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Vieira IA, Pezzi EH, Bandeira IC, Reis LB, de Araújo Rocha YM, Fernandes BV, Siebert M, Miyamoto KN, Siqueira MB, Achatz MI, Galvão HDCR, Garcia FADO, Campacci N, Carraro DM, Formiga MN, Vianna FSL, Palmero EI, Macedo GS, Ashton-Prolla P. Functional pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 and KRAS 3'UTR rs61764370 SNPs: Novel phenotype modifiers in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome? Gene 2024; 898:148069. [PMID: 38070788 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a rare cancer predisposing condition caused by germline pathogenic TP53 variants, in which core tumors comprise sarcomas, breast, brain and adrenocortical neoplasms. Clinical manifestations are highly variable in carriers of the Brazilian germline founder variant TP53 p.R337H, possibly due to the influence of modifier genes such as miRNA genes involved in the regulation of the p53 pathway. Herein, we investigated the potential phenotypic effects of two miRNA-related functional SNPs, pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 and 3'UTR KRAS rs61764370, in a cohort of 273 LFS patients from Southern and Southeastern Brazil. METHODS The genotyping of selected SNPs was performed by TaqMan® allelic discrimination and subsequently custom TaqMan® genotyping results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in all SNP-positive LFS patients. RESULTS Although the KRAS SNP showed no effect as a phenotype modulator, the rs4938723 CC genotype was significantly associated with development of LFS non-core tumors (first tumor diagnosis) in p.R337H carriers (p = 0.039). Non-core tumors were also more frequently diagnosed in carriers of germline TP53 DNA binding domain variants harboring the rs4938723 C variant allele. Previous studies described pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 C as a risk allele for sporadic occurrence of thyroid and prostate cancers (non-core tumors of the LFS spectrum). CONCLUSION With this study, we presented additional evidence about the importance of analyzing miRNA genes that could indirectly regulate p53 expression, and, therefore, may modulate the LFS phenotype, such as those of the miR-34 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Araujo Vieira
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Health School, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo 93022-750, Brazil.
| | - Eduarda Heidrich Pezzi
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Brussa Reis
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Yasminne Marinho de Araújo Rocha
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vieira Fernandes
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Banik Siqueira
- Health School, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo 93022-750, Brazil
| | - Maria I Achatz
- Centro de Oncologia, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natalia Campacci
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil; Genomic Medicine Service from Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Edenir Inez Palmero
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Macedo
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital Moinhos de Vento (HMV), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Subasri V, Light N, Kanwar N, Brzezinski J, Luo P, Hansford JR, Cairney E, Portwine C, Elser C, Finlay JL, Nichols KE, Alon N, Brunga L, Anson J, Kohlmann W, de Andrade KC, Khincha PP, Savage SA, Schiffman JD, Weksberg R, Pugh TJ, Villani A, Shlien A, Goldenberg A, Malkin D. Multiple Germline Events Contribute to Cancer Development in Patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:738-754. [PMID: 37377903 PMCID: PMC10150777 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant cancer-predisposition disorder. Approximately 70% of individuals who fit the clinical definition of LFS harbor a pathogenic germline variant in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. However, the remaining 30% of patients lack a TP53 variant and even among variant TP53 carriers, approximately 20% remain cancer-free. Understanding the variable cancer penetrance and phenotypic variability in LFS is critical to developing rational approaches to accurate, early tumor detection and risk-reduction strategies. We leveraged family-based whole-genome sequencing and DNA methylation to evaluate the germline genomes of a large, multi-institutional cohort of patients with LFS (n = 396) with variant (n = 374) or wildtype TP53 (n = 22). We identified alternative cancer-associated genetic aberrations in 8/14 wildtype TP53 carriers who developed cancer. Among variant TP53 carriers, 19/49 who developed cancer harbored a pathogenic variant in another cancer gene. Modifier variants in the WNT signaling pathway were associated with decreased cancer incidence. Furthermore, we leveraged the noncoding genome and methylome to identify inherited epimutations in genes including ASXL1, ETV6, and LEF1 that confer increased cancer risk. Using these epimutations, we built a machine learning model that can predict cancer risk in patients with LFS with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.725 (0.633-0.810). Significance Our study clarifies the genomic basis for the phenotypic variability in LFS and highlights the immense benefits of expanding genetic and epigenetic testing of patients with LFS beyond TP53. More broadly, it necessitates the dissociation of hereditary cancer syndromes as single gene disorders and emphasizes the importance of understanding these diseases in a holistic manner as opposed to through the lens of a single gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallijah Subasri
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Light
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nisha Kanwar
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack Brzezinski
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Luo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan R. Hansford
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Michael Rice Cancer Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australia Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Cairney
- Department of Paediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Elser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan L. Finlay
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Noa Alon
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ledia Brunga
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jo Anson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Wendy Kohlmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kelvin C. de Andrade
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Payal P. Khincha
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon A. Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua D. Schiffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- PEEL Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J. Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CIFAR: Child and Brain Development, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Patil MR, Bihari A. A comprehensive study of p53 protein. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1891-1937. [PMID: 36183376 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The protein p53 has been extensively investigated since it was found 43 years ago and has become a "guardian of the genome" that regulates the division of cells by preventing the growth of cells and dividing them, that is, inhibits the development of tumors. Initial proof of protein existence by researchers in the mid-1970s was found by altering and regulating the SV40 big T antigen termed the A protein. Researchers demonstrated how viruses play a role in cancer by employing viruses' ability to create T-antigens complex with viral tumors, which was discovered in 1979 following a viral analysis and cancer analog research. Researchers later in the year 1989 explained that in Murine Friend, a virus-caused erythroleukemia, commonly found that p53 was inactivated to suggest that p53 could be a "tumor suppressor gene." The TP53 gene, encoding p53, is one of human cancer's most frequently altered genes. The protein-regulated biological functions of all p53s include cell cycles, apoptosis, senescence, metabolism of the DNA, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and immunological response. We tried to unfold the history of the p53 protein, which was discovered long back in 1979, that is, 43 years of research on p53, and how p53's function has been developed through time in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha R Patil
- Department of Computer-Applications, School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Bihari
- Department of Computational Intelligence, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li–Fraumeni Syndrome: Mutation of TP53 Is a Biomarker of Hereditary Predisposition to Tumor: New Insights and Advances in the Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153664. [PMID: 35954327 PMCID: PMC9367397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Li–Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a rare tumor predisposition syndrome in which the tumor suppressor TP53 gene is mutated in the germ cell population. LFS patients develop a broad spectrum of cancers in their lifetime. The risk to develop these tumors is not decreased by any type of treatment and if the analysis of the TP53 mutational status in the family members was not possible, tumors are often diagnosed in already advanced stages. This review aims to report the evidence for novel mechanisms of tumor onset related to germline TP53 mutations and possible treatments. Abstract Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare familial tumor predisposition syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance, involving germline mutations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. The most frequent tumors that arise in patients under the age of 45 are osteosarcomas, soft-tissue sarcomas, breast tumors in young women, leukemias/lymphomas, brain tumors, and tumors of the adrenal cortex. To date, no other gene mutations have been associated with LFS. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by genetic testing for the identification of TP53 mutations; therefore, these mutations are considered the biomarkers associated with the tumor spectrum of LFS. Here, we aim to review novel molecular mechanisms involved in the oncogenic functions of mutant p53 in LFS and to discuss recent new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches exploiting TP53 mutations as biomarkers and druggable targets.
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Jiang H, Yan B, Meng Z, Zhang L, Lei H, Luo J. The MDM2 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism T309G Is Associated With the Development of Epimacular Membranes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841660. [PMID: 35359434 PMCID: PMC8963840 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the role of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T309G in the development of epimacular membranes (EMMs) by analyzing the genotype distribution and consistency of the polymorphism in paired membrane-blood samples. Methods: This was a cross–sectional genetic association study of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) or EMMs. PVR membranes (PVRMs), internal limiting membranes (ILMs) (PVR-ILMs) and blood samples (PVR-blood) from patients with PVR, and EMMs, EMM-ILMs and EMM-blood from patients with EMMs were collected. The genotype of all samples was determined by Sanger sequencing. Sex composition, mean age, the genotype distribution of MDM2 T309G, the allelic frequency of the MDM2 SNP309 G allele (% G) and the somatic mutation rate at the MDM2 T309G locus (% M) were analyzed and compared. The PVR and healthy Chinese donor groups were used as controls for different comparisons. Results: The EMM group of 62 patients was older than the PVR group of 61 patients by an average of 8.87 years (p < 0.0001), but the two groups were statistically similar in the sex composition (p = 0.1754). Importantly, G allele carriers were at a higher risk of developing EMMs than non-G allele carriers (p = 0.0479; OR = 2.047). Moreover, EMM-blood exhibited a significantly higher % G than blood samples from healthy Chinese donors (EMM-blood: 56.78%, donors: 45.61%; p = 0.0256; OR = 1.567). Regarding membrane-blood consistency, % M was significantly different between PVRMs and EMMs (PVRMs: 2.63%, EMMs: 21.57%; p = 0.0097; OR = 10.18) but not between different types of ILMs (PVR-ILMs: 18.18%, EMM-ILMs: 29.17%; p = 0.6855). Furthermore, EMMs (p = 0.0053; OR = 8.250) and EMM-ILMs (p = 0.0233; OR = 14.40) from patients with preoperative macular holes were more predisposed toward somatic mutations at the MDM2 T309G locus than those from patients without preoperative macular holes. Conclusions:MDM2 T309G is associated with the development of EMMs. Herein, the MDM2 SNP309 G allele is first reported as an associated factor of EMMs in a Chinese population. In addition, EMMs and ILMs are genetically unstable at the MDM2 T309G locus, especially when complicated with preoperative macular holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhishang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lusi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hetian Lei
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Hetian Lei, , Jing Luo,
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hetian Lei, , Jing Luo,
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The roles of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncoprotein in ocular diseases: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108910. [PMID: 34998788 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the primary negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, cooperates with its structural homolog MDM4/MDMX to control intracellular p53 level. In turn, overexpression of p53 upregulates and forms an autoregulatory feedback loop with MDM2. The MDM2-p53 axis plays a pivotal role in modulating cell cycle control and apoptosis. MDM2 itself is regulated by the PI3K-AKT and RB-E2F-ARF pathways. While amplification of the MDM2 gene or overexpression of MDM2 (due to MDM2 SNP T309G, for instance) is associated with various malignancies, numerous studies have shown that MDM2/p53 alterations may also play a part in the pathogenetic process of certain ocular disorders (Fig. 1). These include cancers (retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma), fibrocellular proliferative diseases (proliferative vitreoretinopathy, pterygium), neovascular diseases, degenerative diseases (cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration) and infectious/inflammatory diseases (trachoma, uveitis). In addition, MDM2 is implicated in retinogenesis and regeneration after optic nerve injury. Anti-MDM2 therapy has shown potential as a novel approach to treating these diseases. Despite major safety concerns, there are high expectations for the clinical value of reformative MDM2 inhibitors. This review summarizes important findings about the role of MDM2 in ocular pathologies and provides an overview of recent advances in treating these diseases with anti-MDM2 therapies.
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Avoidance or adaptation of radiotherapy in patients with cancer with Li-Fraumeni and heritable TP53-related cancer syndromes. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:e562-e574. [PMID: 34856153 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The management of patients with cancer and Li-Fraumeni or heritable TP53-related cancer syndromes is complex because of their increased risk of developing second malignant neoplasms after genotoxic stresses such as systemic treatments or radiotherapy (radiosusceptibility). Clinical decision making also integrates the risks of normal tissue toxicity and sequelae (radiosensitivity) and tumour response to radiotherapy (radioresistance and radiocurability). Radiotherapy should be avoided in patients with cancer and Li-Fraumeni or heritable TP53 cancer-related syndromes, but overall prognosis might be poor without radiotherapy: radioresistance in these patients seems similar to or worse than that of the general population. Radiosensitivity in germline TP53 variant carriers seems similar to that in the general population. The risk of second malignant neoplasms according to germline TP53 variant and the patient's overall oncological prognosis should be assessed during specialised multidisciplinary staff meetings. Radiotherapy should be avoided whenever other similarly curative treatment options are available. In other cases, it should be adapted to minimise the risk of second malignant neoplasms in patients who still require radiotherapy despite its genotoxicity, in view of its potential benefit. Adaptations might be achieved through the reduction of irradiated volumes using proton therapy, non-ionising diagnostic procedures, image guidance, and minimal stray radiation. Non-ionising imaging should become more systematic. Radiotherapy approaches that might result in a lower probability of misrepaired DNA damage (eg, particle therapy biology and tumour targeting) are an area of investigation.
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Kumamoto T, Yamazaki F, Nakano Y, Tamura C, Tashiro S, Hattori H, Nakagawara A, Tsunematsu Y. Medical guidelines for Li-Fraumeni syndrome 2019, version 1.1. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:2161-2178. [PMID: 34633580 PMCID: PMC8595164 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-02011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary tumor that exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance. LFS develops in individuals with a pathogenic germline variant of the cancer-suppressor gene, TP53 (individuals with TP53 pathogenic variant). The number of individuals with TP53 pathogenic variant among the general population is said to be 1 in 500 to 20,000. Meanwhile, it is found in 1.6% (median value, range of 0–6.7%) of patients with pediatric cancer and 0.2% of adult patients with cancer. LFS is diagnosed by the presence of germline TP53 pathogenic variants. However, patients can still be diagnosed with LFS even in the absence of a TP53 pathogenic variant if the familial history of cancers fit the classic LFS diagnostic criteria. It is recommended that TP53 genetic testing be promptly performed if LFS is suspected. Chompret criteria are widely used for the TP53 genetic test. However, as there are a certain number of cases of LFS that do not fit the criteria, if LFS is suspected, TP53 genetic testing should be performed regardless of the criteria. The probability of individuals with TP53 pathogenic variant developing cancer in their lifetime (penetrance) is 75% for men and almost 100% for women. The LFS core tumors (breast cancer, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, brain tumor, and adrenocortical cancer) constitute the majority of cases; however, various types of cancers, such as hematological malignancy, epithelial cancer, and pediatric cancers, such as neuroblastoma, can also develop. Furthermore, approximately half of the cases develop simultaneous or metachronous multiple cancers. The types of TP53 pathogenic variants and factors that modify the functions of TP53 have an impact on the clinical presentation, although there are currently no definitive findings. There is currently no cancer preventive agent for individuals with TP53 pathogenic variant. Surgical treatments, such as risk-reducing bilateral mastectomy warrant further investigation. Theoretically, exposure to radiation could induce the onset of secondary cancer; therefore, imaging and treatments that use radiation should be avoided as much as possible. As a method to follow-up LFS, routine cancer surveillance comprising whole-body MRI scan, brain MRI scan, breast MRI scan, and abdominal ultrasonography (US) should be performed immediately after the diagnosis. However, the effectiveness of this surveillance is unknown, and there are problems, such as adverse events associated with a high rate of false positives, overdiagnosis, and sedation used during imaging as well as negative psychological impact. The detection rate of cancer through cancer surveillance is extremely high. Many cases are detected at an early stage, and treatments are low intensity; thus, cancer surveillance could contribute to an improvement in QOL, or at least, a reduction in complications associated with treatment. With the widespread use of genomic medicine, the diagnosis of LFS is unavoidable, and a comprehensive medical care system for LFS is necessary. Therefore, clinical trials that verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the program, comprising LFS registry, genetic counseling, and cancer surveillance, need to be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kumamoto
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Fumito Yamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakano
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Tamura
- Medical Information and Genetic Counseling Division, FMC Tokyo Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimon Tashiro
- Department of Sociology, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Hattori
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Saga International Heavy Ion Cancer Radiation Therapy Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tsunematsu
- Saga International Heavy Ion Cancer Radiation Therapy Center, Saga, Japan
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Sooraj K, Kumar S, Kumar A, Bajaj MS, Kaur J. The mouse double minute 2 309T>G polymorphism and retinoblastoma risk: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021; 34:191-194. [PMID: 34085012 PMCID: PMC8081075 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.310402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MDM2 gene. It is expressed in retinoblastoma (Rb) cells and acts as a key negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Several studies have investigated the association of Rb with MDM2 309T>G polymorphism, but the results were conflicting. To derive a more precise estimation of the association, we performed a meta-analysis of the relationship between MDM2 309T>G polymorphism with Rb in all published studies. METHODS: Published literature from PubMed and other databases were retrieved. All the reported studies evaluating the association between MDM2 309T>G polymorphism and Rb risk were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the fixed-effect model. A total of four case–control studies, including 520 cases and 745 controls were included. RESULTS: This meta-analysis found that MDM2 309T>G polymorphism was significantly associated with Rb risk in the dominant model, TG+GG versus TT (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.11–1.84, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis suggested that MDM2 309T>G polymorphism has a significant association with increased Rb risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sooraj
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mandeep S Bajaj
- Oculoplasty and Pediatric Ophthalmology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasbir Kaur
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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10
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Powers J, Pinto EM, Barnoud T, Leung JC, Martynyuk T, Kossenkov AV, Philips AH, Desai H, Hausler R, Kelly G, Le AN, Li MM, MacFarland SP, Pyle LC, Zelley K, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Slavin TP, Weitzel JN, Stopfer JE, Garber JE, Joseph V, Offit K, Dolinsky JS, Gutierrez S, McGoldrick K, Couch FJ, Levin B, Edelman MC, Levy CF, Spunt SL, Kriwacki RW, Zambetti GP, Ribeiro RC, Murphy ME, Maxwell KN. A Rare TP53 Mutation Predominant in Ashkenazi Jews Confers Risk of Multiple Cancers. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3732-3744. [PMID: 32675277 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in TP53 cause a rare high penetrance cancer syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). Here, we identified a rare TP53 tetramerization domain missense mutation, c.1000G>C;p.G334R, in a family with multiple late-onset LFS-spectrum cancers. Twenty additional c.1000G>C probands and one c.1000G>A proband were identified, and available tumors showed biallelic somatic inactivation of TP53. The majority of families were of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, and the TP53 c.1000G>C allele was found on a commonly inherited chromosome 17p13.1 haplotype. Transient transfection of the p.G334R allele conferred a mild defect in colony suppression assays. Lymphoblastoid cell lines from the index family in comparison with TP53 normal lines showed that although classical p53 target gene activation was maintained, a subset of p53 target genes (including PCLO, PLTP, PLXNB3, and LCN15) showed defective transactivation when treated with Nutlin-3a. Structural analysis demonstrated thermal instability of the G334R-mutant tetramer, and the G334R-mutant protein showed increased preponderance of mutant conformation. Clinical case review in comparison with classic LFS cohorts demonstrated similar rates of pediatric adrenocortical tumors and other LFS component cancers, but the latter at significantly later ages of onset. Our data show that TP53 c.1000G>C;p.G334R is found predominantly in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals, causes a mild defect in p53 function, and leads to low penetrance LFS. SIGNIFICANCE: TP53 c.1000C>G;p.G334R is a pathogenic, Ashkenazi Jewish-predominant mutation associated with a familial multiple cancer syndrome in which carriers should undergo screening and preventive measures to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Powers
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emilia M Pinto
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica C Leung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tetyana Martynyuk
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron H Philips
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Heena Desai
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Hausler
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anh N Le
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marilyn M Li
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suzanne P MacFarland
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Louise C Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristin Zelley
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas P Slavin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jill E Stopfer
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jill S Dolinsky
- Division of Clinical Affairs, Division of Bioinformatics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Stephanie Gutierrez
- Division of Clinical Affairs, Division of Bioinformatics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Kelly McGoldrick
- Division of Clinical Affairs, Division of Bioinformatics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brooke Levin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Morris C Edelman
- Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Carolyn Fein Levy
- Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Sheri L Spunt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Richard W Kriwacki
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gerard P Zambetti
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kara N Maxwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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11
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Barnoud T, Parris JLD, Murphy ME. Common genetic variants in the TP53 pathway and their impact on cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:578-585. [PMID: 31152665 PMCID: PMC6736421 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 gene is well known to be the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. In addition to mutations, there are > 20 different coding region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TP53 gene, as well as SNPs in MDM2, the negative regulator of p53. Several of these SNPs are known to alter p53 pathway function. This makes p53 rather unique among cancer-critical genes, e.g. the coding regions of other cancer-critical genes like Ha-Ras, RB, and PI3KCA do not have non-synonymous coding region SNPs that alter their function in cancer. The next frontier in p53 biology will consist of probing which of these coding region SNPs are moderately or strongly pathogenic and whether they influence cancer risk and the efficacy of cancer therapy. The challenge after that will consist of determining whether we can tailor chemotherapy to correct the defects for each of these variants. Here we review the SNPs in TP53 and MDM2 that show the most significant impact on cancer and other diseases. We also propose avenues for how this information can be used to better inform personalized medicine approaches to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Barnoud
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua L D Parris
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Surakhy M, Wallace M, Bond E, Grochola LF, Perez H, Di Giovannantonio M, Zhang P, Malkin D, Carter H, Parise IZS, Zambetti G, Komechen H, Paraizo MM, Pagadala MS, Pinto EM, Lalli E, Figueiredo BC, Bond GL. A common polymorphism in the retinoic acid pathway modifies adrenocortical carcinoma age-dependent incidence. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1231-1241. [PMID: 32147670 PMCID: PMC7156685 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have enriched the fields of genomics and drug development. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with a bimodal age distribution and inadequate treatment options. Paediatric ACC is frequently associated with TP53 mutations, with particularly high incidence in Southern Brazil due to the TP53 p.R337H (R337H) germline mutation. The heterogeneous risk among carriers suggests other genetic modifiers could exist. METHODS We analysed clinical, genotype and gene expression data derived from paediatric ACC, R337H carriers, and adult ACC patients. We restricted our analyses to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in GWASs to associate with disease or human traits. RESULTS A SNP, rs971074, in the alcohol dehydrogenase 7 gene significantly and reproducibly associated with allelic differences in ACC age-of-onset in both cohorts. Patients homozygous for the minor allele were diagnosed up to 16 years earlier. This SNP resides in a gene involved in the retinoic acid (RA) pathway and patients with differing levels of RA pathway gene expression in their tumours associate with differential ACC progression. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a novel genetic component to ACC development that resides in the retinoic acid pathway, thereby informing strategies to develop management, preventive and therapeutic treatments for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirvat Surakhy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marsha Wallace
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisabeth Bond
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lukasz Filip Grochola
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Husein Perez
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Matteo Di Giovannantonio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ping Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Ivy Zortea S Parise
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gerard Zambetti
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heloisa Komechen
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Paraizo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Meghana S Pagadala
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Emilia M Pinto
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, Université Côte D'Azur, Inserm, Valbonne, France
| | - Bonald C Figueiredo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil. .,Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. .,Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Gareth L Bond
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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13
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Raimundo L, Ramos H, Loureiro JB, Calheiros J, Saraiva L. BRCA1/P53: Two strengths in cancer chemoprevention. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188339. [PMID: 31917206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing emphasis has been given to prevention as a feasible approach to reduce the cancer burden. However, for its clinical success, further advances are required to identify effective chemopreventive agents. This review affords a critical and up-to-date discussion of issues related to cancer prevention, including an in-depth knowledge on BRCA1 and p53 tumor suppressor proteins as key molecular players. Indeed, it compiles the most recent advances on the topic, highlighting the unique potential of BRCA1 and p53 germline mutations as molecular biomarkers for risk assessment and targets for chemoprevention. Relevant evidences are herein provided supporting the effectiveness of distinct pharmacological agents in cancer prevention, by targeting BRCA1 and p53. Moreover, the rationale for using germline mutant BRCA1- or p53-related cancer syndromes as model systems to investigate effective chemopreventive agents is also addressed. Altogether, this work provides an innovative conception about the dependence on p53 and BRCA1 co-inactivation in tumor formation and development, emphasizing the relationship between these two proteins as an encouraging direction for future personalized pharmacological interventions in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Raimundo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ramos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B Loureiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Calheiros
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Liu B, Song J, Han H, Hu Z, Chen N, Cui J, Matsubara JA, Zhong J, Lei H. Blockade of MDM2 with inactive Cas9 prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1874-1886. [PMID: 31439892 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We aimed to demonstrate the role of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) in transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2)-induced EMT in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). Immunofluorescence was used to assess MDM2 expression in epiretinal membranes (ERMs) from patients with PVR. A single guide (sg)RNA targeting the second promoter of MDM2 was cloned into a mutant lentiviral Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (lentiCRISPR) v2 (D10A and H840A) vector for expressing nuclease dead Cas9 (dCas9)/MDM2-sgRNA in RPEs. In addition, MDM2-sgRNA was also cloned into a pLV-sgRNA-dCas9-Kruppel associated box (KRAB) vector for expressing dCas9 fused with a transcriptional repressor KRAB/MDM2-sgRNA. TGF-β2-induced expression of MDM2 and EMT biomarkers were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), western blot, or immunofluorescence. Wound-healing and proliferation assays were used to evaluate the role of MDM2 in TGF-β2-induced responses in RPEs. As a result, we found that MDM2 was expressed obviously in ERMs, and that TGF-β2-induced expression of MDM2 and EMT biomarkers Fibronectin, N-cadherin and Vimentin in RPEs. Importantly, we discovered that the dCas9/MDM2-sgRNA blocked TGF-β2-induced expression of MDM2 and the EMT biomarkers without affecting their basal expression, whereas the dCas9-KRAB/MDM2-sgRNA suppressed basal MDM2 expression in RPEs. These cells could not be maintained continuously because their viability was greatly reduced. Next, we found that Nutlin-3, a small molecule blocking the interaction of MDM2 with p53, inhibited TGF-β2-induced expression of Fibronectin and N-cadherin but not Vimentin in RPEs, indicating that MDM2 functions in both p53-dependent and -independent pathways. Finally, our experimental data demonstrated that dCas9/MDM2-sgRNA suppressed TGF-β2-dependent cell proliferation and migration without disturbing the unstimulated basal activity. In conclusion, the CRISPR/dCas9 capability for blocking TGF-β2-induced expression of MDM2 and EMT biomarkers can be exploited for a therapeutic approach to PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Haote Han
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Hu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Na Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cui
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | | | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hetian Lei
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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15
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Gargallo P, Yáñez Y, Segura V, Juan A, Torres B, Balaguer J, Oltra S, Castel V, Cañete A. Li-Fraumeni syndrome heterogeneity. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:978-988. [PMID: 31691207 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical variability is commonly seen in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Phenotypic heterogeneity is present among different families affected by the same pathogenic variant in TP53 gene and among members of the same family. However, causes of this huge clinical spectrum have not been studied in depth. TP53 type mutation, polymorphic variants in TP53 gene or in TP53-related genes, copy number variations in particular regions, and/or epigenetic deregulation of TP53 expression might be responsible for clinical heterogeneity. In this review, recent advances in the understanding of genetic and epigenetic aspects influencing Li-Fraumeni phenotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gargallo
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Y Yáñez
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Segura
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Juan
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Torres
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Balaguer
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Oltra
- Genetics Unit, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Genetics Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Castel
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cañete
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a rare tumor developed in bone and soft tissues of children and teenagers. This entity is biologically led by a chromosomal translocation, typically including EWS and FLI1 genes. Little is known about Ewing sarcoma predisposition, although the role of environmental factors, ethnicity and certain polymorphisms on Ewing sarcoma susceptibility has been studied during the last few years. Its prevalence among cancer predisposition syndromes has also been thoroughly examined. This review summarizes the available evidence on predisposing factors involved in Ewing sarcoma susceptibility. On the basis of these data, an integrated approach of the most influential factors on Ewing sarcoma predisposition is proposed.
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17
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Rana HQ, Clifford J, Hoang L, LaDuca H, Black MH, Li S, McGoldrick K, Speare V, Dolinsky JS, Gau CL, Garber JE. Genotype–phenotype associations among panel-based TP53+ subjects. Genet Med 2019; 21:2478-2484. [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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18
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Gowkielewicz M, Lipka A, Piotrowska A, Szadurska-Noga M, Nowakowski JJ, Dzięgiel P, Majewski MK, Jozwik M, Majewska M. Anti-Müllerian Hormone Expression in Endometrial Cancer Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061325. [PMID: 30884769 PMCID: PMC6471522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a commonly known factor secreted by Sertoli cells, responsible for regression of the Müllerian ducts in male fetuses. AMH has also other functions in humans. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that AMH inhibits cell cycle and induces apoptosis in cancers with AMH receptors. The aim of the study was to assess whether the tissue of pre-cancerous states of endometrium (PCS) and various histopathologic types of endometrial cancer (EC) exhibit the presence of AMH. We aimed to investigate whether the potential presence of the protein concerns menopausal women or those regularly menstruating, and whether is related to cancers with a good or a bad prognosis, as well as what other factors may influence AMH expression. The undertaken analysis was carried out on tissues retrieved from 232 women who underwent surgical treatment for PCS and EC. Tissues were prepared for immunohistochemical assessment with the use of a tissue microarrays method. AMH expression was confirmed in 23 patients with well differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma (G1), moderately differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma (G2), clear cell carcinoma (CCA) and nonatypical hyperplasia. AMH was not found in EC tissues in regularly menstruating women. An appropriately long mean period of breastfeeding in line with a prolonged period of hormonal activity had a positive effect on AMH expression. Our results may suggest that AMH is a factor which protects the organism against cancer, and should be further investigated as a potential prognosis marker and a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Gowkielewicz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Lipka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Szadurska-Noga
- Department of Pathomorphology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jacek J Nowakowski
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10⁻727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Krzysztof Majewski
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marcin Jozwik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marta Majewska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
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19
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p53 signaling pathway polymorphisms, cancer risk and tumor phenotype in TP53 R337H mutation carriers. Fam Cancer 2019; 17:269-274. [PMID: 28756477 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-017-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni and Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome (LFS/LFL) are clinically heterogeneous cancer predisposition syndromes characterized by diagnosis of early-onset and often multiple cancers with variable tumor patterns and incomplete penetrance. To date, the genetic modifiers described in LFS/LFL have been shown to map to either TP53 or its main negative regulator, MDM2. Additionally, all studies were focused on families with different TP53 germline mutations. Hence, in this study we explored the effect of the most studied polymorphisms of p53 pathway genes on clinical manifestations of individuals carrying the founder TP53 mutation R337H (n = 136) and controls (n = 186). Cancer-affected carriers had been diagnosed either with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC, n = 29) or breast cancer (BC, n = 43). Allelic discrimation using TaqMan assay was used for genotyping MDM2 SNP 309 (rs2279744) as well as MDM4 (rs1563828) and USP7 (rs1529916) polymorphisms. We found significantly higher MDM2 SNP 309 GG genotype and G allele frequencies in the LFS cohort than in controls. Furthermore, median age at first diagnosis was earlier in MDM2 SNP309 GG carriers when compared to other genotypes for both cancers (ACC: age 1 vs. 2 years; BC: age 35 vs. 43 years, respectively), although not statistically different. The allelic and genotypic frequencies for all SNPs did not differ between cancer affected and unaffected carriers, neither between patients with ACC or BC. In conclusion, our results suggest that MDM2 SNP 309 may contribute to the LFL phenotype and also to an earlier age at diagnosis of ACC and BC cancer in carriers of the R337H founder mutation.
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Miedl H, Lebhard J, Ehart L, Schreiber M. Association of the MDM2 SNP285 and SNP309 Genetic Variants with the Risk, Age at Onset and Prognosis of Breast Cancer in Central European Women: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030509. [PMID: 30691044 PMCID: PMC6387136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SNP309T>G (rs2279744) and SNP285G>C (rs117039649) in the MDM2 promoter are thought to have opposite effects on the binding of transcription factor SP1 (specificity protein 1), and consequently on MDM2 expression, p53 levels, cancer risk, age at onset, and prognosis. Here, we genotyped SNP309 and SNP285 in 406 Austrian breast cancer patients and 254 female controls. The SNP309GG genotype was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in p53 negative (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.09–3.03; p = 0.02), but not p53 positive or unselected patients. In contrast, the SNP309TT genotype was associated with an earlier age at onset (TT, 57.0 ± 12.9; TG, 58.6 ± 13.9; GG, 59.7 ± 15.0 years; p = 0.048). 31% of SNP309TT, 26% of TG, and 13% of GG tumors were p53 positive (p = 0.034), indicating a lower selective pressure to mutate TP53 in the presence of the G-allele. Moreover, SNP309TT patients exhibited a shortened metastasis-free survival in multivariable analysis. Censoring carriers of the SNP285C-allele hardly altered the strength of these associations of SNP309, thus challenging the proposed antagonistic function of SNP285C towards SNP309G. The minor SNP285C-allele tended to be non-significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk and a poor disease-free and metastasis-free survival, which may be bystander effects of its complete linkage disequilibrium with SNP309G. We conclude that the SNP309G-allele attenuates the p53-response and leads to a higher breast cancer risk, but also to a later onset of breast cancer and a trend towards a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Miedl
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Fowles JS, How J, Allen MJ, Oh ST. Young versus old age at diagnosis confers distinct genomic profiles in patients with polycythemia vera. Leukemia 2019; 33:1522-1526. [PMID: 30635625 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Fowles
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan How
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie J Allen
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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22
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Zou X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li J, Zhu C, Cheng Q, Zhou J, Chen Y. Association between MDM2 SNP309 and endometrial cancer risk: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13273. [PMID: 30544386 PMCID: PMC6310604 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) plays an important role in the downregulation of P53 tumor suppressor gene. MDM2 inhibits P53 transcriptional activity and thereby results in accelerated tumor formation. Overexpression of MDM2 has been found in several cancer types including endometrial cancer. SNP309 is located in the promoter region of MDM2 and contributes to the overexpression of MDM2. The association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk has been investigated in several studies; however, the conclusion remains controversial. OBJECTIVES We performed the present meta-analysis to give a comprehensive conclusion of the association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and endometrial cancer susceptibility. METHODS We conducted a literature research on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, OVID, Web of Science, Wan Fang, CNKI, and CQVIP databases up to July 31, 2018. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies. We evaluated the strength of association by combining odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in 5 different genetic models under a fixed-effect model or random-effect model. We further conducted subgroup analysis by ethnicity, source of control, histological type, clinical type, grade, and stage of tumor. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed. RESULTS Nine eligible studies were finally included in our meta-analysis. We found MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism increased the risk of endometrial cancer under allele model (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.41, P = .005), homozygote model (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13-1.81, P = .003) and recessive model (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.04, P = .002). Subgroup analysis suggested a similar elevated risk in both Asians and Caucasians. We identified a strong association of enhanced susceptibility to endometrial cancer in endometrioid group (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.28-3.54, P = .004) and Type I group (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25-2.86, P = .002) under dominant model. We identified no significant publication bias according to Egger's test. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggested that MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism increased the risk of endometrial cancer significantly, especially in endometrioid and Type I endometrial cancer, indicating MDM2 could serve as a potential diagnostic factor marker for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, PR China
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23
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Chakravorty S, Hegde M. Inferring the effect of genomic variation in the new era of genomics. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:756-773. [PMID: 29633501 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and detailed understanding of the effects of variants in the coding and noncoding regions of the genome is the next big challenge in the new genomic era of personalized medicine, especially to tackle newer findings of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of diseases. This is necessary to resolve the gene-variant-disease relationship, the pathogenic variant spectrum of genes, pathogenic variants with variable clinical consequences, and multiloci diseases. In turn, this will facilitate patient recruitment for relevant clinical trials. In this review, we describe the trends in research at the intersection of basic and clinical genomics aiming to (a) overcome molecular diagnostic challenges and increase the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, (b) elucidate variants associated with disease, (c) determine overall genomic complexity including epistasis, complex inheritance patterns such as "synergistic heterozygosity," digenic/multigenic inheritance, modifier effect, and rare variant load. We describe the newly emerging field of integrated functional genomics, in vivo or in vitro large-scale functional approaches, statistical bioinformatics algorithms that support NGS genomics data to interpret variants for timely clinical diagnostics and disease management. Thus, facilitating the discovery of new therapeutic or biomarker options, and their roles in the future of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Chakravorty
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building Suite 301, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Madhuri Hegde
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building Suite 301, Atlanta, Georgia
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24
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Neumann MP, González MV, Pitiot AS, Santamaría Í, Martínez C, Tardón A, Astudillo A, Balbín M. TP53 p.R72P genotype is a marker of poor prognosis in lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 21:747-754. [PMID: 29286914 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with poor survival rates despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances. Markers are needed in order to improve clinical patient management and survival. TP53 is frequently involved in lung cancer development with polymorphic sites potentially having a role in it. This study aims to determine the value of codon 72 missense polymorphic variant genotyping, TP53 R72P, as a prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. METHODS One hundred and fifteen NSCLC samples from patients exposed to tobacco smoke and silica dust from Asturias (Northern Spain) were genotyped by direct sequencing. RESULTS Seventy-five percent tumour samples alleles coded for Arg. The R72P genotype was an independent predictor of lymph node status (HR = 3.6). The heterozygous genotype was associated to a reduced 5-year survival rate (28% vs 51% for homozygotes). Importantly, this result was specifically observed in these subsets of patients: those over 67 years, patients with silicosis, current smokers, patients with squamous cell carcinomas and, notably, with tumour free lymph nodes. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a remarkable application of R72P genotyping in the clinical setting: refine patient subclassification to identify those with an adverse clinical course despite tumour free lymph node status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Peter Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Victoria González
- Department of Surgery, University of Oviedo and IUOPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana S Pitiot
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, IUOPA and Laboratorio de Medicina, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Íñigo Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, IUOPA and Laboratorio de Medicina, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Servicio de Neumología, Area de Gestión Clínica de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- IUOPA, University of Oviedo and CIBERESP (Ciber de Epidemiologia y salud Pública), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Department of Surgery, University of Oviedo and IUOPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, IUOPA and Laboratorio de Medicina, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
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25
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Revisiting tumor patterns and penetrance in germline TP53 mutation carriers: temporal phases of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Curr Opin Oncol 2017; 30:23-29. [PMID: 29076966 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Germline pathogenic TP53 mutation may predispose to multiple cancers but penetrance and cancer patterns remain incompletely documented. We have analyzed international agency for research on cancer TP53 database to reevaluate age and variant-dependent tumor patterns. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide studies suggest that germline variants are more frequent than estimated prevalence of Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), suggesting that many carriers of potentially pathogenic mutations may not develop the syndrome. Carriers of a germline TP53 mutation who are detected in a clinical context have a penetrance of 80% at age 70. Penetrance varies according to age, sex and mutation type. Temporal tumor patterns show distinct phases, with childhood phase (0-15 years, 22% of all cancers) characterized by adrenal cortical carcinoma, choroid plexus carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and medulloblastoma; early adulthood phase (16-50 years, 51%) including breast cancer, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcomas, leukemia, astrocytoma and glioblastoma, colorectal and lung cancer; late adulthood phase (51-80 years, 27%) including pancreatic and prostate cancer. SUMMARY Germline pathogenic variants in TP53 gene have different consequences according to cell, tissue, context and age. The occurrence of frequent variants in patients with no criteria suggestive of LFS calls for attention in predicting individual risk and highlights the need of additional predictors for assigning carriers to appropriate surveillance programs.
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26
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de Andrade KC, Mirabello L, Stewart DR, Karlins E, Koster R, Wang M, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Freedman ND, Landi MT, Lemonnier N, Hainaut P, Savage SA, Achatz MI. Higher-than-expected population prevalence of potentially pathogenic germline TP53 variants in individuals unselected for cancer history. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1723-1730. [PMID: 28861920 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal-dominant cancer predisposition disorder associated with pathogenic germline variants in TP53, with a high penetrance over an individual's lifetime. The actual population prevalence of pathogenic germline TP53 mutations is still unclear, most likely due to biased selection of cancer affected families. The aim of this study was to estimate the population prevalence of potentially pathogenic TP53 exonic variants in three sequencing databases, totaling 63,983 unrelated individuals. Potential pathogenicity was defined using an original algorithm combining bioinformatic prediction tools, suggested clinical significance, and functional data. We identified 34 different potentially pathogenic TP53 variants in 131 out of 63,983 individuals (0.2%). Twenty-eight (82%) of these variants fell within the DNA-binding domain of TP53, with an enrichment for specific variants that were not previously identified as LFS mutation hotspots, such as the p.R290H and p.N235S variants. Our findings reveal that the population prevalence of potentially pathogenic TP53 variants may be up to 10 times higher than previously estimated from family-based studies. These results point to the need for further studies aimed at evaluating cancer penetrance modifiers as well as the risk associated between cancer and rare TP53 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin César de Andrade
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Karlins
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roelof Koster
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathanaël Lemonnier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Allée des Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Pierre Hainaut
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Allée des Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Achatz
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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27
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Li W, Wang SS, Deng J, Tang JX. Association of p73 gene G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism and MDM2 gene SNP309 with non-small cell lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1817-1822. [PMID: 28789416 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association of p73 G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) 309 T/G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Sothern China. The p73 and MDM2 genotypes of peripheral blood DNA from 186 patients with NSCLC and 196 normal controls were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with confronting two-pair primers (CTPP) and high resolution melting (HRM), respectively. The results of genotyping were consistent with those of direct sequencing. The p73 AT/AT [odds ratio (OR)=0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.22-0.97] and MDM2 TT (OR=0.48; 95% CI=0.26-0.86) genotypes were associated with a decreased risk of developing NSCLC compared with that of the p73 GC/GC and MDM2 GG genotypes, respectively. In addition, the interaction between the p73 and MDM2 polymorphisms reduced the risk of developing NSCLC in multiple ways (OR=0.13; 95% CI=0.03-0.59) for subjects carrying both the p73 AT/AT and MDM2 TT genotypes. Therefore, the SNP in p73 G4C14-A4T14 and the MDM2 309 polymorphism may be markers of genetic susceptibility to NSCLC in a Chinese population, and there is a possible gene-gene interaction involved in the incidence of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, P.R. China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Packaging and Material Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, P.R. China
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Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a complex hereditary cancer predisposition disorder associated with early-onset cancers in diverse tissues of origin. Germline TP53 mutations are identified in 75% of patients with classic LFS. The lifetime likelihood of a TP53 mutation carrier developing cancer approaches 75% in males and almost 100% in females. Several genetic modifiers have been implicated to account for the phenotypic variability within and across LFS families; however, efforts to develop predictive algorithms of age of onset and type of cancers in individual patients have not yet found clinical use. Although it is not possible to prevent cancers from forming in LFS patients, novel protocols have been developed for surveillance for early tumor detection, leading to improvements in survival. Comprehensive studies of the genome and epigenome in LFS families in the context of germline TP53 mutations is anticipated to shed light on this intriguing, yet devastating, disease and to transform the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Guha
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children; Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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29
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Carvalho IN, Reis AH, dos Santos AC, Vargas FR. A polymorphism in mir-34b/c as a potential biomarker for early onset of hereditary retinoblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 18:313-317. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivna N.S.R. Carvalho
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana H.O. Reis
- Genetics Division, Genetics Counseling Program, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna C.E. dos Santos
- Genetics Division, Genetics Counseling Program, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Vargas
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Department, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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30
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Posey JE, Harel T, Liu P, Rosenfeld JA, James RA, Coban Akdemir ZH, Walkiewicz M, Bi W, Xiao R, Ding Y, Xia F, Beaudet AL, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Boerwinkle E, Eng CM, Sutton VR, Shaw CA, Plon SE, Yang Y, Lupski JR. Resolution of Disease Phenotypes Resulting from Multilocus Genomic Variation. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:21-31. [PMID: 27959697 PMCID: PMC5335876 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1516767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-exome sequencing can provide insight into the relationship between observed clinical phenotypes and underlying genotypes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from a series of 7374 consecutive unrelated patients who had been referred to a clinical diagnostic laboratory for whole-exome sequencing; our goal was to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of patients for whom more than one molecular diagnosis was reported. The phenotypic similarity between molecularly diagnosed pairs of diseases was calculated with the use of terms from the Human Phenotype Ontology. RESULTS A molecular diagnosis was rendered for 2076 of 7374 patients (28.2%); among these patients, 101 (4.9%) had diagnoses that involved two or more disease loci. We also analyzed parental samples, when available, and found that de novo variants accounted for 67.8% (61 of 90) of pathogenic variants in autosomal dominant disease genes and 51.7% (15 of 29) of pathogenic variants in X-linked disease genes; both variants were de novo in 44.7% (17 of 38) of patients with two monoallelic variants. Causal copy-number variants were found in 12 patients (11.9%) with multiple diagnoses. Phenotypic similarity scores were significantly lower among patients in whom the phenotype resulted from two distinct mendelian disorders that affected different organ systems (50 patients) than among patients with disorders that had overlapping phenotypic features (30 patients) (median score, 0.21 vs. 0.36; P=1.77×10-7). CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found multiple molecular diagnoses in 4.9% of cases in which whole-exome sequencing was informative. Our results show that structured clinical ontologies can be used to determine the degree of overlap between two mendelian diseases in the same patient; the diseases can be distinct or overlapping. Distinct disease phenotypes affect different organ systems, whereas overlapping disease phenotypes are more likely to be caused by two genes encoding proteins that interact within the same pathway. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Ting Tsung and Wei Fong Chao Foundation.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Posey
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Tamar Harel
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Pengfei Liu
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Regis A James
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Zeynep H Coban Akdemir
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Magdalena Walkiewicz
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Weimin Bi
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Rui Xiao
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Yan Ding
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Fan Xia
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Donna M Muzny
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Christine M Eng
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - V Reid Sutton
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Chad A Shaw
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Sharon E Plon
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - Yaping Yang
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
| | - James R Lupski
- From the Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.E.P., T.H., P.L., J.A.R., Z.H.C.A., M.W., W.B., R.X., F.X., A.L.B., D.M.M., R.A.G., C.M.E., V.R.S., C.A.S., S.E.P., Y.Y., J.R.L.) and Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor Genetics (P.L., M.W., W.B., R.X., Y.D., F.X., R.A.G., C.M.E., Y.Y.), Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics (R.A.J.), and Human Genome Sequencing Center (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B., S.E.P., J.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center (E.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics (S.E.P., J.R.L.) and Texas Children's Cancer Center (S.E.P.), Texas Children's Hospital - all in Houston
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Valdez JM, Nichols KE, Kesserwan C. Li-Fraumeni syndrome: a paradigm for the understanding of hereditary cancer predisposition. Br J Haematol 2016; 176:539-552. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Valdez
- Division of Cancer Predisposition; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis TN USA
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Division of Cancer Predisposition; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis TN USA
| | - Chimene Kesserwan
- Division of Cancer Predisposition; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis TN USA
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Duan Y, Ma G, Huang X, D'Amore PA, Zhang F, Lei H. The Clustered, Regularly Interspaced, Short Palindromic Repeats-associated Endonuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-created MDM2 T309G Mutation Enhances Vitreous-induced Expression of MDM2 and Proliferation and Survival of Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16339-47. [PMID: 27246850 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The G309 allele of SNPs in the mouse double minute (MDM2) promoter locus is associated with a higher risk of cancer and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), but whether SNP G309 contributes to the pathogenesis of PVR is to date unknown. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated endonuclease (Cas) 9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) can be harnessed to manipulate a single or multiple nucleotides in mammalian cells. Here we delivered SpCas9 and guide RNAs using dual adeno-associated virus-derived vectors to target the MDM2 genomic locus together with a homologous repair template for creating the mutation of MDM2 T309G in human primary retinal pigment epithelial (hPRPE) cells whose genotype is MDM2 T309T. The next-generation sequencing results indicated that there was 42.51% MDM2 G309 in the edited hPRPE cells using adeno-associated viral CRISPR/Cas9. Our data showed that vitreous induced an increase in MDM2 and subsequent attenuation of p53 expression in MDM2 T309G hPRPE cells. Furthermore, our experimental results demonstrated that MDM2 T309G in hPRPE cells enhanced vitreous-induced cell proliferation and survival, suggesting that this SNP contributes to the pathogenesis of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajian Duan
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Departments of Ophthalmology and the Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
| | - Gaoen Ma
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Departments of Ophthalmology and
| | - Xionggao Huang
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Departments of Ophthalmology and
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Feng Zhang
- the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and
| | - Hetian Lei
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Departments of Ophthalmology and
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Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer; this gene is subject to inactivation by mutation or deletion in >50% of sporadic cancers. Genes that encode proteins that regulate p53 function, such as MDM2, MDM4, and CDKN2A (p14(ARF)) are also frequently altered in tumors, and it is generally believed that the p53 pathway is likely to be inactivated by mutation in close to 100% of human tumors. Unlike most other cancer-relevant signaling pathways, some of the genes in the p53 pathway contain functionally significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the amplitude of signaling by this protein. These variants, thus, have the potential to impact cancer risk, progression, and the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy. In addition, the p53 pathway plays a role in other biological processes, including metabolism and reproductive fitness, so these variants have the potential to modify other diseases as well. Here we have chosen five polymorphisms in three genes in the p53 pathway for review, two in TP53, two in MDM2, and one in MDM4. These five variants were selected based on the quality and reproducibility of functional data associated with them, as well as the convincingness of epidemiological data in support of their association with disease. We also highlight two other polymorphisms that may affect p53 signaling, but for which functional or association data are still forthcoming (KITLG and ANRIL). Finally, we touch on three questions regarding genetic modifiers of the p53 pathway: Why did these variants arise? Were they under selection pressure? And, is there compelling evidence to support genotyping these variants to better predict disease risk and prognosis?
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Basu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Ponti F, Corsini S, Gnoli M, Pedrini E, Mordenti M, Sangiorgi L. Evaluation of TP53 Pro72Arg and MDM2 SNP285–SNP309 polymorphisms in an Italian cohort of LFS suggestive patients lacking identifiable TP53 germline mutations. Fam Cancer 2016; 15:635-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Testa JR, Malkin D, Schiffman JD. Connecting molecular pathways to hereditary cancer risk syndromes. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY EDUCATIONAL BOOK. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. ANNUAL MEETING 2015. [PMID: 23714463 DOI: 10.1200/edbook_am.2013.33.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the genetic causes and molecular pathways of hereditary cancer syndromes has historically informed our knowledge and treatment of all types of cancers. For this review, we focus on three rare syndromes and their associated genetic mutations including BAP1, TP53, and SDHx (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2). BAP1 encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of ubiquitin from protein substrates, and germline mutations of BAP1 cause a novel cancer syndrome characterized by high incidence of benign atypical melanocytic tumors, uveal melanomas, cutaneous melanomas, malignant mesotheliomas, and potentially other cancers. TP53 mutations cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a highly penetrant cancer syndrome associated with multiple tumors including but not limited to sarcomas, breast cancers, brain tumors, and adrenocortical carcinomas. Genomic modifiers for tumor risk and genotype-phenotype correlations in LFS are beginning to be identified. SDH is a mitochondrial enzyme complex involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and germline SDHx mutations lead to increased succinate with subsequent paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and other rarer cancers. In all of these syndromes, the molecular pathways have informed our understanding of tumor risk and successful early tumor surveillance and screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Testa
- From the Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Toronto, and Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; High Risk Pediatric Cancer Clinic, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Nichols KE, Malkin D. Genotype Versus Phenotype: The Yin and Yang of Germline TP53 Mutations in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2331-3. [PMID: 26101242 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.61.5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Malkin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wasserman JD, Novokmet A, Eichler-Jonsson C, Ribeiro RC, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Zambetti GP, Malkin D. Prevalence and functional consequence of TP53 mutations in pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma: a children's oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:602-9. [PMID: 25584008 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.52.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare pediatric malignancy. It occurs in excess among individuals with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which results primarily from germline mutations in the TP53 gene. Prior series exploring frequencies of germline TP53 mutation among children with ACC have been small, geographically limited, or subject to referral bias. The functional consequence of mutations has not been related to phenotype. We provide a genotype-phenotype analysis of TP53 mutations in pediatric ACC and propose a model for tissue-specific effects based on adrenocortical ontogeny. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-eight consecutive, unrelated children with ACC, unselected for family history, underwent germline TP53 sequencing. Rate and distribution of mutations were identified. Functional analysis was performed for novel TP53 variants. Correlation with the International Agency for Research on Cancer p53 database further delineated mutational distribution, association with family history, and risk for multiple primary malignancies (MPMs). RESULTS Germline mutations were present in 50% of children. These mutations did not correspond to the conventional hotspot mutations. There was a wide range of mutant protein function. Patients bearing alleles encoding protein with higher functionality were less likely to have a strong family cancer history, whereas those with greater loss of function had MPMs and/or positive family history. In patients with MPMs, ACC was the most frequent initial malignancy. Finally, we demonstrated age-dependent rates of TP53 mutation positivity. CONCLUSION TP53 mutations are prevalent in children with ACC but decline with age. Mutations result in a broad spectrum of functional loss. Effect of individual mutations may predict carrier and familial disease penetrance with potentially broad implications for clinical surveillance and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Wasserman
- Jonathan D. Wasserman, Ana Novokmet, Claudia Eichler-Jonsson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Raul C. Ribeiro and Gerard P. Zambetti, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Ana Novokmet
- Jonathan D. Wasserman, Ana Novokmet, Claudia Eichler-Jonsson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Raul C. Ribeiro and Gerard P. Zambetti, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Eichler-Jonsson
- Jonathan D. Wasserman, Ana Novokmet, Claudia Eichler-Jonsson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Raul C. Ribeiro and Gerard P. Zambetti, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Jonathan D. Wasserman, Ana Novokmet, Claudia Eichler-Jonsson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Raul C. Ribeiro and Gerard P. Zambetti, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Jonathan D. Wasserman, Ana Novokmet, Claudia Eichler-Jonsson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Raul C. Ribeiro and Gerard P. Zambetti, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gerard P Zambetti
- Jonathan D. Wasserman, Ana Novokmet, Claudia Eichler-Jonsson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Raul C. Ribeiro and Gerard P. Zambetti, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Malkin
- Jonathan D. Wasserman, Ana Novokmet, Claudia Eichler-Jonsson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Jonathan D. Wasserman and David Malkin, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Raul C. Ribeiro and Gerard P. Zambetti, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Id Said B, Malkin D. A functional variant in miR-605 modifies the age of onset in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kamihara J, Rana HQ, Garber JE. Germline TP53 mutations and the changing landscape of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:654-62. [PMID: 24706533 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since its description by Li and Fraumeni over 40 years ago, Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) remains one of the most striking familial cancer predisposition syndromes. Children and adults are affected by a wide array of cancers that occur predominantly at younger ages. This review discusses LFS, describes its association with TP53, and examines the classic and evolving definitions of the syndrome. The potential implications of multigene assessments of individuals at increased cancer risk, which have already begun to identify those with very little personal or family cancer history carrying germline TP53 mutations, are considered. Newer options in the management of individuals with LFS are also discussed, highlighting the importance of further clinical trials for cancer detection, prevention, and management. Finally, we observe how the clinical criteria for TP53 mutation screening appear to be evolving as our understanding of the impact of germline TP53 mutations continues to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junne Kamihara
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Salimi S, Hajizadeh A, Khodamian M, Pejman A, Fazeli K, Yaghmaei M. Age-dependent association of MDM2
promoter polymorphisms and uterine leiomyoma in South-East Iran: A preliminary report. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 41:729-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Salimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Zahedan Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Zahedan Iran
| | - Azam Hajizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Zahedan Iran
| | - Maryam Khodamian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Zahedan Iran
| | - Atefeh Pejman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Zahedan Iran
| | - Kimia Fazeli
- Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Minoo Yaghmaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Zahedan Iran
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Rich TA, Woodson AH, Litton J, Arun B. Hereditary breast cancer syndromes and genetic testing. J Surg Oncol 2014; 111:66-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thereasa A. Rich
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program; Department of Surgical Oncology; M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Ashley H. Woodson
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program; Department of Breast Medical Oncology; M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Jennifer Litton
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program; Department of Breast Medical Oncology; M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Banu Arun
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program; Department of Breast Medical Oncology; M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
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Ye T, Pan Y, Wang R, Hu H, Zhang Y, Li H, Wang L, Sun Y, Chen H. Analysis of the molecular and clinicopathologic features of surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma in patients under 40 years old. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1396-402. [PMID: 25364516 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.08.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The youthful lung cancer may constitute an entity with distinct clinicopathologic characteristics and a controversial prognosis compared with the older counterpart. Whether the youthful lung cancer has the exclusively distinct molecular features has not been well investigated. METHODS Thirty-six resected lung adenocarcinomas from young patients under 40 years old were analyzed concurrently for mutations in EGFR, KRAS, HER2, BRAF, AKT1, ALK, RET, TP53 and LKB1 and enrolled as the younger group. Their molecular and clinicopathologic characteristics were compared with those of 87 adenocarcinoma cases from patients above 40 years old which were collected as the older group. RESULTS The comparable overall survival (OS) (P=0.942), more early adenocarcinomas (P=0.033), more wedge resections (P<0.001) and fewer smokers (P=0.004) were seen in the younger group, when compared with the clinicopathologic characteristics in the older group. Nineteen EGFR mutations (52.8%), 3 KRAS mutations (8.3%), 2 EML4-ALK fusions (5.6%) and 1 KIF5b-RET fusion (2.8%) were identified in the younger group. The difference of oncogenic mutations between the two groups was statistically insignificant (P=0.396). Twenty-six TP53 mutations (72.2%) and 4 LKB1 mutations (11.1%) were found in the younger group. When compared with the old patients, young patients showed a higher prevalence of TP53 mutations (P<0.001) and a comparable prevalence of LKB1 mutations (P=0.951). CONCLUSIONS The youthful lung cancer unequivocally presented the distinct clinicopathologic characteristics including more early adenocarcinomas and fewer smokers. It showed the similar oncogenic characteristics and higher prevalence of TP53 mutations compared with the older counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunjian Pan
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Wang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haichuan Hu
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hang Li
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yihua Sun
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Whole-genome sequencing analysis of phenotypic heterogeneity and anticipation in Li-Fraumeni cancer predisposition syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15497-501. [PMID: 25313051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417322111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and its variant form (LFL) is a familial predisposition to multiple forms of childhood, adolescent, and adult cancers associated with germ-line mutation in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Individual disparities in tumor patterns are compounded by acceleration of cancer onset with successive generations. It has been suggested that this apparent anticipation pattern may result from germ-line genomic instability in TP53 mutation carriers, causing increased DNA copy-number variations (CNVs) with successive generations. To address the genetic basis of phenotypic disparities of LFS/LFL, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 13 subjects from two generations of an LFS kindred. Neither de novo CNV nor significant difference in total CNV was detected in relation with successive generations or with age at cancer onset. These observations were consistent with an experimental mouse model system showing that trp53 deficiency in the germ line of father or mother did not increase CNV occurrence in the offspring. On the other hand, individual records on 1,771 TP53 mutation carriers from 294 pedigrees were compiled to assess genetic anticipation patterns (International Agency for Research on Cancer TP53 database). No strictly defined anticipation pattern was observed. Rather, in multigeneration families, cancer onset was delayed in older compared with recent generations. These observations support an alternative model for apparent anticipation in which rare variants from noncarrier parents may attenuate constitutive resistance to tumorigenesis in the offspring of TP53 mutation carriers with late cancer onset.
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McDaniel LD, Maris JM. The promises and pitfalls of genetic epidemiologic approaches to pediatric cancers: lessons from MDM2. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1717-8. [PMID: 24938213 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee D McDaniel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hedström G, Thunberg U, Amini RM, Zainuddin N, Enblad G, Berglund M. The MDM2 polymorphism SNP309 is associated with clinical characteristics and outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2014; 93:500-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Hedström
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ulf Thunberg
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Norafiza Zainuddin
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science; Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences; International Islamic University; Pahang Malaysia
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mattias Berglund
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Zhao Y, Yang X, Hao X, Pan X, Zhao B, Ma J, Fang J, Zhao M. Common variant on MDM2 contributes to endometrial cancer susceptibility: evidence based on 7 studies. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7555-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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McBride KA, Ballinger ML, Killick E, Kirk J, Tattersall MHN, Eeles RA, Thomas DM, Mitchell G. Li-Fraumeni syndrome: cancer risk assessment and clinical management. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 11:260-71. [PMID: 24642672 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of germline mutations in the TP53 gene, encoding the cell-cycle regulator and tumour suppressor p53, have a markedly increased risk of cancer-related morbidity and mortality during both childhood and adulthood, and thus require appropriate and effective cancer risk management. However, the predisposition of such patients to multiorgan tumorigenesis presents a specific challenge for cancer risk management programmes. Herein, we review the clinical implications of germline mutations in TP53 and the evidence for cancer screening and prevention strategies in individuals carrying such mutations, as well as examining the potential psychosocial implications of lifelong management for a ubiquitous cancer risk. In addition, we propose an evidence-based framework for the clinical management of TP53 mutation carriers and provide a platform for addressing the management of other cancer predisposition syndromes that can affect multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A McBride
- The Familial Cancer Service, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Mandy L Ballinger
- Research Division, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Emma Killick
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Judy Kirk
- The Familial Cancer Service, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Martin H N Tattersall
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2040, Australia
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - David M Thomas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- The Familial Cancer Centre, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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Eischen CM, Lozano G. The Mdm network and its regulation of p53 activities: a rheostat of cancer risk. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:728-37. [PMID: 24488925 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The potent transcriptional activity of p53 (Trp53, TP53) must be kept in check for normal cell growth and survival. Tumors, which drastically deviate from these parameters, have evolved multiple mechanisms to inactivate TP53, the most prevalent of which is the emergence of TP53 missense mutations, some of which have gain-of-function activities. Another important mechanism by which tumors bypass TP53 functions is via increased levels of two TP53 inhibitors, MDM2, and MDM4. Studies in humans and in mice reveal the complexity of TP53 regulation and the exquisite sensitivity of this pathway to small changes in regulation. Here, we summarize the factors that impinge on TP53 activity and thus cell death/arrest or tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Eischen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee
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Abstract
The roles of p53 as "guardian of the genome" are extensive, encompassing regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, and senescence - ultimately steering cells through a balance of death and proliferation. The majority of sporadic cancers exhibit loss of p53 activity due to mutations or deletions of TP53, and alterations in its signaling pathway. Germline TP53 mutations have been identified in a group of families exhibiting a rare but highly penetrant familial cancer syndrome, called the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). Between 60-80% of 'classic' LFS families carry mutant Trp53. The most frequent cancers observed are premenopausal breast cancer, bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, adrenal cortical carcinomas, and brain tumors. Penetrance is nearly 100% by age 70. Although TP53 is currently the only validated susceptibility locus recognized for LFS, recent studies have focused on the identification of genetic modifiers that may explain the wide phenotypic variability observed in LFS patients. Analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genome-wide copy number and telomere length have provided greater insight into the potential genetic modifiers of LFS. Moreover, the study of Trp53 mutant heterozygous mouse models has elucidated novel functions of p53, and offers insight into the mechanisms governing tumorigenesis in LFS. The key findings outlined in this chapter provide an overview of the molecular basis of LFS and the role of p53 in this unique heritable cancer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Merino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, M5G 1X8, Toronto, ON, Canada
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