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Cretin J, Adjemout M, Dieppois C, Gallardo F, Torres M, Merard Z, Sawadogo SA, Picard C, Rihet P, Paul P. A Non-Coding Fc Gamma Receptor Cis-Regulatory Variant within the 1q23 Gene Cluster Is Associated with Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Children Residing in Burkina Faso. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15711. [PMID: 37958695 PMCID: PMC10650193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in activating protective immunity against malaria by interacting with Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). Genetic variations in genes encoding FcγRs can affect immune cell responses to the parasite. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether non-coding variants that regulate FcγR expression could influence the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Through bioinformatics approaches, we selected expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B genes encoding FcγRs (FCGR), in whole blood. We prioritized two regulatory variants, rs2099684 and rs1771575, located in open genomic regions. These variants were identified using RegVar, ImmuNexUT, and transcription factor annotations specific to immune cells. In addition to these, we genotyped the coding variants FCGR2A/rs1801274 and FCGR2B/rs1050501 in 234 individuals from a malaria-endemic area in Burkina Faso. We conducted age and family-based analyses to evaluate associations with the prevalence of malarial infection in both children and adults. The analysis revealed that the regulatory rs1771575-CC genotype was predicted to influence FCGR2B/FCGR2C/FCGR3A transcripts in immune cells and was the sole variant associated with a higher prevalence of malarial infection in children. In conclusion, this study identifies the rs1771575 cis-regulatory variant affecting several FcγRs in myeloid and neutrophil cells and associates it with the inter-individual capacity of children living in Burkina Faso to control malarial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Cretin
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
- Institut MarMaRa, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Adjemout
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
- Institut MarMaRa, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Dieppois
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Frederic Gallardo
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Magali Torres
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Zachary Merard
- ADES UMR, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (C.P.)
| | - Serge Aimé Sawadogo
- Unité de Formation en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso;
- Centre PrïmO-Nelson Mandela, 84 rue Sao Tomé et Principe, Ouagadougou 09 BP 706, Burkina Faso
| | - Christophe Picard
- ADES UMR, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (C.P.)
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, 13001 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Rihet
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Pascale Paul
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
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Paul P, Picard C, Lyonnet L, Resseguier N, Hubert L, Arnaud L, Di Cristofaro J, Laine M, Paganelli F, Dignat-George F, Frère C, Sabatier F, Guieu R, Bonello L. FCGR2A-HH Gene Variants Encoding the Fc Gamma Receptor for the C-Reactive Protein Are Associated with Enhanced Monocyte CD32 Expression and Cardiovascular Events’ Recurrence after Primary Acute Coronary Syndrome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020495. [PMID: 35203703 PMCID: PMC8962261 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) interact with the C-reactive protein (CRP) and mediate activation of inflammation-related pathogenic mechanisms affecting cardiovascular health. Our study evaluated whether FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIA profiles are associated with the recurrence of adverse cardiovascular events during the first year after a primary acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The primary endpoint was the recurrence of cardiovascular events (RCE), identified as a composite outcome comprising acute heart failure (AHF) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We obtained blood samples of 145 ACS patients to measure hsCRP circulating levels, to identify FcγRIIA-131RH rs1801274 and FcγRIIIA-158FV rs396991 polymorphisms, to analyze circulating monocytes and NK cell subsets expressing CD16 and CD32, and to detect serum-mediated FCGR2A-HH activation by luciferase reporter assays. The hsCRP, CD32-expression, and Fc-R mediated activation levels were similar in all patients regardless of their MACE risk. In contrast, the hsCRP levels and the proportion of CD14+ circulating monocytes expressing the CD32 receptor for CRP were significantly higher in the patients who developed AHF. The FCGR2A rs1801274 HH genotype was significantly more common in patients who developed RCE and MACE than in RCE-free patients and associated with an enhanced percentage of circulating CD32+CD14+ monocytes. The FCGR2A-HH genotype was identified as an independent predictor of subsequent RCE (OR, 2.7; p = 0.048; CI, 1.01–7.44) by multivariate analysis. These findings bring preliminary evidence that host FCGR2A genetic variants can influence monocyte CD32 receptor expression and may contribute to the fine-tuning of CD32-driven chronic activating signals that affect the risk of developing RCEs following primary ACS events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Paul
- INSERM 1263, Aix Marseille Université, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France; (F.D.-G.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hopital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.L.); (L.A.)
- INSERM UMR_1090, Aix Marseille Université, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Institut MarMaRa, Parc Scientifique de Luminy Case 928, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Christophe Picard
- Biologie des Groupes Sanguins, Établissement Français du Sang, UMR 7268 ADÉS EFS/CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (C.P.); (L.H.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Luc Lyonnet
- Department of Hematology, Hopital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Noémie Resseguier
- Support Unit for Clinical Research and Economic Evaluation, EA3279, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Lucas Hubert
- Biologie des Groupes Sanguins, Établissement Français du Sang, UMR 7268 ADÉS EFS/CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (C.P.); (L.H.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Department of Hematology, Hopital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Julie Di Cristofaro
- Biologie des Groupes Sanguins, Établissement Français du Sang, UMR 7268 ADÉS EFS/CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (C.P.); (L.H.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Marc Laine
- Mediterranean Association for Research and Studies in Cardiology (MARS Cardio), 13015 Marseille, France; (M.L.); (F.P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Franck Paganelli
- Mediterranean Association for Research and Studies in Cardiology (MARS Cardio), 13015 Marseille, France; (M.L.); (F.P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- INSERM 1263, Aix Marseille Université, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France; (F.D.-G.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hopital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Corinne Frère
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, GRC 27 GRECO, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_1166, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Florence Sabatier
- INSERM 1263, Aix Marseille Université, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France; (F.D.-G.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hopital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Regis Guieu
- INSERM 1263, Aix Marseille Université, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France; (F.D.-G.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (L.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Bonello
- INSERM 1263, Aix Marseille Université, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France; (F.D.-G.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (L.B.)
- Mediterranean Association for Research and Studies in Cardiology (MARS Cardio), 13015 Marseille, France; (M.L.); (F.P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France
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Rossi GM, Bonatti F, Adorni A, Alberici F, Bodria M, Bonanni A, Ghiggeri GM, Martorana D, Vaglio A. FCGR2A single nucleotide polymorphism confers susceptibility to childhood-onset idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Immunol Lett 2017; 193:11-13. [PMID: 29155175 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood-onset idiopathic nephrotic syndrome affects 1.15-3.4 children/100,000 children/year in Western Countries. Immune-mediated mechanisms, particularly T cell-mediated, are thought to play a key pathogenic role. The genetic basis of the disease is still poorly understood. We tested the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of four genes encoding Fc gamma receptors (FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR3A, FCGR3B) and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in a case-control study of paediatric patients. Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (aged 1-16 years) were included. FCGR2A rs1801274 and FCGR3A rs396991 SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR with the TaqMan method, while FCGR2B rs1050501 and FCGR3B NA1/NA2 were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. Fisher's exact test was used to explore genetic association. We enrolled 103 idiopathic nephrotic syndrome patients and 181 healthy controls. A significant association was found between idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and FCGR2A rs1801274 SNP (both with the T allele and the TT genotype, p value=0.0009, OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.27-2.59 and p value=0.0007, OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.44-3.99, respectively). No associations were found for the remaining SNPs. Fc gamma receptors might modulate response to rituximab; since 60 of the enrolled patients were treated with rituximab, we also tested the association between the studied SNPs and rituximab efficacy in this patient subgroup, but found only a weak association with FCGR2A CC genotype (p value=0.03). The FCGR2A rs1801274 SNP in the gene encoding the activating receptor CD32A confers susceptibility to idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Bonatti
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Adorni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Alberici
- Nephrology and Immunology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Bodria
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Alice Bonanni
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Gian M Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Martorana
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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4
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Faik I, van Tong H, Lell B, Meyer CG, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. Pyruvate Kinase and Fcγ Receptor Gene Copy Numbers Associated With Malaria Phenotypes. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:276-282. [PMID: 28605553 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are associated with susceptibility to many infectious diseases and may be determinants of clinical progression. Gene copy number variation (CNV) has been shown to be associated with phenotypes of numerous diseases, including malaria. We quantified gene copy numbers of the pyruvate kinase, liver, and red blood cell (PKLR) gene as well as of the Fcγ receptor 2A and Fcγ receptor 2C (FCGR2A, FCGR2C) and Fcγ receptor 3 (FCGR3) genes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays in Gabonese children with severe (n = 184) or and mild (n = 189) malaria and in healthy Gabonese and white individuals (n = 76 each). The means of PKLR, FCGR2A, FCGR2C, and FCGR3 copy numbers were significantly higher among children with severe malaria compared to those with mild malaria (P < .002), indicating that a surplus of copies of those genes is significantly associated with malaria severity. Copy numbers of the FCGR2A and FCGR2C genes were significantly lower (P = .005) in Gabonese individuals compared with white individuals. In conclusion, CNV of the PKLR, FCGR2A, FCGR2C, and FCGR3 genes is associated with malaria severity, and our results provide evidence for a role of CNV in host responses to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Faik
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hoang van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherche Médicale de Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherche Médicale de Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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5
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Marquet S. Overview of human genetic susceptibility to malaria: From parasitemia control to severe disease. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:399-409. [PMID: 28579526 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening blood disease caused by the protozoan Plasmodium. Infection may lead to several different patterns of symptoms in the host: asymptomatic state, uncomplicated disease or severe disease. Severe malaria occurs mostly in young children and is a major cause of death. Disease is thought to result from the sequestration of parasites in the small blood vessels of the brain and the deregulation of key immune system elements. The cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of disease are however not fully understood. What is known it is that the genetic determinants of the host play an important role in the severity of the disease and the outcome of infection. Here we review the most convincing results obtained through genetic epidemiology studies concerning the genetic control of malaria in human caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. The identification of genes conferring susceptibility or resistance to malaria might improve diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Marquet
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, GIMP, Labex ParaFrap, Marseille, France.
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Munde EO, Okeyo WA, Raballah E, Anyona SB, Were T, Ong'echa JM, Perkins DJ, Ouma C. Association between Fcγ receptor IIA, IIIA and IIIB genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe malaria anemia in children in western Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:289. [PMID: 28427365 PMCID: PMC5397742 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Naturally-acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria develops after several episodes of infection. Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) bind to immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and mediate phagocytosis of opsonized microbes, thereby, linking humoral and cellular immunity. FcγR polymorphisms influence binding affinity to IgGs and consequently, can influence clinical malaria outcomes. Specifically, variations in FcγRIIA -131Arg/His, FcγRIIIA-176F/V and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2 modulate immune responses through altered binding preferences to IgGs and immune complexes. Differential binding, in turn, changes ability of immune cells to respond to infection through production of inflammatory mediators during P. falciparum infection. Methods We determined the association between haplotypes of FcγRIIA-131Arg/His, FcγRIIIA-176F/V and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2 variants and severe malarial anemia (SMA; hemoglobin < 6.0 g/dL, any density parasitemia) in children (n = 274; aged 6–36 months) presenting for their first hospital visit with P. falciparum malaria in a holoendemic transmission region of western Kenya. FcγRIIA-131Arg/His and FcγRIIIA-176F/V genotypes were determined using TaqMan® SNP genotyping, while FcγRIIIBNA1/NA2 genotypes were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Hematological and parasitological indices were measured in all study participants. Results Carriage of FcγRIIA-131Arg/FcγRIIIA-176F/FcγRIIIBNA2 haplotype was associated with susceptibility to SMA (OR = 1.70; 95% CI; 1.02–2.93; P = 0.036), while the FcγRIIA-131His/ FcγRIIIA-176F/ FcγRIIIB NA1 haplotype was marginally associated with enhanced susceptibility to SMA (OR: 1.80, 95% CI; 0.98–3.30, P = 0.057) and higher levels of parasitemia (P = 0.009). Individual genotypes of FcγRIIA-131Arg/His, FcγRIIIA-176F/V and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2 were not associated with susceptibility to SMA. Conclusion The study revealed that haplotypes of FcγRs are important in conditioning susceptibility to SMA in immune-naive children from P. falciparum holoendemic region of western Kenya. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2390-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly O Munde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.,University of New Mexico/KEMRI Laboratories of Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Winnie A Okeyo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico/KEMRI Laboratories of Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Samuel B Anyona
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Tom Were
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - John M Ong'echa
- University of New Mexico/KEMRI Laboratories of Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Centre, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- University of New Mexico/KEMRI Laboratories of Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Centre, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya. .,Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya. .,African Institute for Development Policy, Nairobi, Kenya.
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7
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Deroost K, Pham TT, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. The immunological balance between host and parasite in malaria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 40:208-57. [PMID: 26657789 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution of humans and malaria parasites has generated an intricate balance between the immune system of the host and virulence factors of the parasite, equilibrating maximal parasite transmission with limited host damage. Focusing on the blood stage of the disease, we discuss how the balance between anti-parasite immunity versus immunomodulatory and evasion mechanisms of the parasite may result in parasite clearance or chronic infection without major symptoms, whereas imbalances characterized by excessive parasite growth, exaggerated immune reactions or a combination of both cause severe pathology and death, which is detrimental for both parasite and host. A thorough understanding of the immunological balance of malaria and its relation to other physiological balances in the body is of crucial importance for developing effective interventions to reduce malaria-related morbidity and to diminish fatal outcomes due to severe complications. Therefore, we discuss in this review the detailed mechanisms of anti-malarial immunity, parasite virulence factors including immune evasion mechanisms and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive classification of malaria complications according to the different types of imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Deroost
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW71AA, UK
| | - Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Kapelski S, Klockenbring T, Fischer R, Barth S, Fendel R. Assessment of the neutrophilic antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) response to Plasmodium falciparum. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:1131-42. [PMID: 25118179 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0614-283rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-immunity against Pf malaria is based on a combination of cellular and humoral immune responses. PMNs and IgGs are considered important components of this process, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the neutrophilic ADRB by analyzing the production of ROS in response to Pf antigen-specific IgGs bound to solid-phase immobilized antigens (sADRB) or whole merozoites (mADRB). We found that the PMN stimulations in each assay were based on different underlying mechanisms, demonstrating the importance of the assay set-up for the evaluation of antibody-triggered PMN responses. In the sADRB assay, ROS were produced externally, and by specific blocking of CD32(a)/FcγRII(a), the immediate neutrophilic response was abolished, whereas the removal of CD16(b)/FcγRIII(b) had no substantial effect. The key role of CD32(a) was confirmed using CD16(b)-deficient PMNs, in which similar changes of neutrophilic ADRB profiles were recorded after treatment. In the mADRB assay, ROS were produced almost exclusively within the cell, suggesting that the underlying mechanism was phagocytosis. This was confirmed using an additional phagocytosis assay, in which PMNs specifically ingested merozoites opsonized with Ghanaian plasma IgGs, seven times more often than merozoites opsonized with European plasma IgGs (P<0.001). Our data show that assay set-ups used to evaluate the responses of PMNs and perhaps other effector cells must be chosen carefully to evaluate the appropriate cellular responses. Our robust, stable, and well-characterized methods could therefore be useful in malaria vaccine studies to analyze the antimalarial effector function of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kapelski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany; and
| | - Torsten Klockenbring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany; and
| | - Stefan Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Applied Medical Engineering at Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University and Hospital, Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany; and
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Zhao J, Ma L, Chen S, Xie Y, Xie L, Deng Y, He Y, Li T, Wang J, Li S, Qin X. Association between Fc-gamma receptor IIa (CD32) gene polymorphism and malaria susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 6928 subjects. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 23:169-75. [PMID: 24594077 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies about the association between the -131R/H polymorphism in the Fc-gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) gene and malaria susceptibility have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify more accurately the association of this polymorphism with malaria risk. METHODS A systematic literature search of the associated studies up to August 1, 2013, was conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Statistical analyses were performed by STATA12.0 software, with odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Six eligible studies including 4111 malaria cases and 2817 controls were identified. A pooled analysis of these studies pointed to a significant association between the variant H allele and reduced susceptibility to malaria or possible protection against malaria: H vs. R (OR=0.691, POR=0.009); HH vs. RR (OR=0.523, POR=0.013); RH vs. RR (OR=0.770, POR=0.037); RH+HH vs. RR (OR=0.664, POR=0.019); and HH vs. RH+RR (OR=0.649, POR=0.037). In subgroup analysis, similar significant associations were also found in Asia (HH vs. RR: OR=0.137, POR=0.009; HH vs. RH+RR: OR=0.267, POR=0.000) and in Africa (RH vs. RR: OR=0.842, POR=0.002; RH+HH vs. RR: OR=0.859, POR=0.004). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the variant H allele of the FcγRIIa-131R/H polymorphism may be a protective factor against blood-stages of malaria infection, both in Asians and Africans. The finding may aid the development of effective immune protection strategies against malaria that focus on antibody responses and enrich current knowledge of gene polymorphism in the malaria. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yantong Xie
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Taijie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Maiga B, Dolo A, Touré O, Dara V, Tapily A, Campino S, Sepulveda N, Corran P, Rockett K, Clark TG, Blomberg MT, Doumbo OK. Fc gamma receptor IIa-H131R polymorphism and malaria susceptibility in sympatric ethnic groups, Fulani and Dogon of Mali. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:43-50. [PMID: 24117665 PMCID: PMC3992902 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously shown that there are some interethnic differences in susceptibility to malaria between two sympatric ethnic groups of Mali, the Fulani and the Dogon. The lower susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria seen in the Fulani has not been fully explained by genetic polymorphisms previously known to be associated with malaria resistance, including haemoglobin S (HbS), haemoglobin C (HbC), alpha-thalassaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Given the observed differences in the distribution of FcγRIIa allotypes among different ethnic groups and with malaria susceptibility that have been reported, we analysed the rs1801274-R131H polymorphism in the FcγRIIa gene in a study of Dogon and Fulani in Mali (n = 939). We confirm that the Fulani have less parasite densities, less parasite prevalence, more spleen enlargement and higher levels of total IgG antibodies (anti-CSP, anti-AMA1, anti-MSP1 and anti-MSP2) and more total IgE (P < 0.05) compared with the Dogon ethnic group. Furthermore, the Fulani exhibit higher frequencies of the blood group O (56.5%) compared with the Dogon (43.5%) (P < 0.001). With regard to the FcγRIIa polymorphism and allele frequency, the Fulani group have a higher frequency of the H allele (Fulani 0.474, Dogon 0.341, P < 0.0001), which was associated with greater total IgE production (P = 0.004). Our findings show that the FcγRIIa polymorphism might have an implication in the relative protection seen in the Fulani tribe, with confirmatory studies required in other malaria endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Maiga
- Malaria Research and Training Center/Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto - Stomatology, Bamako/USTTB, Mali; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Du Clos TW. Pentraxins: structure, function, and role in inflammation. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:379040. [PMID: 24167754 PMCID: PMC3791837 DOI: 10.1155/2013/379040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The pentraxins are an ancient family of proteins with a unique architecture found as far back in evolution as the Horseshoe crab. In humans the two members of this family are C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P. Pentraxins are defined by their sequence homology, their pentameric structure and their calcium-dependent binding to their ligands. Pentraxins function as soluble pattern recognition molecules and one of the earliest and most important roles for these proteins is host defense primarily against pathogenic bacteria. They function as opsonins for pathogens through activation of the complement pathway and through binding to Fc gamma receptors. Pentraxins also recognize membrane phospholipids and nuclear components exposed on or released by damaged cells. CRP has a specific interaction with small nuclear ribonucleoproteins whereas SAP is a major recognition molecule for DNA, two nuclear autoantigens. Studies in autoimmune and inflammatory disease models suggest that pentraxins interact with macrophage Fc receptors to regulate the inflammatory response. Because CRP is a strong acute phase reactant it is widely used as a marker of inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W. Du Clos
- The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service 151, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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12
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Adu B, Dodoo D, Adukpo S, Hedley PL, Arthur FKN, Gerds TA, Larsen SO, Christiansen M, Theisen M. Fc γ receptor IIIB (FcγRIIIB) polymorphisms are associated with clinical malaria in Ghanaian children. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46197. [PMID: 23049979 PMCID: PMC3458101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria kills nearly a million people annually. Over 90% of these deaths occur in children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. A neutrophil mediated mechanism, the antibody dependent respiratory burst (ADRB), was recently shown to correlate with protection from clinical malaria. Human neutrophils constitutively express Fc gamma receptor-FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB by which they interact with immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG)-subclass antibodies. Polymorphisms in exon 4 of FCGR2A and exon 3 of FCGR3B genes encoding FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB respectively have been described to alter the affinities of both receptors for IgG. Here, associations between specific polymorphisms, encoding FcγRIIA p.H166R and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2/SH variants with clinical malaria were investigated in a longitudinal malaria cohort study. FcγRIIA-p.166H/R was genotyped by gene specific polymerase chain reaction followed by allele specific restriction enzyme digestion. FCGR3B-exon 3 was sequenced in 585 children, aged 1 to 12 years living in a malaria endemic region of Ghana. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found no association between FcγRIIA-166H/R polymorphism and clinical malaria. The A-allele of FCGR3B-c.233C>A (rs5030738) was significantly associated with protection from clinical malaria under two out of three genetic models (additive: p=0.0061; recessive: p=0.097; dominant: p=0.0076) of inheritance. The FcγRIIIB-SH allotype (CTGAAA) containing the 233A-allele (in bold) was associated with protection from malaria (p=0.049). The FcγRIIIB-NA2*03 allotype (CTGCGA), a variant of the classical FcγRIIIB-NA2 (CTGCAA) was associated with susceptibility to clinical malaria (p=0.0092). The present study is the first to report an association between a variant of FcγRIIIB-NA2 and susceptibility to clinical malaria and provides justification for further functional characterization of variants of the classical FcγRIIIB allotypes. This would be crucial to the improvement of neutrophil mediated functional assays such as the ADRB assay aimed at assessing the functionality of antibodies induced by candidate malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Adu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Dodoo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Selorme Adukpo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula L. Hedley
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fareed K. N. Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Thomas A. Gerds
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Severin O. Larsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Theisen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Role of polymorphisms of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, TLR9, toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) and FCGR2A genes in malaria susceptibility and severity in Burundian children. Malar J 2012; 11:196. [PMID: 22691414 PMCID: PMC3411399 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is one of the leading causes of human morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, predominantly in tropical and sub-tropical countries. As genetic variations in the toll-like receptors (TLRs)-signalling pathway have been associated with either susceptibility or resistance to several infectious and inflammatory diseases, the supposition is that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) and FCGR2A could modulate malaria susceptibility and severity. Methods This study was planned to make a further contribution to solving the problem of the real role of the most common polymorphisms of TLR4, TLR9, TIRAP and FCGR2A genes in modulating the risk of malaria and disease severity in children from Burundi, Central Africa. All the paediatric patients aged six months to 10 years admitted to the hospital of Kiremba, Burundi, between February 2011 and September 2011, for fever and suspicion of acute malaria were screened for malaria parasitaemia by light microscopy of thick and thin blood smears. In children with malaria and in uninfected controls enrolled during the study period in the same hospital, blood samples were obtained on filter paper and TLR4 Asp299Gly rs4986790, TLR9 G1174A rs352139, T-1486 C rs187084 TLR9 T-1237 C rs5743836, TIRAP Ser180Leu rs8177374 and the FCGR2A His131Arg rs1801274 polymorphisms were studied using an ABI PRISM 7900 HT Fast Real-time instrument. Results A total of 602 patients and 337 controls were enrolled. Among the malaria cases, 553 (91.9 %) were considered as suffering from uncomplicated and 49 (8.1 %) from severe malaria. TLR9 T1237C rs5743836CC was associated with an increased risk of developing malaria (p = 0.03), although it was found with the same frequency in uncomplicated and severe malaria cases. No other differences were found in all alleles studied and in genotype frequencies between malaria cases and uninfected controls as well as between uncomplicated and severe malaria cases. Conclusions TLR9 T1237C seems to condition susceptibility to malaria in Burundian children but not its severity, whereas none of the assessed SNPs of TLR4, TIRAP and FCGR2A seem to influence susceptibility to malaria and disease severity in this population.
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