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Hammoud B, Greeley SAW. Growth and development in monogenic forms of neonatal diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:65-77. [PMID: 34864759 PMCID: PMC11056188 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare disorder in which 80-85% of infants diagnosed under 6 months of age will be found to have an underlying monogenic cause. This review will summarize what is known about growth and neurodevelopmental difficulties among individuals with various forms of NDM. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with NDM often have intrauterine growth restriction and/or low birth weight because of insulin deficiency in utero and the severity and likelihood of ongoing growth concerns after birth depends on the specific cause. A growing list of rare recessive causes of NDM are associated with neurodevelopmental and/or growth problems that can either be related to direct gene effects on brain development, or may be related to a variety of co-morbidities. The most common form of NDM results in spectrum of neurological disability due to expression of mutated KATP channels throughout the brain. SUMMARY Monogenic causes of neonatal diabetes are characterized by variable degree of restriction of growth in utero because of deficiency of insulin that depends on the specific gene cause. Many forms also include a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disability because of mutation-related effects on brain development. Longer term study is needed to clarify longitudinal effects on growth into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Hammoud
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Sanchez-Delgado M, Riccio A, Eggermann T, Maher ER, Lapunzina P, Mackay D, Monk D. Causes and Consequences of Multi-Locus Imprinting Disturbances in Humans. Trends Genet 2016; 32:444-455. [PMID: 27235113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eight syndromes are associated with the loss of methylation at specific imprinted loci. There has been increasing evidence that these methylation defects in patients are not isolated events occurring at a given disease-associated locus but that some of these patients may have multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID) affecting additional imprinted regions. With the recent advances in technology, methylation profiling has revealed that imprinted loci represent only a small fraction of the methylation differences observed between the gametes. To figure out how imprinting anomalies occur at multiple imprinted domains, we have to understand the interplay between DNA methylation and histone modifications in the process of selective imprint protection during pre-implantation reprogramming, which, if disrupted, leads to these complex imprinting disorders (IDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanchez-Delgado
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER, Centro deInvestigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain.
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Deeb A, Habeb A, Kaplan W, Attia S, Hadi S, Osman A, Al-Jubeh J, Flanagan S, DeFranco E, Ellard S. Genetic characteristics, clinical spectrum, and incidence of neonatal diabetes in the Emirate of AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170:602-9. [PMID: 26463504 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) can be transient (TNDM) or permanent (PNDM). Data on NDM from the Gulf region are limited to few studies on PNDM.The objective of this study was to describe the genetic and clinical spectrum of NDM and estimate its incidence in AbuDhabi, capital of the United Arab Emirate (UAE). Patients were identified from the pediatric diabetes clinics and sequencing of known NDM genes was conducted in all families. Twenty-five patients were identified. Incidence during 1985-2013 was 1:29,241 Live births. Twenty-three out of twenty-five had PNDM (incidence 1:31,900) and 2/25 had TNDM (incidence 1:350,903). Eleven out of twenty-five had extra-pancreatic features and three had pancreatic aplasia. The genetic cause was detected in 21/25 (84%). Of the PNDM patients, nine had recessive EIF2AK3 mutations, six had homozygous INS mutations, two with deletion of the PTF1A enhancer, one was heterozygous for KCNJ11 mutation, one harboured a novel ABCC8 variant, and 4/21 without mutations in all known PNDM genes. One TNDM patient had a 6q24 methylation defect and another was homozygous for the INS c-331C>G mutation. This mutation also caused permanent diabetes with variable age of onset from birth to 18 years. The parents of a child with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome had a healthy girl following pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. The child with KCNJ11 mutation was successfully switched from insulin to oral sulphonylurea. The incidence of PNDM in Abu Dhabi is among the highest in the world and its spectrum is different from Europe and USA. In our cohort, genetic testing has significant implications for the clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Deeb
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelhadi Habeb
- Department of Pediatric, Prince Mohamed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Kaplan
- Department of Endocrine, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salima Attia
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suha Hadi
- Department of Endocrine, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani Osman
- Imperial College London Diabetes Center, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jamal Al-Jubeh
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Shaikh Khalifa Medical Center, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Flanagan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa DeFranco
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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4
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Translational implications of the β-cell epigenome in diabetes mellitus. Transl Res 2015; 165:91-101. [PMID: 24686035 PMCID: PMC4162854 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose homeostasis that affects more than 24 million Americans and 382 million individuals worldwide. Dysregulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cells plays a central role in the pathophysiology of all forms of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, an enhanced understanding of the pathways that contribute to β-cell failure is imperative. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in DNA transcription that occur in the absence of changes to the linear DNA nucleotide sequence. Recent evidence suggests an expanding role of the β-cell epigenome in the regulation of metabolic health. The goal of this review is to discuss maladaptive changes in β-cell DNA methylation patterns and chromatin architecture, and their contribution to diabetes pathophysiology. Efforts to modulate the β-cell epigenome as a means to prevent, diagnose, and treat diabetes are also discussed.
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Azzi S, Sas TCJ, Koudou Y, Le Bouc Y, Souberbielle JC, Dargent-Molina P, Netchine I, Charles MA. Degree of methylation of ZAC1 (PLAGL1) is associated with prenatal and post-natal growth in healthy infants of the EDEN mother child cohort. Epigenetics 2013; 9:338-45. [PMID: 24316753 DOI: 10.4161/epi.27387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ZAC1 gene, mapped to the 6q24 region, is part of a network of co-regulated imprinted genes involved in the control of embryonic growth. Loss of methylation at the ZAC1 differentially methylated region (DMR) is associated with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, a developmental disorder involving growth retardation and diabetes in the first weeks of post-natal life. We assessed whether the degree of methylation of the ZAC1 DMR in leukocytes DNA extracted from cord blood is associated with fetal, birth and post-natal anthropometric measures or with C-peptide concentrations in cord serum. We also searched for an influence of dietary intake and maternal parameters on ZAC1 DMR methylation. We found positive correlations between the ZAC1 DMR methylation index (MI) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) at 32 weeks of gestation, weight at birth and weight at one year of age (respectively, r = 0.15, 0.09, 0.14; P values = 0.01, 0.15, 0.03). However, there were no significant correlations between the ZAC1 DMR MI and cord blood C-peptide levels. Maternal intakes of alcohol and of vitamins B2 were positively correlated with ZAC1 DMR methylation (respectively, r = 0.2 and 0.14; P = 0.004 and 0.04). The influence of ZAC1 seems to start in the second half of pregnancy and continue at least until the first year of life. The maternal environment also appears to contribute to the regulation of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Azzi
- APHP Armand Trousseau Hospital; Endocrine Laboratory of Functional Explorations; INSERM UMR-S938; Team Yves Le Bouc; UPMC; Paris, France
| | - Theo C J Sas
- APHP Armand Trousseau Hospital; Endocrine Laboratory of Functional Explorations; INSERM UMR-S938; Team Yves Le Bouc; UPMC; Paris, France; Albert Schweitzer Hospital; Department of Pediatrics; Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yves Koudou
- INSERM; Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP); Lifelong epidemiology of obesity, diabetes and renal disease team; Villejuif, France; Paris-Sud University; UMRS 1018; Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- APHP Armand Trousseau Hospital; Endocrine Laboratory of Functional Explorations; INSERM UMR-S938; Team Yves Le Bouc; UPMC; Paris, France
| | | | - Patricia Dargent-Molina
- INSERM; Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP); Lifelong epidemiology of obesity, diabetes and renal disease team; Villejuif, France; Paris-Sud University; UMRS 1018; Villejuif, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- APHP Armand Trousseau Hospital; Endocrine Laboratory of Functional Explorations; INSERM UMR-S938; Team Yves Le Bouc; UPMC; Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- INSERM; Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP); Lifelong epidemiology of obesity, diabetes and renal disease team; Villejuif, France; Paris-Sud University; UMRS 1018; Villejuif, France
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Topiol ES, Minarich LA, Williams CA, Zori RT, Kays DW, Haller MJ. Neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital diaphragmatic hernia: coincidence or concurrent etiology? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:21. [PMID: 22781086 PMCID: PMC3408326 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2012-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare metabolic disorder, affecting approximately 1 in 500,000 live births. The management of NDM is challenging, as the benefits of controlling hyperglycemia must be balanced with the risks of iatrogenic hypoglycemia. NDM occurs in both permanent and transient forms, which have been genetically and phenotypically well characterized. Herein, we present the previously unreported combination of transient NDM (TNDM) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). In addition to reviewing the management and genetics of NDM we discuss the potential for overlapping genetic or embryologic abnormalities to explain the concurrence of CDH and NDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle S Topiol
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, PO Box 100296, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Søvik O, Aagenaes O, Eide SÅ, Mackay D, Temple IK, Molven A, Njølstad PR. Familial occurrence of neonatal diabetes with duplications in chromosome 6q24: treatment with sulfonylurea and 40-yr follow-up. Pediatr Diabetes 2012; 13:155-62. [PMID: 21518169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a Norwegian family, followed since 1967, with a chromosome 6q24 duplication in two siblings with neonatal diabetes, in their non-diabetic father, and in a female (third generation) with adult-onset diabetes. The parents (first generation) were healthy and non-consanguineous. After a miscarriage, the couple had two infants with birth weights of 1780 and 1620 g, respectively, both of whom died on their second day of life. Patient I (male, weight 1840 g at term) had a blood glucose level of 33 mmol/L on day 6. He was treated with insulin for 3 months. In adult life he had permanent diabetes, treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. At 43 yr of age, there were no diabetic late complications. Patient II (female, birth weight 1440 g at term) had an increasing blood glucose of 55 mmol/L on day 13. She received insulin treatment for 12.5 months. Subsequently, she was successfully treated with sulfonylurea (tolbutamide) for 10 yr. At 11 yr of age, insulin was again considered necessary. At 40 yr of age, no diabetic late complications were detected. Patient III had a birth weight of 2630 g at term and no diabetic symptoms as a neonate. She had insulin-requiring diabetes from age 19. We conclude that (i) neonatal diabetes with chromosome 6q24 duplications may become a permanent disease in adult life; (ii) this chromosome anomaly may also be associated with adult-onset diabetes; (iii) sulfonylurea treatment may be attempted, and (iv) late diabetic complications may be absent, even after more than 40 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddmund Søvik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Cajaiba MM, Witchel S, Madan-Khetarpal S, Hoover J, Hoffner L, Macpherson T, Surti U. Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 6 rescue resulting in paternal UPD6 with novel placental findings. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1996-2002. [PMID: 21739591 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is defined by the inheritance of both copies of a chromosome pair from one single parent. Although 23 cases of paternal UPD6 have been reported earlier, the occurrence of trisomy 6 rescue with paternal UPD6 has not been previously reported. The phenotype of paternal UPD6 results from biallelic expression of the maternally imprinted, paternally expressed ZAC and HYMAI genes, and includes transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM), intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), macroglossia, and minor anomalies. Trisomy rescue has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism leading to UPD of other chromosomes. We report on the first case of a prenatally diagnosed infant with UPD6 and describe the clinical, cytogenetic, molecular, and novel placental findings in a female infant with paternal UPD6. Low-level trisomy 6 and paternal UPD6 were prenatally diagnosed through amniocentesis. After birth trisomy 6 was documented in the placenta but was not found in three different cell lines from the infant. The placenta was small with a peculiar pattern of vascular proliferation. Our results of trisomy 6 cells predominantly present in the placenta and only in low levels in the amniotic fluid suggest that the distribution and proportion of trisomic and diploid UPD cells contribute to the variability of fetal and placental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Cajaiba
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Wilkins JF, Úbeda F. Diseases associated with genomic imprinting. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 101:401-45. [PMID: 21507360 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387685-0.00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is the phenomenon where the expression of a locus differs between the maternally and paternally inherited alleles. Typically, this manifests as transcriptional silencing of one of the alleles, although many genes are imprinted in a tissue- or isoform-specific manner. Diseases associated with imprinted genes include various cancers, disorders of growth and metabolism, and disorders in neurodevelopment, cognition, and behavior, including certain major psychiatric disorders. In many cases, the disease phenotypes associated with dysfunction at particular imprinted loci can be understood in terms of the evolutionary processes responsible for the origin of imprinting. Imprinted gene expression represents the outcome of an intragenomic evolutionary conflict, where natural selection favors different expression strategies for maternally and paternally inherited alleles. This conflict is reasonably well understood in the context of the early growth effects of imprinted genes, where paternally inherited alleles are selected to place a greater demand on maternal resources than are maternally inherited alleles. Less well understood are the origins of imprinted gene expression in the brain, and their effects on cognition and behavior. This chapter reviews the genetic diseases that are associated with imprinted genes, framed in terms of the evolutionary pressures acting on gene expression at those loci. We begin by reviewing the phenomenon and evolutionary origins of genomic imprinting. We then discuss diseases that are associated with genetic or epigenetic defects at particular imprinted loci, many of which are associated with abnormalities in growth and/or feeding behaviors that can be understood in terms of the asymmetric pressures of natural selection on maternally and paternally inherited alleles. We next described the evidence for imprinted gene effects on adult cognition and behavior, and the possible role of imprinted genes in the etiology of certain major psychiatric disorders. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how imprinting, and the evolutionary-genetic conflicts that underlie it, may enhance both the frequency and morbidity of certain types of diseases.
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Abstract
We present a case of an 8-day-old infant boy with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus who presented to our emergency department with profound dehydration, failure to thrive, and hyperglycemia. The initial ill appearance of the patient required attention to a broad differential diagnosis including cardiac, metabolic, endocrine, and infectious processes. Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is one of several causes of severe hyperglycemia in the neonatal period and is caused by genetic imprinting at the 6q24 region. It requires specific genetic testing for diagnosis. This case illustrates initial management of and recommended laboratory testing in neonates presenting with possible transient neonatal diabetes mellitus.
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Mackay DJG, Temple IK. Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus type 1. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 154C:335-42. [PMID: 20803656 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus type 1 (TNDM1) is a rare but remarkable form of diabetes which presents in infancy, resolves in the first months of life, but then frequently recurs in later life. It is caused by overexpression of the imprinted genes PLAGL1 and HYMAI on human chromosome 6q24. The expression of these genes is normally restricted to the paternal allele as a result of maternal DNA methylation. TNDM1 is not associated with mutation of PLAGL1 or HYMAI, but rather with their overexpression via uniparental disomy, chromosome duplication, or relaxation of imprinting. Study of patients with TNDM1 has provided valuable insights into the causes of imprinting disorders. Over half of patients with maternal hypomethylation at the TNDM1 locus have additional hypomethylation of other maternally methylated imprinted genes throughout the genome, and the majority of these patients have mutations in the transcription factor ZFP57. TNDM1 with maternal hypomethylation has also been observed in patients conceived by assisted reproduction, and in discordant monozygotic twins. The variable clinical features of TNDM1 may be associated with variation in the nature of the underlying epigenetic and genetic mutations, and future study of this disorder is likely to yield further insights not only into the biological mechanisms of imprinting, but also into the contribution of epigenetics to diabetes.
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12
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Abstract
Transient Neonatal Diabetes (type 1) is the commonest cause of diabetes presenting in the first week of life. The majority of infants recover by 3 months of age but are predisposed to developing type 2 diabetes in later life. It is associated with low birth weight but rapid catch up by 1 year of life. The condition is usually due to genetic or epigenetic aberrations at an imprinted locus on chromosome 6q24 and can be sporadic or inherited. Early diagnosis alters medical treatment strategies and differentiates it from other types of early onset diabetes. In some individuals, diabetes may be the initial presentation of a more complex imprinting disorder due to recessive mutations in the gene ZFP57 and may be associated with other developmental problems.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Disorders/complications
- Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis
- Chromosome Disorders/therapy
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/congenital
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/genetics
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- I Karen Temple
- Academic Unit of Genetic Medicine, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK.
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13
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Prando C, Boisson-Dupuis S, Grant A, Kong XF, Bustamante J, Feinberg J, Chapgier A, Rose Y, Jannière L, Rizzardi E, Zhang Q, Shanahan CM, Viollet L, Lyonnet S, Abel L, Ruga EM, Casanova JL. Paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6 causing a complex syndrome including complete IFN-gamma receptor 1 deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:622-9. [PMID: 20186794 PMCID: PMC2946788 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency associated with clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacterial species. Interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFN-gammaR1) deficiency is a genetic etiology of MSMD. We describe the clinical and genetic features of a 7-year-old Italian boy suffering from MSMD associated with a complex phenotype, including neonatal hyperglycemia, neuromuscular disease, and dysmorphic features. The child also developed necrotizing pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi. The child is homozygous for a nonsense mutation in exon 3 of IFNGR1 as a result of paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of the entire chromosome 6. This is the first reported case of uniparental disomy resulting in a complex phenotype including MSMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Prando
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Grant
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Xiao-Fei Kong
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genetics and Life Science, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic fo China
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Feinberg
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Chapgier
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Rose
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Jannière
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Elena Rizzardi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, James Black Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Louis Viollet
- INSERM U781, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- INSERM U781, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ezia Maria Ruga
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, INSERM U550, Paris, France
- Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
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Wiedemann B, Schober E, Waldhoer T, Koehle J, Flanagan SE, Mackay DJ, Steichen E, Meraner D, Zimmerhackl LB, Hattersley AT, Ellard S, Hofer S. Incidence of neonatal diabetes in Austria-calculation based on the Austrian Diabetes Register. Pediatr Diabetes 2010; 11:18-23. [PMID: 19496964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare monogenic form of diabetes which is diagnosed in the first 6 months of life. Several studies in the last few years provide information on genetic causes for NDM. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify all patients with diabetes in the first 6 months of life through the Austrian Diabetes Register, which is available since 1989. A retrospective data analyses was performed to calculate the current incidence of NDM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ten patients were registered with diabetes onset within the first 6 months of life in the Austrian Diabetes Register. Evaluation of detailed clinical data was performed by sending a questionnaire to all diabetes centers. RESULTS Ten patients from nine different families with NDM were diagnosed in Austria from 1989 until September 2007. Seven patients (one male, six females) had transient NDM (TNDM), three (two males, one female) showed a permanent course [permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM)]. One had immunodeficiency, polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) syndrome and another showed aplasia of the pancreas; no genetic etiology was found in the third case. In three out of seven patients with a transient course of NDM a genetic diagnosis was possible. Two female siblings had activating point mutations in the ABCC8 gene, although one patient had paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6q24. One patient's family did not consent to genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of NDM in Austria is 1/160 949, with an incidence of 1/ 536 499 for PNDM and 1/229 928 for TNDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wiedemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Developmental methylation program and concerted expression of Stx11 in mouse tissues. Mamm Genome 2009; 20:131-9. [PMID: 19169743 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The human 6q24 region is involved in growth and development, transient neonatal diabetes (TND), cancer, and metabolic dysfunction. To further characterize this region, the developmental status of DNA methylation and expression of Zac1 and Stx11 genes located within the mouse 10A1 region ortholog of human 6q24 were determined. In mice, imprinted Zac1 and Stx11 were highly expressed at the end of fetal development but downregulated at 4 and 11 weeks in brain, pancreas, and heart. Postnatal Zac1 downregulation was independent from promoter methylation of the expressed allele, suggesting the mediation of age-dependent chromatin remodeling. Stx11 nonpromoter CpG island was methylated de novo from E18 to 1 year with tissue-specific kinetics. The high conservation in vertebrates of Stx11 CpG2 is suggestive of an important regulatory function in age-related regional epigenetic state and/or chromatin configuration. Stx11 alleles were unequally expressed in F1 mice tissues, reflecting the influence of cis-regulatory factors on its expression. These data suggest the presence of a methylation domain and a coordinated gene expression pattern in multiple tissues. Methylation variation and allelic regulation of expression may underlie genetic diversity and contribute to disease susceptibility at the 6q24 locus in humans.
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A large-scale mutation search reveals genetic heterogeneity in 3M syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 17:395-400. [PMID: 19225462 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder recently ascribed to mutations in the CUL7 gene and characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation. Studying a series of 33 novel cases of 3M syndrome, we have identified deleterious CUL7 mutations in 23/33 patients, including 19 novel mutations and one paternal isodisomy of chromosome 6 encompassing a CUL7 mutation. Lack of mutations in 10/33 cases and exclusion of the CUL7 locus on chromosome 6p21.1 in six consanguineous families strongly support the genetic heterogeneity of the 3M syndrome.
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Aviram R, Kidron D, Silverstein S, Lerer I, Abeliovich D, Tepper R, Dolfin Z, Markovitch O, Arnon S. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia associated with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and paternal UPD6. Placenta 2008; 29:646-9. [PMID: 18486206 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Aviram
- Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Hospital, 59 Tchernihovski Street, Kfar Sava, Israel.
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Nowaczyk MJ, Carter MT, Xu J, Huggins M, Raca G, Das S, Martin CL, Schwartz S, Rosenfield R, Waggoner DJ. Paternal deletion 6q24.3: A new congenital anomaly syndrome associated with intrauterine growth failure, early developmental delay and characteristic facial appearance. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:354-60. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Extensive human epidemiologic and animal model data indicate that during critical periods of prenatal and postnatal mammalian development, nutrition and other environmental stimuli influence developmental pathways and thereby induce permanent changes in metabolism and chronic disease susceptibility. The biologic mechanisms underlying this "developmental origins hypothesis" are poorly understood. This review focuses on the likely involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We describe permanent effects of transient environmental influences on the developmental establishment of epigenetic gene regulation and evidence linking epigenetic dysregulation with human disease. We propose a definition of "epigenetic epidemiology" and delineate how this emerging field provides a basis from which to explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms in DOHaD. We suggest strategies for future human epidemiologic studies to identify causal associations between early exposures, long-term changes in epigenetic regulation, and disease, which may ultimately enable specific early-life interventions to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Waterland
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abstract
The author discusses a new study reporting the birth weight of patients carrying a mutation in either of two closely related genes associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young, testing the hypothesis that the primary defect caused by these genes results in decreased insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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