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Barrero JA, Duarte-Zambrano F, Mockus I. The socioeconomic gradient in overweight and obesity among Colombian adult and pediatric populations: A scoping review. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241248307. [PMID: 38651331 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241248307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: The imminent increase in overweight and obesity prevalence constitutes a pervasive concern for the adult and pediatric Colombian population. Nonetheless, the unequal distribution across distinct social groups limits the implementation of public health policies targeting these escalating rates. Aim: This study aimed to compile existing evidence regarding the prevalence of overweight and obesity in relation to the socioeconomic status (SES) of the Colombian population. Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews parameters in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and LILACS databases for inclusion of investigations published up to January 2024. Results: Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were included. A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was documented in adults with lower SES defined by social stratum and monetary income, while in particular for nonpregnant adult women, the prevalence of excess weight was higher in the medium-low socioeconomic stratum. In the pediatric population, higher SES defined by social stratum was directly related to an increased prevalence and risk of overweight and obesity. The ownership of household assets, however, was positively related to the risk of overweight in both adult and pediatric populations. Conclusion: The findings of this investigation disclose a socioeconomic gradient in overweight and obesity in Colombia that resembles the epidemiological distribution in high-income countries for adults, though similar to low-income countries for the pediatric population. Further intersectoral interventions aimed at the most vulnerable groups are imperative to mitigate the inequalities that condition their predisposition to overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Barrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Duarte-Zambrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ismena Mockus
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Obando D, Hill J, Wright N. The Moderating Role of Maternal Praise and Positivity in the Association Between Callous-Unemotional (CU) Traits and Later Aggression: A Prospective Study in Preschool Children in Colombia. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:14-23. [PMID: 35708795 PMCID: PMC10796412 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Our previous findings in the UK and Colombia show that CU traits predict later aggression specifically among children who are already aggressive. We hypothesised that this effect would be reduced in the presence of maternal praise and positivity. In a sample of 220 mothers and children from Colombia, mother-child interactions were coded for maternal praise and positivity, and mothers reported on children's CU traits at age 3.5 and aggression at ages 3.5 and 5 years. The results show three-way interactions between CU traits, child aggression and observed parenting at age 3.5 years in the prediction of later child aggression, and two-way interactions indicating a protective effect of positive parenting in the high aggressive children. Based on our finding, it is plausible that positive parenting may modify the effect of CU traits in the highly vulnerable group of children who are already aggressive in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Obando
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - Jonathan Hill
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Nicola Wright
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Singleton CMH, Brar S, Robertson N, DiTommaso L, Fuchs GJ, Schadler A, Radulescu A, Attia SL. Cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293865. [PMID: 37992076 PMCID: PMC10664905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk factors (impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia) cluster in children, may predict adult disease burden, and are inadequately characterized in South American children. OBJECTIVES To quantify the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children (0-21 years) and identify knowledge gaps. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature via Virtual Health Library from 2000-2021 in any language. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted all data. RESULTS 179 studies of 2,181 screened were included representing 10 countries (n = 2,975,261). 12.2% of South American children experienced obesity, 21.9% elevated waist circumference, 3.0% elevated fasting glucose, 18.1% high triglycerides, 29.6% low HDL cholesterol, and 8.6% high blood pressure. Cardiometabolic risk factor definitions varied widely. Chile exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity/overweight, low HDL, and impaired fasting glucose. Ecuador exhibited the highest prevalence of elevated blood pressure. Rural setting (vs. urban or mixed) and indigenous origin protected against most cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS South American children experience high rates of obesity, overweight, and dyslipidemia. International consensus on cardiometabolic risk factor definitions for children will lead to improved diagnosis of cardiometabolic risk factors in this population, and future research should ensure inclusion of unreported countries and increased representation of indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumeer Brar
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nicole Robertson
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lauren DiTommaso
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - George J. Fuchs
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Aric Schadler
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Aurelia Radulescu
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Suzanna L. Attia
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kentucky, United States of America
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Velasquez A, Parra MF, Mora-Plazas M, Gómez LF, Taillie LS, Dillman Carpentier FR. Food for thought or food for emotions? An analysis of marketing strategies in television food advertising seen by children in Colombia. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2243-2255. [PMID: 37559459 PMCID: PMC10641607 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the relationship between the marketing strategies and nutritional quality of foods and beverages promoted in television food advertisements (TV ads) seen by Colombian child audiences overall and based on child gender and socio-economic strata (SES). DESIGN A quantitative content analysis of marketing appeals was combined with nutritional data of the food products advertised and matched with TV audience ratings data for each food and beverage ads for Colombian children between 4 and 11 years. SETTING All beverages and foods TV ads cable or over-the-air channels in Colombia in 2017. PARTICIPANTS N/A. RESULTS Compared with rational appeals (e.g. freshness, health or nutrition messages), emotional appeals (referencing or depicting human senses or emotions, e.g. using cartoons to suggest fun) were more frequently used in the TV ads most viewed by Colombian children. Female children and children in lower SES tended to be more exposed to emotional appeals in TV ads than their male or higher SES counterparts. Furthermore, TV ads using more emotional appeals tended to be for products high in problematic nutrients. CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight the need to implement statutory measures to reduce the deleterious effect of food marketing on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcides Velasquez
- Communication Studies Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Mercedes Mora-Plazas
- Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center and Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ahmed A, Sattar N, Yaghootkar H. Advancing a causal role of type 2 diabetes and its components in developing macro- and microvascular complications via genetic studies. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14982. [PMID: 36256488 PMCID: PMC9827870 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of diabetes in developing microvascular and macrovascular complications has been subject to extensive research. Despite multiple observational and genetic studies, the causal inference of diabetes (and associated risk factors) on those complications remains incomplete. In this review, we focused on type 2 diabetes, as the major form of diabetes, and investigated the evidence of causality provided by observational and genetic studies. We found that genetic studies based on Mendelian randomization provided consistent evidence of causal inference of type 2 diabetes on macrovascular complications; however, the evidence for causal inference on microvascular complications has been somewhat limited. We also noted high BMI could be causal for several diabetes complications, notable given high BMI is commonly upstream of type 2 diabetes and the recent calls to target weight loss more aggressively. We emphasize the need for further studies to identify type 2 diabetes components that mostly drive the risk of those complications. Even so, the genetic evidence summarized broadly concurs with the need for a multifactorial risk reduction approach in type 2 diabetes, including addressing excess adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altayeb Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational MedicineBrunel University LondonLondonUK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic HealthUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational MedicineBrunel University LondonLondonUK
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Obando D, Hill J, Sharp H, Pickles A, Fisher L, Wright N. Synergy between callous-unemotional traits and aggression in preschool children: Cross-informant and cross-cultural replication in the UK Wirral Child Health and Development Study, and the Colombian La Sabana Parent-Child Study. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1079-1087. [PMID: 33752771 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Incremental prediction of aggression from callous-unemotional (CU) traits is well established, but cross-cultural replication and studies of young children are needed. Little is understood about the contribution of CU traits in children who are already aggressive. We addressed these issues in prospective studies in the United Kingdom and Colombia. In a UK epidemiological cohort, CU traits and aggression were assessed at age 3.5 years, and aggression at 5.0 years by mothers (N = 687) and partners (N = 397). In a Colombian general population sample, CU traits were assessed at age 3.5 years and aggression at 3.5 and 5.0 years by mother report (N = 220). Analyses consistently showed prediction of age-5.0 aggression by age-3.5 CU traits controlling for age-3.5 aggression. Associations between age-3.5 CU traits and age-5.0 aggression were moderated by aggression at 3.5 years, with UK interaction terms, same informant, β = .07 p = .014 cross-informant, β = .14 p = .002, and in Colombia, β = .09 p = .128. The interactions arose from stronger associations between CU traits and later aggression in those already aggressive. Our findings with preschoolers replicated across culturally diverse settings imply a major role for CU traits in the maintenance and amplification of already established aggression, and cast doubt on their contribution to its origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Obando
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - J Hill
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - H Sharp
- School of Psychology, Institute of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Pickles
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - L Fisher
- School of Psychology, Institute of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Wright
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
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Moyo G, Montenegro-Montenegro E, Stickley Z, Egal A, Oldewage-Theron W. A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Examine the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status, Diet Quality and Dyslipidaemia in South African Children and Adolescents, 6-18 Years. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182312825. [PMID: 34886551 PMCID: PMC8657719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study utilised a structural equation model to examine the relationship between diet quality, socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in South African learners. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the indirect effects model for diet, socioeconomic status, diet quality and cardiovascular risk using pre-existing cross-sectional data. The structural equation model was fit using Lavaan version 0.6-5 in R version 3.6.1. Data were analysed from 178 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years, from five rural schools in Cofimvaba, South Africa. Latent variables were created for dietary quality, dyslipidaemia and the socioeconomic status of participants. A negative association was observed between socioeconomic status and dyslipidaemia in school-aged children (p = 0.029).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugulethu Moyo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Zachary Stickley
- Institute for Measurement, Methodology, Analysis & Policy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Abdulkadir Egal
- Centre of Food and Nutrition Security, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia;
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Gamboa-Gamboa T, Fantin R, Cordoba J, Caravaca I, Gómez-Duarte I. Relationship between childhood obesity and socio-economic status among primary school children in Costa Rica. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3825-33. [PMID: 33975662 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021002032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article analyses the relationship between socio-economic status and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the primary school population in Costa Rica. DESIGN A National School Weight/Height Census was disseminated across Costa Rica in 2016. The percentage of children who were overweight or obese was calculated by sex, age and socio-economic indicators (type of institution: private, public, mix; type of geographic location: rural, urban and the level of development of the district of residence: quartiles). A mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model and mixed-effects logistic regression model were used to analyse the association between the prevalence of being overweight or obese and district socio-economic status. SETTING The survey was carried out in public and private primary schools across Costa Rica in 2016. PARTICIPANTS In total, 347 366 students from 6 to 12 years were enrolled in public and private primary schools. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children was 34·0 %. Children in private schools were more likely to be overweight or obese than students in public schools (OR = 1·10 [1·07, 1·13]). Additionally, children were less likely to be overweight or obese if attending a school in a district of the lowest socio-economic quartile compared with the highest socio-economic quartile (OR = 0·79 [0·75, 0·83]) and in a rural area compared with the urban area (OR = 0·92 [0·87, 0·97]). CONCLUSIONS Childhood obesity in Costa Rica continues to be a public health problem. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children was associated with indicators of higher socio-economic status.
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Martinović M, Belojević G, Jakšić M, Kavarić N, Klisić A. CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK AMONG MONTENEGRIN URBAN CHILDREN IN RELATION TO OBESITY AND GENDER. Acta Clin Croat 2021; 60:3-9. [PMID: 34588715 PMCID: PMC8305352 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering previously reported discrepant results in the literature, we aimed to investigate the impact of gender and overweight/obesity on cardiometabolic risk (CMR) among Montenegrin urban children. The cross-sectional study included random sample of 201 schoolchildren aged 7-12 years (64% of boys) from Podgorica. Children's nutritional status was determined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. CMR was assessed using a sum of z values of the following five indicators: glucose, total cholesterol, inverted value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and hypertension. Higher CMR was found among both overweight and obese boys compared to normal weight boys (p<0.001). The effect size of the difference in CMR between overweight and obese girls and normal weight counterparts was less prominent (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index was independent predictor of high CMR [odds ratio (OR)=1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-1.10); p=0.002]. On the contrary, we found no impact of socioeconomic status, physical activity or sedentary time on CMR in the examined cohort of schoolchildren. In conclusion, both overweight and obesity even among young population are related to higher CMR and this effect is more prominent among boys as compared to girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goran Belojević
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro; 2Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; 3Institute for Children's Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Podgorica, Montenegro; 4Primary Health Care Centre, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Marina Jakšić
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro; 2Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; 3Institute for Children's Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Podgorica, Montenegro; 4Primary Health Care Centre, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nebojša Kavarić
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro; 2Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; 3Institute for Children's Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Podgorica, Montenegro; 4Primary Health Care Centre, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Aleksandra Klisić
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro; 2Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; 3Institute for Children's Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Podgorica, Montenegro; 4Primary Health Care Centre, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Serge A, Quiroz Montoya J, Alonso F, Montoro L. Socioeconomic Status, Health and Lifestyle Settings as Psychosocial Risk Factors for Road Crashes in Young People: Assessing the Colombian Case. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18030886. [PMID: 33498569 PMCID: PMC7908603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The social determinants of health influence both psychosocial risks and protective factors, especially in high-demanding contexts, such as the mobility of drivers and non-drivers. Recent evidence suggests that exploring socioeconomic status (SES), health and lifestyle-related factors might contribute to a better understanding of road traffic crashes (RTCs). Thus, the aim of this study was to construct indices for the assessment of crash rates and mobility patterns among young Colombians who live in the central region of the country. The specific objectives were developing SES, health and lifestyle indices, and assessing the self-reported RTCs and mobility features depending on these indices. A sample of 561 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. Through a reduction approach of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), three indices were constructed. Mean and frequency differences were contrasted for the self-reported mobility, crash rates, age, and gender. As a result, SES, health and lifestyle indices explained between 56.3–67.9% of the total variance. Drivers and pedestrians who suffered crashes had higher SES. A healthier lifestyle is associated with cycling, but also with suffering more bike crashes; drivers and those reporting traffic crashes have shown greater psychosocial and lifestyle-related risk factors. Regarding gender differences, men are more likely to engage in road activities, as well as to suffer more RTCs. On the other hand, women present lower healthy lifestyle-related indices and a less active implication in mobility. Protective factors such as a high SES and a healthier lifestyle are associated with RTCs suffered by young Colombian road users. Given the differences found in this regard, a gender perspective for understanding RTCs and mobility is highly suggestible, considering that socio-economic gaps seem to differentially affect mobility and crash-related patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serge
- DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (F.A.); Tel.: +34-61120-2027 (A.S. & F.A.)
| | - Johana Quiroz Montoya
- Dipartimento Scienze Statistiche, Faculty: Ingegneria Dell’informazione, Informatica e Statistica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francisco Alonso
- DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (F.A.); Tel.: +34-61120-2027 (A.S. & F.A.)
| | - Luis Montoro
- FACTHUM.Lab (Human Factor and Road Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Velasquez A, Mora-Plazas M, Gómez LF, Taillie LS, Dillman Carpentier FR. Extent and nutritional quality of foods and beverages to which children are exposed in Colombian TV food advertising. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1-11. [PMID: 33234185 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine children's exposure to food and beverage advertising across a year of Colombian television based on whether products exceed Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO)-defined nutrient thresholds. DESIGN Nutritional information was obtained for all foods and beverages advertised and used to categorise each product according to the product category (e.g. beverage, snack food) and nutritional quality based on the PAHO model for identifying products in excess of free sugars, Na or saturated fat or containing non-caloric sweeteners or trans-fat. Television audience ratings data were used to derive the average child audience (unique child viewers) per ad and the number of times ads were seen by children in a single week (weekly impressions) based on product category and nutritional quality. SETTING All food and beverage ads on cable and over-the-air TV in Colombia in 2017. PARTICIPANTS N/A. RESULTS Of all instances of TV ads, 89·3 % were of unhealthy products. A larger proportion of male and female children, as well as children from low (88·01 %), mid (89·10 %) and high (89·10 %) socio-economic status, are exposed to advertising of unhealthy products, but no significant difference was found between these proportions. CONCLUSION The majority of foods and beverages advertised to Colombian children are unhealthy. These findings highlight a need to implement statutory measures to reduce children's exposure to unhealthy food advertising in Colombia, as obesity and overweight have been increasing among school-age children in Colombia, and exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods is a known contributor to children's food intake and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Mora-Plazas
- Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Lindsey S Taillie
- Carolina Population Center and Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Vard B, Adham A, Riahi R, Karimi G, Esmail Motlagh M, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of early life factors with dyslipidemia in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study. Health Promot Perspect 2020; 10:349-358. [PMID: 33312930 PMCID: PMC7722995 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal/infancy factors and lipid profile in children and adolescents. Methods: This multicentric national study was conducted in 30 provinces in Iran. It comprised 4200 participants, aged 7-18 years, from the fifth survey of a national surveillance program. History regarding birth weight, as well as the type of consumed milk and food during infancy was obtained from parents. In addition to physical examinations, fasting blood samples were obtained to assess the lipid profile of these students. Results: Data from 3844 participants were available (91.5% participation rate), 52.4 % of students were boys. Mean (SD) age of participants was 12.3(3.2) years. Consuming cow milk in the first two years significantly increased the risk of high triglycerides (TG) (odds ratio [OR]:2.77, 95% CI: 1.32-5.85, P: 0.01), elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<0.05) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P <0.05). Students who had consumed commercially made food as complementary feeding were 93% more likely to have high LDL (OR: 1.93, 95% CI=1.19-3.13, P: 0.01) and 90% more likely to have high TG than students who had consumed homemade food (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.15-3.12, P: 0.01). The aforementioned figures were not significantly associated with an elevated total cholesterol (TC) level. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the history of using human milk and home-made food as complementary feeding was associated with better lipid profile in childhood and early adolescence. Increasing public knowledge in this regard might be useful for encouragement of healthier life prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vard
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arefeh Adham
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Riahi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golgis Karimi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Fritz J, Lopez-Ridaura R, Choudhry S, Razo C, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. The association of Native American genetic ancestry and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: A representative study of a highly admixed population. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23426. [PMID: 32329554 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hispanic populations typically show a high prevalence of dyslipidemias, especially of low high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) or HDL cholesterol. Highly admixed populations are ideal groups to clarify the role of genetic ancestry on HDL concentrations, isolating it from that of other factors. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between Native American genetic ancestry and HDL-cholesterol levels independent of socioeconomic factors in a representative sample of the Mexican population. METHODS We used data from the Mexican National Health Survey 2000, analyzing 1647 subjects from whom stored DNA samples and HDL measurements were available. To estimate proportional genetic ancestry (Native American, African, and European), we used a 107 genetic ancestry informative marker panel with the software STRUCTURE. To estimate the association between genetic ancestry and low HDL levels, we fitted logistic regression models with the percentage of Native American genetic ancestry, in quartiles, as the main predictor. RESULTS Mean HDL levels were 38.9 mg/dL, with 62% of subjects having levels below 40 mg/dL. Participants had on average 53.6% Native American, 39% European, and 7.3% African genetic ancestry. Those in the fourth quartile of Native American genetic ancestry had 35% higher odds of having low HDL-cholesterol relative to those in the first quartile (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.81) after adjustment for socioeconomic level and other covariates, although the association is clearly nonlinear. CONCLUSION Native American genetic ancestry seems to play a small but distinct role in the development of low HDL cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Fritz
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ruy Lopez-Ridaura
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Shweta Choudhry
- Human Genetics at Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christian Razo
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Nam JH, Shin J, Jang SI, Kim JH, Han KT, Lee JK, Lim YJ, Park EC. Associations between lipid profiles of adolescents and their mothers based on a nationwide health and nutrition survey in South Korea. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024731. [PMID: 30898813 PMCID: PMC6475165 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dyslipidaemia is a metabolic disease influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Especially, family history related to genetic background is a strong risk factor of lipid abnormality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the lipid profiles of adolescents and their mothers. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING The data were derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (IV-VI) between 2009 and 2015. PARTICIPANTS 2884 adolescents aged 12-18 years and their mothers were included. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome variables were adolescents' lipid levels. Mothers' lipid levels were the interesting variables. The lipid profiles included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We identified partial correlation coefficients (r) between the lipids. Multiple linear regressions were performed to identify the amount of change in adolescents' lipid levels for each unit increase of their mothers' lipids. The regression models included various clinical characteristics and health behavioural factors of both adolescents and mothers. RESULTS The mean levels of adolescents' lipids were 156.6, 83.6, 50.4 and 89.4 mg/dL, respectively for TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. Positive correlations between lipid levels of adolescents and mothers were observed for TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C (r, 95% CI: 0.271, 0.236 to 0.304; 0.204, 0.169 to 0.239; 0.289, 0.255 to 0.322; and 0.286, 0.252 to 0.319). The adolescent TC level was increased by 0.23 mg/dL for each unit increase of the mother's TC (SE, 0.02; p<0.001). The beta coefficients were 0.16 (SE, 0.01), 0.24 (SE, 0.02) and 0.24 (SE, 0.02), respectively, in each model of TG, HDL-C and LDL-C (all p<0.001). The linear relationships were significant regardless of sex and mother's characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Mothers' lipid levels are associated with adolescents' lipids; therefore, they can serve as a reference for the screening of adolescent's dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyung Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyu-Tae Han
- Division of Cancer Management Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jun Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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Madewell ZJ, Blanco E, Burrows R, Lozoff B, Gahagan S. Changes in socio-economic status and lipoproteins in Chilean adolescents: a 16-year longitudinal study. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:344-53. [PMID: 30472968 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018003087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present longitudinal study assessed whether changes in socio-economic status (SES) from infancy to adolescence were associated with plasma lipoprotein concentrations in adolescence, of which low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations are associated with higher cardiovascular risk. DESIGN SES, assessed using the modified Graffar Index, was calculated at 1, 5, 10 and 16 years. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation extracted two orthogonal SES factors, termed 'environmental capital' and 'social capital'. Generalized linear models were used to analyse associations between environmental and social capital at 1 and 16 years and outcomes (HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG, TC) at 16 years, as well as changes in environmental and social capital from 1-5, 5-10, 10-16 and 1-16 years, and outcomes at 16 years. SETTING Santiago, Chile.ParticipantsWe evaluated 665 participants from the Santiago Longitudinal Study enrolled at infancy in Fe-deficiency anaemia studies and examined every 5 years to age 16 years. RESULTS Social capital in infancy was associated with higher HDL-C in adolescence. Environmental capital in adolescence was associated with higher LDL-C and TC during adolescence. Changing environmental capital from 1-16 years was associated with higher LDL-C. Changing environmental capital from 1-5 and 1-16 years was associated with higher TC. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in environmental capital throughout childhood were associated with less healthy LDL-C and TC concentrations in adolescence. We found no evidence of associations between changing environmental capital and HDL-C or TAG, or changing social capital and HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG or TC.
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Abstract
Background: Obesity is believed to be the major cause of insulin resistance, although many other obesity-independent signals are shown to affect insulin sensitivity.Aim: We address the degree to which variation in insulin resistance is explained by morphometric and biochemical measures of obesity.Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for epidemiological studies published between 1994 and 2015 that report correlations between at least one measure of obesity and that of insulin resistance.Results: A total of 63 studies satisfied inclusion criteria. Frequency distribution of coefficients of determination between morphometric measures of obesity and insulin resistance was skewed with the mode being less than 10%, class and median being 17.3%. Plasma leptin concentration, but not plasma non-esterified fatty acid level, was better correlated with insulin resistance, the median variance explained being 33.29%. Morphometric measures alone had a median variance explained of 16%. Ethnicity explained part of the variance across studies with the correlation being significantly poorer in Asians.Conclusion: The extremely limited predictive power of morphometric and biochemical measures of obesity suggests that more research needs to focus on the obesity-independent signals that affect insulin sensitivity as well as leptin expression.
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Chung S, Hodges EK, Ruzicka DL, Hoban TF, Garetz SL, Guire KE, Felt BT, Dillon JE, Chervin RD, Giordani B. Improved behavior after adenotonsillectomy in children with higher and lower IQ. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 80:21-5. [PMID: 26746606 PMCID: PMC4706995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether high intellectual ability, in comparison to average or lower performance, reflects the consequences of sleep-disordered breathing and limits behavioral benefit observed 6 months after adenotonsillectomy. METHODS Children aged 3-12 years (n=147) recruited from otolaryngology practices at two hospitals and assessed with Conners' Parent Rating Scales and an age range-appropriate intellectual measure, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale at baseline and 6 months after clinically-indicated adenotonsillectomy. Subjects were classified as having high (IQ≥110), average (90≤IQ<110), or low (IQ<90) cognitive ability. RESULTS After adenotonsillectomy, improvements in Conners' internalizing, externalizing, hyperactivity, and cognitive domains were observed across IQ groups (main effects for time, all p<0.01 or better), with no evidence for differential improvements among the groups (no significant time by IQ group interactions). The magnitude of behavioral improvement among children with high IQ resembled that observed among the other two groups. Changes in the Conners' domains were not significantly correlated with baseline IQ, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index z-score, or respiratory disturbance index. CONCLUSION Behavioral function can improve after adenotonsillectomy even among children with relatively high intellectual ability at baseline. Diagnosis and treatment with expectation of neurobehavioral benefit should be considered among high-performing children as readily as it is more traditionally among their lower-performing peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seockhoon Chung
- Sleep Disorders Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Elise K. Hodges
- Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deborah L. Ruzicka
- Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy F. Hoban
- Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan L. Garetz
- Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Guire
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Barbara T. Felt
- Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Division of Child Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James E. Dillon
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI, USA
| | - Ronald D. Chervin
- Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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