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Alves G, Troco AD, Seixas G, Pabst R, Francisco A, Pedro C, Garcia L, Martins JF, Lopes S. Molecular and entomological surveillance of malaria vectors in urban and rural communities of Benguela Province, Angola. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:112. [PMID: 38448968 PMCID: PMC10918887 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a major public health problem in Angola, with Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and An. funestus s.l. being the primary vectors. This study aimed to clarify the information gaps concerning local Anopheles mosquito populations. Our objectives were to assess their abundance, geographical dispersion, and blood-feeding patterns. We also investigated their insecticide resistance. Molecular methods were used to identify sibling species, determine the origin of blood meals, measure Plasmodium falciparum infection rates, and detect the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations. METHODS Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors using CDC light traps from nine randomly selected households at two sentinel sites with distinct ecological characteristics. The samples were collected from 1 February to 30 June 2022. Anopheles mosquitoes were morphologically identified and subjected to molecular identification. Unfed Anopheles females were tested for the presence of P. falciparum DNA in head and thorax, and engorged females were screened for the source of the blood meals. Additionally, members of An. gambiae complex were genotyped for the presence of the L1014F and L1014S kdr mutations. RESULTS In total, 2226 adult mosquitoes were collected, including 733 Anopheles females. Molecular identification revealed the presence of Anopheles coluzzii, An. gambiae senso stricto (s.s.), An. arabiensis, and An. funestus s.s. Notably, there was the first record of An. coluzzii/An. gambiae s.s. hybrid and An. vaneedeni in Benguela Province. Plasmodium falciparum infection rates for An. coluzzii at the urban sentinel site and An. funestus s.s. at the rural site were 23.1% and 5.7%, respectively. The L1014F kdr mutation was discovered in both resistant and susceptible An. coluzzii mosquitoes, while the L1014S mutation was detected in An. gambiae s.s. for the first time in Benguela Province. No kdr mutations were found in An. arabiensis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the molecular characteristics of malaria vectors from the province of Benguela, emphasising the need for continuous surveillance of local Anopheles populations regarding the establishment of both kdr mutations for tailoring vector control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Alves
- The Mentor Initiative, Burns House, Harlands Road, Haywards Heath, RH16 1PG, UK.
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Arlete Dina Troco
- The Mentor Initiative, Burns House, Harlands Road, Haywards Heath, RH16 1PG, UK
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rebecca Pabst
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Cani Pedro
- National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Luzala Garcia
- National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | | | - Sergio Lopes
- The Mentor Initiative, Burns House, Harlands Road, Haywards Heath, RH16 1PG, UK
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Pabst R, Debertin AS, Todt-Brenneke M, Herden A, Schmiedl A. The postnatal development of the compartments in human lymph nodes up to 15 years of age. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152140. [PMID: 37499700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal development of normal human lymph nodes (LN) is largely unknown but is of relevance for intranodal desensitization and for comparison to lymphoma. Superficial inguinal lymphoid (LN) of 25 children (newborn up to 14 years) were studied by routine histology and immunohistology for T and B lymphocytes. The LN were obtained from the legal medicine department at necropsy. The cortex and medulla were identifiable in LN of children of less than 1 month of age. Later high endothelial venules as typical structures for the T cell area are present. Secondary follicles were obvious from 3 months of age onwards in lymph nodes of adolescents also the histology of the LN was similar to adults. The structural elements for an intranodal desensitization are given in human children. The normal development of LN structure is essential to identify pathology like lymphoma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pabst
- Institute of Immunomorphology, Germany.
| | | | | | - A Herden
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - A Schmiedl
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
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Pabst R, Dias FS, Borda-de-Água L, Rodríguez-González PM, Capinha C. Assessing and Predicting the Distribution of Riparian Invasive Plants in Continental Portugal. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.875578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of alien plant species is growing steadily across all world regions. These numbers tend to be exceptionally high in riparian ecosystems, often with substantial negative consequences for native species communities and ecosystem services provision. Here, we map the richness of invasive alien plant species in riparian ecosystems of continental Portugal, assess the relative importance of human and natural factors in shaping the uncovered patterns, and predict richness values along watercourses and at the municipal level for the whole study area. We found a higher richness of invasive alien plants in low altitudes and in downstream areas where human concentration is high. As time progresses, ongoing and increasing levels of socio-economic activity and globalization of plant trade will conceivably lead to a higher number of alien species becoming established. National and sub-national measures aiming to prevent and manage biological invasions in riparian ecosystems require coordinated efforts involving both local entities and those with responsibilities in the management of upstream catchment areas. These efforts must also be targeted to achieve future biodiversity protection goals as part of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.
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Kunwar F, Pabst R, Bakshi S. Intrauterine growth restriction associated with paternal isodisomy of chromosome 5: a clinical report and literature survey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:1027-1029. [PMID: 30189761 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1506443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a condition where both the chromosomes are inherited from the same parent. The consequences of UPD can be ranging from normal to congenital anomaly depending on the parental origin and chromosome involved.Case characteristics: Here, we describe a case of 2-year-old male with central hypotonia, torticollis, and delayed motor skills born to a nonconsanguineous healthy parent. The proband was prenatally detected with paternal isodisomy 5 and birth was induced at 38 weeks of gestation due to intrauterine growth restriction. There was also confined placental mosaicism along with the isodisomy.Results: No major phenotypic correlation observed. This is the first case of paternal isodisomy 5 with phenotypically normal child.Conclusions: The present case supports the reports that genes on chromosome 5 are nonimprinted. The implications of abnormal genetic findings on genetic counseling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulesh Kunwar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Sonal Bakshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Pabst R, Linke PB, Neudeck NBA, Schmiel M, Ernst SB. [Start-up grants for young scientists in German medical universities : Can the clinical scientist be saved?]. Chirurg 2018; 87:1039-1045. [PMID: 27734092 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-016-0300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND German medical faculties currently have severe financial problems. There is the conflict between financing teaching medical students, inpatient and outpatient costs and supporting basic and applied research. METHODS Young postdocs can apply for a grant to start research projects to establish techniques on publishing data as a basis for applying for grants from the German Research Foundation or foundations with a critical review system. Successful applicants from the years 1998-2011 were asked to answer a questionnaire. RESULTS The annual number of applications ranged from 28 to 96 per year. Within the first period of our analysis ranging from 1998 to 2004, a mean number of 69.5 % ± 14.0 % of submitted grant applications were approved annually in comparison to an average approval of 30.9 % ± 11 % in the years 2006-2001. In total 353 projects were funded with a mean amount of money for a project of approximately 18,640 EUR. The mean amount of external grant money following the start-up period was 7.2 times the money initially spent. That is an excellent return of investment. There were no differences between applicants from the department of surgery or department of internal medicine. In the meantime, 56 % of men and 42 % of women have achieved the academic degree university lecturer (privatdozent). Furthermore, 71 % of the participants evaluated this start-up research as supportive for their postdoctoral qualification (habilitation). CONCLUSION The program for initial investment for young postdocs by internal start-up grants is overall successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pabst
- Institut für Immunmorphologie Zentrum Anatomie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - P B Linke
- Forschungsdekanat, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - N B A Neudeck
- Forschungsdekanat, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - M Schmiel
- Bibliothek, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - S B Ernst
- Institut für Biometrie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
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Allyse M, Aypar U, Bonhomme N, Darilek S, Dougherty M, Farrell R, Grody W, Highsmith WE, Michie M, Nunes M, Otto L, Pabst R, Palomaki G, Runke C, Sharp RR, Skotko B, Stoll K, Wick M. Offering Prenatal Screening in the Age of Genomic Medicine: A Practical Guide. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:755-761. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Allyse
- Biomedical Ethics Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Umut Aypar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Natasha Bonhomme
- Expecting Health, Genetic Alliance, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sandra Darilek
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Dougherty
- American Society of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ruth Farrell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wayne Grody
- Divisions of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Human Genetics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - W. Edward Highsmith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marsha Michie
- Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Nunes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Laura Otto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rebecca Pabst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Glenn Palomaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Cassandra Runke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Brian Skotko
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katie Stoll
- Genetic Support Foundation, Olympia, Washington
| | - Myra Wick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Pabst R, Miller LA, Hyde DM. Organisiertes lymphatisches Gewebe in der Lunge vom Rhesusaffen. Einfluss von Alter und Langzeitexposition von Ozon oder Hausstaubmilbenextrakt. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pabst R. Nose-associated-lymphoid-tissue (NALT) – Struktur und Speziesvergleich: Eine sinnvolle Route zur Schleimhautimmunisierung? Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1552911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pabst R. Nose-associated-lymphoid-tissue (NALT) Struktur und Speziesvergleich. Eine sinnvolle Route zur Schleimhautimmunisierung? Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zidan M, Pabst R. Histology and ultrastructure of the lymph nodes of the buffalo (Bos bubalus). Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 44:161-7. [PMID: 24810142 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pre-scapular, femoral and mesenteric lymph nodes from five buffalo calves and five buffalo bulls were studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. The nodes were surrounded with a thin capsule of dense connective tissue and smooth muscles. Subcapsular and trabecular lymphatic sinuses were lined with endothelial cells resting on a basement membrane. The cortex was formed by lymphoid follicles and inter-follicular lymphocytes. Primary and secondary follicles were observed. The medulla was made up of medullary cords of lymphocytes separated by lymphatic sinuses. These sinuses were lined with a discontinuous epithelium and interestingly crossed by reticular fibres. High endothelial venules were found in the paracortical area. Several lymphocytes were observed infiltrating the wall of these venules. The lymph nodes of the Egyptian water buffalo showed a typical structure compared with the majority of mammals, with no age-related structural variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zidan
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Elbehera, 22758, Egypt
| | - R Pabst
- Institute of Immunomorphology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Dettmer S, Schmiedl A, Meyer S, Giesemann A, Pabst R, Weidemann J, Wacker FK, Kirchhoff T. Radiological anatomy - evaluation of integrative education in radiology. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:838-43. [PMID: 23888474 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1335048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation and analysis of the integrative course "Radiological Anatomy" established since 2007 at the Medical School Hannover (MHH) in comparison with conventional education. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anatomy and radiology are usually taught separately with a considerable time lag. Interdisciplinary teaching of these associated subjects seems logical for several reasons. Therefore, the integrative course "Radiological Anatomy" was established in the second year of medical education, combining these two closely related subjects. This interdisciplinary course was retrospectively evaluated by consideration of a student questionnaire and staff observations. The advantages and disadvantages of integrative teaching in medical education are discussed. RESULTS The course ratings were excellent (median 1; mean 1.3 on a scale of 1 to 6). This is significantly (p < 0.001) better than the average of all evaluated courses in the respective term (grade 2.8). The course improved the anatomical comprehension (90 %) and the students stated that the topics were relevant for their future medical education (90 %). Furthermore, interest in the subject's anatomy and radiology increased during the course (88 %). According to the students' suggestions the course was enhanced by a visitation in the Department of Radiology and the additional topic central nervous system. CONCLUSION Integrative teaching of anatomy and radiology was well received by the students. Both, anatomical and radiological comprehension and the motivation to learn were improved. However, it should be considered, that the amount of work and time required by the teaching staff is considerably increased compared to traditional teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dettmer
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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Pabst R. BALT bei Kindern und Erwachsenen - ein Beispiel für die Altersentwicklung des Immunsystems der Lunge. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pabst R, Park DH, Paulmann V. [The German academic degree "Dr. med." is better than its reputation. Results of a questionnaire of doctoral students]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2012; 137:2311-5. [PMID: 23111793 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently there were mostly emotional debates about the scientific background and relevance of the German academic title "Dr. med.", while objective data are scarce. METHODS When submitting their doctoral thesis at the Medical School of Hannover students were asked anonymously about the type, topic, duration, quality of supervision as well as frequency and type of publication of the results. RESULTS 180 doctoral candidates (62% women) participated in the study. The supervision was graded as good by the majority of students. The duration working on the thesis was equivalent to 47 weeks of a full time employment. There was some negative influence in participating in lectures and courses. Nearly all participants (98%) would recommend younger students to work on a dissertation as they had done themselves in parallel to the curriculum. The ability of how to interprete scientific data was assumed to be positively influenced. About two thirds stated that the results had been published in original articles at the time of submitting the thesis. CONCLUSIONS More data from other medical faculties are needed to document the relevance of the medical dissertation to replace the emotional by a more rational debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pabst
- Institut für Immunmorphologie, Zentrum Anatomie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
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Tschernig T, Thrane L, Jørgensen TM, Thommes J, Pabst R, Yelbuz TM. An elegant technique for ex vivo imaging in experimental research-Optical coherence tomography (OCT). Ann Anat 2012; 195:25-7. [PMID: 22947371 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an elegant technology for imaging of tissues and organs and has been established for clinical use for around a decade. Thus, it is used in vivo but can also serve as a valuable ex vivo imaging tool in experimental research. Here, a brief overview is given with a focus on an ex vivo application of OCT. Image and video examples of freshly obtained murine lungs are included. The main advantage of OCT for ex vivo analysis is the non-contact, non-invasive, and non-destructive fast acquisition of a three-dimensional data set with micrometer-resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Pabst R. Das bronchus-assoziierte Gewebe (BALT) ist auch beim Kaninchen kein sekundär lymphatisches Organ, sondern durch Umwelteinflüsse indiziert. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hadamitzky C, Pabst R, Vogt PM, Radtke C. Treatment options for head and neck lymphoedema after tumour resection and radiotherapy. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011; 64:1226-7. [PMID: 21705291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hadamitzky
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Tasic T, Bäumer W, Schmiedl A, Schwichtenhövel F, Pabst R, Raap U, von Hörsten S, Stephan M. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) deficiency increases Th1-driven allergic contact dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1098-107. [PMID: 21672052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD26 or dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is known to be involved in several immunological processes and has recently been reported to play a crucial role in the allergic responses of the lungs. OBJECTIVES To explore the impact of DPP4 on the allergic response of the skin. METHODS Skin biopsies from patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD) and healthy controls were investigated for the expression of CD26/DPP4. Furthermore, the functional impact of CD26 was investigated in two models of contact hypersensitivity using CD26/DPP4-deficient and wild-type rats. Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was used to induce a T helper type 1 (Th1)-dominated inflammation and toluene-2,3-diisocyanate for a Th2-pronounced inflammation. The inflammatory responses were determined by histological quantification, flow cytometry [fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)], and an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). RESULTS CD26/DPP4-expression was up-regulated in the lesional skin biopsies of patients compared with healthy controls as well as in both models of contact hypersensitivity. However, in the more Th2-driven model, a reduced inflammatory skin response was found in CD26/DPP4-deficient rats, analogous to the effects observed recently in a rat model of asthma. In partial contrast, there was an aggravation of local skin inflammation in CD26/DPP4-deficient rats under conditions of Th1-like skin inflammation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The up-regulation of CD26 in atopic dermatitis represents a new finding, which has also been seen in other inflammatory skin diseases. However, tissue expression of CD26/DPP4 in immunological skin response can either be beneficial or aggravating, depending on a possible Th1/Th2 shift. This might have consequences for humans suffering from diabetes mellitus treated by DPP4 inhibitors, who have eczematous skin diseases as a co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tasic
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Schmiedl A, Krainski J, Schwichtenhövel F, Schade J, Klemann C, Raber KA, Zscheppang K, Beekmann T, Acevedo C, Glaab T, Wedekind D, Pabst R, von Hörsten S, Stephan M. Reduced airway inflammation in CD26/DPP4-deficient F344 rats is associated with altered recruitment patterns of regulatory T cells and expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 40:1794-808. [PMID: 20560982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD26 is highly expressed on lung epithelial cells as well as on immune cells. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation induces a further increase of CD26 expression. CD26-deficient rat strains exhibit blunted clinical courses in models of experimental asthma. OBJECTIVE (1) To investigate the involvement of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the surfactant system in a rat model of genetic CD26 deficiency. (2) To investigate regulatory mechanisms dependent on the endogenous CD26 expression. (3) To investigate the impact of CD26 on surfactant protein (SP)-levels under inflammatory conditions. METHODS Wild-type and CD26-deficient F344 rats were sensitized to and challenged with OVA. Subsequently, airway inflammation, SP levels as well as surface tension of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were evaluated. RESULTS CD26 deficiency led to decreased airway inflammation, e.g. reduced numbers of eosinophils and activated T cells in the BAL. Remarkably, the CD26-deficient rats exhibited a significantly increased influx of FoxP3(+) Tregs into the lungs and increased IL-10-secretion/production by draining lymph node cells in culture experiments. Furthermore, in OVA-challenged CD26-deficient rats, the increase of the expression of the collectins SP-A and SP-D as well as of the surface tension-active SP-B was significantly less pronounced than in the CD26-positive strain. Only in the wild-type rats, functional alterations of the surfactant system, e.g. the increased surface tension were obvious after OVA challenge. CONCLUSION Reduced airway inflammation in CD26-deficient F344 rats appear to be mediated by differences in the recruitment and activity of Tregs. This altered inflammation is associated with differences in the SP expression as well as function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmiedl
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Nose- and larynx associated lymphatic tissues (NALT and LALT) vary markedly between humans, rats and mice. NALT of rats and mice is formed by paired lymphoid aggregates in the nasal cavity, while it consists of individual mucosa associated lymphoid follicles throughout the nose in humans. In addition to NALT, tonsils are present in humans, but not in rats and mice. In the larynx, LALT can be found in humans, but not in rats. Size and functionality of NALT, tonsils and LALT vary with age. The extrapolation of data obtained from rodents to humans should be carefully evaluated due to these differences. The term common mucosal immune system should replaced by the term "integrated" MALT and the immunological differences between respiratory and digestive tract should always be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pabst
- Institut für Immunmorphologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover.
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Reinhold P, Grützenmache S, Pabst R, Koch R, Schulz R, Kirschvink N, Oechtering GU, Lippert JP, Fey K, Rosenbruch M. [Species-specific comparison of upper airways]. Pneumologie 2010; 64:442. [PMID: 20632235 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kerber-Momot T, Leemhuis D, Lührmann A, Munder A, Schmiedl A, Tschernig T, Pabst R. Einfluss eines TLR2/6 Agonisten auf die Immunreaktionen der Lunge nach Infektion mit Pseudomonas aeruginosa im Infektionsmodell der Ratte. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hupa K, Stephan M, Pabst R, Hörsten SV, Schmiedl A. Maternale Deprivation führt DPP4-abhängig zu einer Verzögerung der morphologischen Lungenausreifung in F344 Ratten. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schade J, Schmiedl A, Kehlen A, Veres TZ, Stephan M, Pabst R, von Hörsten S. Airway-specific recruitment of T cells is reduced in a CD26-deficient F344 rat substrain. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:133-42. [PMID: 19737240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the airways. Increased levels of T cells are found in the lungs after the induction of an allergic-like inflammation in rats, and flow cytometry studies have shown that these levels are reduced in CD26-deficient rats. However, the precise anatomical sites where these newly recruited T cells appear primarily are unknown. Therefore, we quantified the distribution of T cells in lung parenchyma as well as in large, medium and small airways using immunohistochemical stainings combined with morphometric analyses. The number of T cells increased after the induction of an allergic-like inflammation. However, the differences between CD26-deficient and wild-type rats were not attributable to different cell numbers in the lung parenchyma, but the medium- and large-sized bronchi revealed significantly fewer T cells in CD26-deficient rats. These sites of T cell recruitment were screened further using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with regard to two hypotheses: (i) involvement of the nervous system or (ii) expression of chemokines with properties of a T cell attractor. No topographical association was found between nerves and T cells, but a differential transcription of chemokines was revealed in bronchi and parenchyma. Thus, the site-specific recruitment of T cells appears to be a process mediated by chemokines rather than nerve-T cell interactions. In conclusion, this is the first report showing a differential site-specific recruitment of T cells to the bronchi in a CD26-deficient rat substrain during an asthma-like inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schade
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Shiang C, Mauad T, Senhorini A, de Araújo BB, Ferreira DS, da Silva LFF, Dolhnikoff M, Tsokos M, Rabe KF, Pabst R. Pulmonary periarterial inflammation in fatal asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1499-507. [PMID: 19486035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, little information has been available about pulmonary artery pathology in asthma. The pulmonary artery supplies the distal parts of the lungs and likely represents a site of immunological reaction in allergic inflammation. The objective of this study was to describe the inflammatory cell phenotype of pulmonary artery adventitial inflammation in lung tissue from patients who died of asthma. METHODS We quantified the different inflammatory cell types in the periarterial region of small pulmonary arteries in lung tissue from 22 patients who died of asthma [fatal asthma (FA)] and 10 control subjects. Using immunohistochemistry and image analysis, we quantified the cell density for T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8), B lymphocytes (CD20), eosinophils, mast cells (chymase and tryptase), and neutrophils in the adventitial layer of pulmonary arteries with a diameter smaller than 500 microm. RESULTS Our data (median/interquartile range) demonstrated increased cell density of mast cells [FA=271.8 (148.7) cells/mm2; controls=177.0 (130.3) cells/mm2, P=0.026], eosinophils [FA=23.1 (58.6) cells/mm2; controls=0.0 (2.3) cells/mm2, P=0.012], and neutrophils [FA=50.4 (85.5) cells/mm2; controls=2.9 (30.5) cells/mm2, P=0.009] in the periarterial space in FA. No significant differences were found for B and T lymphocytes or CD4+ or CD8+ subsets. Chymase/tryptase positive (MCCT) mast cells predominated over tryptase (MCT) mast cells in the perivascular arterial space in both asthma patients and controls [MCCT/(MCCT+MCT)=0.91 (0-1) in FA and 0.75 (0-1) in controls, P=0.86]. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the adventitial layer of the pulmonary artery participates in the inflammatory process in FA, demonstrating increased infiltration of mast cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils, but not of T and B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Blum KS, Hadamitzky C, Gratz KF, Pabst R. Effects of autotransplanted lymph node fragments on the lymphatic system in the pig model. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 120:59-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reppe K, Tschernig T, Lührmann A, van Laak V, Grote K, Gutbier B, Müller HC, Kursar M, Schütte H, Rosseau S, Pabst R, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M. Pulmonale Immunstimulation mit MALP-2 vermindert die Mortalität der Pneumokokkenpneumonie in der Maus. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Reppe K, Tschernig T, Lührmann A, van Laack V, Grote K, Zemlin MV, Gutbier B, Müller HC, Kursar M, Schütte H, Rosseau S, Pabst R, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M. Pulmonale Immunstimulation mit MALP-2 vermindert die Mortalität der Pneumokokkenpneumonie in der Maus. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hecke F, Steinwede K, Mühlradt PF, Pabst R, Ehlers S, Dorsch M, Maus U, Tschernig T. Tuberkulose im Tiermodell: Einfluss von MALP-2 auf eine Infektion mit M. bovis BCG. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmiedl A, Lührmann A, Pabst R, Koslowski R. Increased Surfactant Protein A and D Expression in Acute Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Brown Norway Rats. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009; 148:118-26. [DOI: 10.1159/000155742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Klemann C, Schade J, Pabst R, Leitner S, Stiller J, von Hörsten S, Stephan M. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4-deficiency alters thymic emigration patterns and leukcocyte subsets in F344-rats age-dependently. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 155:357-65. [PMID: 19055685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DPP4) rapidly truncates incretins N-terminally, including glucagon-like peptide-1, DPP4-inhibitors have been developed for treatment of diabetes type 2. To some extent this is surprising, as CD26/DPP4 is also deeply involved in immune regulation. Long-term pharmacological studies are hampered by off-target inhibition of DPP4-homologues. Therefore, we studied the effects of genetic CD26/DPP4-deficiency by investigating blood, spleen and thymus leucocyte subpopulations of wild-type and CD26-deficient F344-rats at different ages. In young animals at 1 and 3 months of age, there were no differences in leucocyte subsets, while in older animals the T cell composition was changed significantly. From the age of 6 months onwards, reduced numbers of recent thymic emigrants and memory T cells, and consequently an increased amount of naive T cells were observed in CD26-deficient rats. In addition, the architecture of the thymus was altered, as observed by a reduced density of lymphocytes in the medulla. Furthermore, the number of proliferating cells in the thymus was decreased in CD26-deficient rats at a higher age. Moreover, CD26-deficiency resulted in markedly reduced numbers of B cells in later life. Additionally, an age- but not CD26-dependent increase of regulatory T cells and a decrease of natural killer cell numbers were detected in the blood and spleen. Our findings indicate an important role of CD26 in maintaining lymphocyte composition, memory T cell generation and thymic emigration patterns during immunosenescence, with possible implications for using DPP4-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klemann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Stimulation of mucosal immunity has great potential in vaccinology and immunotherapy. However, the mucosal immune system is more complex than the systemic counterpart, both in terms of anatomy (inductive and effector tissues) and effectors (cells and molecules). Therefore, immunologists entering this field need a precise terminology as a crucial means of communication. Abbreviations for mucosal immune-function molecules related to the secretory immunoglobulin A system were defined by the Society for Mucosal Immunolgy Nomenclature Committee in 1997, and are briefly recapitulated in this article. In addition, we recommend and justify standard nomenclature and abbreviations for discrete mucosal immune-cell compartments, belonging to, and beyond, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brandtzaeg
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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32
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Schünke I, Pabst R, Hörsten SV, Stephan M, Schmiedl A. Postnatale Lungenreifung in Abhängigkeit von CD26 und LPS-Inhalation. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1032296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Tschernig T, Lührmann A, Debertin AS, Pabst R. [Adaptive immune system in the developing lung--bronchi associated lymphoid tissue and dendritic cells in humans and in rat models]. Pneumologie 2007; 61:485-6. [PMID: 17566954 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-959225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Tschernig
- Funktionelle und Angewandte Anatomie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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Blum KS, Radtke C, Knapp WH, Pabst R, Gratz KF. SPECT-CT: a valuable method to document the regeneration of lymphatics and autotransplanted lymph node fragments. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34:1861-7. [PMID: 17492446 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transplantation of lymph node fragments and stimulation of lymph vessel regeneration seems to be a promising model to prevent lymphoedema in patients after mammary tumour excision combined with axillary lymph node dissection and irradiation. This study evaluated the advantages of SPECT-CT in studying the regeneration of lymph vessels and lymphoid tissue after autologous lymph node transplantation. METHODS Five minipigs underwent autologous lymph node transplantation in the left groin. The lymph node was excised, cut into six pieces and embedded into two newly created subcutaneous pouches on this side. The superficial lymph node of the right groin was removed as a control. Five months after surgery the lymph flow of both legs was investigated using conventional lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT-CT with 10 MBq(99m)Tc-nanocolloid in combination with Berlin Blue injected subcutaneously into the draining area. RESULTS The integration of the transplanted lymph node fragments was shown. The SPECT-CT results correlated with the in situ findings observed at dissection. Afferent and efferent lymph flow could be followed up to the lumbar trunks. The use of SPECT-CT allowed exact localisation of the lymph node fragments in three-dimensional space and the regeneration of the lymph node fragments was documented histologically. CONCLUSION SPECT-CT is a good method to evaluate lymphatic flow and document lymph node regeneration. The data suggest that autologous lymph node transplantation is a promising model for prevention of lymphoedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Blum
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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35
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Jurawitz M, Lührmann A, Tschernig T, Pabst R. Der Einfluss von regulatorischen T-Lymphozyten auf die Akkumulation von Leukozyten in der Rattenlunge nach mehrfacher Provokation mit Ovalbumin. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Roos A, Lührmann A, Tschernig T, Pabst R. Kinetik der Akkumulation regulatorischer T-Zellen in der Rattenlunge nach lokaler Applikation des synthetischen Lipopeptids MALP-2. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Schade J, Stephan M, Wagner L, Niestroj AJ, Pabst R, Schmiedl A, Hörsten SV. Hochregulation der Prolin-spezifischen Peptidasen DP4, DP8 und DP9 im Asthma bronchiale. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Schmiedl A, Schade J, Raber K, Krainski J, Beekmann T, Pabst R, Zscheppang K, Hörsten SV, Stephan M. Verminderte Entzündungsreaktion sowie SP-A-Expression durch CD26-Defizienz im Asthma-Modell der F344Ratte. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Debertin AS, Tschernig T, Schürmann A, Bajanowski T, Brinkmann B, Pabst R. Coincidence of different structures of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the respiratory tract of children: no indications for enhanced mucosal immunostimulation in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 146:54-9. [PMID: 16968398 PMCID: PMC1809740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is the principal inductive site for mucosal immune responses that are capable of T and B cell responses and antigen-specific responses. In previous independent studies different structures of MALT, e.g. bronchus-, larynx- and nose-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT, LALT, NALT) have been described separately in various frequencies in the human respiratory tract over life spans. Because upper respiratory tract infections are common in infants, dysregulations of mucosal immune responses might be seriously involved in the aetiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In the present study the coincidental occurrence of the three different MALT structures in the respiratory tract within the same patients were studied, and cases of SIDS and children who had died from different traumatic and natural causes of death (non-SIDS) were compared. First, the frequency of BALT and LALT in 46 children (35 SIDS, 11 non-SIDS) with or without NALT were examined. A tendency was found of a coincidence of respiratory MALT structures. In 50 additional cases of infant death (30 SIDS, 20 non-SIDS) from the multi-centric German Study on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (GeSID) where death had occurred in the first year of life, the coincidence was evaluated. A coincidental occurrence of BALT, LALT and NALT or BALT and LALT (each about 30%) was found in both groups, whereby the coincidence in SIDS and the control patients did not differ. Interestingly, the children with coincidental MALT were strikingly older, supporting the hypothesis of respiratory MALT formation via environmental stimulation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Debertin
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical School of Hannover, Germany.
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Tschernig T, de Vries VC, Debertin AS, Braun A, Walles T, Traub F, Pabst R. Density of dendritic cells in the human tracheal mucosa is age dependent and site specific. Thorax 2006; 61:986-91. [PMID: 16893947 PMCID: PMC2121158 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2006.060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucosal immune system undergoes extensive changes in early childhood in response to environmental stimuli. Dendritic cells (DC) play a major role in the development of the immune system. However, few data exist on the influence of continuous environmental stimulation on the distribution and phenotype of human airway DC. METHODS Human tissue samples are mostly paraffin embedded which limits the use of several antibodies, and respiratory tissue for cryopreservation is difficult to obtain. Human frozen post mortem tracheal tissue was therefore used for this study. Only samples with epithelial adherence to the basement membrane were included (n = 34). Immunohistochemical staining and sequential overlay immunofluorescence were performed with DC-SIGN and a panel of leucocyte markers co-expressed by DC. RESULTS DC detected in the human tracheal mucosa using DC-SIGN correlated with the expression of HLA-DR, co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules. Higher cell densities were found at the ventral tracheal site of patients older than 1 year than in infants in the first year of life. CONCLUSION The increasing population of mucosal DC with age could reflect immunological maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tschernig
- Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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de Vries VC, Debertin AS, Walles T, Pabst R, Tschering T. The expression of immunologically relevant surface molecules in the human tracheal mucosa is unaffected post mortem. Histopathology 2006; 48:319-21. [PMID: 16430485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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43
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Singh B, Shinagawa K, Taube C, Gelfand EW, Pabst R. Strain-specific differences in perivascular inflammation in lungs in two murine models of allergic airway inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 141:223-9. [PMID: 15996186 PMCID: PMC1809429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological data show perivascular recruitment of inflammatory cells in lung inflammation. However, the process of perivascular inflammation is yet-to-be characterized in any systematic manner at cell and molecular levels. Therefore, we investigated impact of genetic background on perivascular inflammation in acute or chronic airway inflammation in different strains of mice. Further, to address molecular mechanisms of perivascular inflammation, we examined immunohistochemical expression of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in chronic airway inflammation. Histological scoring revealed time and strain specific differences in perivascular recruitment of inflammatory cells in chronic and acute airway inflammation (P < 0.05). The data show that A/J strain is significantly more susceptible for perivascular inflammation followed by BALB/c and C57BL/6, while C3H/HeJ strain showed no perivascular accumulation of inflammatory cells. Of the two strains examined for perivascular inflammation in acute airway inflammation, BALB/c showed more accumulation of inflammatory cells compared to C57BL/c. VAP-1 expression occurred in the endothelium of pulmonary arteries but not in alveolar septa or airways in the control as well as challenged mice. In the inflamed lungs from A/J mice, the VAP-1 staining in pulmonary arteries was more intense compared to the other strains. VAP-1 staining was generally observed throughout the pulmonary arterial wall in chronic lung inflammation. These data show that periarterial inflammation is influenced by the genetic background, and may be partially regulated by VAP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- Department Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Immunology Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Schmiedl A, Tschernig T, Brasch F, Pabst R, Bargsten G. Decrease of the surface fraction of surfactant proteins containing clara cells and type II pneumocytes in a rat asthma model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 56:265-72. [PMID: 15816355 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In asthma surfactant proteins (SP) might differ in distribution and composition and thus play a role in pathophysiology of this disease. Therefore, the well-established animal model of ovalbumin sensitized and challenged rats were used to study the distribution of surfactant proteins in Clara cells and type II pneumocytes. Serial sections of paraffin embedded lung tissue were sequentially immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique. Antisera against SP-A, SP-B and Clara cell specific protein (CC10) were used. We determined stereologically' the surface fraction of immunolabelled cells and semiquantitatively the percentage of test fields containing labelled alveolar macrophages. In allergen sensitized and provocated rat lungs: (1) the surface fraction of SP-A and SP-B positive Clara cells was significantly reduced, (2) the surface fraction of Clara cells stained with CC10 was coincided with controls, (3) the surface fraction of SP-A and not of SP-B possitive type II pneumocytes decreased significantly, (4) a significantly higher percentage of test fields with SP-A labelled alveolar macrophages was evaluated. Thus, in this animal model of asthma the inflammatory process after allergen challenge is accompanied by alterations in the distribution patterns of SP in Clara cells and type II pneumocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmiedl
- Department I, Centre of Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Haemal nodes are lymphoid organs found in various mammals and some birds. The structure of haemal nodes has been described in a number of species but not yet in the camel. Therefore, haemal nodes from 10 camels were studied histologically and tested for CD3, CD22, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II/DR, alpha-smooth muscle actin and for the demonstration of acid and alkaline phosphatases. The haemal nodes were of spherical or kidney shape with one or two hili and had a capsule and trabeculae of connective tissue and smooth muscles. The main parenchyma was composed of a cortex and a medulla. The cortex was formed from lymphoid follicles and diffuse interfollicular lymphocytes. The medulla consisted of lymphoid cords separated by medullary sinuses. The interfollicular lymphocytes and those in the medullary cord were CD3-positive. The lymphoid follicles showed CD22-positive cells. MHC class II/DR was expressed by most cells of the parenchyma. There were also subcapsular, peritrabecular and medullary blood sinuses. Afferent and efferent lymphatics and lymphatic sinuses were also found. Acid phosphatase-positive cells were localized mainly in the marginal, the interfollicular zone and in the medullary cord. Alkaline phosphatase positivity was observed in the endothelium of the sinuses and in the lymphoid follicles. The morphology of these organs in the camel allows a classification as haemolymph nodes and suggests involvement in blood and lymph filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zidan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Kruschinski C, Skripuletz T, Bedoui S, Tschernig T, Pabst R, Nassenstein C, Braun A, von Hörsten S. CD26 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV)-dependent recruitment of T cells in a rat asthma model. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:17-24. [PMID: 15606609 PMCID: PMC1809259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD26 truncates several chemokines as well as neuropeptides and influences immune responses via modulation of cell adhesion and T cell activation, suggesting an involvement of CD26 in asthmatic and airway inflammation. Therefore, Fischer 344 (F344), Brown Norway (BN) and Lewis (LEW) rat strains, which differ in their CD26-like enzymatic activity, were compared using an asthma model. Additionally, two CD26-deficient mutant F344 rat substrains were included and compared to the wild-type F344 substrain. Immunization was performed twice with ovalbumin (OVA), and 2 weeks later the rats were challenged with OVA intratracheally Flow cytometry (FACS) analysis of different leucocyte subsets as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgE levels in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed 24 h after challenge. LEW rats with the lowest CD26 activity among the rat strains investigated here displayed significantly reduced CD4+ T cell numbers in the BAL compared to wild-type F344 and BN rats. Moreover, in asthma, the ratio of CD26+ to CD26- T cell receptor (TCR)-positive cells increased significantly in F344 and LEW but not BN rats. Most intriguingly, in both CD26-deficient F344 rat substrains the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was markedly reduced compared to wild-type F344. The decrease in T cell recruitment observed in the CD26-deficient rats was associated with significantly reduced OVA-specific IgE-titres. This is the first report to show a remarkably reduced T cell recruitment in rat strains that either lack or exhibit reduced CD26-like enzymatic activity, suggesting a role for CD26 in the pathogenesis of asthma via T cell-dependent processes such as antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kruschinski
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Tschernig T, de Vries V, Weigt H, Nassenstein C, Hanke M, Pabst R, Krug N, Braun A. Antigenspezifische menschliche Blutlymphozyten überleben in der Lunge von SCID-Mäusen nach inhalativer Stimulierung. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pabst R. The Periarterial Space in the Lung: Its Important Role in Lung Edema, Transplantation, and Microbial or Allergic Inflammation. Pathobiology 2004; 71:287-94. [PMID: 15627838 DOI: 10.1159/000081723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammal lungs different compartments for leukocytes can be identified during health and disease, e.g. lung interstitium, bronchoalveolar space, the epithelium and lamina propria of the air-conducting part. A so far neglected compartment is the space around the branches of the pulmonary arteries, characterized by a unique architecture of capillaries running in parallel to the pulmonary artery. This compartment - the periarterial space - is described and its physiological and pathophysiological role reviewed. The periarterial space is infiltrated by different leukocyte subsets during edema formation in the early stages of a lung transplant rejection and, in particular, during inflammatory and allergic reactions. The periarterial compartment seems to be of major relevance in all these situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pabst
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against Desmoplakin and Plakoglobin were tested for their suitability as specific markers of lymphatic vessels. The tissue samples were taken from horse skin in an attempt to establish the horse as a model for human lymphatic diseases. To obtain a clear, positive identification of blood and lymphatic vessels, immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and platelet endothelial adhesion molecule (PECAM-1, CD31), was compared with Desmoplakin and Plakoglobin. Because anti-VEGFR-3 is specific for lymphatic vessels in the skin while anti-CD31 stains blood and lymphatic vessels as well, it can be concluded that VEGFR-3(-)/CD31(+) vessels are blood vessels and VEGFR-3(+)/CD31(+) vessels are lymphatic vessels. It was documented on serial sections that Plakoglobin stains both blood and lymphatic vessels. However, Desmoplakin did not stain several positively identified lymphatic vessels. Therefore, Desmoplakin and Plakoglobin antibodies are not specific markers of lymphatic vessels in the skin and the staining pattern is tissues and species dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fedele
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE4120, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Kruschinski C, Tschernig T, Lührmann A, Pabst R, von Hörsten S. Verringerte CD4+ T-Lymphozytenzahlen im Asthmamodell der CD26-negativen F344 Ratte. Pneumologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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