Relative biological indicators were measured in the 4th and 8th week, respectively. Results Cardiac functions were improved, and the infarcted size and heart weight index were limited in Syrian hamsters of GXV and Tra groups compared with those in AMI group. Furthermore, GXV was able to decrease the number of mast cells and chymase level in Syrian hamsters with AMI. Administration of GXV remarkably inactivated the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system, and alleviated myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, thus slowing down VR at post-AMI. Conclusion GXV slows down the process of VR at post-AMI by reducing chymase level and mast cells number, as well as inactivating the reninangiotension-aldosterone system.. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03211-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Daming Road 157#, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Songyi Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Daming Road 157#, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Daming Road 157#, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Ruberti OM, Rodrigues B. Estrogen Deprivation and Myocardial Infarction: Role of Aerobic Exercise Training, Inflammation and Metabolomics. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 16:292-305. [PMID: 31362678 PMCID: PMC7903506 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190729153026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, postmenopausal women present higher mortality, and worse prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) compared to men, due to estrogen deficiency. After MI, cardiovascular alterations occur such as the autonomic imbalance and the pro-inflammatory cytokines increase. In this sense, therapies that aim to minimize deleterious effects caused by myocardial ischemia are important. Aerobic training has been proposed as a promising intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, some studies have attempted to identify potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases or specifically for MI. For this purpose, metabolomics has been used as a tool in the discovery of cardiovascular biomarkers. Therefore, the objective of this work is to discuss the changes involved in ovariectomy, myocardial infarction, and aerobic training, with emphasis on inflammation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia M Ruberti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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7
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Baidyuk EV, Sakuta GA, Vorobev ML, Stepanov AV, Karpov AA, Rogoza OV, Kudryavtsev BN. Rat Left Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Characterization in the Process of Postinfarction Myocardial Remodeling. Cytometry A 2019; 95:730-736. [PMID: 30852842 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic lesions of the heart, including myocardial infarction, are the most common pathologies of human cardiovascular system. Despite all the research and achievements of medicine in this field, the mortality from this disease remains heavy. Therefore, studying of processes occurring in the myocardium in the early and late postinfarction periods remains important. Rat left ventricular cardiomyocyte (CMC) ploidy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and ultrastructure were investigated in 2, 6, and 26 weeks after experimental myocardial infarction, caused by permanent ligation of left coronary artery. Cytofluorimetric study of CMC ploidy revealed no difference between normal, sham-operated, and infarcted animals for all the tested stages. However, interference microscopy indicated significant changes in cells size. CMC dry mass of infarcted rats in 2 weeks after surgery was 1.5 times lower than in control and sham operated groups. Electron microscopy analysis of CMC revealed disruption of sarcomere structure. However, in 6 weeks after surgery CMC dry mass was 1.6 times higher than in control. In 26 weeks after myocardial infarction CMC dry mass exceeded control only in peri-infarction zone. Cell counting showed that the number of left ventricular CMC, reduced as a result of myocardial infarction, was not restored during myocardial remodeling. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Baidyuk
- Laboratory of Cell Pathology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina A Sakuta
- Laboratory of Cell Pathology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail L Vorobev
- Laboratory of Cell Pathology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei V Stepanov
- Laboratory of Cell Pathology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei A Karpov
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Rogoza
- Pathoanatomic laboratory of medical rehabilitation complex, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris N Kudryavtsev
- Laboratory of Cell Pathology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Hendriks T, Schurer RAJ, Al Ali L, van den Heuvel AFM, van der Harst P. Left ventricular restoration devices post myocardial infarction. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 23:871-883. [PMID: 29770903 PMCID: PMC6208878 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Even in the era of percutaneous reperfusion therapy, left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) leading to heart failure remains a major health concern. Contractile dysfunction of the infarcted myocardium results in an increased pressure load, leading to maladaptive reshaping of the LV. Several percutaneous transcatheter procedures have been developed to deliver devices that restore LV shape and function. The purposes of this review are to discuss the spectrum of transcatheter devices that are available or in development for attenuation of adverse LV remodeling and to critically examine the available evidence for improvement of functional status and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hendriks
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco A J Schurer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lawien Al Ali
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad F M van den Heuvel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Qipshidze Kelm N, Piell KM, Wang E, Cole MP. MicroRNAs as predictive biomarkers for myocardial injury in aged mice following myocardial infarction. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5214-5221. [PMID: 29150941 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) increases appreciably with age. In the Framingham Heart Study, the incidence of MI more than doubles for men and increases more than five-fold in women (ages 55-64 years compared to 85-94 years). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) quantitatively regulate their target's expression post-transcriptionally by either silencing action through binding at the 3'UTR domains or degrading the messages at their coding regions. In either case, these regulations affect the cardiac transcriptional output and cardiac function. Among the known cardiac associated miRNA, miRNA-1, miRNA-133a, and miRNA-34a have been shown to induce adverse structural remodeling to impair cardiac contractile function. In the present study, an in vivo model of MI in young (3 month) and old (22 month) mice is used to investigate the possible role whereby these three miRNAs exert negative effects on heart function following MI. Herein we demonstrate that in older mouse heart, all three microRNAs show increased levels of expression, while miRNA-1 shows a further increase in old mouse heart following MI, which corresponds to left ventricular (LV) wall thinning. These structural changes in cardiac tissue may causes downstream LV dilation and subsequent LV dysfunction. Results presented here suggest that significantly elevated levels of miRNA-1 in post-MI old heart could be predictive of cardiac injury in older mice as the high risk biomarker for MI in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natia Qipshidze Kelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Eugenia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Gheens Center on Aging, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Gheens Center on Aging, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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10
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Clark JE, Dudler T, Marber MS, Schwaeble W. Cardioprotection by an anti-MASP-2 antibody in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000652. [PMID: 29344374 PMCID: PMC5761301 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Many approaches have been investigated to counteract the pathological consequences associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cardiac remodelling. It is accepted that inflammation, and therefore activation of the complement pathway, is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of this injury, and many attempts have been made to ameliorate the infarction and consequent dysfunction using anticomplement therapy, with mixed success. Recently, the lectin complement activation pathway involving the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) has been shown to be an important mediator of the inflammatory response in ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the heart. In this study, therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of using monoclonal antibodies raised against MASP-2 in a murine model of AMI. Methods Mice were injected with anti-MASP-2 antibody or control 18 hours prior to experimental infarction by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. The developed infarct was measured, and blood was collected for analysis of lectin pathway functional activity. Results and conclusions We found that mice treated with anti-MASP-2 antibody had smaller infarcts than those treated with control antibody. We believe this may represent a valuable step forward in the protection of the myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Clark
- BHF Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Dudler
- Drug Discovery, Omeros Corporation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael S Marber
- BHF Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wilhelm Schwaeble
- Department of Infection, Immunity and inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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11
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Xiao L, He H, Ma L, Da M, Cheng S, Duan Y, Wang Q, Wu H, Song X, Duan W, Tian Z, Hou Y. Effects of miR-29a and miR-101a Expression on Myocardial Interstitial Collagen Generation After Aerobic Exercise in Myocardial-infarcted Rats. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:27-34. [PMID: 28577867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by increased collagen deposition, cell necrosis and angiogenesis in cardiac tissue, which results in reduced ventricular compliance. Both microRNA-29a (miR-29a) and microRNA-101a (miR-101a) target the mRNAs encoding collagens and other proteins involved in fibrosis. METHODS We assessed the effects of intermittent aerobic exercise on the expression of cardiac miR-29a and miR-101a and following effects on the TGFβ, fos, Smad2/3, COL1A1 and COL3A1 in MI model of rats. Intermittent aerobic exercise for MI rats was begun from the second week and ended at the ninth week postsurgery. Expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) and fibrosis-associated genes were detected from the infarction adjacent region located in the left ventricle. The heart coefficient (HC = heart weight/body weight) and hemodynamics assay were used to evaluate cardiac function level. RESULTS Intermittent aerobic exercise inhibited myocardial interstitial collagen deposition and significantly improved cardiac function of MI rats. The results of real-time PCR and Western blot indicate that intermittent aerobic exercise enhanced the expression of miR-29a and miR-101a and inhibited TGFβ pathway in the MI rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that controlled intermittent aerobic exercise can inhibit TGFβ pathway via up-regulation to the expression of miR-29a and miR-101a and finally cause a reduced fibrosis and scar formation in cardiac tissue. We believe that controlled intermittent aerobic exercise is beneficial to the healing and discovery of damaged cardiac tissues and their function after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huimin He
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Da
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sinan Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huayi Wu
- The High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xigui Song
- The High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Relevance of mouse models of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac research. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:123-145. [PMID: 27766529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease causing cardiac cell death due to ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathies are the major cause for congestive heart failure, and thrombosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of myocardial infarction. Cardiac injury is followed by post-injury cardiac remodeling or fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the cardiac interstitium and results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. It has been suggested by both experimental and clinical evidence that fibrotic changes in the heart are reversible. Hence, it is vital to understand the mechanism involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis to design anti-fibrotic treatment modalities. Animal models are of great importance for cardiovascular research studies. With the developing research field, the choice of selecting an animal model for the proposed research study is crucial for its outcome and translational purpose. Compared to large animal models for cardiac research, the mouse model is preferred by many investigators because of genetic manipulations and easier handling. This critical review is focused to provide insight to young researchers about the various mouse models, advantages and disadvantages, and their use in research pertaining to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.
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Yakar A, Yakar F, Ziyade N, Yıldız M, Üzün İ. Cardiac Findings of Pulmonary Thromboembolism by Autopsy: A Review of 48 Cases. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1410-4. [PMID: 27117720 PMCID: PMC4913817 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify the overall effects of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) on the heart, we evaluated the heart findings and clinical characteristics of deceased patients diagnosed with PTE. Material/Methods PTEs were classified into 2 categories: fatal and contributory. Cases with a history of cardiopulmonary disease or a finding of significant disease at autopsy, including valvular heart disease and coronary artery obstruction >50%, were excluded from the cardiac evaluation. We defined an LV wall ≥1.2 cm thick and an RV wall ≥0.8 cm thick as abnormal. Results Forty-eight cases were included to the study (21 males and 27 females). The mean age was 41.42±16.5 years. Of the 48 cases, 5 were excluded due to cardiopulmonary diseases for determining heart findings. The thicknesses of the LV and RV walls were not measured in some patients. In the 43 cases, cardiac hypertrophy was detected in 28 patients (65.1%). The mean heart weight was 387±83.5 g. The mean thickness of the left ventricle (LV) wall was 1.40±0.41 cm in 40 cases, and the mean thickness of the RV wall was 0.41±0.135 cm in 41 cases. The LV walls of 35 (87.5%) cases and the RV walls of 2 cases met criteria for abnormal wall thickness. There were histopathological findings of heart in 24/43 cases (56%); these findings were necrosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. Conclusions The RV is affected by massive pulmonary embolism; however, the LV may also play a role in the pathogenesis of PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Yakar
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yakar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihan Ziyade
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhlis Yıldız
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Üzün
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Istanbul, Turkey
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Skorska A, von Haehling S, Ludwig M, Lux CA, Gaebel R, Kleiner G, Klopsch C, Dong J, Curato C, Altarche-Xifró W, Slavic S, Unger T, Steinhoff G, Li J, David R. The CD4(+) AT2R(+) T cell subpopulation improves post-infarction remodelling and restores cardiac function. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1975-85. [PMID: 25991381 PMCID: PMC4549048 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major condition causing heart failure (HF). After MI, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and its signalling octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) interferes with cardiac injury/repair via the AT1 and AT2 receptors (AT1R, AT2R). Our study aimed at deciphering the mechanisms underlying the link between RAS and cellular components of the immune response relying on a rodent model of HF as well as HF patients. Flow cytometric analyses showed an increase in the expression of CD4(+) AT2R(+) cells in the rat heart and spleen post-infarction, but a reduction in the peripheral blood. The latter was also observed in HF patients. The frequency of rat CD4(+) AT2R(+) T cells in circulating blood, post-infarcted heart and spleen represented 3.8 ± 0.4%, 23.2 ± 2.7% and 22.6 ± 2.6% of the CD4(+) cells. CD4(+) AT2R(+) T cells within blood CD4(+) T cells were reduced from 2.6 ± 0.2% in healthy controls to 1.7 ± 0.4% in patients. Moreover, we characterized CD4(+) AT2R(+) T cells which expressed regulatory FoxP3, secreted interleukin-10 and other inflammatory-related cytokines. Furthermore, intramyocardial injection of MI-induced splenic CD4(+) AT2R(+) T cells into recipient rats with MI led to reduced infarct size and improved cardiac performance. We defined CD4(+) AT2R(+) cells as a T cell subset improving heart function post-MI corresponding with reduced infarction size in a rat MI-model. Our results indicate CD4(+) AT2R(+) cells as a promising population for regenerative therapy, via myocardial transplantation, pharmacological AT2R activation or a combination thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skorska
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marion Ludwig
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cornelia A Lux
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Gaebel
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriela Kleiner
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Klopsch
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Curato
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) and Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wassim Altarche-Xifró
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) and Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svetlana Slavic
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) and Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Unger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) and Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gustav Steinhoff
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Clinical Stem Cell Research Center and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert David
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC)/Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Gierach J, Gierach M, Świątkiewicz I, Woźnicki M, Grześk G, Sukiennik A, Koziñski M, Kubica J. Admission glucose and left ventricular systolic function in non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heart Vessels 2014; 31:298-307. [PMID: 25539622 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism disorder in patients hospitalized due to acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with poor outcome. The association is even stronger in non-diabetic patients compared to the diabetics. Poor outcome of patients with elevated parameters of carbohydrate metabolism may be associated with negative impact of these disorders on left ventricular (LV) function. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of admission glycemia on LV systolic function in acute phase and 6 months after myocardial infarction in STEMI patients treated with primary angioplasty, without carbohydrate disorders. The study group consisted of 52 patients (9 female, 43 male) aged 35-74 years, admitted to the Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, due to the first STEMI treated with primary coronary angioplasty with stent implantation, without diabetes in anamnesis and carbohydrate metabolism disorders diagnosed during hospitalization. Echocardiography was performed in all patients in acute phase and 6 months after MI. Plasma glucose were measured at hospital admission. In the subgroup with glycemia ≥7.1 mmol/l, in comparison to patients with glycemia <7.1 mmol/l, significantly lower ejection fraction (EF) was observed in acute phase of MI (44.4 ± 5.4 vs. 47.8 ± 6.3 %, p = 0.04) and trend to lower EF 6 months after MI [47.2 ± 6.5 vs. 50.3 ± 6.3 %, p = 0.08 (ns)]. Higher admission glycemia in patients with STEMI and without carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, may be a marker of poorer prognosis resulting from lower LV ejection fraction in the acute phase and in the long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gierach
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Grudziadz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Gierach
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Iwona Świątkiewicz
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Woźnicki
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Sukiennik
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Koziñski
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Grans CF, Feriani DJ, Abssamra MEV, Rocha LY, Carrozzi NM, Mostarda C, Figueroa DM, Angelis KD, Irigoyen MC, Rodrigues B. Resistance training after myocardial infarction in rats: its role on cardiac and autonomic function. Arq Bras Cardiol 2014; 103:60-8. [PMID: 25014059 PMCID: PMC4126762 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20140093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although resistance exercise training is part of cardiovascular rehabilitation
programs, little is known about its role on the cardiac and autonomic function
after myocardial infarction. Objective To evaluate the effects of resistance exercise training, started early after
myocardial infarction, on cardiac function, hemodynamic profile, and autonomic
modulation in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control, trained
control, sedentary infarcted and trained infarcted rats. Each group with n = 9
rats. The animals underwent maximum load test and echocardiography at the
beginning and at the end of the resistance exercise training (in an adapted
ladder, 40% to 60% of the maximum load test, 3 months, 5 days/week). At the end,
hemodynamic, baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic modulation assessments were
made. Results The maximum load test increased in groups trained control (+32%) and trained
infarcted (+46%) in relation to groups sedentary control and sedentary infarcted.
Although no change occurred regarding the myocardial infarction size and systolic
function, the E/A ratio (-23%), myocardial performance index (-39%) and systolic
blood pressure (+6%) improved with resistance exercise training in group trained
infarcted. Concomitantly, the training provided additional benefits in the high
frequency bands of the pulse interval (+45%), as well as in the low frequency band
of systolic blood pressure (-46%) in rats from group trained infarcted in relation
to group sedentary infarcted. Conclusion Resistance exercise training alone may be an important and safe tool in the
management of patients after myocardial infarction, considering that it does not
lead to significant changes in the ventricular function, reduces the global
cardiac stress, and significantly improves the vascular and cardiac autonomic
modulation in infarcted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leandro Yanase Rocha
- Laboratório do Movimento Humano, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiano Mostarda
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Diego Mendrot Figueroa
- Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Laboratório do Movimento Humano, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Connelly KA, Zhang Y, Advani A, Advani SL, Thai K, Yuen DA, Gilbert RE. DPP-4 inhibition attenuates cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction in rats with experimental diabetes. Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 31:259-67. [PMID: 22963483 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Following myocardial infarction (MI), individuals with diabetes have a two-fold increase in the risk of heart failure, due in part to excessive loss of cardiac microvasculature. Endothelial integrity and restitution are mediated in part by stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), a chemokine that is elaborated by ischemic tissue but rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Accordingly, we hypothesized that inhibiting this enzyme may confer benefit following myocardial infarction in the diabetic setting beyond its effect on glycemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Fischer F344 rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes were randomized to receive vehicle or the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin (300 mg/kg/day). Two weeks later, animals underwent experimental MI, induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac function was assessed by conductance catheterization and echocardiography along with cardiac structure 4 weeks post-MI. Following MI, untreated diabetic rats developed both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, in association with endothelial cell loss, fibrosis, and myocyte hypertrophy. Without affecting plasma glucose, sitagliptin treatment led to an improvement in passive left ventricular compliance, increased endothelial cell density, reduced myocyte hypertrophy, and a reduction in the abundance of collagen 1 (all P < 0.05). Systolic function was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that DPP-4 inhibition attenuates several, but not all, aspects of cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling in the post-MI setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Alexander Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zebrafish as a Model for Studying Cardiac Regeneration. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kochegura TN, Makarevich PI, Ovchinnikov AG, Zhigunova LV, Lahova EL, Shestakova MV, Ageev FT, Parfenova EV. Circulating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in patients with comorbidity of chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired lipid metabolism. DIABETES MELLITUS 2013. [DOI: 10.14341/2072-0351-3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the plasma level of circulating heptocyte growth factor (HGF) in patients with comorbidity of post-infarction chronic heart failure (CHF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. We also aimed to assess possible correlations between HGF levels and parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as myocardial functional characteristics and classic biochemical severity markers for CHF.17Сахар ный диабет КардиологияСахарный диабет. 2013;(2):17-25
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 100 patients for participation in this study, including the following subgroups: 20 individuals with- out cardiovascular and glycemic disorders, 30 patients with CHF, 25 patients with CHF/T2DM comorbidity and 25 diabetic patients with no signs of heart failure. Quantitative plasma HGF analysis was performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: Plasma HGF was elevated both in patients with CHF and T2DM as measured against healthy control group. The elevation was most prominent in patients with CHF/T2DM comorbidity and was found to correlate with HbA1c level (r=0.52, p=0.03). Plasma HGF also correlated with BMI (r=0.42, p=0007) in a unified study group, though we observed no statistically significant difference between subgroups with a trend toward higher HGF in obese patients with CHF/T2DM comorbidity (626.1?254.1 pg/ml vs 742.0?210.7 pg/ml respectively; p 0.05). Interestingly, plasma HGF was also significantly higher in controls with BMI 30 km/m2 (324.1?107.7 pg/ml vs 436.9?112.3 pg/ml, p=0.03).Circulating HGF correlated with plasma levels of N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and such structural and functional myocardial characteristics as left atrial size and maximum volume along with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-diastolic dimension (EDD).
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that HGF may potentially serve as a prediction marker for unfavorable myocardial remodeling and poor prognosis in CHF patients with T2DM and obesity, though this possibility should be further investigated in follow-up studies.
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LIU AIGUO, GAO XUAN, ZHANG QINGBIN, CUI LIANQUN. Cathepsin B inhibition attenuates cardiac dysfunction and remodeling following myocardial infarction by inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:361-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Manlhiot C, Niedra E, McCrindle BW. Long-term management of Kawasaki disease: implications for the adult patient. Pediatr Neonatol 2013; 54:12-21. [PMID: 23445738 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery complications from Kawasaki disease (KD) range from no involvement to giant coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). Current long-term management protocols are calibrated to the degree of maximal and current coronary artery involvement reflecting the known likelihood of severe long-term cardiac complications. It has recently been suggested that all KD patients may be at potential risk of severe long-term cardiac complications. If this assertion was to be confirmed, current follow-up protocols would need to be extensively modified, with important implications both for the growing adult population with a previous history of KD and for the healthcare system. Based on the available evidence, patients with multiple large and/or giant CAA are at substantial risk of severe long-term cardiac complications and should have regular specialized follow-up. Patients with transient or no CAA have not been reported to be at risk of severe long-term cardiac complications. The influence of KD on the atherosclerotic process remains suboptimally defined, and should be the focus of future studies. Heightened cardiovascular risk factor surveillance and management is recommended regardless of coronary artery involvement. Based on the currently available evidence, existing long-term management protocols seem to be appropriately calibrated to the level of risk. Revised long-term management protocols should incorporate newer, noninvasive imaging methods and intensive management of atherosclerotic risk. There is insufficient evidence at this time to mandate long-term specialized follow-up and invasive testing for patients who have not had CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Manlhiot
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Analysis of [11C]methyl-candesartan kinetics in the rat kidney for the assessment of angiotensin II type 1 receptor density in vivo with PET. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:252-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liao SY, Tse HF, Chan YC, Mei-Chu Yip P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li RA. Overexpression of Kir2.1 channel in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes attenuates posttransplantation proarrhythmic risk in myocardial infarction. Heart Rhythm 2012; 10:273-82. [PMID: 23041574 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular replacement strategies using embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) have been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and prevent LV remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI). Nonetheless, the immature electrical phenotypes of ESC-CMs may increase the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) and sudden death. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the forced expression of Kir2.1-encoded inward rectifying K(+) channels that are otherwise absent in ESC-CMs would attenuate their proarrhythmic risk after transplantation post-MI. METHODS Mouse ESC line stably transduced with a lentivirus (LentV)-based doxycycline (DOX)-inducible system coexpressing the transgenes Kir2.1 and a dsRed (LentV-THM-Kir2.1-GFP/LentV-TR-KRAB-dsRed) was differentiated into ESC-CMs with (DOX(+)) or without (DOX(-)) treatment with DOX. Detailed in vitro and in vivo assessments of LV function and cardiac electrophysiology were measured 4 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS ESC-CM DOX(+) with atrial and ventricular phenotype exhibited more hyperpolarizing resting membrane potential than did ESC-CM DOX(-) (P< .05). Transplantations of ESC-CM DOX(-) and ESC-CM DOX(+) both significantly improved LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic diameter, end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, and positive maximal and negative pressure derivative (P< .05) at 4 weeks compared with the MI group; however, the DOX(-) group (22 of 40, 55%) had a significantly higher early sudden death rate than the DOX(+) group (13 of 40, 32.5%; P = .036). Telemetry monitoring revealed that the DOX(-) group (6.09%±3.65%) had significantly more episodes of spontaneous VT compared with the DOX(+) group (0.92%±0.81%; P< .05). In vivo programmed electrical stimulation at 2 weeks resulted in a significantly higher incidence of inducible VT in the DOX(-) group (9 of 16, 56.25%) compared with the DOX(+) group (3 of 16, 18.75%; P = .031). CONCLUSIONS Forced expression of Kir2.1 in ESC-CMs improves their electrical phenotypes and lowers the risk of inducible and spontaneous VT after post-MI transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yan Liao
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Pan Z, Sun X, Shan H, Wang N, Wang J, Ren J, Feng S, Xie L, Lu C, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Yang B. MicroRNA-101 inhibited postinfarct cardiac fibrosis and improved left ventricular compliance via the FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene/transforming growth factor-β1 pathway. Circulation 2012; 126:840-50. [PMID: 22811578 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.094524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac interstitial fibrosis is a major cause of the deteriorated performance of the heart in patients with chronic myocardial infarction. MicroRNAs (miRs) have recently been proven to be a novel class of regulators of cardiovascular diseases, including those associated with cardiac fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-101 in cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Four weeks after coronary artery ligation of rats, the expression of miR-101a and miR-101b (miR-101a/b) in the peri-infarct area was decreased. Treatment of cultured rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts with angiotensin II also suppressed the expression of miR-101a/b. Forced expression of miR-101a/b suppressed the proliferation and collagen production in rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, as revealed by cell counting, MTT assay, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The effect was abrogated by cotransfection with AMO-101a/b, the antisense inhibitors of miR-101a/b. c-Fos was found to be a target of miR-101a because overexpression of miR-101a decreased the protein and mRNA levels of c-Fos and its downstream protein transforming growth factor-β1. Silencing c-Fos by siRNA mimicked the antifibrotic action of miR-101a, whereas forced expression of c-Fos protein canceled the effect of miR-101a in cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Strikingly, echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements indicated remarkable improvement of the cardiac performance 4 weeks after adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-101a in rats with chronic myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the interstitial fibrosis was alleviated and the expression of c-Fos and transforming growth factor-β1 was inhibited. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-101a can mitigate interstitial fibrosis and the deterioration of cardiac performance in postinfarct rats, indicating the therapeutic potential of miR-101a for cardiac disease associated with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Arenal A, Hernandez J, Perez-David E, Rubio-Guivernau JL, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Fernandez-Aviles F. Do the spatial characteristics of myocardial scar tissue determine the risk of ventricular arrhythmias? Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:324-32. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Broch K, Ueland T, Nymo SH, Kjekshus J, Hulthe J, Muntendam P, McMurray JJ, Wikstrand J, Cleland JG, Aukrust P, Gullestad L. Soluble ST2 is associated with adverse outcome in patients with heart failure of ischaemic aetiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 14:268-77. [PMID: 22302661 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In patients with ischaemic heart failure (HF), myocardial dysfunction often progresses. Elevated levels of soluble ST2 (sST2) are associated with a poor prognosis, but an association between sST2 and worsening heart failure per se has not been established. We assessed the association between sST2 and cause-specific outcome in 1449 patients enrolled in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure (CORONA study). METHODS AND RESULTS Soluble ST2 was measured with a highly sensitive immunoassay in 1449 patients ≥60 years of age with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% due to ischaemic heart disease. By Cox regression analyses, we found sST2 to be associated with the primary endpoint, i.e. a composite of cadiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or stroke, as well as all pre-defined secondary endpoints in the CORONA study, even after adjustment for baseline clinical variables. After adjustment for N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein, the association between sST2 and the primary endpoint was attenuated and no longer statistically significant. However, sST2 remained associated with death due to worsening HF, hospitalization due to worsening HF, and hospitalization due to any CV cause, even after full adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Soluble ST2 is associated with adverse outcomes in older patients with systolic, ischaemic HF. In particular, sST2 is independently associated with worsening HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Broch
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
This article outlines the link between the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and various forms of cardiomyopathy, and also reviews the understanding of the effectiveness of RAAS intervention in this phase of ventricular dysfunction. The authors focus their discussion predominantly on patients who have had previous myocardial infarction or those who have left ventricular hypertrophy and also briefly discuss the role of RAAS activation and intervention in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Collier
- Heart Failure Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Pan Z, Zhao W, Zhang X, Wang B, Wang J, Sun X, Liu X, Feng S, Yang B, Lu Y. Scutellarin alleviates interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction of infarct rats by inhibiting TGFβ1 expression and activation of p38-MAPK and ERK1/2. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:688-700. [PMID: 20942814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interstitial fibrosis plays a causal role in the development of heart failure after chronic myocardial infarction (MI), and anti-fibrotic therapy represents a promising strategy to mitigate this pathological process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term administration of scutellarin (Scu) on cardiac interstitial fibrosis of myocardial infarct rats and the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Scu was administered to rats that were subjected to coronary artery ligation. Eight weeks later, its effects on cardiac fibrosis were assessed by examining cardiac function and histology. The number and collagen content of cultured cardiac fibroblasts exposed to angiotensin II (Ang II) were determined after the administration of Scu in vitro. Protein expression was detected by Western blot technique, and mRNA levels by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. KEY RESULTS The echocardiographic and haemodynamic measurements showed that Scu improved the impaired cardiac function of infarct rats and decreased interstitial fibrosis. Scu inhibited the expression of FN1 and TGFβ1, but produced no effects on inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) in the 8 week infarct hearts. Scu inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and the up-regulation of FN1 and TGFβ1 induced by Ang II. The enhanced phosphorylation of p38-MAPK and ERK1/2 in both infarct cardiac tissue and cultured CFs challenged by Ang II were suppressed by Scu. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Long-term administration of Scu improved the cardiac function of MI rats by inhibiting interstitial fibrosis, and the mechanisms may involve the suppression of pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ1 expression and inhibition of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Idikio HA. Postmyocardial infarct remodeling and heart failure: potential contributions from pro- and antiaging factors. Cardiol Res Pract 2011; 2011:836806. [PMID: 21559227 PMCID: PMC3088096 DOI: 10.4061/2011/836806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and adverse postinfarct remodeling in older persons lead to poor outcome and need greater understanding of the contributions of age-related factors on abnormal cardiac function and management. In this perspective, how normal aging processes could contribute to the events of post-myocardial infarction and remodeling is reviewed. Post-myocardial infarction and remodeling involve cardiomechanical factors and neurohormonal response. Many factors prevent or accelerate aging including immunosenescence, recruitment and regeneration of stem cells, telomere shortening, oxidative damage, antiaging hormones klotho and melatonin, nutrition, and Sirtiun protein family, and these factors could affect post-MI remodeling and heart failure. Interest in stem cell repair of myocardial infarcts to mitigate post-MI remodeling needs more information on aging of stem cells, and potential effects on stem cell use in infarct repair. Integrating genomics and proteomics methods may help find clinically novel therapy in the management of post-MI remodeling and heart failure in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halliday A Idikio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Room 5B4.11 WCM-HSC, 8440-112th Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6R 2B7
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Shih H, Lee B, Lee RJ, Boyle AJ. The aging heart and post-infarction left ventricular remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:9-17. [PMID: 21185495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.08.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for heart failure, which is a leading cause of death world-wide. Elderly patients are more likely than young patients to experience a myocardial infarction (MI) and are more likely to develop heart failure following MI. The poor clinical outcome of aging in cardiovascular disease is recapitulated on the cellular level. Increase in stress exposure and shifts in signaling pathways with age change the biology of cardiomyocytes. The progressive accumulation of metabolic waste and damaged organelles in cardiomyocytes blocks the intracellular recycling process of autophagy and increases the cell's propensity toward apoptosis. Additionally, the decreased cardiomyocyte renewal capacity in the elderly, due to reduction in cellular division and impaired stem cell function, leads to further cardiac dysfunction and maladaptive responses to disease or stress. We review the cellular and molecular aspects of post-infarction remodeling in the aged heart, and relate them to the clinical problem of post-infarction remodeling in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Shih
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Kondo H, Hojo Y, Takahashi N, Ikemoto T, Aoki H, Dezaki K, Kario K, Katsuki T, Yada T, Shimada K. Roles of ghrelin in left-ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction. HEART ASIA 2010; 2:1-4. [PMID: 27325930 PMCID: PMC4898497 DOI: 10.1136/ha.2009.000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of ghrelin after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in left ventricular (LV) remodelling. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Jichi Medical University Hospital. PATIENTS Fifty consecutive patients experiencing their first AMI. INTERVENTIONS Ghrelin was measured on the day of admission, day 7, day 14 and 6 months after AMI. Patients were treated by percutaneous coronary intervention, and successful myocardial reperfusion was accomplished within 12 h after onset. To analyse LV remodelling, the authors performed left ventriculographies on the day of admission and 6 months after AMI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in LV volume. RESULTS Plasma ghrelin increased significantly after AMI (admission: 40.9±7.3; day 7: 89.5±11.0; day 14: 92.6±11.8 fmol/ml, p<0.0001). There was a significant correlation between ghrelin on day 14 and changes in LV volume over 6 months (r=+0.46, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that ghrelin on day 14 is a significant predictor of LV remodelling after AMI (β=+0.44, p=0.001). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows a relation between circulating ghrelin after AMI and the progression of LV remodelling in the chronic phase. The elevation of ghrelin after AMI might be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate LV remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hojo
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nozomu Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ikemoto
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Dezaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Katsuki
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shimada
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi, Japan
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Tan SM, Zhang Y, Connelly KA, Gilbert RE, Kelly DJ. Targeted inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase 5 signaling attenuates cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1415-25. [PMID: 20154262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01048.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), the heart undergoes a pathological process known as remodeling, which in many instances results in cardiac dysfunction and ultimately heart failure and death. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling following MI. We thus aimed to inhibit TGF-beta signaling using a novel orally active TGF-beta type I receptor [activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)] inhibitor (GW788388) to attenuate left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of MI. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to induce experimental MI and then were randomized to receive GW788388 at a dosage of 50 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) or vehicle 1 wk after surgery. After 4 wk of treatment, echocardiography was performed before the rats were euthanized. Animals that received left anterior descending coronary artery ligation demonstrated systolic dysfunction, Smad2 activation, myofibroblasts accumulation, collagen deposition, and myocyte hypertrophy (all P < 0.05). Treatment with GW788388 significantly attenuated systolic dysfunction in the MI animals, together with the attenuation of the activated (phosphorylated) Smad2 (P < 0.01), alpha-smooth muscle actin (P < 0.001), and collagen I (P < 0.05) in the noninfarct zone of MI rats. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in MI hearts was also attenuated by ALK5 inhibition (P < 0.05). In brief, treatment with a novel TGF-beta type I receptor inhibitor, GW788388, significantly reduced TGF-beta activity, leading to the attenuation of systolic dysfunction and left ventricular remodeling in an experimental rat model of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih Min Tan
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, 29 Regent St., Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
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Hadizad T, Kirkpatrick SA, Mason S, Burns K, Beanlands RS, DaSilva JN. Novel O-[11C]methylated derivatives of candesartan as angiotensin II AT1 receptor imaging ligands: Radiosynthesis and ex vivo evaluation in rats. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7971-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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FREIMANN SARIT, KESSLER-ICEKSON GANIA, SHAHAR IRIS, RADOM-AIZIK SHLOMIT, YITZHAKY ASSIF, ELDAR MICHAEL, SCHEINOWITZ MICKEY. Exercise Training Alters the Molecular Response to Myocardial Infarction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:757-65. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31819125b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cieniewski-Bernard C, Mulder P, Henry JP, Drobecq H, Dubois E, Pottiez G, Thuillez C, Amouyel P, Richard V, Pinet F. Proteomic analysis of left ventricular remodeling in an experimental model of heart failure. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:5004-16. [PMID: 18922030 DOI: 10.1021/pr800409u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of chronic heart failure (CHF) following myocardial infarction is characterized by progressive alterations of left ventricle (LV) structure and function called left ventricular remodeling (LVR), but the mechanism of LVR remains still unclear. Moreover, information concerning the global alteration protein pattern during the LVR will be helpful for a better understanding of the process. We performed differential proteomic analysis of whole LV proteins using an experimental model of CHF in which myocardial infarction was induced in adult male rats by left coronary ligation. Among 1000 protein spots detected in 2D-gels, 49 were differentially expressed in LV of 2-month-old CHF-rats, corresponding to 27 different identified proteins (8 spots remained unidentified), classified in different functional groups as being heat shock proteins, reticulum endoplasmic stress proteins, oxidative stress proteins, glycolytic enzymes, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins and respiratory chain proteins. We validated modulation of selected proteins using Western blot analysis. Our data showed that proteins involved in cardiac metabolism and oxidative stress are modulated during LVR. Interestingly, proteins of stress response showed different adaptation pathways in the early and late phase of LVR. Expression of four proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alphaB-crystallin, peroxiredoxin 2, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, was linked to echographic parameters according to heart failure severity.
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Rockson SG, deGoma EM, Fonarow GC. Reinforcing a continuum of care: in-hospital initiation of long-term secondary prevention following acute coronary syndromes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2008; 21:375-88. [PMID: 17701334 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-007-6043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome are particularly susceptible to further vascular or ischemic events. Effective secondary prevention following acute coronary syndrome requires multiple medications targeting the different mechanisms of atherothrombosis. The 2002 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the management of unstable angina and non ST-segment myocardial infarction and the 2004 guidelines for ST-segment myocardial infarction assign priority to the long-term administration of four critical classes of drugs: antiplatelet agents, in particular aspirin and clopidogrel, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins. CONCLUSIONS Despite clinical trial evidence demonstrating their ability to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, available preventive pharmacotherapies remain underutilized. Suboptimal compliance with current recommendations, as with other management guidelines, arises from a host of entrenched physician, patient, and system-related factors. Optimal management of acute coronary syndrome acknowledges a continuum of care in which acute stabilization represents a single important component. Early, in-hospital implementation of secondary preventive measures reinforces the continuum of care approach, promoting a successful transition from treatment to prevention, inpatient to outpatient management, and, when appropriate, subspecialist to generalist care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley G Rockson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Bujak M, Ren G, Kweon HJ, Dobaczewski M, Reddy A, Taffet G, Wang XF, Frangogiannis NG. Essential role of Smad3 in infarct healing and in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. Circulation 2007; 116:2127-38. [PMID: 17967775 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.704197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postinfarction cardiac repair is regulated through timely activation and repression of inflammatory pathways, followed by transition to fibrous tissue deposition and formation of a scar. The transforming growth factor-beta/Smad3 pathway is activated in healing infarcts and may regulate cellular events critical for the inflammatory and the fibrotic responses. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effects of Smad3 gene disruption on infarct healing and the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. In the absence of injury, Smad3-null hearts had comparable function to and similar morphology as wild-type hearts. Smad3-null animals had suppressed peak chemokine expression and decreased neutrophil recruitment in the infarcted myocardium but showed timely repression of inflammatory gene synthesis and resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate. Although myofibroblast density was higher in Smad3-null infarcts, interstitial deposition of collagen and tenascin-C in the remodeling myocardium was markedly reduced. Compared with wild-type animals, Smad3-/- mice exhibited decreased dilative remodeling and attenuated diastolic dysfunction; however, infarct size was comparable between groups. Transforming growth factor-beta-mediated induction of procollagen type III and tenascin-C in isolated cardiac fibroblasts was dependent on Smad3, which suggests that decreased fibrotic remodeling in infarcted Smad3-null hearts may be due to abrogation of the profibrotic transforming growth factor-beta responses. CONCLUSIONS Smad3 loss does not alter the time course of resolution of inflammation in healing infarcts, but it prevents interstitial fibrosis in the noninfarcted myocardium and attenuates cardiac remodeling. Thus, the Smad3 cascade may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bujak
- Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yasuda S, Miyazaki S, Kinoshita H, Nagaya N, Kanda M, Goto Y, Nonogi H. Enhanced cardiac production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and its attenuation associated with pravastatin treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 112:43-9. [PMID: 16939410 DOI: 10.1042/cs20060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous experimental studies have demonstrated that MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) contribute to LV (left ventricular) remodelling. We hypothesized that cardiac MMPs are activated in patients with AMI (acute myocardial infarction) and, if so, MMP production may be attenuated by statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) through their cardiovascular protective actions. We studied 30 patients, ten control patients with stable angina pectoris and 20 patients with AMI, in whom LV catheterization at the chronic stage was performed 22+/-12 days (value is mean+/-S.D.) after the onset of AMI. Blood samples were collected from the CS (coronary sinus) and a peripheral artery. In patients with AMI, the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the CS than the peripheral artery (MMP-2, 853+/-199 compared with 716+/-127 ng/ml; MMP-9, 165+/-129 compared with 98+/-82 ng/ml), whereas no significant differences were observed in the patients with angina pectoris. The CS-arterial concentration gradients of MMP-2 and MMP-9 correlated positively with BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) levels (MMP-2, R=0.68, P<0.01; MMP-9, R=0.59, P<0.05) and LV end-diastolic volume index (MMP-2, R=0.70, P<0.01; MMP-9, R=0.70, P<0.01). When patients with AMI treated with 10 mg of pravastatin or without (n=10 in each group) were compared, this statin therapy significantly (P<0.05) decreased the CS-arterial concentration gradients of MMP-2 (69+/-43 compared with 213+/-185 ng/ml) and MMP-9 (14+/-27 compared with 119+/-84 ng/ml). In conclusion, the enhanced production of cardiac MMP-2 and MMP-9 is associated with LV enlargement and elevated BNP levels in patients with AMI. A pleiotropic effect of statins appears to be associated with the modulation of cardiac MMP activation, which may be potentially beneficial in the attenuation of post-infarction LV remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
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Yamaguchi A, Adachi H, Kawahito K, Murata S, Ino T. Left ventricular reconstruction benefits patients with dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 79:456-61. [PMID: 15680814 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the preoperative left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) of greater than 100 mL/m2 was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of long-term mortality following isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), LV reconstruction (LVR) has been concomitantly performed in patients with a dilated LV due to ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS We retrospectively assessed the ability of preoperative and intraoperative variables to affect the actuarial survival in 48 patients with a preoperative LV ejection fraction (EF) of less than 0.30 and a preoperative LVESVI of greater than 100 mL/m2. Mean preoperative LVEF was 0.22 +/- 0.07, and preoperative LVESVI was 121 +/- 28 mL/m2. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in all patients. Mean number of grafted vessels was 2.8. The LVR was concomitantly performed in 20 patients and mitral valve plasty in 11. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were exposed to univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS There were 3 hospital deaths and 17 late deaths during the follow-up period. Causes of deaths were pump failure (9), myocardial infarction (2), ventricular arrhythmia (4), cerebral infarction (2), and cancer (2). Cox's proportional hazards model identified LVR and renal failure as independent factors, which affected the actuarial survival with odds ratios of 0.28 and 3.64 (p < 0.05). The 5-year actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier) was significantly greater following LVR (90% +/- 11%) compared to isolated CABG (53% +/- 17%). CONCLUSIONS Left ventricular reconstruction contributed to improve the actuarial survival in patients with dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy, which could not be achieved by isolated CABG. The LVR can be an alternative to heart transplantation for the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Omiya Medical Center, Jichi Medical School, Saitama, Japan.
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Abstract
In the future, we can certainly expect better assessment of myocardial wall, LV morphology, and performance, with careful approach and analysis of CMR allowing us to check exactly the morphology and volume performances of the LV, and chiefly the wall itself (Fig. 6). Perhaps it will be possible to have a hope of recovery for dilated but nonscarred myocardium, through a combination of currently existing surgical treatment (LVR + myocardial revascularization + mitral repair) and new techniques such as LVAD in appraisal, to help the nondiseased and tired myocardium, and suppress the immune or the autogenous hormonal reaction and let antagonist drugs be efficient. Analysis of some results published by the Berlin Heart Center in Berlin, Germany and others from Magdi Yacoub, MD (personal communication, 2002) showed improvement in LV wall thickness and contraction after months of left ventricular assistance, allowing weaning the idiopathic cardiomyopathy patient from assistance (bridge to recovery). Similar management may be possible in ischemic cardiomyopathy, where the LV wall is not uniformly diseased--one part is a scar and one part is dilated with living perfused myocardium. The synthesis of surgery (LVR) for the scarred area and medical treatment and mechanical support for the dilated portion can become the future method to treat severe end-stage ischemic congestive heart failure. The potential of adding cellular therapy to stimulate growth in the viable distended myocardium is perhaps a further promising complement of this treatment.
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St John Sutton M, Ferrari VA. Prevention of Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2002; 4:97-108. [PMID: 11858772 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-002-0030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Postinfarction left ventricular remodeling begins early after acute myocardial infarction and may continue for months to years afterward. Early re-establishment of flow in the occluded artery is associated with smaller left ventricular cavity volumes and reduced remodeling. Acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or thrombolytic therapy (for patients more than 1 hour away from a catheterization facility) as early as possible after symptoms is critical. Late reperfusion (PCI more than 12 hours after infarction) may prove useful, and this will be determined by the results of ongoing clinical trials. Recurrent MI is reduced by antiplatelet agents (aspirin in most patients) and by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Intravenous nitroglycerin may limit early (initial 24 hours) dilatation following infarction, but long-term use in asymptomatic patients is not efficacious. Beta- adrenergic receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have independent efficacy in attenuating the early and late phases of remodeling. The combined use of a beta-blocker and an ACE inhibitor has greater efficacy than either agent alone, provided they are tolerated hemodynamically. Although angiotensin II receptor antagonists have similar efficacy to ACE inhibitors and have fewer side effects, the angiotensin II receptor blockers should be reserved for patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors. In patients requiring diuretic therapy, spironolactone is preferred because of its salutary properties regarding extracellular matrix remodeling, specifically in reducing fibrosis. Surgical revascularization with or without associated mitral valve repair is useful in selected patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation or hibernating myocardium. New therapies directed at modulating the remodeling process may focus on manipulating the components of the extracellular matrix to reduce the deleterious impact of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin St John Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 9022 East Gates Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Dor V, Di Donato M, Sabatier M, Montiglio F, Civaia F. Left ventricular reconstruction by endoventricular circular patch plasty repair: a 17-year experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 13:435-47. [PMID: 11807739 DOI: 10.1053/stcs.2001.29966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first experience with endoventricular circular patch plasty (EVCPP) was reported in 1984 as a surgical method to rebuild left ventricular (LV) geometry made more spheric after myocardial infarction. The consequence is dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy. In anterior infarction, the free LV wall and septum are scarred and become dyskinetic or akinetic. The fundamental approach excludes the noncontractile (asynergy) and nonresectable regions to restore more normal size and shape. The current experience of our group in 2001, includes 1,011 patients, and confirmation of our results by others, including an international team. The basic components are LV reconstruction, revascularization, and mitral repair (when needed), which form an integrated method of surgical management. Endocardiectomy and cryoablation are used with spontaneous and inducible ventricular arrhythmias. This article reviews these results and summarizes 10 important points concerning the surgical treatment of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy that may provide guidelines for the future. These data indicate EVCPP, and its variations, form the central theme in surgical treatment of congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dor
- Centre Cardiothoracique de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco
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