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Empirically derived dietary-lifestyle patterns and cardiometabolic health in young men: a review. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:324-330. [PMID: 32338244 DOI: 10.1017/s002966512000693x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sex and gender are important factors that impact cardiometabolic traits. Men have lower life expectancy and higher prevalence of fatal chronic conditions at younger age. Lifestyle risk profiles in young men have been rarely studied in the context of cardiometabolic health. This review aimed to summarise the evidence regarding the patterns of dietary-lifestyle behaviours in a population of young men (age <40years) and their associations with cardiometabolic health. Overall, unfavourable clusters of health behaviours are more prominent in men, when compared to women and more prevalent in younger adults, when compared to older age groups. Early signs of cardiometabolic health abnormalities have been reported among men with higher adherence to patterns which consistently shared poor dietary habits as a common denominator, combined with stimulant use, inadequate sleep or insufficient physical activity. In the majority of studies, dietary assessment was limited to the investigation of one or two behaviours, most frequently fruit and vegetable intake. Since young men may engage in a mixture of explicit behaviours, the examination of a singular dietary habit may not represent the overall diet quality. To conclude, the data regarding the synergistic effects of a broad spectrum of dietary and lifestyle behaviours in the context of cardiometabolic health remain scarce in this population. The inclusion of a broader range of dietary and lifestyle variables into the multicomponent pattern analysis might have a greater potential in explaining the association with cardiometabolic health. Defining behavioural clusters can help to develop interventions, tailored to the specific needs of the targeted group.
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Scott S, Beyer F, Parkinson K, Muir C, Graye A, Kaner E, Stead M, Power C, Fitzgerald N, Bradley J, Wrieden W, Adamson A. Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Eating and Risky Drinking in Young Adults Aged 18⁻25 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1538. [PMID: 30340361 PMCID: PMC6213108 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use peaks in early adulthood and can contribute both directly and indirectly to unhealthy weight gain. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of preventative targeted interventions focused on reducing unhealthy eating behavior and linked alcohol use in 18⁻25-year-olds. Twelve electronic databases were searched from inception to June 2018 for trials or experimental studies, of any duration or follow-up. Eight studies (seven with student populations) met the inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates demonstrated inconclusive evidence that receiving an intervention resulted in changes to self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption (mean change/daily servings: 0.33; 95% CI -0.22 to 0.87) and alcohol consumption (mean reduction of 0.6 units/week; CI -1.35 to 0.19). There was also little difference in the number of binge drinking episodes per week between intervention and control groups (-0.01 sessions; CI -0.07 to 0.04). This review identified only a small number of relevant studies. Importantly, included studies did not assess whether (and how) unhealthy eating behaviors and alcohol use link together. Further exploratory work is needed to inform the development of appropriate interventions, with outcome measures that have the capacity to link food and alcohol consumption, in order to establish behavior change in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Scott
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK.
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) Public Health Research Centre of Excellence, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Fiona Beyer
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Kathryn Parkinson
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Cassey Muir
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Alice Graye
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) Public Health Research Centre of Excellence, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Martine Stead
- Institute for Social Marketing (ISM), Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing (ISM), Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Jen Bradley
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Wendy Wrieden
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) Public Health Research Centre of Excellence, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Ashley Adamson
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) Public Health Research Centre of Excellence, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
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Cooke R, Jones A. Recruiting adult participants to physical activity intervention studies using sport: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3:e000231. [PMID: 28761714 PMCID: PMC5530105 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic review of the effectiveness of recruitment mechanisms for engaging and retaining target participants in sports interventions to promote physical activity behaviour change in adults. DESIGN A narrative systematic review of published studies providing details of the effectiveness of recruitment techniques used in interventions aimed at increasing physical activity via sport in adults. DATA SOURCES Searches were conducted using five electronic databases, clinical trial registers, grey literature and snowballing from reference lists. All papers published in the English language were considered. The search was completed in November 2015. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA All articles providing information on the recruitment of adults into interventions involving sport and reporting physical activity or participation outcomes were included. RESULTS Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of recruitment reporting across included studies was generally classified as poor, lacking detailed descriptions of recruitment processes and providing insufficient reporting of recruitment outcomes. There was a distinct recruitment bias for more affluent, white, middle-aged women. Active-only recruitment techniques appeared to achieve a participant sample with more representative demographic characteristics than passive approaches. CONCLUSIONS Due to inadequate reporting and evaluation, the mechanisms for achieving effective recruitment and engagement in sport, particularly in hard-to-reach groups, are still unclear. Independent of recruitment mode, creating an intervention and context that reflect the interests and motivations of the target audience presents a promising area. There is an urgent need for more robust evaluation design and reporting of sports interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cooke
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andy Jones
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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The challenge and impact of engaging hard-to-reach populations in regular physical activity and health behaviours: an examination of an English Premier League ‘Football in the Community’ men's health programme. Public Health 2016; 135:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gavarkovs AG, Burke SM, Petrella RJ. Engaging Men in Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Programs: A Scoping Review. Am J Mens Health 2015; 10:NP145-NP154. [PMID: 26130731 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315587549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic disease has become one of the largest health burdens facing the developed world. Men are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with chronic disease than women. Although lifestyle interventions have been shown to reduce the risk of chronic disease in participants, men are often underrepresented in such programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the individual-level and program-specific factors that affect male participation rates in chronic disease prevention and management (CDPM) programs. A scoping review methodology was selected, and 25 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Results showed that traditional group-based programs that focused on topics such as nutrition and physical activity were often seen by men as inherently feminine, which served as a barrier for participation. Program-specific factors that attracted men to participate in interventions included a group component with like-minded men, the use of humor in the delivery of health information, the inclusion of both nutrition and physical activity components, and the presence of some manner of competition. A past negative health event, personal concern for health status, and motivation to improve physical appearance were cited by men as facilitators to CDPM program participation. Gaps in the research are identified, and results of this study can be used to inform the development of CDPM programs that will improve the engagement and participation of men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J Petrella
- Western University, London, Ontario, Canada Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Pringle A, Zwolinsky S, McKenna J, Robertson S, Daly-Smith A, White A. Health improvement for men and hard-to-engage-men delivered in English Premier League football clubs. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2014; 29:503-520. [PMID: 24659420 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyu009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy behaviours represent modifiable causes of non-communicable disease. In men, concern focuses on those (i) demonstrating the poorest health, exacerbated by a lack of awareness of the risks that their lifestyles pose and (ii) who neither consult their doctor nor use health services. Classed as 'hard-to-engage', distinctive strategies are needed to reach these men. Impact and process evaluations assessed the effect of a programme of men's health-delivered in/by English Premier League football clubs. Men attended match-day events and/or weekly classes involving physical activity and health education. Validated self-report measures for demographics and lifestyle behaviours were completed pre- and post-intervention. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed on pre-versus-post-intervention differences in lifestyle profiles, whereas interviews (n = 57) provided men's accounts of programme experience. Participants were predominantly white British (70.4%/n = 2669), 18-44 (80.2%/n = 3032) and employed (60.7%/n = 1907). One-third (n = 860) 'never' visited their doctor. Over 85% (n = 1428) presented with combinations of lifestyle risk factors. Intention-to-treat analysis showed improvements (P < 0.001) in lifestyle profiles. Interviews confirmed recruitment of men who were hard-to-engage and unhealthy. Men were attracted through football and/or the clubs, whereas specific design factors impacted on participation. Limitations include use of self-reports, narrow demographics, small effect sizes, lack of follow-up and the absence of non-completers in interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Pringle
- Centre for Active Lifestyles, Institute of Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS6 3QS, UK and Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS1 3EE, UK
| | - Stephen Zwolinsky
- Centre for Active Lifestyles, Institute of Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS6 3QS, UK and Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS1 3EE, UK
| | - James McKenna
- Centre for Active Lifestyles, Institute of Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS6 3QS, UK and Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS1 3EE, UK
| | - Steven Robertson
- Centre for Active Lifestyles, Institute of Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS6 3QS, UK and Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS1 3EE, UK
| | - Andy Daly-Smith
- Centre for Active Lifestyles, Institute of Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS6 3QS, UK and Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS1 3EE, UK
| | - Alan White
- Centre for Active Lifestyles, Institute of Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS6 3QS, UK and Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds LS1 3EE, UK
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Delivering men's health interventions in English Premier League football clubs: key design characteristics. Public Health 2013; 127:716-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gray CM, Hunt K, Mutrie N, Anderson AS, Leishman J, Dalgarno L, Wyke S. Football Fans in Training: the development and optimization of an intervention delivered through professional sports clubs to help men lose weight, become more active and adopt healthier eating habits. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:232. [PMID: 23496915 PMCID: PMC3621078 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity in men is rising, but they are less likely than women to engage in existing weight management programmes. The potential of professional sports club settings to engage men in health promotion activities is being increasingly recognised. This paper describes the development and optimization of the Football Fans in Training (FFIT) programme, which aims to help overweight men (many of them football supporters) lose weight through becoming more active and adopting healthier eating habits. Methods The MRC Framework for the design and evaluation of complex interventions was used to guide programme development in two phases. In Phase 1, a multidisciplinary working group developed the pilot programme (p-FFIT) and used a scoping review to summarize previous research and identify the target population. Phase 2 involved a process evaluation of p-FFIT in 11 Scottish Premier League (SPL) clubs. Participant and coach feedback, focus group discussions and interviews explored the utility/acceptability of programme components and suggestions for changes. Programme session observations identified examples of good practice and problems/issues with delivery. Together, these findings informed redevelopment of the optimized programme (FFIT), whose components were mapped onto specific behaviour change techniques using an evidence-based taxonomy. Results p-FFIT comprised 12, weekly, gender-sensitised, group-based weight management classroom and ‘pitch-side’ physical activity sessions. These in-stadia sessions were complemented by an incremental, pedometer-based walking programme. p-FFIT was targeted at men aged 35-65 years with body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2. Phase 2 demonstrated that participants in p-FFIT were enthusiastic about both the classroom and physical activity components, and valued the camaraderie and peer-support offered by the programme. Coaches appreciated the simplicity of the key healthy eating and physical activity messages. Suggestions for improvements that were incorporated into the optimized FFIT programme included: more varied in-stadia physical activity with football-related components; post-programme weight management support (emails and a reunion session); and additional training for coaches in SMART goal setting and the pedometer-based walking programme. Conclusions The Football Fans in Training programme is highly acceptable to participants and SPL coaches, and is appropriate for evaluation in a randomised controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Gray
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, 27 Bute Gardens, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RS, UK.
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Pringle A, Zwolinsky S, McKenna J, Daly-Smith A, Robertson S, White A. Effect of a national programme of men's health delivered in English Premier League football clubs. Public Health 2013; 127:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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