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Pandics T, Major D, Fazekas-Pongor V, Szarvas Z, Peterfi A, Mukli P, Gulej R, Ungvari A, Fekete M, Tompa A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Conley S, Csiszar A, Tabak AG, Benyo Z, Adany R, Ungvari Z. Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures. GeroScience 2023; 45:3381-3408. [PMID: 37688657 PMCID: PMC10643494 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging population worldwide is facing a significant increase in age-related non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and brain pathologies. This comprehensive review paper delves into the impact of the exposome, which encompasses the totality of environmental exposures, on unhealthy aging. It explores how environmental factors contribute to the acceleration of aging processes, increase biological age, and facilitate the development and progression of a wide range of age-associated diseases. The impact of environmental factors on cognitive health and the development of chronic age-related diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and central nervous system is discussed, with a specific focus on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, small vessel disease, and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Aging is a major risk factor for these diseases. Their pathogenesis involves cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging such as increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function, DNA damage, and inflammation and is influenced by environmental factors. Environmental toxicants, including ambient particulate matter, pesticides, heavy metals, and organic solvents, have been identified as significant contributors to cardiovascular and brain aging disorders. These toxicants can inflict both macro- and microvascular damage and many of them can also cross the blood-brain barrier, inducing neurotoxic effects, neuroinflammation, and neuronal dysfunction. In conclusion, environmental factors play a critical role in modulating cardiovascular and brain aging. A deeper understanding of how environmental toxicants exacerbate aging processes and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, VCI, and dementia is crucial for the development of preventive strategies and interventions to promote cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and brain health. By mitigating exposure to harmful environmental factors and promoting healthy aging, we can strive to reduce the burden of age-related cardiovascular and brain pathologies in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pandics
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health Siences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Major
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Szarvas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Peterfi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Tompa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shannon Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adam G Tabak
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, H-1052, Hungary
| | - Roza Adany
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Boyle J, Ward MH, Cerhan JR, Rothman N, Wheeler DC. Modeling historic neighborhood deprivation and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 232:116361. [PMID: 37295583 PMCID: PMC10526976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have identified associations between neighborhood deprivation and disease, emphasizing the importance of social determinants of health. However, when studying diseases with long latency periods such as cancers, considering the timing of exposures for deprivation becomes more important. In this study, we estimated the associations between neighborhood deprivation indices at several time points and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a population-based case-control study at four study centers - Detroit, Iowa, Los Angeles County, and Seattle (1998-2000). We used the Bayesian index regression model and residential histories to estimate neighborhood deprivation index effects in crude models and adjusted for four chemical mixtures measured in house dust and individual-level covariates. We found that neighborhood deprivation in 1980, approximately twenty years before study entry, provided better model fit than did neighborhood deprivation at 1990 and 2000. We identified several statistically significant associations between neighborhood deprivation in 1980 and NHL risk in Iowa and among long-term (20+ years) residents of Detroit. The most important variables in these indices were median gross rent as a percentage of household income in Iowa and percent of single-parent households with at least one child and median household income in Detroit. Associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for individual-level covariates and chemical mixtures, providing evidence for historic neighborhood deprivation as a risk factor for NHL and motivating future research to uncover the specific carcinogens driving these associations in deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Boyle
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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3
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Shin S, Lee WR, Yoon JH, Lee W. Cancer incidence among male construction workers in Korea: a standardized incidence ratio analysis, 2009-2015. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023060. [PMID: 37402413 PMCID: PMC10482566 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Construction workers face an elevated risk for several types of cancer. Nevertheless, there is a lack of large-scale epidemiological studies examining the risk of all cancers in construction workers. This study aimed to investigate the risk of various cancers in male construction workers using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. METHODS We used data from the NHIS database from 2009 to 2015. Construction workers were identified using the Korean Standard Industrial Classification code. We calculated the age-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer occurrence in male construction workers compared to all male workers. RESULTS Compared to all male workers, the SIRs for esophageal cancer (SIR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.42) and malignant neoplasms of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (SIR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.24) were significantly higher in male construction workers. The SIRs for malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract (SIR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.35) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.43) were significantly elevated in building construction workers. The SIR for malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus, and lung (SIR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.29) was significantly higher in heavy and civil engineering workers. CONCLUSIONS Male construction workers have an increased risk for esophageal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, and non- Hodgkin's cancer. Our results indicate that tailored strategies for cancer prevention should be developed for construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonsu Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Ri Lee
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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4
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Goodman JE, Ticknor RC, Zhou J. Systematic review of perchloroethylene and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 4:100077. [PMID: 37637029 PMCID: PMC10446115 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2022.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of epidemiology studies that evaluated the association between perchloroethylene (PCE) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). This included an independent detailed assessment of a few critical aspects of study quality (i.e., study design, exposure measurement, exposure levels, and potential confounding), and a consideration of other aspects of quality less formally. Of the identified 18 cohort studies of 15 unique cohorts, 17 case-control studies of 14 unique population groups, and 3 ecological studies, none was high quality for all four critical quality elements and each study also had other major methodological study limitations. Reported risk estimates were mostly null, ranged widely from below to above 1, and often had extremely wide confidence intervals (CIs), indicating unstable risk estimates. In addition, there was no consistent evidence of dose-response. Overall, given the low quality of the available epidemiology studies, the evidence does not support an association between PCE exposure and NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Goodman
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA 02108, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Ticknor
- Gradient, 600 Stewart St., Suite 1900, Seattle, WA 98108, United States of America
| | - Jean Zhou
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA 02108, United States of America
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5
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Cocco P, Satta G, Meloni F, Pilia I, Ahmed F, Becker N, Casabonne D, de Sanjosé S, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, 't Mannetje A, Zucca M, Ennas MG, Campagna M, De Matteis S, Benavente Y. Occupational exposure to organic dust and risk of lymphoma subtypes in the EPILYMPH case-control study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:42-51. [PMID: 33103203 PMCID: PMC7801142 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to estimate the risk of lymphoma and its major subtypes in relation to occupational exposure to specific organic dusts. Methods We explored the association in 1853 cases and 1997 controls who participated in the EpiLymph case-control study, conducted in six European countries in 1998-2004. Based on expert assessment of lifetime occupational exposures, we calculated the risk of the major lymphoma subtypes associated with exposure to six specific organic dusts, namely, flour, hardwood, softwood, natural textile, synthetic textile, and leather, and two generic (any types) groups: wood and textile dusts. Risk was predicted with unconditional regression modeling, adjusted by age, gender, study center, and education. Results We observed a 2.1-fold increase in risk of follicular lymphoma associated with ever exposure to leather dust [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-4.20]. After excluding subjects who ever worked in a farm or had ever been exposed to solvents, risk of B-cell lymphoma was elevated in relation to ever exposure to leather dust [odd ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% CI 1.00-4.78], but it was not supported by increasing trends with the exposure metrics. Risk of Hodgkin lymphoma was elevated (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.95-4.30) for exposure to textile dust, with consistent upward trends by cumulative exposure and three independent exposure metrics combined (P=0.023, and P=0.0068, respectively). Conclusions Future, larger studies might provide further insights into the nature of the association we observed between exposure to textile dust and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Medicine unit, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari) Italy.
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6
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Michalek IM, Kinnunen TI, Kjaerheim K, Lynge E, Martinsen JI, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, Weiderpass E, Pukkala E. Smoking-adjusted risk of kidney cancer by occupation: a population-based cohort study of Nordic men. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:582-587. [PMID: 32009517 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1714722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that among some occupational groups, there is an elevated risk of kidney cancer. This might, however, derive from a difference in smoking habits across occupational groups. The objective of this study was to determine smoking-adjusted occupational variation in the incidence of kidney cancer in Nordic males.Material and Methods: The source population for this study consisted of 7.4 million men from Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Data on occupation were obtained from national censuses conducted in the years 1960-1990. Data on cancer cases came from national cancer registries. A proxy for the occupation-specific smoking prevalence among all Nordic men was calculated based on the occupation-specific smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence data for Finnish men. Smoking-adjusted standardized incidence ratio (SIRadj) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for each occupational group.Results: The highest SIRadj estimates were observed in dentists (1.32, 95%CI 1.06-1.62), journalists (1.20, 95%CI 1.00-1.42), physicians (1.19, 95%CI 1.03-1.36), public safety workers (1.18, 95%CI 1.10-1.26), administrators (1.17, 95%CI 1.13-1.22), military personnel (1.16, 95%CI 1.05-1.28), and religious workers (1.17, 95%CI 1.09-1.26). The lowest SIRadj was observed among forestry workers (0.82, 95%CI 0.76-0.88).Conclusions: Tobacco smoking plays an important role in the occupational variation in the risk of kidney cancer. The smoking-adjusted incidence of kidney cancer was increased in dentists, physicians, journalists, administrators, and public safety workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Maria Michalek
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Women-Mother-Child Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tarja I Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristina Kjaerheim
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Nykøbing Falster Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Ivar Martinsen
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pär Sparen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Callahan CL, Stewart PA, Friesen MC, Locke S, De Roos AJ, Cerhan JR, Severson RK, Rothman N, Purdue MP. Case-control investigation of occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:415-420. [PMID: 29588333 PMCID: PMC10364142 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although many studies have investigated the association between trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), less is known about other chlorinated solvents. We extended our previous analysis of occupational TCE exposure in a multicentre population-based case-control study of NHL to investigate associations with five additional chlorinated solvents: 1,1,1,-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride and perchloroethylene. METHODS Cases (n=1189) and controls (n=982) provided detailed information on their occupational histories and workplace exposure to chlorinated solvents for selected occupations using job-specific interview modules. An industrial hygienist used this information and a review of the literature to assess occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents. We computed ORs and 95% CIs for different exposure metrics, with the unexposed group as the referent. We also computed ORs by NHL subtype. RESULTS High cumulative hours exposed to carbon tetrachloride was associated with NHL (>520 hours: OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6; Ptrend=0.04). This association remained after restricting to jobs with high-intensity exposure (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8; P=0.03) and ≥90% exposure probability (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0 to 4.3; P=0.03), adjusting for TCE (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0- to 4.1; P=0.04) and incorporating a 15-year lag (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6; P=0.06). The other evaluated chlorinated solvents were not associated with NHL. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study using high-quality quantitative exposure assessment methods to identify a statistically significant elevated association between occupational exposure to carbon tetrachloride and NHL. Our findings, although limited by a small number of exposed cases, offer evidence that carbon tetrachloride may be a lymphomagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Callahan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Locke
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard K Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Depczynski J, Dobbins T, Armstrong B, Lower T. Comparison of cancer incidence in Australian farm residents 45 years and over, compared to rural non-farm and urban residents - a data linkage study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:33. [PMID: 29304761 PMCID: PMC5756349 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known if the incidence of common cancers in Australian farm residents is different to rural non-farm or urban residents. METHODS Data from farm, rural non-farm and urban participants of the 45 and Up Study cohort in New South Wales, Australia, were linked with state cancer registry data for the years 2006-2009. Directly standardised rate ratios for cancer incidence were compared for all-cancer, prostate, breast, colorectal cancer, melanoma and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Proportional hazards regression was used to generate incidence hazard ratios for each cancer type adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS Farm women had a significantly lower all-cancer hazard ratio than rural non-farm women (1.14, 1.01-1.29). However, the lower all-cancer risk observed in farm men, was not significant when compared to rural non-farm and urban counterparts. The all-cancer adjusted hazard ratio for combined rural non-farm and urban groups compared to farm referents, was significant for men (1.08,1.01-1.17) and women (1.13, 1.04-1.23). Confidence intervals did not exclude unity for differences in risk for prostate, breast, colorectal or lung cancers, NHL or melanoma. Whilst non-significant, farm residents had considerably lower risk of lung cancer than other residents after controlling for smoking and other factors. CONCLUSIONS All-cancer risk was significantly lower in farm residents compared to combined rural non-farm and urban groups. Farm women had a significantly lower all-cancer adjusted hazard ratio than rural non-farm women. These differences appeared to be mainly due to lower lung cancer incidence in farm residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Depczynski
- Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety, The University of Sydney, Moree, Australia
| | - Timothy Dobbins
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce Armstrong
- School of Global and Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Lower
- Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety, The University of Sydney, Moree, Australia
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9
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Tsai SS, Weng YH, Chiu YW, Yang CY. Farming and mortality rates attributed to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:31-36. [PMID: 29182467 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1408362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested an elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) among farmers. To date, no apparent study examined the association between farming and NHL in Asian countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether farmers in Taiwan exhibited an increased risk of mortality attributed to NHL. To this end, a mortality odds ratio (MOR) study was conducted to estimate the relative risk of mortality attributed to NHL for farmers in Taiwan. Data on the decedents enrolled in this investigation were derived from the death certificate database for the period 1997-2009. The study group comprised individuals who died from NHL and who were 50 years or older. The control group consisted of subjects who died from all other causes, excluding cancers, in the corresponding age group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to compute the MOR, with adjustments for gender, age at death, year of death, marital status, and urbanizational levels. Among 32,456 deceased farmers, 205 died due to NHL. Farmers were found to have a nonsignificantly higher MOR than nonfarmers. This risk estimate is similar to estimates in previous meta-analyses. The MOR for NHL was higher among farmers who died 65 years or older than among those who died at younger ages. The findings indicate that farming in Taiwan may increase the risk of death attributed to NHL. Exposure to pesticides might be an influential factor contributing to high risk of mortality attributed to NHL among farmers and therefore needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shyue Tsai
- a Department of Healthcare Administration , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Weng
- b Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- c Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuh Yang
- d Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- e National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , National Health Research Institute , Miaoli , Taiwan
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Ferri GM, Specchia G, Mazza P, Ingravallo G, Intranuovo G, Guastadisegno CM, Congedo ML, Lagioia G, Loparco MC, Giordano A, Perrone T, Gaudio F, Spinosa C, Minoia C, D'Onghia L, Strusi M, Corrado V, Cavone D, Vimercati L, Schiavulli N, Cocco P. Risk of lymphoma subtypes by occupational exposure in Southern Italy. J Occup Med Toxicol 2017; 12:31. [PMID: 29201133 PMCID: PMC5701427 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-017-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational exposure is known to play a role in the aetiology of lymphomas. The aim of the present work was to explore the occupational risk of the major B-cell lymphoma subtypes using a case–control study design. Methods From 2009 to 2014, we recruited 158 lymphoma cases and 76 controls in the provinces of Bari and Taranto (Apulia, Southern Italy). A retrospective assessment of occupational exposure based on complete work histories and the Carcinogen Exposure (CAREX) job-exposure matrix was performed. Results After adjusting for major confounding factors, farmers showed an increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [odds ratio (OR) = 10.9 (2.3–51.6)] and multiple myeloma (MM) [OR = 16.5 (1.4–195.7)]; exposure to the fungicide Captafol was significantly associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [OR = 2.6 (1.1–8.2)], particularly with the risk of DLBCL [OR = 5.3 (1.6–17.3)]. Conclusions Agricultural activity seems to be a risk factor for developing lymphoma subtypes, particularly DLBCL, in the provinces of Bari and Taranto (Apulia Region, Southern Italy). Exposure to the pesticides Captafol, Paraquat and Radon might be implicated. Trial registration Protocol number UNIBA 2207WEJLZB_004 registered 22/09/2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maria Ferri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University Hospital. Policlinico-Giovanni XXIII, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation (DETO), Regional Universitary Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°, Unit of Hematology, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizio Mazza
- ASL Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unity of Haematology, Via Paisiello 1, 74100 Taranto, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation (DETO), Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII° ", Unit of Pathology, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Intranuovo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Monica Guastadisegno
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Congedo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Lagioia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Loparco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giordano
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation (DETO), Regional Universitary Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°, Unit of Hematology, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommasina Perrone
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation (DETO), Regional Universitary Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°, Unit of Hematology, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Gaudio
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation (DETO), Regional Universitary Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°, Unit of Hematology, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Spinosa
- ASL Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unity of Haematology, Via Paisiello 1, 74100 Taranto, Italy
| | - Carla Minoia
- ASL Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unity of Haematology, Via Paisiello 1, 74100 Taranto, Italy
| | - Lucia D'Onghia
- ASL Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unity of Haematology, Via Paisiello 1, 74100 Taranto, Italy
| | - Michela Strusi
- ASL Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unity of Haematology, Via Paisiello 1, 74100 Taranto, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corrado
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Cavone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzia Schiavulli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini", Regional University Hospital "Policlinico - Giovanni XXIII°", Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
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Rieutort D, Moyne O, Cocco P, de Gaudemaris R, Bicout DJ. Ranking occupational contexts associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:561-74. [PMID: 27214653 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remain unknown, but certain occupational contexts (OCs) have been implicated. The objective of this study was to inventory, from the accumulated knowledge, associations between OCs and NHL risk. METHODS Literature was used to identify the NHL-associated OCs. For each context, items were ranked both by scientific interest and the association strength. RESULTS Three ranked lists of OCs related to NHL were constructed. We found that NHL was associated with 31 occupational activities, 91 occupational exposures, and 35 occupational activity-exposure combinations. Among them, 5 activities, 2 exposures, and 3 combinations, involving agricultural or industrial sector and solvents or pesticides, were highlighted with the highest publications number and the strongest association with NHL risk. CONCLUSION These results could be useful in both providing a ranked inventory of OCs associated with NHL risk and highlighting "hot" occupational activities and exposures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:561-574, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Rieutort
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team-Environment and Health Prediction of Populations); Grenoble France
| | - Oriane Moyne
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team-Environment and Health Prediction of Populations); Grenoble France
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Régis de Gaudemaris
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team-Environment and Health Prediction of Populations); Grenoble France
- Occupational and Environmental Diseases Centre; Grenoble Teaching Hospital (CHU Grenoble); Grenoble France
| | - Dominique J. Bicout
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team-Environment and Health Prediction of Populations); Grenoble France
- Biomathematics and Epidemiology EPSP-TIMC, VetAgro Sup; Veterinary Campus of Lyon; Marcy l'Etoile France
- Laue-Langevin Institute; Theory Group; Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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12
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‘t Mannetje A, De Roos AJ, Boffetta P, Vermeulen R, Benke G, Fritschi L, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Becker N, Nieters A, Staines A, Campagna M, Chiu B, Clavel J, de Sanjose S, Hartge P, Holly EA, Bracci P, Linet MS, Monnereau A, Orsi L, Purdue MP, Rothman N, Lan Q, Kane E, Costantini AS, Miligi L, Spinelli JJ, Zheng T, Cocco P, Kricker A. Occupation and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Its Subtypes: A Pooled Analysis from the InterLymph Consortium. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:396-405. [PMID: 26340796 PMCID: PMC4829988 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various occupations have been associated with an elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but results have been inconsistent across studies. OBJECTIVES We investigated occupational risk of NHL and of four common NHL subtypes with particular focus on occupations of a priori interest. METHODS We conducted a pooled analysis of 10,046 cases and 12,025 controls from 10 NHL studies participating in the InterLymph Consortium. We harmonized the occupational coding using the 1968 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-1968) and grouped occupations previously associated with NHL into 25 a priori groups. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for center, age, and sex were determined for NHL overall and for the following four subtypes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). RESULTS We confirmed previously reported positive associations between NHL and farming occupations [field crop/vegetable farm workers OR = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.51; general farm workers OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.37]; we also confirmed associations of NHL with specific occupations such as women's hairdressers (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.74), charworkers/cleaners (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36), spray-painters (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.29), electrical wiremen (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.54), and carpenters (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.93). We observed subtype-specific associations for DLBCL and CLL/SLL in women's hairdressers and for DLBCL and PTCL in textile workers. CONCLUSIONS Our pooled analysis of 10 international studies adds to evidence suggesting that farming, hairdressing, and textile industry-related exposures may contribute to NHL risk. Associations with women's hairdresser and textile occupations may be specific for certain NHL subtypes. CITATION 't Mannetje A, De Roos AJ, Boffetta P, Vermeulen R, Benke G, Fritschi L, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Becker N, Nieters A, Staines A, Campagna M, Chiu B, Clavel J, de Sanjose S, Hartge P, Holly EA, Bracci P, Linet MS, Monnereau A, Orsi L, Purdue MP, Rothman N, Lan Q, Kane E, Seniori Costantini A, Miligi L, Spinelli JJ, Zheng T, Cocco P, Kricker A. 2016. Occupation and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and its subtypes: a pooled analysis from the InterLymph Consortium. Environ Health Perspect 124:396-405; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea ‘t Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Anneclaire J. De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geza Benke
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Maynadié
- Biological Hematology Unit, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Nikolaus Becker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Brian Chiu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- French National Registry of Childhood Hematological Malignancies (NRCH), Villejuif, France
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology–Spain Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Centre d’investigation clinique (CIC), INSERM, Bordeaux, France
- Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Orsi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdon
| | - Adele Seniori Costantini
- Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Miligi
- Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - John J. Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anne Kricker
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Jones RR, Yu CL, Nuckols JR, Cerhan JR, Airola M, Ross JA, Robien K, Ward MH. Farm residence and lymphohematopoietic cancers in the Iowa Women's Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:353-361. [PMID: 25038451 PMCID: PMC4324553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer incidence in male farmers has been studied extensively; however, less is known about risk among women residing on farms or in agricultural areas, who may be exposed to pesticides by their proximity to crop fields. We extended a previous follow-up of the Iowa Women's Health Study cohort to examine farm residence and the incidence of lymphohematopoietic cancers. Further, we investigated crop acreage within 750 m of residences, which has been associated with higher herbicide levels in Iowa homes. METHODS We analyzed data for a cohort of 37,099 Iowa women aged 55-69 years who reported their residence location (farm, rural (not a farm), town size based on population) at enrollment in 1986. We identified incident lymphohematopoietic cancers (1986-2009) by linkage with the Iowa Cancer Registry. Using a geographic information system, we geocoded addresses and calculated acreage of pasture and row crops within 750 m of homes using the 1992 National Land Cover Database. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in multivariate analyses of cancer risk in relation to both residence location and crop acreage. RESULTS As found in an earlier analysis of residence location, risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was higher among women living on farms (HR=2.23, 95%CI: 1.25-3.99) or rural areas (but not on a farm) (HR=1.95, 95%CI: 0.89-4.29) compared with women living in towns of >10,000 population. We observed no association between farm or rural residence and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; overall or for major subtypes) or multiple myeloma. In analyses of crop acreage, we observed no association between pasture or row crop acreage within 750 m of homes and risk of leukemia overall or for the AML subtype. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) risk was nonsignificantly elevated among women with pasture acreage within 750 m of their home (HRs for increasing tertiles=1.8, 1.8 and 1.5) and with row crop acreage within 750 m (HRs for increasing tertiles of acreage=1.4, 1.5 and 1.6) compared to women with no pasture or row crop acreage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Iowa women living on a farm or in a rural area were at increased risk of developing AML, which was not related to crop acreage near the home. Living near pasture or row crops may confer an increased risk of CLL/SLL regardless of residence location. Further investigation of specific farm-related exposures and these cancers among women living on farms and in agricultural areas is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chu-Ling Yu
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA; Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John R Nuckols
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; JRN-Environmental Health Sciences, Ltd. North Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Julie A Ross
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Linabery AM, Prizment AE, Anderson KE, Cerhan JR, Poynter JN, Ross JA. Allergic diseases and risk of hematopoietic malignancies in a cohort of postmenopausal women: a report from the Iowa Women's Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1903-12. [PMID: 24962839 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases signify immune dysregulation attributable to underlying genetics and environmental exposures. Associations between various allergies and hematopoietic cancers have been observed, albeit inconsistently; however, few prospective studies have examined the risk, and even fewer among older adults. METHODS We examined risk of incident hematopoietic cancers in those reporting allergic diseases in a population-based cohort of 22,601 older women (Iowa Women's Health Study). Self-reported allergic status, including asthma, hay fever, eczema, and/or other allergies, was determined via questionnaire in 1997 (mean age, 72 years; range, 63-81 years). Incident cancers were ascertained by linkage with the Iowa Cancer Registry from 1997 to 2011. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to estimate multivariate-adjusted HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for myeloid (N = 177) and lymphoid (N = 437) malignancies, respectively. RESULTS Allergic diseases were not associated with risk of myeloid (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.72-1.37) or lymphoid (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.81-1.22) malignancies overall, or for most allergic and malignant subtypes examined. Self-reported asthma was positively associated with development of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 0.93-4.32). In addition, there was a 30% to 40% decrease in risk of both lymphoid and myeloid cancers in those reporting rural residences but no association in those reporting urban residences; the interaction between residence and allergy was statistically significant for lymphoid malignancies (Pinteraction = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPACT These results suggest that asthma may contribute to the pathogenesis of MDS, a finding consistent with the chronic antigen stimulation hypothesis. Susceptibility differences by location of residence are concordant with the hygiene hypothesis and merit additional exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Linabery
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristin E Anderson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jenny N Poynter
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julie A Ross
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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15
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Locke SJ, Colt JS, Stewart PA, Armenti KR, Baris D, Blair A, Cerhan JR, Chow WH, Cozen W, Davis F, De Roos AJ, Hartge P, Karagas MR, Johnson A, Purdue MP, Rothman N, Schwartz K, Schwenn M, Severson R, Silverman DT, Friesen MC. Identifying gender differences in reported occupational information from three US population-based case-control studies. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:855-64. [PMID: 24683012 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence suggests that gender-blind assessment of exposure may introduce exposure misclassification, but few studies have characterised gender differences across occupations and industries. We pooled control responses to job-specific, industry-specific and exposure-specific questionnaires (modules) that asked detailed questions about work activities from three US population-based case-control studies to examine gender differences in work tasks and their frequencies. METHODS We calculated the ratio of female-to-male controls that completed each module. For four job modules (assembly worker, machinist, health professional, janitor/cleaner) and for subgroups of jobs that completed those modules, we evaluated gender differences in task prevalence and frequency using χ(2) and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. RESULTS The 1360 female and 2245 male controls reported 6033 and 12 083 jobs, respectively. Gender differences in female:male module completion ratios were observed for 39 of 45 modules completed by ≥20 controls. Gender differences in task prevalence varied in direction and magnitude. For example, female janitors were significantly more likely to polish furniture (79% vs 44%), while male janitors were more likely to strip floors (73% vs 50%). Women usually reported more time spent on tasks than men. For example, the median hours per week spent degreasing for production workers in product manufacturing industries was 6.3 for women and 3.0 for men. CONCLUSIONS Observed gender differences may reflect actual differences in tasks performed or differences in recall, reporting or perception, all of which contribute to exposure misclassification and impact relative risk estimates. Our findings reinforce the need to capture subject-specific information on work tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Locke
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanne S Colt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Karla R Armenti
- New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health Services, Bureau of Public Health Statistics and Informatics, Concord, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Faith Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Mark P Purdue
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kendra Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Richard Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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16
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Household endotoxin levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:357-64. [PMID: 23277417 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endotoxin, a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, elicits a strong innate and inflammatory immune response associated with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Because TNF-α polymorphisms that increase TNF-α production are associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we hypothesized that increased levels of household endotoxin would be associated with an increased NHL risk. METHODS We evaluated this association in the National Cancer Institute/Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (NCI/SEER) NHL multicenter population-based case-control study. Used vacuum cleaner bags were collected from participants during a home interview. Dust samples from the bags of 594 cases and 442 controls were analyzed for endotoxin [endotoxin unit (EU)/mg of dust] using the kinetic chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of endotoxin on NHL risk adjusted for age, sex, race, education, study center, and farm exposure. RESULTS Endotoxin was not associated with NHL overall [odds ratio (OR) for highest quartile of endotoxin levels = 0.81, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.55, 1.20; p for trend = 0.35] or with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR = 0.63, 95 % CI = 0.34, 1.16; p = 0.31) or follicular lymphoma (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 0.61, 1.89; p = 0.73) subtypes. Both working and living on a farm were associated with higher household endotoxin levels compared to never working (p = 0.009) or living (p = 0.01) on a farm. Excluding farmers from the analysis did not change the results. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of a role for household endotoxin in NHL etiology.
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Cocco P, Satta G, D'Andrea I, Nonne T, Udas G, Zucca M, Mannetje A', Becker N, Sanjosé SD, Foretova L, Staines A, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Brennan P, Ennas MG, Boffetta P. Lymphoma risk in livestock farmers: results of the Epilymph study. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2613-8. [PMID: 23065666 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We explored the risk of lymphoma and its most prevalent subtypes associated with occupational contact with livestock, and whether risk was modified by age at first contact, in 2,348 incident lymphoma cases and 2,462 controls who participated in the EPILYMPH case-control study. A detailed occupational history was collected in cases and controls, including working in a livestock farm, species of livestock, its approximate number and circumstances of contact. For each disease outcome, and each type of livestock, odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, education and center. Lymphoma risk (all subtypes combined) was not increased amongst those exposed to contact with any livestock (OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.2). Overall, we did not observe an association between occupational contact with livestock and risk of lymphoma (all types) and B-cell lymphoma. The risk of diffuse large B cell lyphoma (DLBCL) was significantly lower amongst subjects who started occupational contact with any species of livestock before or at age 12 (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9), but not at older ages. A significant heterogeneity in risk of B cell lymphoma by age at first contact was detected for contact with cattle, poultry and swine. Early occupational contact with livestock might be associated with a decrease in risk of B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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Current understanding of lifestyle and environmental factors and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma: an epidemiological update. J Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 2012:978930. [PMID: 23008714 PMCID: PMC3447374 DOI: 10.1155/2012/978930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have steadily increased over the last several decades in the United States, and the temporal trends in incidence can only be partially explained by the HIV epidemic. In 1992, an international workshop sponsored by the United States National Cancer Institute concluded that there was an “emerging epidemic” of NHL and emphasized the need to investigate the factors responsible for the increasing incidence of this disease. Over the past two decades, numerous epidemiological studies have examined the risk factors for NHL, particularly for putative environmental and lifestyle risk factors, and international consortia have been established in order to investigate rare exposures and NHL subtype-specific associations. While few consistent risk factors for NHL aside from immunosuppression and certain infectious agents have emerged, suggestive associations with several lifestyle and environmental factors have been reported in epidemiologic studies. Further, increasing evidence has suggested that the effects of these and other exposures may be limited to or stronger for particular NHL subtypes. This paper examines the progress that has been made over the last twenty years in elucidating the etiology of NHL, with a primary emphasis on lifestyle factors and environmental exposures.
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Chia SE, Wong KY, Tai BC. Occupation and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Singapore. Occup Med (Lond) 2011; 62:29-33. [PMID: 22116951 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some epidemiological studies have reported that teachers may be at increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but results are inconsistent. AIMS To examine the possible association between occupation and risk of NHL in the Singapore population. METHODS A hospital-based interviewer-administered case-control study was carried out in five major hospitals in Singapore between April 2004 and December 2008. A complete occupational history, which included all jobs lasting over 1 year since graduation from school, was obtained for each participant. The Singapore Standard Occupational Classification was used for coding all occupations recorded. RESULTS Eight hundred and thirty controls and 465 NHL cases, comprising B-cell (n = 404, 87%) as well as T- and NK-cell (n = 61, 13%) neoplasms, were recruited. Having ever worked as a teacher was associated with a significantly higher risk of NHL (adjusted OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.12-3.72). Teachers who had taught for ≤10 years had a significantly higher risk of NHL (adjusted OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.11-5.34), but we did not observe an elevated risk for those who reported teaching for >10 years. Among the 31 teachers with NHL, 23% taught in upper secondary schools, with equal proportions (13%) teaching in primary and pre-primary schools, respectively. The remainder taught in other settings. CONCLUSIONS Teachers come into frequent contact with children and may consequently have higher rates of exposure to common infectious agents. Therefore, the hypothesis of an infective aetiology of NHL may be supported by our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Purdue MP, Bakke B, Stewart P, De Roos AJ, Schenk M, Lynch CF, Bernstein L, Morton LM, Cerhan JR, Severson RK, Cozen W, Davis S, Rothman N, Hartge P, Colt JS. A case-control study of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:232-8. [PMID: 21370516 PMCID: PMC3040611 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiologic findings suggest an association between exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE), a chlorinated solvent primarily used for vapor degreasing of metal parts, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between occupational TCE exposure and NHL within a population-based case-control study using detailed exposure assessment methods. METHODS Cases (n = 1,189; 76% participation rate) and controls (n = 982; 52% participation rate) provided information on their occupational histories and, for selected occupations, on possible workplace exposure to TCE using job-specific interview modules. An industrial hygienist assessed potential TCE exposure based on this information and a review of the TCE industrial hygiene literature. We computed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating NHL and different metrics of estimated TCE exposure, categorized using tertiles among exposed controls, with unexposed subjects as the reference group. RESULTS We observed associations with NHL for the highest tertiles of estimated average weekly exposure (23 exposed cases; OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1) and cumulative exposure (24 exposed cases; OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0-5.0) to TCE. Tests for trend with these metrics surpassed or approached statistical significance (p-value for trend = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively); however, we did not observe dose–response relationships across the exposure levels. Overall, neither duration nor intensity of exposure was associated with NHL, although we observed an association with the lowest tertile of exposure duration (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.7). CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer additional support for an association between high levels of exposure to TCE and increased risk of NHL. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of confounding from other chlorinated solvents used for vapor degreasing and note that our exposure assessment methods have not been validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA.
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De Roos AJ, Davis S, Colt JS, Blair A, Airola M, Severson RK, Cozen W, Cerhan JR, Hartge P, Nuckols JR, Ward MH. Residential proximity to industrial facilities and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 110:70-8. [PMID: 19840879 PMCID: PMC2795078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Industrial pollution has been suspected as a cause of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), based on associations with chemical exposures in occupational studies. We conducted a case-control study of NHL in four SEER regions of the United States, in which residential locations of 864 cases and 684 controls during the 10 years before recruitment were used to characterize proximity to industrial facilities reporting chemical releases to the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). For each of 15 types of industry (by 2-digit SIC code), we evaluated the risk of NHL associated with having lived within 2 miles of a facility, the distance to the nearest facility (miles categories of < or =0.5, >0.5-1.0, >1.0-2.0, >2 [referent]), and the duration of residence within 2miles (years categories of 10, 1-9, 0 [referent]), using logistic regression. Increased risk of NHL was observed in relation to lumber and wood products facilities (SIC 24) for the shortest distance of residential proximity (< or =0.5 mile: odds ratio [OR]=2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-11.8) or the longest duration (10 years: OR=1.9, 95% CI: 0.8-4.8); the association with lumber facilities was more apparent for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (lived within 2 miles: OR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-3.0) than for follicular lymphoma (OR=1.1, 95% CI: 0.5-2.2). We also observed elevated ORs for the chemical (SIC 28, 10 years: OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0), petroleum (SIC 29, 10 years: OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.6), rubber/miscellaneous plastics products (SIC 30, < or =0.5mile: OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.0-7.4), and primary metal (SIC 33, lived within 2miles: OR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.6) industries; however, patterns of risk were inconsistent between distance and duration metrics. This study does not provide strong evidence that living near manufacturing industries increases NHL risk. However, future studies designed to include greater numbers of persons living near specific types of industries, along with fate-transport modeling of chemical releases, would be informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J De Roos
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington Department of Epidemiology, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M4-B874, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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Purdue MP, Severson RK, Colt JS, Stewart P, De Roos AJ, Cerhan JR, Cozen W, Davis S, Hartge P, Schenk M, Blair A. Degreasing and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Occup Environ Med 2008; 66:557-60. [PMID: 19017696 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between selected solvent-related workplace tasks (degreasing, painting, gluing, stripping paint, staining) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS We analysed occupational data from a large population-based case-control study of NHL conducted in the USA. For participants reporting occupations with possible exposure to organic solvents, job-specific interview modules were administered to elicit in-depth information on solvent-related workplace tasks and other exposure-related factors (225 cases, 189 controls). Unconditional logistic regression models were fit to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI for average frequency, maximal frequency and cumulative number of hours having performed each task. Individuals with jobs rated as unexposed to organic solvents in the workplace (180 cases, 213 controls) were used as a reference group. RESULTS We observed an increased risk of NHL among subjects in the highest category of maximal degreasing frequency (>520 h/year: OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 4.9, trend test p = 0.02). We found similar associations for the highest levels of average frequency and, among men, cumulative number of hours. Other solvent-related tasks were not associated with NHL. CONCLUSION Findings from this case-control analysis of solvent-related tasks suggest that frequent degreasing work may be associated with an elevated risk of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Purdue
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, EPS 8114, 6120 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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