1
|
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia Type 4. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091512. [PMID: 36140680 PMCID: PMC9498659 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasias (MED) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of skeletal dysplasias with a predominant lesion in the epiphyses of tubular bones. Variants in the SLC26A2 gene cause their autosomal recessive form (rMED or MED type 4). The accumulation of data regarding the genotype−phenotype correlation can help in the diagnosis and proper management of these patients. The aim of this study was to survey the clinical and genetic characteristics of 55 patients with MED type 4 caused by variants in the SLC26A2 gene. Diagnosis confirmation was carried out by radiography and custom panel sequencing consisting of 166 genes responsible for the development of hereditary skeletal pathology. This was followed by the validation of the identified variants using automated Sanger sequencing (for six patients) and the direct automatic Sanger sequencing of the coding sequence and the adjacent intron regions of the SLC26A2 gene for 49 patients. Based on the clinical and genetic analysis of our sample of patients, two main MED type 4 phenotypes with early and late clinical manifestations were identified. An early and more severe form of the disease was observed in patients with the c.835C > T variant (p.Arg279Trp), and the late and milder form of the disease was observed in patients with the c.1957T > A variant (p.Cys653Ser) in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state with c.26 + 2T > C. It was also shown that only three pathogenic variants were found in 95.3% of the alleles of Russian patients with MED type 4: c.1957T > A (p.Cys653Ser), c.835C > T (p.Arg279Trp), and c.26 + 2T > C; thus, it can be assumed that the primary analysis of these variants will contribute to the optimal molecular genetic diagnostics of MED type 4.
Collapse
|
2
|
Hordyjewska-Kowalczyk E, Nowosad K, Jamsheer A, Tylzanowski P. Genotype-phenotype correlation in clubfoot (talipes equinovarus). J Med Genet 2021; 59:209-219. [PMID: 34782442 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) is a congenital malformation affecting muscles, bones, connective tissue and vascular or neurological structures in limbs. It has a complex aetiology, both genetic and environmental. To date, the most important findings in clubfoot genetics involve PITX1 variants, which were linked to clubfoot phenotype in mice and humans. Additionally, copy number variations encompassing TBX4 or single nucleotide variants in HOXC11, the molecular targets of the PITX1 transcription factor, were linked to the clubfoot phenotype. In general, genes of cytoskeleton and muscle contractile apparatus, as well as components of the extracellular matrix and connective tissue, are frequently linked with clubfoot aetiology. Last but not least, an equally important element, that brings us closer to a better understanding of the clubfoot genotype/phenotype correlation, are studies on the two known animal models of clubfoot-the pma or EphA4 mice. This review will summarise the current state of knowledge of the molecular basis of this congenital malformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland
| | - Karol Nowosad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland.,The Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland .,Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
SLC26A2-Associated Diastrophic Dysplasia and rMED-Clinical Features in Affected Finnish Children and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050714. [PMID: 34064542 PMCID: PMC8151170 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a rare osteochondrodysplasia characterized by short-limbed short stature and joint dysplasia. DTD is caused by mutations in SLC26A2 and is particularly common in the Finnish population. However, the disease incidence in Finland and clinical features in affected individuals have not been recently explored. This registry-based study aimed to investigate the current incidence of DTD in Finland, characterize the national cohort of pediatric subjects with DTD and review the disease-related literature. Subjects with SLC26A2-related skeletal dysplasia, born between 2000 and 2020, were identified from the Skeletal dysplasia registry and from hospital patient registry and their clinical and molecular data were reviewed. Fourteen subjects were identified. Twelve of them were phenotypically classified as DTD and two, as recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED). From the subjects with available genetic data, 75% (9/12) were homozygous for the Finnish founder mutation c.-26+2T>C. Two subjects with rMED phenotype were compound heterozygous for p.Arg279Trp and p.Thr512Lys variants. The variable phenotypes in our cohort highlight the wide spectrum of clinical features, ranging from a very severe form of DTD to milder forms of DTD and rMED. The incidence of DTD in Finland has significantly decreased over the past decades, most likely due to increased prenatal diagnostics.
Collapse
|
4
|
Drtikolová Kaupová S, Velemínský P, Cvrček J, Džupa V, Kuželka V, Laboš M, Němečková A, Tomková K, Zazvonilová E, Kacki S. Multiple occurrence of premature polyarticular osteoarthritis in an early medieval Bohemian cemetery (Prague, Czech Republic). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 30:35-46. [PMID: 32417673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To highlight conditions that may cause early-onset degenerative joint disease, and to assess the possible impact of such diseases upon everyday life. MATERIAL Four adults aged under 50 years from a medieval skeletal collection of Prague (Czechia). METHODS Visual, osteometric, X-ray, and histological examinations, stable isotope analysis of bone collagen. RESULTS All four individuals showed multiple symmetrical degenerative changes, affecting the majority of joints of the postcranial skeleton. Associated dysplastic deformities were observed in all individuals, including bilateral hip dysplasia (n = 1), flattening of the femoral condyles (n = 3), and substantial deformation of the elbows (n = 3). The diet of the affected individuals differed from the contemporary population sample. CONCLUSIONS We propose the diagnosis of a mild form of skeletal dysplasia in these four individuals, with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia or type-II collagenopathy linked to premature osteoarthritis as the most probable causes. SIGNIFICANCE Combining the skeletal findings with information from the medical literature, this paper defines several characteristic traits which may assist with the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia in the archaeological record. LIMITATIONS As no genetic analysis was performed to confirm the possible kinship of the individuals, it is not possible to definitively assess whether the individuals suffered from the same hereditary condition or from different forms of skeletal dysplasia. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Further studies on premature osteoarthritis in archaeological skeletal series are needed to correct the underrepresentation of these mild forms of dysplasia in past populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Drtikolová Kaupová
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Václavské Náměstí 68, 11579 Praha 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Václavské Náměstí 68, 11579 Praha 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Cvrček
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Václavské Náměstí 68, 11579 Praha 1, Czech Republic; Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Valér Džupa
- Deparment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 50, 100 34, Praha 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Vítězslav Kuželka
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Václavské Náměstí 68, 11579 Praha 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Laboš
- Deparment of Radiodiagnostics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 50, 100 34, Praha 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Němečková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarská 48, 301 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Tomková
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v.v.i., Letenská 4, 118 01 Praha 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliška Zazvonilová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v.v.i., Letenská 4, 118 01 Praha 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Sacha Kacki
- CNRS, UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bât. B8, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kausar M, Mäkitie RE, Toiviainen-Salo S, Ignatius J, Anees M, Mäkitie O. Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia - Clinical characteristics caused by rare compound heterozygous SLC26A2 genotypes. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103573. [PMID: 30423444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic sequence variants in the solute carrier family 26 member 2 (SLC26A2) gene result in lethal (achondrogenesis Ib and atelosteogenesis II) and non-lethal (diastrophic dysplasia and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, rMED) chondrodysplasias. We report on two new patients with rMED and very rare compound heterozygous mutation combinations in non-consanguineous families. Patient I presented in childhood with waddling gait and joint stiffness. Radiographs showed epiphyseal changes, bilateral coxa plana-deformity and knee valgus deformity, for which he underwent surgeries. At present 33 years his height is 165 cm. Patient II presented with cleft palate, small jaw, short limbs, underdeveloped thumbs and on radiographs, cervical kyphosis with an underdeveloped C4. He also developed severe scoliosis but has grown at -2.9 SD curve. Molecular analysis revealed that patient I is heterozygous for two known pathogenic variants in SLC26A2, a splice site variant c.-26+2T > C and a missense variant c.1957T > A (p.Cys653Ser), while patient II is compound heterozygous for missense variants c.835C > T (p.Arg279Trp) and c.1535C > A (p.Thr512Lys). These patients further elucidate the variability of the phenotypic and genetic presentations of rMED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka E Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Toiviainen-Salo
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Ignatius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Kong Z, Zhu M, Lu W, Ni L, Bai Y, Lou Y. Whole genome sequencing identifies ANXA3 and MTHFR mutations in a large family with an unknown equinus deformity associated genetic disorder. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1147-55. [PMID: 27475959 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize a previously uncharacterized genetic disorder associated with equinus deformity in a large Chinese family at the genetic level. Blood samples were obtained and whole genome sequencing was performed. Differential gene variants were identified and potential impacts on protein structure were predicted. Based on the control sample, several diseases associated variants were identified and selected for further validation. One of the potential variants identified was a ANXA3 gene [chr4, c.C820T(p.R274*)] variant. Further bioinformatic analysis showed that the observed mutation could lead to a three-dimensional conformational change. Moreover, a MTHFR variant that is different from variants associated with clubfoot was also identified. Bioinformatic analysis showed that this mutation could alter the protein binding region. These findings imply that this uncharacterized genetic disorder is not clubfoot, despite sharing some similar symptoms. Furthermore, specific CNV profiles were identified in association with the diseased samples, thus further speaking to the complexity of this multigenerational disorder. This study examined a previously uncharacterized genetic disorder appearing similar to clubfoot and yet having distinct features. Following whole genome sequencing and comparative analysis, several differential gene variants were identified to enable a further distinction from clubfoot. It is hoped that these findings will provide further insight into this disorder and other similar disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuqing Kong
- Department of Internal Neurology, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Nanjing Decode Genomics Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Lu
- Nanjing Decode Genomics Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue Lou
- Department of Orthopaedic, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Syvänen J, Helenius I, Hero M, Mäkitie O, Ignatius J. Recessive MED with auricular swelling due to compound heterozygosity Arg279Tpr/Thr512Lys in the SLC26A2 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1491-4. [PMID: 23613459 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Syvänen
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neff MW, Beck JS, Koeman JM, Boguslawski E, Kefene L, Borgman A, Ruhe AL. Partial deletion of the sulfate transporter SLC13A1 is associated with an osteochondrodysplasia in the Miniature Poodle breed. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51917. [PMID: 23300579 PMCID: PMC3530542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A crippling dwarfism was first described in the Miniature Poodle in Great Britain in 1956. Here, we resolve the genetic basis of this recessively inherited disorder. A case-control analysis (8:8) of genotype data from 173 k SNPs revealed a single associated locus on CFA14 (P(raw) <10(-8)). All affected dogs were homozygous for an ancestral haplotype consistent with a founder effect and an identical-by-descent mutation. Systematic failure of nine, nearly contiguous SNPs, was observed solely in affected dogs, suggesting a deletion was the causal mutation. A 130-kb deletion was confirmed both by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and by cloning the physical breakpoints. The mutation was perfectly associated in all cases and obligate heterozygotes. The deletion ablated all but the first exon of SLC13A1, a sodium/sulfate symporter responsible for regulating serum levels of inorganic sulfate. Our results corroborate earlier findings from an Slc13a1 mouse knockout, which resulted in hyposulfatemia and syndromic defects. Interestingly, the metabolic disorder in Miniature Poodles appears to share more clinical signs with a spectrum of human disorders caused by SLC26A2 than with the mouse Slc13a1 model. SLC26A2 is the primary sodium-independent sulfate transporter in cartilage and bone and is important for the sulfation of proteoglycans such as aggregan. We propose that disruption of SLC13A1 in the dog similarly causes undersulfation of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which impacts the conversion of cartilage to bone. A co-dominant DNA test of the deletion was developed to enable breeders to avoid producing affected dogs and to selectively eliminate the mutation from the gene pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Neff
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Canine Behavior, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lacassie Y, Storment JM, Lazarin GA. Serendipitous diagnosis of mild recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia through parental-targeted screening test. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:3136-8. [PMID: 22052783 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lacassie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mäkitie O, Savarirayan R, Bonafé L, Robertson S, Susic M, Superti-Furga A, Cole WG. Autosomal recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia with homozygosity for C653S in the DTDST gene: double-layer patella as a reliable sign. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 122A:187-92. [PMID: 12966518 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST) gene result in a family of skeletal dysplasias, which comprise lethal (achondrogenesis type 1B and atelosteogenesis type 2) and non-lethal conditions (diastrophic dysplasia and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED)). The most frequent mutation is R279W, which in a homozygous state results in rMED with bilateral clubfoot, MED, and "double layered" patella. We describe three patients with rMED caused by a previously unreported homozygous mutation in the DTDST gene. The three patients (from two families) were born to healthy, non-consanguineous parents. All developed signs of hip dysplasia in early childhood and two had episodes of recurrent patella dislocation. Two underwent bilateral total hip replacements at ages 13 and 14 years. The feet, external ears, and palate were normal. Stature was normal in all cases. Radiographs showed dysplastic femoral heads, mild generalized epiphyseal dysplasia, abnormal patella ossification, and normal hands and feet. Direct sequence analysis of genomic DNA demonstrated a homozygous 1984T > A (C653S) change in the DTDST gene in all patients. The clinically normal parents were heterozygous for the change. This is the first description of a homozygous C653S mutation of the DTDST gene. Hip dysplasia and patella hypermobility dominates the otherwise mild phenotype. These patients further expand the range of causative mutations in the DTD skeletal dysplasia family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Outi Mäkitie
- Center for the Study of Heritable Connective Tissue Diseases, Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fiedler J, Stöve J, Heber F, Brenner RE. Clinical phenotype and molecular diagnosis of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia with relative hip sparing during childhood (EDM2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 112:144-53. [PMID: 12244547 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on a family of 19 individuals over four generations in which 12 members are affected with a variant of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. Beginning in childhood, the disease leads to pain and stiffness of knees, ankles, elbows and finger joints. Some adult patients repeatedly suffer from free articular bodies resulting in locking of the joint. Finally, affected individuals are prone to the development of early degenerative joint disease. Mutation screening of candidate regions revealed a novel point mutation at position -1 in the COL9A2 exon 3/intron 3 splicing region. This G --> C substitution most probably induces an alteration of the splicing process. Family screening was carried out by both automated sequencing and by digestion of amplicons with BsaWI. We confirmed the nucleotide substitution in eight clinically affected family members as well as in three presymptomatic young children. Electron microscopy showed that the diameter of collagen fibrils from arthroscopically removed free articular bodies of two patients was not obviously different from that of normal articular cartilage. Together with previous reports our results indicate that mutations leading to skipping of exon 3 within the COL3 domain of the alpha2-chain of collagen type IX may be relatively common in patients with a special subtype of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) in which the hips are not markedly affected at early age (EDM2). In these patients and their families, mutation screening of the candidate regions may help to confirm the diagnosis, lead to appropriate advice for lifestyle and well based genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fiedler
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Unger S, Hecht JT. Pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: New etiologic developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [PMID: 11891674 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) (OMIM#177170) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) are separate but overlapping osteochondrodysplasias. PSACH is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by short-limb short stature, loose joints, and early-onset osteoarthropathy. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical and radiographic findings. Only mutations in the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) gene have been reported in PSACH, and all family studies have been consistent with linkage to the COMP locus on chromosome 19. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a relatively mild chondrodysplasia but like PSACH, MED causes early-onset joint degeneration, particularly of the large weight-bearing joints. Given the clinical similarity between PSACH and MED, it was not surprising that the first MED locus identified was the COMP gene (EDM1). Mutations causing MED have now been identified in five other genes (COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, DTDST, and MATN3), making MED one of the most genetically heterogeneous disorders. This article reviews the clinical features of PSACH and MED, the known mutations, and the pathogenetic effect of COMP mutations on the cartilage extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Unger
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Czarny-Ratajczak M, Lohiniva J, Rogala P, Kozlowski K, Perälä M, Carter L, Spector TD, Kolodziej L, Seppänen U, Glazar R, Królewski J, Latos-Bielenska A, Ala-Kokko L. A mutation in COL9A1 causes multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: further evidence for locus heterogeneity. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69:969-80. [PMID: 11565064 PMCID: PMC1274373 DOI: 10.1086/324023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2001] [Accepted: 08/24/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is an autosomal dominantly inherited chondrodysplasia. It is clinically highly heterogeneous, partially because of its complex genetic background. Mutations in four genes, COL9A2, COL9A3, COMP, and MATR3, all coding for cartilage extracellular matrix components (i.e., the alpha2 and alpha 3 chains of collagen IX, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and matrilin-3), have been identified in this disease so far, but no mutations have yet been reported in the third collagen IX gene, COL9A1, which codes for the alpha1(IX) chain. MED with apparently recessive inheritance has been reported in some families. A homozygous R279W mutation was recently found in the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter gene, DTDST, in a patient with MED who had a club foot and double-layered patella. The series consisted of 41 probands with MED, 16 of whom were familial and on 4 of whom linkage analyses were performed. Recombination was observed between COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, and COMP and the MED phenotype in two of the families, and between COL9A2, COL9A3, and COMP and the phenotype in the other two families. Screening of COL9A1 for mutations in the two probands from the families in which this gene was not involved in the recombinations failed to identify any disease-causing mutations. The remaining 37 probands were screened for mutations in all three collagen IX genes and in the COMP gene. The probands with talipes deformities or multipartite patella were also screened for the R279W mutation in DTDST. The analysis resulted in identification of three mutations in COMP and one in COL9A1, but none in the other two collagen IX genes. Two of the probands with a multipartite patella had the homozygous DTDST mutation. The results show that mutations in COL9A1 can cause MED, but they also suggest that mutations in COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, COMP, and DTDST are not the major causes of MED and that there exists at least one additional locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Czarny-Ratajczak
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Jaana Lohiniva
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Piotr Rogala
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Kazimierz Kozlowski
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Merja Perälä
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Liisa Carter
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Lukasz Kolodziej
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Ulpu Seppänen
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Renata Glazar
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Jan Królewski
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Anna Latos-Bielenska
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Leena Ala-Kokko
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Departments of Medical Genetics and Orthopaedics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney; Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London; Orthopaedic Clinic for Children, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Center for Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| |
Collapse
|