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Finiels PJ, Batifol D. The treatment of occipital neuralgia: Review of 111 cases. Neurochirurgie 2016; 62:233-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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The use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of the consequences of bruxism on cervical spine musculature. Toxicon 2014; 80:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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3
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Gasparini S, Ferlazzo E, Tripodi GG, Cianci V, Aguglia U. Botulism-induced unilateral submandibular sialoadenitis: a case report. Neurol Sci 2013; 34:2225-6. [PMID: 23686444 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gasparini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Regional Epilepsy Centre, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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4
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Utilisation de la toxine botulinique dans les cervicalgies postopératoires en chirurgie rachidienne : résultats préliminaires. Neurochirurgie 2010; 56:374-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Hornik A, Gruener G, Jay WM. Adverse Reactions from Botulinum Toxin Administration. Neuroophthalmology 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/01658100903576334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Arnaud S, Batifol D, Goudot P, Yachouh J. Prise en charge non chirurgicale des plaies de la glande parotide et du canal de Stenon: intérêt de la toxine botulinique. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2008; 53:36-40. [PMID: 17382446 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salivary fistulas and sialoceles are rare complications of post-traumatic or postoperative parotid gland and duct injuries. Local injections of type A botulinum toxin represent a new and effective treatment for complications of these injuries, which is less invasive, stressful and lengthy than conventional methods. The authors report five cases in which three salivary fistulas and two sialoceles were successfully treated by botulinum toxin injections. The therapeutic protocol is described; it allows simple management of these complications and use of smaller doses than those described in the literature for treatment of sialoceles. The authors recommend use of botulinum toxin injections in first intention for management of salivary fistulas and sialoceles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arnaud
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Stomatologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier, 191, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
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Marchese MR, Almadori G, Giorgio A, Paludetti G. Post-surgical role of botulinum toxin-A injection in patients with head and neck cancer: personal experience. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2008; 28:13-16. [PMID: 18533549 PMCID: PMC2640068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Personal experience is discussed in the use of botulinum neurotoxin injections into both parotids, performed in order to transiently reduce salivation in patients undergoing major ablative and ablative-reconstructive oncologic surgery for head and neck tumours. Overall, 8 adult patients (2 female, 6 male) have been treated. Six cases were affected by pharyngocutaneous fistulas, one by severe sialorrhoea and one recurrent sialocele. After the injection, patients were regularly observed at follow-up and asked to give their subjective assessment of salivary flow. Investigations concerning possible complaints, including side-effects, as well as complete examination of the head and neck area were performed. Follow-up periods ranged from 12 to 24 weeks (mean 20 weeks). Following botulinum neurotoxin injection, the fistula was dry after a mean period of 4.5 days (min 3 days, max 8 days) and was closed 6.6 days (min 5 days, max 8 days) later. The patient affected by severe hypersalivation reported subjective improvement in sialorrhoea 4 days post-treatment. The patient affected by recurrent sialocele, required only one aspiration of fluid two days after the treatment, after which there were no further problems. Post-operative saliva-related complications significantly increase patient morbidity and hospital stay after major tumour surgery. The easy, safe and effective treatment with botulinum neurotoxin injection, observed in our experience, suggest its significant role as a useful option in the post-operative saliva-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Marchese
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. Dental implications of some common movement disorders: a concise review. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 52:395-8. [PMID: 17125732 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Movement disorders - or dyskinesias - are characterized by involuntary movements. Despite the major role for medical specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of dyskinesias, dentists are confronted with such disorders as well. Unfortunately, the literature regarding the dental implications of movement disorders is still scarce. This concise review describes the dental implications of some common dyskinesias, viz., Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, Huntington's disease, idiopathic torsion dystonia, oral dyskinesias, and Parkinson's disease. It was concluded that these dyskinesias may have profound dental implications. Not only do generalized dyskinesias have focal manifestations in the orofacial region, but there are also dyskinesias that exclusively affect the orofacial area. The oral manifestations of dyskinesias are in part directly related to the disorder, and in part medicine-related. Dentists should be able to recognize the oral manifestations and, when properly trained, to manage them adequately. In most instances, a multidisciplinary approach upon referral is necessary, including the medical specialists involved. Unfortunately, the level of evidence of the selected papers was generally low. In our rapidly ageing population, it is a challenge for all of us to improve the quality of this emerging field, for the sake of this sometimes heavily infirmed category of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Oral Function, Section of Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Arnaud S, Batifol D, Goudot P, Yachouh J. Nonsurgical Management of Traumatic Injuries of the Parotid Gland and Duct Using Type A Botulinum Toxin. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 117:2426-30. [PMID: 16772951 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000219132.34809.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Arnaud
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
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Hagenah J, Kahl KG, Steinlechner S, Lencer R, Klein C. [Treatment of sialorrhea with botulinum toxin: an overview]. DER NERVENARZT 2005; 76:418-25. [PMID: 15448912 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-004-1799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypersalivation (sialorrhea) is a common complaint of patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and a frequently disabling side effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs. Conventional treatment including oral anticholinergic or antihistamine medication is often limited by adverse effects and lack of efficacy. Over the past few years, several studies reported decreased drooling after injections of botulinum toxin into the salivary glands. This review describes the current state of treatment of sialorrhea with botulinum toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hagenah
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universität Lübeck.
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Zesiewicz TA, Stamey W, Sullivan KL, Hauser RA. Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of cervical dystonia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005; 5:2017-24. [PMID: 15330738 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.5.9.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD) is the most common adult-onset focal dystonia. It is characterised by relatively sustained, involuntary contractions of neck muscles. Injections of botulinum toxin (BTX)-A are safe and effective for the treatment of ICD, and have substantially improved its treatment. BTX-A is manufactured by Allergan Pharmaceuticals in the US and Ireland, and is distributed as Botox. In Europe, BTX-A is manufactured and distributed by Ipsen Pharmaceuticals as Dysport. Success rates for BTX-A injections for ICD ranges 64-90%, with 76-93% of injected patients experiencing pain reduction. Side effects are generally mild and include dysphagia and neck weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Zesiewicz
- University of South Florida, Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders Center, 4 Columbia Drive, Suite 410, Tampa, Florida 33606, USA
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Savarese R, Diamond M, Elovic E, Millis SR. Intraparotid Injection of Botulinum Toxin A as a Treatment to Control Sialorrhea in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 83:304-11; quiz 312-4, 336. [PMID: 15024333 DOI: 10.1097/01.phm.0000104680.28335.b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the management of drooling (sialorrhea) in children and young adults with cerebral palsy. DESIGN Twenty-one children were enrolled in an open-label, nonblinded prospective study. Subjective and objective measures were used to determine the effect of botulinum toxin A on drooling and saliva production. Subjective measures included visual scales to document the child's severity and frequency of drooling. Objective measures included the number of bibs used per day and salivary secretion. At the initial visit, subjective and objective measures established the child's baseline drooling and saliva production. Fifteen units of botulinum toxin A was injected into each parotid glans. At each fellow-up visit of telephone survey, subjective and objective measures were recorded to monitor the child's drooling and saliva production. A postinjection questionnaire evaluated overall effect and caregiver satisfaction. RESULTS The visual analog scales and number of bibs used per day demonstrated statistically significant reduction in severity and frequency of drooling at 2 wks, 1 mo and 2 mos. Salivary production was significantly reduced at 1-mo fellow-up. Eighty-nine percent of the caregivers reported and improvement of their child's drooling after botulinum toxin A injection. Severity-nine percent of caregivers were satisfied with the treatment and would perform the treatment again. CONCLUSION Intraparotid injections of botulinum toxin A are efficacious in decreasing severity and frequency of drooling, the number of bibs used per day, and the production of saliva in children with cerebral palsy. The injections are relatively safe and adverse effects were observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Savarese
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07091, USA
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Ellies M, Laskawi R, Rohrbach-Volland S, Arglebe C, Beuche W. Botulinum toxin to reduce saliva flow: selected indications for ultrasound-guided toxin application into salivary glands. Laryngoscope 2002; 112:82-6. [PMID: 11802043 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200201000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The study investigates the effect of local injections of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) into the major salivary glands of the head in various states of hypersalivation. In particular, we studied pathological states with permanent as well as passing hypersalivation disorders and present new indications for local application of botulinum toxin to the salivary glands. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical investigation. METHODS A total of 55 to 65 units of Botox were injected under sonographic control into the left and right parotid and submandibular glands of four patients with hypersalivation resulting from head and neck carcinoma, tracheostomy, and "idiopathic" hypersalivation disorder. At defined time intervals following injection, flow rate, total protein and immunoglobulin A content, and the enzymatic activities of amylase, acid phosphatase, and kallikrein were determined in the saliva. The patients were clinically examined to assess the severity of their symptoms, including sonographic control of the major salivary glands. RESULTS All four patients reported distinct improvement of their symptoms within 1 week after injection. Salivary flow rate had considerably dropped, whereas the concentrations of the salivary components were much increased. Sonography did not reveal any changes of the salivary gland parenchyma. Therapeutic side effects were absent. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of hypersalivation by local injections of Botox into the salivary glands of the head is a reliable and efficient therapy without side effects for certain otolaryngological diseases, especially if injections are performed under sonographic control. Extension of this therapeutic concept to other indications is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Ellies
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universitäts-HNO-Klinik, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Ellies M, Laskawi R, Tormählen G, Götz W. The effect of local injection of botulinum toxin A on the parotid gland of the rat: an immunohistochemical and morphometric study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58:1251-6. [PMID: 11078136 DOI: 10.1053/joms.2000.16625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this investigation, the effect of a local injection of botulinum toxin A on the concentration of acetylcholinesterase in the parotid gland of the rat was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS After local injection into the parotid glands of female Wistar rats, the treated glands were excised, and immunohistochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase was performed. To discover possible changes in cell morphology after local application of botulinum toxin A, morphometric measurements also were performed on the excised parotid glands. RESULTS In contrast to the untreated, physiologic saline-injected, glands, there was a decrease in the concentration of acetylcholinesterase in the glands treated with botulinum toxin. No persistent changes in the number of acinar cells could be observed. CONCLUSIONS Because the cholinergic pathway of the autonomic nervous system has great importance in the secretion of fluid from the salivary glands, blocking this pathway and local application of botulinum toxin offers a possible therapeutic option for the treatment of hypersalivation in various otolaryngologic and neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ellies
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Göttingen, Germany.
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Marchese Ragona R, Blotta P, Pastore A, Tugnoli V, Eleopra R, De Grandis D. Management of parotid sialocele with botulinum toxin. Laryngoscope 1999; 109:1344-6. [PMID: 10443847 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-199908000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fisher KV, Giddens CL, Gray SD. Does botulinum toxin alter laryngeal secretions and mucociliary transport? J Voice 1998; 12:389-98. [PMID: 9763190 DOI: 10.1016/s0892-1997(98)80030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Localized botulinum toxin injection disrupts cholinergic transmission and has potential to cause focal dysautonomia. Mucociliary transport and laryngeal secretions are thought to be mediated in part by autonomic, cholinergic transmission. We questioned whether patients who receive Botox injection for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) report postinjection symptoms possibly related to altered mucociliary clearance or laryngeal secretions. Medical histories, audiotaped interviews, and symptom ratings were retrospectively examined for 29 patients with ADSD who were followed after one or more Botox injections. Patients had received bilateral, percutaneous Botox injections of 2.5 units using an EMG-guided approach. One or more weeks after injection, four patients reported either burning, tickling, or irritation of the larynx/throat, excessive thick secretions, or dryness. Symptoms recurred with subsequent injections in two patients and were not associated with swallowing difficulty. These symptoms are consistent with, but not diagnostic of, the known effects of botulinum toxin on cholinergic, autonomic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Fisher
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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LeWitt PA, Trosch RM. Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to intramuscular botulinum toxin type A injection. Mov Disord 1997; 12:1064-7. [PMID: 9399239 DOI: 10.1002/mds.870120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three cases of adverse reactions to repeated intramuscular botulinum toxin A (BTA) injections are described: a persistent rash on the face at the site of injection, a localized anaphylactic reaction following BTA injection into one leg, and bilateral ptosis repeatedly following BTA injection into neck muscles. The mechanisms for these idiosyncratic adverse responses are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A LeWitt
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, Sinai Hospital, West Bloomfield, Michigan, USA
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Bushara KO. Sialorrhea in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a hypothesis of a new treatment--botulinum toxin A injections of the parotid glands. Med Hypotheses 1997; 48:337-9. [PMID: 9160288 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory action of botulinum toxin is not confined to the neuromuscular junction. The toxin has long been known to block all the autonomic cholinergic fibers, including the major secretomotor parasympathetic fibers to salivary glands. The parotids are the largest of the salivary glands and their selective chemodenervation with botulinum toxin A is likely to result in substantial reduction of saliva production. Injection of the parotid glands with botulinum toxin is proposed as an new treatment for sialorrhea in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison 53792, USA
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Schulze-Bonhage A, Schroder M, Ferbert A. Botulinum toxin in the therapy of gustatory sweating. J Neurol 1996; 243:143-6. [PMID: 8750551 DOI: 10.1007/bf02444005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three patients suffering from gustatory sweating following trauma to the preauricular region from a bullet wound or parotid gland surgery were treated by intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin A. Within 2 weeks, gustatory sweating in the area injected completely ceased in all patients with no side-effects. The efficacy of treatment was confirmed by repeated Minor's iodine starch tests. So far, sweating has not recurred during a follow-up period of up to 8 months. Botulinum toxin appears to be a promising new drug for the treatment of this autonomic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schulze-Bonhage
- Neurologische Klinik, Stadtische Kliniken Kassel, Mochebergstrasse, Germany
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Engelen BGMV, Renier WO, Weemaes CRM. MATTERS ARISING: Van Engelen et al reply:. J Neurol Psychiatry 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.59.1.105-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mann AC. MATTERS ARISING: Mann replies:. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.59.1.105-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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