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González-Quintana A, Trujillo-Tiebas MJ, Fernández-Perrone AL, Blázquez A, Lucia A, Morán M, Ugalde C, Arenas J, Ayuso C, Martín MA. Uniparental isodisomy as a cause of mitochondrial complex I respiratory chain disorder due to a novel splicing NDUFS4 mutation. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:341-348. [PMID: 33093004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is an underestimated cause of autosomal recessive disorders. In this study, we aim to raise awareness about the possibility of UPD in mitochondrial disorders - where it is a hardly described event -, by functionally characterizing a novel variant in a structural subunit of complex I (CI) of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Using next-generation sequencing, we identified a new intronic homozygous c.350 + 5G > A variant in the NDUFS4 gene in a one-year-old girl (being alive at the age of 7) belonging to a non-consanguineous family presenting with encephalopathy, psychomotor delay, lactic acidosis and a single CI deficiency, a less severe phenotype than those previously reported in most NDUFS4 patients. One parent lacked the variant, and microsatellite genotyping showed complete paternal uniparental isodisomy of the non-imprinted chromosome 5. We demonstrated in patient's skeletal muscle and fibroblasts splicing abnormalities, low expression of NDUFS4, undetectable NDUFS4 protein, defects in cellular respiration (decreased oxygen consumption and ATP production), and impaired assembly or stability of mitochondrial supercomplexes containing CI. Our findings support that c.350 + 5G > A variant is pathogenic, and reinforce that UPD, although rare, should be considered as a possible cause of mitochondrial diseases in order to provide accurate genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián González-Quintana
- Mitochondrial Diseases Laboratory, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Trujillo-Tiebas
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Blázquez
- Mitochondrial Diseases Laboratory, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Mitochondrial Diseases Laboratory, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Mitochondrial Diseases Laboratory, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Mitochondrial Diseases Laboratory, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Mitochondrial Diseases Laboratory, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Feng J, Zhou Q, Gao W, Wu Y, Mu R. Seeking for potential pathogenic genes of major depressive disorder in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2020; 12:e12379. [PMID: 31889427 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify potential pathological genes in MDD. METHODS We searched and downloaded gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MDD. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, Gene Ontology analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were applied to investigate the biological function of identified DEGs. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and a published dataset were used to validate the result of bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS A total of 514 DEGs were identified in MDD. In the PPI network, some hub genes with high degrees were identified, such as EEF2, RPL26L1, RPLP0, PRPF8, LSM3, DHX9, RSRC1, and AP2B1. The result of in vitro validation of RPL26L1, RSRC1, TOMM20L, RPLPO, PRPF8, AP2B1, STIP1, and C5orf45 was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Electronic validation of C5orf45, STIP1, PRPF8, AP2B1, and SLC35E1 was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. DISCUSSION The deregulated genes could be used as potential pathological factors of MDD. In addition, EEF2, RPL26L1, RPLP0, PRPF8, LSM3, DHX9, RSRC1, and AP2B1 might be therapeutic targets for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Pizhou Dongda Hospital, Pizhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Pizhou Dongda Hospital, Pizhou, China
| | - Wenquan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Pizhou Dongda Hospital, Pizhou, China
| | - Yanying Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Pizhou Dongda Hospital, Pizhou, China
| | - Ruibin Mu
- Department of Cardiology, Pizhou Dongda Hospital, Pizhou, China
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3
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Fernandez A, Drozd MM, Thümmler S, Dor E, Capovilla M, Askenazy F, Bardoni B. Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: A Systematic Overview of Its Genetic Heterogeneity From Classical Studies to the Genomic Era. Front Genet 2019; 10:1137. [PMID: 31921276 PMCID: PMC6930680 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), a very rare and severe chronic psychiatric condition, is defined by an onset of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations and disorganized speech or behavior) before the age of 13. COS is associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Copy number variations (CNVs) represent well documented neurodevelopmental disorder risk factors and, recently, de novo single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in genes involved in brain development have also been implicated in the complex genetic architecture of COS. Here, we aim to review the genetic changes (CNVs and SNVs) reported for COS, going from previous studies to the whole genome sequencing era. We carried out a systematic review search in PubMed using the keywords “childhood(early)-onset schizophrenia(psychosis)” and “genetic(s) or gene(s) or genomic(s)” without language and date limitations. The main inclusion criteria are COS (onset before 13 years old) and all changes/variations at the DNA level (CNVs or SNVs). Thirty-six studies out of 205 met the inclusion criteria. Cytogenetic abnormalities (n = 72, including 66 CNVs) were identified in 16 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes (X, Y), some with a higher frequency and clinical significance than others (e.g., 2p16.3, 3q29, 15q13.3, 22q11.21 deletions; 2p25.3, 3p25.3 and 16p11.2 duplications). Thirty-one single nucleotide mutations in genes principally involved in brain development and/or function have been found in 12 autosomes and one sex chromosome (X). We also describe five SNVs in X-linked genes inherited from a healthy mother, arguing for the X-linked recessive inheritance hypothesis. Moreover, ATP1A3 (19q13.2) is the only gene carrying more than one SNV in more than one patient, making it a strong candidate for COS. Mutations were distributed in various chromosomes illustrating the genetic heterogeneity of COS. More than 90% of CNVs involved in COS are also involved in ASD, supporting the idea that there may be genetic overlap between these disorders. Different mutations associated with COS are probably still unknown, and pathogenesis might also be explained by the association of different genetic variations (two or more CNVs or CNVs and SNVs) as well as association with early acquired brain lesions such as infection, hypoxia, or early childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fernandez
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's, Hospitals of NICE CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.,CoBTek, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Malgorzata Marta Drozd
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Susanne Thümmler
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's, Hospitals of NICE CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.,CoBTek, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dor
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's, Hospitals of NICE CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.,CoBTek, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Maria Capovilla
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Florence Askenazy
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's, Hospitals of NICE CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.,CoBTek, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
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4
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Park GY, Jang DH, Lee DW, Jang JH, Joo J. Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy 2B Caused by a Novel RETREG1 Mutation (c.765dupT) and Paternal Uniparental Isodisomy of Chromosome 5. Front Genet 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 31737055 PMCID: PMC6837162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) 2B is a rare disease and has been reported mostly in offspring of consanguineous parents. Here we report the case of a patient born to non-consanguineous parents who was diagnosed with HSAN 2B caused due to a novel frameshift mutation (NM_001034850.2: c.765dupT/p.Gly256TrpfsTer7) in the RETREG1 gene and paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 5. Uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 5 is also a rare condition, and these two rare events lead to homozygous expression of a recessive mutation, as in the present case. Clinicians should be aware that autosomal recessive disorders due to homozygous variants can occur because of uniparental disomy in offspring of non-consanguineous parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Young Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Joungsu Joo
- EONE-DIAGNOMICS Genome Center, Incheon, South Korea
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5
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Kunwar F, Pabst R, Bakshi S. Intrauterine growth restriction associated with paternal isodisomy of chromosome 5: a clinical report and literature survey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:1027-1029. [PMID: 30189761 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1506443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a condition where both the chromosomes are inherited from the same parent. The consequences of UPD can be ranging from normal to congenital anomaly depending on the parental origin and chromosome involved.Case characteristics: Here, we describe a case of 2-year-old male with central hypotonia, torticollis, and delayed motor skills born to a nonconsanguineous healthy parent. The proband was prenatally detected with paternal isodisomy 5 and birth was induced at 38 weeks of gestation due to intrauterine growth restriction. There was also confined placental mosaicism along with the isodisomy.Results: No major phenotypic correlation observed. This is the first case of paternal isodisomy 5 with phenotypically normal child.Conclusions: The present case supports the reports that genes on chromosome 5 are nonimprinted. The implications of abnormal genetic findings on genetic counseling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulesh Kunwar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Sonal Bakshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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6
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Reittinger AM, Helm BM, Boles DJ, Gadi IK, Schrier Vergano SA. A prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 5 reveals a postnatal complete uniparental disomy of chromosome 5 with multiple congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2528-2533. [PMID: 28653809 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic trisomy 5 is a very rare condition in liveborns, with few cases reported in the last four decades. There are some reports of prenatally diagnosed mosaic trisomy 5 resulting in phenotypically normal offspring, suggesting a low level of mosaicism, but there are also reports associated with multiple congenital anomalies, cardiovascular malformations, and intrauterine growth restriction. We report an infant male diagnosed with mosaic trisomy 5 (5/15 cells) via amniocentesis. The patient was subsequently found to have uniparental disomy 5 (UPD5) by postnatal chromosome microarray, but high-resolution chromosome analysis on peripheral blood did not identify trisomy 5. Dysmorphic features included a tall forehead with low anterior hairline, hypertelorism, low-set ears, and a prominent nose and midface. Other anomalies included bilateral bifid thumbs, hypospadias, a perineal fistula, unilateral multicystic kidney, and decreased subcutaneous fat with loose skin. He had complex congenital heart disease consisting of ventricular and atrial septal defects and polyvalvular defects. The patient died at age one after a prolonged admission. We add this case to the literature with the added benefit of data from a postnatal microarray, which was not available in other cases, to broaden the phenotype of mosaic trisomy 5 and UPD5.With the current available technology, we stress the importance of postnatal genetic testing to confirm prenatal cytogenetic findings in order to further define such phenotypes. This will provide the most accurate information and counseling to affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Reittinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Benjamin M Helm
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Debra J Boles
- Quest Diagnostics, Nichols Institute, Chantilly, Virginia
| | - Inder K Gadi
- Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.,Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
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7
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Zhang W, Zeng H, Huang Y, Xie T, Zheng J, Zhao X, Sheng H, Liu H, Liu L. Clinical,biochemical and molecular analysis of five Chinese patients with Sandhoff disease. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:861-7. [PMID: 27021291 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder of sphingolipid metabolism resulting from the deficiency of β-hexosaminidase (HEX). Mutations of the HEXB gene cause Sandhoff disease. In order to improve the diagnosis and expand the knowledge of the disease, we collected and analyzed relevant data of clinical diagnosis, biochemical investigation, and molecular mutational analysis in five Chinese patients with SD. The patients presented with heterogenous symptoms of neurologic deterioration. HEX activity in leukocytes was severely deficient. We identified seven different mutations, including three known mutations: IVS12-26G > A, p.T209I, p.I207V, and four novel mutations: p.P468PfsX62, p.L223P, p.Y463X, p.G549R. We also detected two different heterozygous mutations c.-122delC and c.-126C > T in the promoter which were suspected to be deleterious mutations. We attempted to correlate these mutations with the clinical presentation of the patients. Our study indicates that the mutation p.T209I and p.P468PfsX62 may link to the infantile form of SD. Our study expands the spectrum of genotype of SD in China, provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of SD and helps to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huasong Zeng
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonglan Huang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Jipeng Zheng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Huiying Sheng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
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8
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García MM, Velez C, Fenollar-Cortés M, Bustamante A, Lorda-Sanchez I, Soriano-Guillén L, Trujillo-Tiebas MJ. Paternal isodisomy of chromosome 5 in a patient with recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1075-8. [PMID: 24458706 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez García
- Servicio de Genética del Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Fujita A, Suzumura H, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Saitsu H, Harada N, Matsumoto N, Miyake N. A unique case of de novo 5q33.3-q34 triplication with uniparental isodisomy of 5q34-qter. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1904-9. [PMID: 23824987 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
De novo triplication together with uniparental disomy (UPD) is a rare genomic rearrangement, and, to our knowledge, co-occurrence has previously only been reported in two individuals. We encountered a patient with a suspected karyotype of 46,XX,del(5)(q33.1q33.3),dup(5)(q31.3q33.3) or (q33.1q35.1). Genetic analysis revealed tetrasomy of 5q33.3-q34 caused by de novo middle inverted triplication and uniparental isodisomy of 5q34-qter. Most clinical features in the patient were observed in previously reported cases of duplication overlapping with 5q33.3-q34, with the exception of hearing loss. The FOXI1 gene, which causes autosomal recessive deafness (OMIM 600791, DFNB4) when mutated, was contained within the uniparental isodisomy region (5q34-qter). However, no mutations were identified following Sanger sequencing of FOXI1. This is the first report of a patient with de novo triplication together with uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 5q. As segmental isodisomy is a post-fertilization error, it is thought to have occurred during mitosis just after fertilization via a U-type exchange, while inverted duplication could have occurred during meiosis or mitosis. This study reaffirms that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array is a powerful tool to screen for UPD in a single experiment, especially in cases of isodisomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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10
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11
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Griesi-Oliveira K, Moreira DDP, Davis-Wright N, Sanders S, Mason C, Orabona GM, Vadasz E, Bertola DR, State MW, Passos-Bueno MR. A complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 2, 5, and X in autism spectrum disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:529-36. [PMID: 22592906 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a female patient with autism spectrum disorder and dysmorphic features that harbors a complex genetic alteration, involving a de novo balanced translocation t(2;X)(q11;q24), a 5q11 segmental trisomy and a maternally inherited isodisomy on chromosome 5. All the possibly damaging genetic effects of such alterations are discussed. In light of recent findings on ASD genetic causes, the hypothesis that all these alterations might be acting in orchestration and contributing to the phenotype is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Griesi-Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Lund H, Nyegaard M, Svarrer T, Grove A, Sunde L. A major imprinted gene involved in hydatidiform mole is not located in 2q31.2-qter or 5q34-qter. Gene 2012; 497:280-4. [PMID: 22336177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal human pregnancy, characterised by absent or abnormal embryonic differentiation, vesicular chorionic villi and trophoblastic hyperplasia. Although the mole phenotype has hereto not been correlated to mutations in the molar genome, the aetiology for hydatidiform moles clearly is genetic: Most molar genomes analysed either have had a relative excess of paternal genome sets relative to maternal genome sets, or a global error in maternally imprinted genes, giving them a "paternal pattern". However it remains yet to be specified which gene(s) in the molar genome actually causes the molar phenotype when present in a state of "paternal excess" or "maternal deficiency". MATERIAL AND METHODS A molar pregnancy in a woman with a balanced translocation (t(2;5) was subjected to histopathological evaluation and genetic analyses of ploidy and parental origin of the genome. RESULTS Morphology: Partial hydatidiform mole. Karyotyping of metaphase chromosomes: 69,XXY,der(5)t(2;5)(q23;q33)mat. SNP array analysis mapped the breakpoints to 2q31.2 (genome position 179Mb) and 5q34 (genome position 165Mb). DNA microsatellite marker analysis showed that for the regions not involved in the translocation, the conceptus had two paternal and one maternal allele(s). Telomeric to the breakpoint on chromosome 2, the mole had two paternal and two maternal alleles and telomeric to the breakpoint on chromosome 5 the mole had paternal alleles, exclusively. CONCLUSIONS If the molar phenotype is caused by paternal excess of one gene, only, it is unlikely that this gene is located telomeric to genome position 179Mb on chromosome 2. And similarly, if the phenotype complete mole is caused by the presence of exclusively paternally imprinted alleles of one gene, this gene is not located telomeric to genome position 165Mb on chromosome 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Lund
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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13
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Graw SL, Swisshelm K, Floyd K, Carstens BJ, Wamboldt MZ, Ross RG, Leonard S. Isochromosome 13 in a patient with childhood-onset schizophrenia, ADHD, and motor tic disorder. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:2. [PMID: 22214315 PMCID: PMC3274485 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small percentage of all cases of schizophrenia have a childhood onset. The impact on the individual and family can be devastating. We report the results of genetic analyses from a patient with onset of visual hallucinations at 5 years, and a subsequent diagnosis at 9 years of schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with hyperactivity and impulsivity, and chronic motor tic disorder. RESULTS Karyotypic analysis found 45,XX,i(13)(q10) in all cells examined. Alpha satellite FISH of isochromosome 13 revealed a large unsplit centromeric region, interpreted as two centromeres separated by minimal or undetectable short-arm material or as a single monocentric centromere, indicating that the isochromosome likely formed post-zygotically by a short arm U-type or centromeric exchange. Characterization of chromosome 13 simple tandem repeats and Affymetrix whole-genome 6.0 SNP array hybridization found homozygosity for all markers, and the presence of only a single paternal allele in informative markers, consistent with an isodisomic isochromosome of paternal origin. Analysis of two chromosome 13 schizophrenia candidate genes, D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A (5-HTR2A), failed to identify non-synonymous coding mutations but did identify homozygous risk polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS We report a female patient with childhood-onset schizophrenia, ADHD, and motor tic disorder associated with an isodisomic isochromosome 13 of paternal origin and a 45,XX,i(13)(q10q10) karyotype. We examined two potential mechanisms to explain chromosome 13 involvement in the patient's pathology, including reduction to homozygosity of a paternal mutation and reduction to homozygosity of a paternal copy number variation, but were unable to identify any overtly pathogenic abnormality. Future studies may consider whether epigenetic mechanisms resulting from uniparental disomy (UPD) and the lack of chromosome 13 maternal alleles lead to the patient's features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Graw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karen Swisshelm
- Colorado Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten Floyd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Billie J Carstens
- Colorado Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marianne Z Wamboldt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Randall G Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sherry Leonard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Research Service, Denver, CO, USA
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Ono S, Imamura A, Tasaki S, Kurotaki N, Ozawa H, Yoshiura KI, Okazaki Y. Failure to confirm CNVs as of aetiological significance in twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Twin Res Hum Genet 2010; 13:455-60. [PMID: 20874467 DOI: 10.1375/twin.13.5.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are common structural variations in the human genome that strongly affect genomic diversity and can play a role in the development of several diseases, including neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent reports indicate that monozygotic twins can show differential CNV profiles. We searched CNVs in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia to identify susceptible loci for schizophrenia. Three pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia were subjected to analysis. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. We adopted the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) Array 6.0 to detect copy number discordance using Partek Genomics Suite 6.5 beta. In three twin pairs, however, validations by quantitative PCR and DNA sequencing revealed that none of the regions had any discordance between the three twin pairs. Our results support the hypothesis that epigenetic changes or fluctuation in developmental process triggered by environmental factors mainly contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia caused by strong genetics factors including copy number alteration or gene mutation may be a small subset of the clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ono
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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15
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Eckstrand K, Addington AM, Stromberg T, Merriman B, Miller R, Gochman P, Long R, Dutra A, Chen Z, Meltzer P, Nelson SF, Rapoport JL. Sex chromosome anomalies in childhood onset schizophrenia: an update. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:910-1. [PMID: 18800051 PMCID: PMC4316819 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Eckstrand
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anjené M. Addington
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed.
| | - Thomas Stromberg
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barry Merriman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Miller
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Gochman
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Long
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amalia Dutra
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zugen Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley F. Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judith L. Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Walsh T, McClellan JM, McCarthy SE, Addington AM, Pierce SB, Cooper GM, Nord AS, Kusenda M, Malhotra D, Bhandari A, Stray SM, Rippey CF, Roccanova P, Makarov V, Lakshmi B, Findling RL, Sikich L, Stromberg T, Merriman B, Gogtay N, Butler P, Eckstrand K, Noory L, Gochman P, Long R, Chen Z, Davis S, Baker C, Eichler EE, Meltzer PS, Nelson SF, Singleton AB, Lee MK, Rapoport JL, King MC, Sebat J. Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia. Science 2008; 320:539-43. [PMID: 18369103 DOI: 10.1126/science.1155174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1283] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications >100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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17
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Karoutzou G, Emrich HM, Dietrich DE. The myelin-pathogenesis puzzle in schizophrenia: a literature review. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:245-60. [PMID: 17925796 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious and disabling mental disorder with symptoms such as auditory hallucinations, disordered thinking and delusions, avolition, anhedonia, blunted affect and apathy. In this review article we seek to present the current scientific findings from linkage studies and susceptible genes and the pathophysiology of white matter in schizophrenia. The article has been reviewed in two parts. The first part deals with the linkage studies and susceptible genes in schizophrenia in order to have a clear-cut picture of the involvement of chromosomes and their genes in schizophrenia. The genetic linkage results seem to be replicated in some cases but in others are not. From these results, we cannot draw a fine map to a single locus or gene, leading to the conclusion that schizophrenia is not caused by a single factor/gene. In the second part of the article we present the oligodendrocyte-related genes that are associated with schizophrenia, as we hypothesize a potential role of oligodendrocyte-related genes in the pathology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karoutzou
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of the spreading of X inactivation in a girl with microcephaly, mild dysmorphic features and t(X;5)(q22.1;q31.1). Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 16:897-905. [PMID: 18301446 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation involves initiation, propagation, and maintenance of gene inactivation. Studies of replication pattern and timing in X;autosome translocations have suggested that X inactivation may spread to autosomal DNA. To examine this phenomenon at the molecular level, we have tested the transcriptional activity of a number of chromosome 5 loci in a female subject with microcephaly, mild dysmorphic features and 46,X,der(X)t(X;5)(q22.1;q31.1) karyotype. RT-PCR analysis of 20 transcribed sequences spanning 5q31.1-qter revealed that nine of them were not expressed in somatic cell hybrid clones carrying the translocated chromosome. However, eight genes were expressed and therefore escaped inactivation. This direct expression test demonstrates that spreading of inactivation from the X chromosome to the adjoining autosomal DNA was incomplete and 'patchy'. Inactivation was associated in most instances to methylation of the CpG sequences in genes containing CpG islands, but was also present in CpG islandless genes. These results agree with those obtained for other X;autosome translocations and demonstrate that autosomes are partially resistant to Xist-mediated spreading and/or maintenance of inactivation. Repeat distribution analysis does not suggest an association between L1 and LINE repeat density on chromosome 5 and gene inactivation. The expression data may also explain why the proband manifests an attenuated clinical phenotype compared to subjects with partial chromosome 5 trisomy.
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19
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Abstract
Early onset schizophrenia (with onset before adulthood) represents a rarer and possibly more severe form of the disorder which has received particular attention in the last two decades. Current evidence strongly suggest continuity with adult onset schizophrenia, with phenomenological, cognitive, genetic and neuroimaging data pointing towards similar neurobiological correlates and clinical deficits but worse long term outcome. Future research in early onset cases is likely to increase further our insight into the neurodevelopmental origins of schizophrenia and the complex gene-environment interactions affecting its emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Kyriakopoulos
- Section of Neurobiology of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, King's College, London, UK
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Sanna-Cherchi S, Caridi G, Weng PL, Scolari F, Perfumo F, Gharavi AG, Ghiggeri GM. Genetic approaches to human renal agenesis/hypoplasia and dysplasia. Pediatr Nephrol 2007; 22:1675-84. [PMID: 17437132 PMCID: PMC1994209 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-007-0479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract are frequently observed in children and represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. These conditions are phenotypically variable, often affecting several segments of the urinary tract simultaneously, making clinical classification and diagnosis difficult. Renal agenesis/hypoplasia and dysplasia account for a significant portion of these anomalies, and a genetic contribution to its cause is being increasingly recognized. Nevertheless, overlap between diseases and challenges in clinical diagnosis complicate studies attempting to discover new genes underlying this anomaly. Most of the insights in kidney development derive from studies in mouse models or from rare, syndromic forms of human developmental disorders of the kidney and urinary tract. The genes implicated have been shown to regulate the reciprocal induction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. Strategies to find genes causing renal agenesis/hypoplasia and dysplasia vary depending on the characteristics of the study population available. The approaches range from candidate gene association or resequencing studies to traditional linkage studies, using outbred pedigrees or genetic isolates, to search for structural variation in the genome. Each of these strategies has advantages and pitfalls and some have led to significant discoveries in human disease. However, renal agenesis/hypoplasia and dysplasia still represents a challenge, both for the clinicians who attempt a precise diagnosis and for the geneticist who tries to unravel the genetic basis, and a better classification requires molecular definition to be retrospectively improved. The goal appears to be feasible with the large multicentric collaborative groups that share the same objectives and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patricia L. Weng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Francesco Scolari
- Division and Chair of Nephrology, Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ali G. Gharavi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
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