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Ichimata S, Hata Y, Yoshinaga T, Katoh N, Kametani F, Yazaki M, Sekijima Y, Nishida N. Amyloid-Forming Corpora Amylacea and Spheroid-Type Amyloid Deposition: Comprehensive Analysis Using Immunohistochemistry, Proteomics, and a Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4040. [PMID: 38612850 PMCID: PMC11012059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the similarities and differences between amyloid-forming corpora amylacea (CA) in the prostate and lung, examine the nature of CAs in cystic tumors of the atrioventricular node (CTAVN), and clarify the distinctions between amyloid-forming CA and spheroid-type amyloid deposition. We conducted proteomics analyses using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with laser microdissection and immunohistochemistry to validate the characteristics of CAs in the lung and prostate. Our findings revealed that the CAs in these organs primarily consisted of common proteins (β2-microglobulin and lysozyme) and locally produced proteins. Moreover, we observed a discrepancy between the histopathological and proteomic analysis results in CTAVN-associated CAs. In addition, while the histopathological appearance of the amyloid-forming CAs and spheroid-type amyloid deposits were nearly identical, the latter deposition lacked β2-microglobulin and lysozyme and exhibited evident destruction of the surrounding tissue. A literature review further supported these findings. These results suggest that amyloid-forming CAs in the lung and prostate are formed through a shared mechanism, serving as waste containers (wasteosomes) and/or storage for excess proteins (functional amyloids). In contrast, we hypothesize that while amyloid-forming CA and spheroid-type amyloid deposits are formed, in part, through common mechanisms, the latter are pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Ichimata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Yoshinaga
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Nagaaki Katoh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Masahide Yazaki
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Riba M, Del Valle J, Augé E, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. From corpora amylacea to wasteosomes: History and perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101484. [PMID: 34634491 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CA) have been described in several human organs and have been associated with ageing and several pathological conditions. Although they were first discovered two centuries ago, their function and significance have not yet been identified. Here, we provide a chronological summary of the findings on CA in various organs and identify their similarities. After collecting and integrating these findings, we propose to consider CA as waste containers created by specific cells, which sequester waste products and foreign products, and assemble them within a glycan structure. The containers are then secreted into the external medium or interstitial spaces, in this latter case subsequently being phagocytosed by macrophages. This proposal explains, among others, why CA are so varied in content, why only some of them contain fibrillary amyloid proteins, why all of them contain glycan structures, why some of them contain neo-epitopes and are phagocytosed, and why they can be intracellular or extracellular structures. Lastly, in order to avoid the ambiguity of the term amyloid (which can indicate starch-like structures but also insoluble fibrillary proteins), we propose renaming CA as "wasteosomes", emphasising the waste products they entrap rather than their misleading amyloid properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riba
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Del Valle
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Augé
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Mani H, Wang BG. Corpora amylacea in pleural effusion. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:E231-E233. [PMID: 33347740 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Corpora amylacea are predominantly found in the brain, prostate, and lung. Recent characterizations of their components suggest an important role in protection and clearing. We report the presence of corpora amylacea in pleural effusion in a patient with lupus. The differential diagnoses and potential significance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Mani
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Brant G Wang
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
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Pisa D, Alonso R, Marina AI, Rábano A, Carrasco L. Human and Microbial Proteins From Corpora Amylacea of Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9880. [PMID: 29959356 PMCID: PMC6026157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CA) are spherical bodies mainly composed of polyglucans and, to a lesser extent, proteins. They are abundant in brains from patients with neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Although CA were discovered many years ago, their precise origin and function remain obscure. CA from the insular cortex of two Alzheimer’s patients were purified and the protein composition was assessed by proteomic analysis. A number of microbial proteins were identified and fungal DNA was detected by nested PCR.A wide variety of human proteins form part of CA. In addition, we unequivocally demonstrated several fungal and bacterial proteins in purified CA. In addition to a variety of human proteins, CA also contain fungal and bacterial polypeptides.In conclusion, this paper suggests that the function of CA is to scavenge cellular debris provoked by microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pisa
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM). c/Nicolás Cabrera, 1. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco., 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM). c/Nicolás Cabrera, 1. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco., 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Marina
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM). c/Nicolás Cabrera, 1. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco., 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Department of Neuropathology and Tissue Bank, Unidad de Investigación Proyecto Alzheimer, Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carrasco
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM). c/Nicolás Cabrera, 1. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco., 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Pisa D, Alonso R, Rábano A, Carrasco L. Corpora Amylacea of Brain Tissue from Neurodegenerative Diseases Are Stained with Specific Antifungal Antibodies. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:86. [PMID: 27013948 PMCID: PMC4781869 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin and potential function of corpora amylacea (CA) remains largely unknown. Low numbers of CA are detected in the aging brain of normal individuals but they are abundant in the central nervous system of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we show that CA from patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) contain fungal proteins as detected by immunohistochemistry analyses. Accordingly, CA were labeled with different anti-fungal antibodies at the external surface, whereas the central portion composed of calcium salts contain less proteins. Detection of fungal proteins was achieved using a number of antibodies raised against different fungal species, which indicated cross-reactivity between the fungal proteins present in CA and the antibodies employed. Importantly, these antibodies do not immunoreact with cellular proteins. Additionally, CNS samples from patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) also contained CA that were immunoreactive with a range of antifungal antibodies. However, CA were less abundant in ALS or PD patients as compared to CNS samples from AD. By contrast, CA from brain tissue of control subjects were almost devoid of fungal immunoreactivity. These observations are consistent with the concept that CA associate with fungal infections and may contribute to the elucidation of the origin of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pisa
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Department of Neuropathology and Tissue Bank, Unidad de Investigación Proyecto Alzheimer, Fundación Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Neurologicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carrasco
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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Hechtman JF, Gordon RE, McBride RB, Harpaz N. Corpora amylacea in gastrointestinal leiomyomas: a clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study with comparison to hyaline globules. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:951-5. [PMID: 23833049 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Corpora amylacea (CA) are inclusions with starch-like composition that occur in various conditions. We have observed CA in gastrointestinal leiomyomas (GILM) and hypothesised that they differ from intracytoplasmic hyaline globules (HG) of GILM. We aimed to investigate the anatomical distribution, prevalence, staining characteristics and ultrastructural features of CA and compare them with HG of GILM. DESIGN Slides from a consecutive series of resected GILM and bland spindle cell tumours were examined for CA and HG. Special stains, electron microscopy and elemental analysis were performed on select leiomyomas. RESULTS CA occurred in 13/35 GILM (37%) from the following sites: oesophagus (4/8), stomach (5/7) including one frozen section, small intestine (1/2) and large intestine (3/18), but were not identified in 19 gastrointestinal stromal tumours (12 gastric, 7 small intestinal; p=0.0019), five schwannomas (three gastric, two small intestinal; p=0.154) and 35 non-GILM (p=0.0001). The densities of CA ranged from one per 4-200 mm(2). CA stained intensely with periodic acid Schiff after diastase predigestion (PASD), Alcian blue and ubiquitin, and faintly in peripheral zones for desmin and smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, CA consisted of an electron-dense outer layer and a fibrillar core with scattered particle matter. HG were present in all leiomyomas, but showed variable staining for PASD, negative staining for Alcian blue and ubiquitin, and positive staining for smooth muscle markers. CONCLUSIONS CA are a distinctive histological feature of approximately one third of GILM with different composition to HG. These differences may represent divergent degenerative processes or different stages of a single degenerative process over time.
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