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LaMontagne AD, Too L, Witt K, Evans‐Whipp T, Owen PJ, Toumbourou JW. Does adolescent depression modify the association between psychosocial job stressors and mental health in emergent adulthood? Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:44-54. [PMID: 37924234 PMCID: PMC10952472 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job stressors can be particularly harmful to the mental health of disadvantaged groups through differential exposure, differential sensitivity to the effects of exposure, or both. In this paper, we assess the extent to which emergent adult workers with an adolescent history of high depression symptoms may be differentially sensitive to the effect of job stressors on mental health. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of three waves of the Australian arm of the International Youth Development Study (n = 1262). We used multivariable linear regression to assess whether self-reported measures of high depression symptoms at one or two time points in adolescence (ages 11-16 years) modified the cross-sectional association between four self-reported job stressors (job demands, job control, job strain, and incivility at work) and psychological distress (Kessler-10 scores) in emergent adulthood (ages 23-27 years). RESULTS For all four job stressors, there was a consistent pattern of approximately a doubling in the magnitude of association for participants with a history of high depression symptoms at two points in adolescence compared with those with no history of depression. However, results of effect modification analysisfor only job demands and job strain excluded chance as a potential explanation. CONCLUSIONS Findings showed partial support for the hypothesis that a history of high depression symptoms in adolescence predicts stronger associations between job stressor exposures and psychological distress among those employed in emergent adulthood. The limitations of this secondary analysis suggest a need for purpose-designed studies to answer this important research question more definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. LaMontagne
- Institute for Health TransformationDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
- Melbourne School of Global & Population HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lay‐San Too
- Melbourne School of Global & Population HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katrina Witt
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- OrygenParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tracy Evans‐Whipp
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Patrick J. Owen
- Institute for Health TransformationDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED)Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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Page A, Sperandei S, Spittal MJ, Milner A, Pirkis J. The impact of transitions from employment to retirement on suicidal behaviour among older aged Australians. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:759-771. [PMID: 32915244 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transition from employment to retirement may be detrimental to mental health, and associated with suicidal behaviour. This study investigated the association between employment and retirement status and suicidal behaviour among older aged Australians. METHODS This study was based on the '45 and Up Study', a large prospective cohort study of participants from New South Wales (Australia) aged 45 years and older (N = 267,153), followed up over the period 2006-2018. The risk of attempted suicide and suicide was compared between categories of employment and retirement status in a series of recurrent event survival analysis models adjusting for identified time variant and invariant confounders. RESULTS Compared to those who were employed, the risk of attempted suicide was higher among those who were not in the labour force and not retired (predominantly those who were sick or disabled, or carers) (HR = 1.97-95% CI 1.49-2.62), those who retired involuntarily (HR = 1.35-95% CI 1.03-1.77), and to a lesser extent those unemployed (HR = 1.31-95% CI 0.89-1.92). Risk of attempted suicide among those who retired voluntarily was similar to those who remained employed (HR = 1.09-95% CI 0.82-1.45). A similar pattern was evident for suicide, with a higher risk of suicide among those who were not in the labour force or retired, and those who retired involuntarily, compared to those who remained employed; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Transition from employment to retirement may be an important precipitating factor for suicidal behaviour, affected by current and previous mental health status. Services and programs facilitating continued or re-employment in older age, and adjustment to the transition from employment to retirement may prevent suicidal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia.
| | - Sandro Sperandei
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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3
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Sim MR. The COVID-19 pandemic: major risks to healthcare and other workers on the front line. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:281-282. [PMID: 32238444 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm R Sim
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Aitken Z, Simpson JA, Bentley R, Milner A, LaMontagne AD, Kavanagh AM. Does the effect of disability acquisition on mental health differ by employment characteristics? A longitudinal fixed-effects analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1031-1039. [PMID: 31650207 PMCID: PMC7395044 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Longitudinal studies have suggested a causal relationship between disability acquisition and mental health, but there is substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effect. Previous studies have provided evidence that socioeconomic characteristics can buffer the effect but have not examined the role of employment characteristics. METHODS We used data from 17 annual waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey to compare the mental health of working age individuals before and after disability acquisition, using the Mental Health Inventory, a subscale of the SF-36 health questionnaire. Linear fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the effect of disability acquisition on mental health. We tested for effect modification by two characteristics of people's employment prior to disability acquisition: occupational skill level and contract type. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to handle missing data. RESULTS Disability acquisition was associated with a substantial decline in mental health score (estimated mean difference: - 4.3, 95% CI - 5.0, - 3.5). There was evidence of effect modification by occupational skill level, with the largest effects seen for those in low-skilled jobs (- 6.1, 95% CI - 7.6, - 4.5), but not for contract type. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need for social and health policies that focus on increasing employment rates, improving the sustainability of employment, and providing employment services and education and training opportunities for people who acquire a disability, particularly for people in low-skilled occupations, to reduce the mental health inequalities experienced by people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Aitken
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Julie Anne Simpson
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XBiostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010 Carlton, VIC Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XGender and Women’s Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010 Carlton, VIC Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDisability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010 Carlton, VIC Australia
| | - Anthony Daniel LaMontagne
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, 3125 Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Anne Marie Kavanagh
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDisability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010 Carlton, VIC Australia
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Health-related quality of life in adult population before and after the onset of financial crisis: the case of Athens, Greece. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:3237-3247. [PMID: 31463726 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trends of person-oriented indices with respect to the general population have not been adequately investigated. In Athens, two Health Surveys in 2003 and 2016 provide the opportunity to analyze HRQL in the general adult population. The objectives of this study were to investigate changes in HRQL of adults in the broader area of Athens between 2003 and 2016 and their association with certain socio-demographic determinants. METHODS We compared participants from pre- and during-crisis cross-sectional surveys. We used data from 982 and 1060 adult residents of Athens from 2003 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Income-related missing data were treated using three alternative methods. Subscale and summary component SF-36 scores were compared with Mann-Whitney tests and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of demographic and socio-economic variables on HRQL before and after the onset of crisis. RESULTS The analysis was based on the results of the procedure of handling missing income data as a separate income group and showed that physical component summary score (PCS) has improved and Mental Component Summary score has deteriorated. The most important predictors of HRQL were being widowed and during the crisis not being employed. Additionally, socio-demographic characteristics explained a higher proportion of variance of HRQL after the onset of crisis, especially for PCS. CONCLUSION Decline in mental and improvement in physical HRQL were observed between 2003 and 2016. HRQL has been certainly affected by the recession, but it is difficult to estimate the exact impact of the financial crisis on HRQL.
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Donham KJ, Meppelink SM, Kelly KM, Rohlman DS. Health Indicators of a Cohort of Midwest Farmers: Health Outcomes of Participants in the Certified Safe Farm Program. J Agromedicine 2019; 24:228-238. [PMID: 30849293 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1591316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Occupational illness, injury, and fatality rates for those working in production agriculture are higher than in any other industry. A potential risk factor contributing to occupational injuries across all industries is acute or chronic co-morbidity (e.g., obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol), and related health issues that increase the risk for an occupational injury or illness. These chronic health conditions have been associated not only with increased risk for injuries, but also higher health-care costs, and greater absenteeism. Certified Safe Farm (CSF) is a comprehensive intervention program aimed to reduce occupational health and safety hazards and to promote general health among farmers. Prior publications have described CSF program efforts to reduce hazardous exposures, disabling injuries, organic dust toxic syndrome, occupational health-care costs, and to increase positive occupational health behaviors. This paper reports on the general health indicators of a cohort of 438 Iowa farm owner/operators enrolled in the CSF program. Overall, this study found that the farming population in Iowa has higher body mass index (BMI), but lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and lower prevalence of hypertension compared to the general population. There was evidence that the combination of high blood pressure, cholesterol, and BMI were related to increased injury rates. Poor self-reported health status was also related to increased injuries but was not related to clinical health indicators. The CSF intervention led to improvements on health outcomes, particularly among those in the 35 to 49 age group. Little research has focused on the individual's general health status as a predictor of risk of occupational injury. This study suggests the need for additional research and interventions integrating occupational safety and health prevention along with health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley J Donham
- a College of Public Health , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Shannon M Meppelink
- b U.S. Geological Survey , Central Midwest Water Science Center , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Kevin M Kelly
- a College of Public Health , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Diane S Rohlman
- a College of Public Health , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
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Steele F, Clarke PS, Kuha J. Modeling within-household associations in household panel studies. Ann Appl Stat 2019. [DOI: 10.1214/18-aoas1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gong CH, Kendig H. Impacts of voluntary and involuntary workforce transitions at mature ages: Longitudinal evidence from HILDA. Australas J Ageing 2017; 37:11-16. [PMID: 29081068 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the changes in health, well-being and welfare dependency associated with yearly workforce transitions from working to not working among people aged 45-64 years. METHODS Transition analysis of the nationally representative longitudinal data from the Household Incomes and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey 2002-2011. RESULTS People who voluntarily left paid work had reasonable control over their situations, and their satisfaction remained relatively stable even with deteriorating health and increasing welfare dependency. Those who involuntarily left paid work had less control and preparedness, and they experienced significant decreases in their satisfaction with life overall, finances and health; they were also more likely to be psychologically distressed, welfare dependent and had a higher probability to return to paid work. CONCLUSION Voluntary and involuntary workforce transitions have different impacts on health and well-being. Enabling mature aged workers to work longer can yield benefits for both individual well-being and government budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Honge Gong
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (CRAHW), ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hal Kendig
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (CRAHW), ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Assunção AÁ, Lima EDP, Guimarães MDC. [Mental disorders and participation in the labor market: a multicenter national study in Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00166815. [PMID: 28380147 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00166815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to explore the relationship between labor market participation and patient characteristics in a representative sample of 2,475 adults admitted to 26 Brazilian mental health institutions (15 Centers for Psychosocial Care and 11 hospitals). Socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics were obtained with structured interviews. Multinomial regression was used. Increased likelihood of temporary absence from the work market was associated with female gender, single, divorced, or widowed conjugal status, lack of stable housing, and history of first admission or treatment before the age of 18. Increased likelihood of permanent absence from the labor market was associated with older age. Temporary or permanent leave from work was directly associated with low schooling, lifetime hospitalizations, and diagnosis of severe mental disorder and inversely associated with alcohol and drug use. The occupational vulnerabilities identified in the study raise the debate on specific policies for the mental health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ávila Assunção
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Guan M. Measuring the effects of socioeconomic factors on mental health among migrants in urban China: a multiple indicators multiple causes model. Int J Ment Health Syst 2017; 11:10. [PMID: 28070220 PMCID: PMC5217273 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-016-0118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Since 1978, rural–urban migrants mainly contribute Chinese urbanization. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of socioeconomic factors on mental health of them. Their mental health was measured by 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Methods The study sample comprised 5925 migrants obtained from the 2009 rural-to-urban migrants survey (RUMiC). The relationships among the instruments were assessed by the correlation analysis. The one-factor (overall items), two-factor (positive vs. negative items), and model conducted by principal component analysis were tested in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). On the basis of three CFA models, the three multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) models with age, gender, marriage, ethnicity, and employment were constructed to investigate the concurrent associations between socioeconomic factors and GHQ-12. Results Of the sample, only 1.94% were of ethnic origin and mean age was 31.63 (SD = ±10.43) years. The one-factor, two-factor, and three-factor structure (i.e. semi-positive/negative/independent usefulness) had good model fits in the CFA analysis and gave order (i.e. 2 factor>3 factor>1 factor), which suggests that the three models can be used to assess psychological symptoms of migrants in urban China. All MIMIC models had acceptable fit and gave order (i.e. one-dimensional model>two-dimensional model>three-dimensional model). Conclusions There were weak associations of socioeconomic factors with mental health among migrants in urban China. Policy discussion suggested that improvement of socioeconomic status of rural–urban migrants and mental health systems in urban China should be highlighted and strengthened. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0118-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- Family Issues Center at Xuchang University, School of Business, Xuchang University, Road Bayi 88, Xuchang, Henan China
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Leinonen T, Mäki N, Martikainen P. Trajectories of Antidepressant Medication before and after the Onset of Unemployment by Subsequent Employment Experience. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169652. [PMID: 28056083 PMCID: PMC5215907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unemployed more often suffer from depression than the employed. We examined whether mental health deterioration occurs already before unemployment implicating health selection, or whether it mostly occurs after becoming exposed to the experience rendering causal explanations more likely. METHODS We used nationally representative Finnish register data to examine changes in depressive morbidity as measured by antidepressant medication in 1995-2009 over four years before and since a new onset of unemployment (N = 28 000) at the age of 30-60 compared to the employed (N = 124 136). We examined separately those who became continuously long-term unemployed, intermittently unemployed and unemployed with eventual re-employment in the second, third or fourth year since the year of onset. Annual repeated measurements were analysed using generalised estimation equations. RESULTS Among the employed antidepressant medication increased slowly but steadily over the study period and it was mainly at a lower level than among the unemployed. In the four years leading to unemployment there was excess increase in medication that was generally stronger among those with longer duration of the eventual unemployment experience. During unemployment medication decreased in all groups except among the intermittently unemployed. By the first year of re-employment antidepressant medication reached a level similar to that among the employed and afterwards followed no consistent trend. CONCLUSIONS The associations of unemployment and re-employment with depressive morbidity appear to be largely driven by health selection. The question of potential causal associations remains unresolved for intermittent unemployment in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Leinonen
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Netta Mäki
- City of Helsinki Urban Facts, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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Frasquilho D, Matos MG, Salonna F, Guerreiro D, Storti CC, Gaspar T, Caldas-de-Almeida JM. Mental health outcomes in times of economic recession: a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:115. [PMID: 26847554 PMCID: PMC4741013 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Countries in recession experience high unemployment rates and a decline in living conditions, which, it has been suggested, negatively influences their populations’ health. The present review examines the recent evidence of the possible association between economic recessions and mental health outcomes. Methods Literature review of records identified through Medline, PsycINFO, SciELO, and EBSCO Host. Only original research papers, published between 2004 and 2014, peer-reviewed, non-qualitative research, and reporting on associations between economic factors and proxies of mental health were considered. Results One-hundred-one papers met the inclusion criteria. The evidence was consistent that economic recessions and mediators such as unemployment, income decline, and unmanageable debts are significantly associated with poor mental wellbeing, increased rates of common mental disorders, substance-related disorders, and suicidal behaviours. Conclusion On the basis of a thorough analysis of the selected investigations, we conclude that periods of economic recession are possibly associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems, including common mental disorders, substance disorders, and ultimately suicidal behaviour. Most of the research is based on cross-sectional studies, which seriously limits causality inferences. Conclusions are summarised, taking into account international policy recommendations concerning the cost-effective measures that can possibly reduce the occurrence of negative mental health outcomes in populations during periods of economic recession.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferdinand Salonna
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Diogo Guerreiro
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C Storti
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia Gaspar
- Aventura Social/ISAMB, University of Lisbon and Lisbon Lusíada University, Lisbon, Portugal
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Milner A, Morrell S, LaMontagne AD. Economically inactive, unemployed and employed suicides in Australia by age and sex over a 10-year period: what was the impact of the 2007 economic recession? Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:1500-7. [PMID: 25064642 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is higher among economically inactive and unemployed persons than employed persons. This paper investigates differences in this relationship by sex and age over the period 2001 to 2010 in Australia. It also examines changes in suicide among employed, unemployed and economically inactive persons during the recession of 2007-09. METHOD Suicide data from the National Coroners Information System were utilised for this retrospective study. Negative binomial and Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between suicide and employment status and to investigate differences in suicide rates over the period of the recession (2007-09) compared with the year before the recession (2006). RESULTS Results suggest that during 2001-10 economically inactive/unemployed males had a suicide rate ratio (RR) of 4.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.10, 5.19; P<0.001] compared with employed males (RR=1.00), whereas economically inactive/unemployed females had a suicide RR of 8.44 compared with employed females (95% CI 7.38, 9.67; P<0.001). There was an increase in suicide among both employed (7% rise in 2007, P=0.003) and economically inactive/unemployed males during the GFC (22% in 2008, P<0.001). Suicide also increased among economically inactive/unemployed females (12% in 2007, P=0.03; 19% in 2008, P=0.001) but not among employed females. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the need for adequate policy and social welfare responses to ameliorate the effects of the economic recession on the working age population. Particularly, these should target unemployed and economically inactive men and women in Australia, who may be at higher risk of suicide than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Milner
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Morrell
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Workplace mental health: developing an integrated intervention approach. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:131. [PMID: 24884425 PMCID: PMC4024273 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are prevalent and costly in working populations. Workplace interventions to address common mental health problems have evolved relatively independently along three main threads or disciplinary traditions: medicine, public health, and psychology. In this Debate piece, we argue that these three threads need to be integrated to optimise the prevention of mental health problems in working populations. DISCUSSION To realise the greatest population mental health benefits, workplace mental health intervention needs to comprehensively 1) protect mental health by reducing work-related risk factors for mental health problems; 2) promote mental health by developing the positive aspects of work as well as worker strengths and positive capacities; and 3) address mental health problems among working people regardless of cause. We outline the evidence supporting such an integrated intervention approach and consider the research agenda and policy developments needed to move towards this goal, and propose the notion of integrated workplace mental health literacy. SUMMARY An integrated approach to workplace mental health combines the strengths of medicine, public health, and psychology, and has the potential to optimise both the prevention and management of mental health problems in the workplace.
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Wang Y, Yao L, Liu L, Yang X, Wu H, Wang J, Wang L. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:61. [PMID: 24581332 PMCID: PMC3976156 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the rapid growth of economy, unemployment becomes a severe socio-economic problem in China. The huge population base in China makes the unemployed population a tremendously huge number. However, health status of unemployed population was ignored and few studies were conducted to describe the depressive symptoms of unemployed individuals in China. This study aims to examine the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms and the mediating role of self-efficacy in this relationship. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed during the period of July to September 2011. Questionnaires consisting of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE), as well as demographic factors, were used to collect information of unemployed population. A total of 1,832 individuals (effective response rate: 73.28%) became our subjects. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 67.7% among Chinese unemployed individuals. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were all negatively associated with depressive symptoms whereas neuroticism was positively associated with depressive symptoms. The proportion of mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between extraversion/agreeableness/conscientiousness/neuroticism and depressive symptoms was 25.42%, 10.91%, 32.21% and 36.44%, respectively. Self-efficacy is a mediator in the relationship between extraversion/agreeableness/conscientiousness/neuroticism and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed individuals. Interventions that focus on both individuals' personality and self-efficacy may be most successful to reduce depressive symptoms of unemployed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshi Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiana Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No, 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
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