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Wang P, Miller KK, He E, Dhawan SS, Cunningham CL, Grillet N. LOXHD1 is indispensable for maintaining TMC1 auditory mechanosensitive channels at the site of force transmission. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7865. [PMID: 39256406 PMCID: PMC11387651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair cell bundles consist of stereocilia arranged in rows of increasing heights, connected by tip links that transmit sound-induced forces to shorter stereocilia tips. Auditory mechanotransduction channel complexes, composed of proteins TMC1/2, TMIE, CIB2, and LHFPL5, are located at the tips of shorter stereocilia. While most components can interact with the tip link in vitro, their ability to maintain the channel complexes at the tip link in vivo is uncertain. Return, using mouse models, we show that an additional component, LOXHD1, is essential for keeping TMC1-pore forming subunits at the tip link but is dispensable for TMC2. Using SUB-immunogold-SEM, we showed that TMC1 localizes near the tip link but mislocalizes without LOXHD1. LOXHD1 selectively interacts with TMC1, CIB2, LHFPL5, and tip-link protein PCDH15. Our results demonstrate that TMC1-driven mature auditory channels require LOXHD1 to stay connected to the tip link and remain functional, while TMC2-driven developmental channels do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katharine K Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Enqi He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siddhant S Dhawan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher L Cunningham
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Choe G, Lim JW, Chun YJ, Han JH, Kim BJ, Choi BY. Clinical characteristics and hearing loss etiology of cochlear implantees undergoing surgery in their teens, 20s, and 30s. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08737-3. [PMID: 38802577 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the etiology of hearing loss, including genetic variants, in individuals who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) in their teens to thirties. It also sought to analyze post-CI speech performance and identify prognostic factors affecting CI outcomes in this age group. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 421 cochlear implant patients at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, focusing on 63 subjects aged 10-39 years who underwent their first CI by a single surgeon between July 2018 and June 2022. The study included audiologic evaluation, molecular genetic testing, and analysis of speech performance post-CI. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25 and GraphPad Prism 7. RESULTS Among 63 participants (M:F, 24:39), nine underwent CI in their teens, 24 in their 20 s, and 30 in their 30 s. Most of them (40, 63.5%) had postlingual deafness. The study found that 65.2% (40/63) of subjects received a genetic diagnosis, with DFNB4 being the most common etiology (37.5%, 15/40). Post-CI speech evaluation showed an average sentence score of 80% across all subjects. Factors such as the onset of hearing loss, duration of deafness (DoD), and preoperative Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) significantly influenced CI outcomes. Notably, longer DoD was associated with poorer CI outcomes, but this did not affect individuals with postlingual hearing loss as much. CONCLUSION The study concludes that in individuals aged 10-39 undergoing CI, the onset of hearing loss and preoperative SIR are critical predictors of postoperative outcomes. CI is recommended for those with postlingual hearing loss in this age group, irrespective of the DoD. The study highlights the importance of genetic factors especially DFNB4 in hearing loss etiology and underscores the value of the relatively easy-to-evaluate factor, preoperative SIR in predicting CI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goun Choe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jun Chun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jik Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang WQ, Gao X, Huang SS, Kang DY, Xu JC, Yang K, Han MY, Zhang X, Yang SY, Yuan YY, Dai P. Genetic Analysis of the LOXHD1 Gene in Chinese Patients With Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss. Front Genet 2022; 13:825082. [PMID: 35711932 PMCID: PMC9196635 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is a common neurosensory disease with an extreme genetic heterogeneity which has been linked to variants in over 120 genes. The LOXHD1 gene (DFNB77), encoding lipoxygenase homology domain 1, is a rare hearing loss gene found in several populations. To evaluate the importance of LOXHD1 variants in Chinese patients with NSHL, we performed genetic analysis on LOXHD1 in 2,901 sporadic Chinese patients to identify the aspect and frequency of LOXHD1 causative variants. Next-generation sequencing using a custom gene panel of HL was conducted on 2,641 unrelated patients and whole-exome sequencing on the remaining 260 patients. A total of 33 likely causative variants were identified in 21 patients, including 20 novel variants and 13 previously reported pathogenic variants. Each of the 20 novel variants was evaluated according to ACMG criteria. These findings showed that causative variants in LOXHD1 were found in about 0.72% (21/2,901) of Chinese NSHL patients. This study is by far the largest number of novel variants identified in this gene expanding the range of pathogenic variants in LOXHD1, and suggests that variants in this gene occur relatively commonly in Chinese NSHL patients. This extensive investigation of LOXHD1 in Chinese NSHL patients proposed six recurrent LOXHD1 variants. These findings may assist in both molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
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Lin JH, Wu H, Zou WB, Masson E, Fichou Y, Le Gac G, Cooper DN, Férec C, Liao Z, Chen JM. Splicing Outcomes of 5' Splice Site GT>GC Variants That Generate Wild-Type Transcripts Differ Significantly Between Full-Length and Minigene Splicing Assays. Front Genet 2021; 12:701652. [PMID: 34422003 PMCID: PMC8375439 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.701652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining data derived from a meta-analysis of human disease-associated 5' splice site GT>GC (i.e., +2T>C) variants and a cell culture-based full-length gene splicing assay (FLGSA) of forward engineered +2T>C substitutions, we recently estimated that ∼15-18% of +2T>C variants can generate up to 84% wild-type transcripts relative to their wild-type counterparts. Herein, we analyzed the splicing outcomes of 20 +2T>C variants that generate some wild-type transcripts in two minigene assays. We found a high discordance rate in terms of the generation of wild-type transcripts, not only between FLGSA and the minigene assays but also between the different minigene assays. In the pET01 context, all 20 wild-type minigene constructs generated the expected wild-type transcripts; of the 20 corresponding variant minigene constructs, 14 (70%) generated wild-type transcripts. In the pSPL3 context, only 18 of the 20 wild-type minigene constructs generated the expected wild-type transcripts whereas 8 of the 18 (44%) corresponding variant minigene constructs generated wild-type transcripts. Thus, in the context of a particular type of variant, we raise awareness of the limitations of minigene splicing assays and emphasize the importance of sequence context in regulating splicing. Whether or not our findings apply to other types of splice-altering variant remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Huan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Emmanuelle Masson
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yann Fichou
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Gerald Le Gac
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU Brest, Brest, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Claude Férec
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Zhuan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
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