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Pedersen H, Bäckström M, Hagelsteen K. Extravert Surgical Resident Applicants Get Higher 360-Degree Evaluations From Coworkers. J Surg Res 2024; 298:193-200. [PMID: 38626716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 360-degree evaluations are used as an assessment in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of, or as a continuous evaluation for, residents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and ratings on 360-degree evaluations among surgical residency applicants. A secondary aim was to describe the personality profile of applicants for a surgical residency position. METHODS Doctors interviewed for a residency or locum position in general, urology, or pediatric surgery were included. Participants rated their personality on the Neutralized Big Five Inventory. A 360-degree assessment was conducted. Scores from two laparoscopic simulators were used as a measure of technical ability. Univariate analyses were used to assess the results. Student's t-test was used to compare personality and Pearson correlations between 360-degree assessment and personality. RESULTS Fifty doctors participated: data were complete for 38. Personality profiles showed higher emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness ratings than the norm. Correlations revealed a significant relationship between extraversion and higher scores on the 360-degree assessments. Significant univariate correlations were found between extraversion and the 360-degree assessments, and two of the correlations held up after adjustment for multiple tests. No correlations with performance when using laparoscopic simulators were found. CONCLUSIONS Applicants for surgical residency rated significantly higher than the norm in four personality domains. Extraversion correlated with overall higher scores in 360-degree assessments by coworkers. Higher scores were not related to objective measures of technical skill, highlighting the importance of using objective measures for assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Pedersen
- Practicum Clinical Skills Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Kristine Hagelsteen
- Practicum Clinical Skills Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Gjessing S, Risør T, Kristensen JK. Medical trainees' speciality considerations at their transition from under- to postgraduate education: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. EDUCATION FOR PRIMARY CARE 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38431883 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2024.2312939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to provide knowledge on medical trainees' considerations about specialisation as they move from undergraduate to postgraduate medical education; especially their interest in general practice compared to other specialities. METHOD We developed and content-validated a questionnaire to examine medical trainees' speciality considerations and conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study. All medical trainees initiating their internship in Denmark in 2022 (N = 1,188) were invited to participate in the study. Medical specialities were categorised as hospital service specialities, internal medicine specialities, primary care, psychiatry specialities and surgery and emergency specialities. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the cohort and examine the participants' speciality considerations by assigning them to one of the following three orientations: committed, undecided or non-committed to a speciality. RESULTS The response rate was 38.8% (n = 461), and participants' mean age was 27.4 years with a majority of females (68.1%). Nearly 25% of the participants had general practice as speciality preference, and only 13.9% had excluded general practice for future specialisation. Overall, around half of the participants had general practice as a first, second or third preference for specialisation. CONCLUSION Danish medical trainees show considerable interest in general practice at the time of their transition from undergraduate to postgraduate education. However, to meet future demands on the primary care, further recruitment of general practitioners is still needed. This knowledge of the specialities' recruitment potential will likely be of interest to medical educators and healthcare planners alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Gjessing
- Centre for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Torsten Risør
- Section for General Practice & Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Section for General Practice, Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Hattori M, Egi H, Hasunuma N. Conscientiousness Counts: How Personality Traits Impact Laparoscopic Surgical Skill Improvement in Medical Students. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:1412-1417. [PMID: 37596108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that personality traits affect cognitive performance; however, little is known about their influence on surgical performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of the Big Five personality traits on medical students' laparoscopic surgical skills. DESIGN In this prospective study, medical students' laparoscopic surgical skills were assessed using the Hiroshima University Laparoscopic Surgical Assessment Device (HUESAD). The participants performed the HUESAD tasks 10 times before they underwent training. After completing the simulator training, they performed the tasks 10 times. Thereafter, they answered Big Five personality trait questionnaires (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness). SETTING Academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS Forty medical students (10 women) were recruited. The selection criterion was a lack of simulations or clinical experience in laparoscopic procedures. RESULTS No significant correlations were found between personality traits and HUESAD assessment scores before training. Laparoscopic surgical skills improved significantly after the training (p < 0.001). The Big Five personality traits were correlated with improved laparoscopic surgical performance after training (r = -0.44, p < 0.05). Moreover, statistically significant positive correlations were observed between Conscientiousness and improvement rates (r = 0.36, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that medical students scoring high on Conscientiousness were more likely to have improved laparoscopic surgical skills, regardless of their initial skills. The ability to predict laparoscopic surgical skills would be useful in designing tailor-made training programs for safe and high-quality operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Hattori
- Center for Medical Education, Hiroshima University, School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Egi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
| | - Naoko Hasunuma
- Center for Medical Education, Hiroshima University, School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Erschens R, Fahse B, Festl-Wietek T, Herrmann-Werner A, Keifenheim KE, Zipfel S, Fallgatter AJ, Velten-Schurian K. Training medical students in motivational interviewing using a blended learning approach: a proof-of-concept study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1204810. [PMID: 37546454 PMCID: PMC10400288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1204810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Difficulties in implementing behavior change in patients with chronic diseases are common in clinical practice. Motivational interviewing (MI) helps clinicians to support patients in overcoming ambivalence while maintaining self-determination. The inclusion of MI in German medical training curricula is still rare. Furthermore, the effects of systematic teaching of MI, especially via blended learning, have hardly been investigated. Methods Medical students participated in three curricular events related to MI, consisting of instructional videos and theoretical and practical components in a blended learning format. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of teaching MI in students' medical education. A controlled, non-randomized study was conducted with an intervention group and a control group. Both groups completed questionnaires on their experience and knowledge related to MI, completed a knowledge test and rated their satisfaction with the course. MI was taught in the 6th semester of medical coursework as part of a psychosomatic course, in the 8th semester during a psychiatry course and in the 9th semester during a weekly psychiatry clerkship. Results Data from the intervention group (n = 35) and control group (n = 14) were analyzed, with 65.7% of students participating in all three parts of the curriculum. Overall interest in learning MI was high, with M = 2.92 (SD = 1.00). The results indicate a greater increase in knowledge over time in the intervention group. The majority (62.86%) stated that the curriculum was relevant to their future career. Free-form text responses indicated a high level of satisfaction with practical relevance. Conclusion This study demonstrates the usefulness of an MI curriculum for medical students. The integration of MI into medical curricula is a promising curricular addition to improve doctor-patient communication. Future research should address patient perceptions of MI competencies and the persistence of acquired competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Erschens
- University Medical Hospital Tuebingen, Internal Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Fahse
- University Medical Hospital Tuebingen, Internal Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Institute for Medical Education (TIME), Faculty of Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Festl-Wietek
- Tübingen Institute for Medical Education (TIME), Faculty of Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Herrmann-Werner
- University Medical Hospital Tuebingen, Internal Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Institute for Medical Education (TIME), Faculty of Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina E. Keifenheim
- University Medical Hospital Tuebingen, Internal Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- University Medical Hospital Tuebingen, Internal Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tuebingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Velten-Schurian
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Ammi M, Fooken J, Klein J, Scott A. Does doctors' personality differ from those of patients, the highly educated and other caring professions? An observational study using two nationally representative Australian surveys. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069850. [PMID: 37094898 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality differences between doctors and patients can affect treatment outcomes. We examine these trait disparities, as well as differences across medical specialities. DESIGN Retrospective, observational statistical analysis of secondary data. SETTING Data from two data sets that are nationally representative of doctors and the general population in Australia. PARTICIPANTS We include 23 358 individuals from a representative survey of the general Australian population (with subgroups of 18 705 patients, 1261 highly educated individuals and 5814 working in caring professions) as well as 19 351 doctors from a representative survey of doctors in Australia (with subgroups of 5844 general practitioners, 1776 person-oriented specialists and 3245 technique-oriented specialists). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Big Five personality traits and locus of control. Measures are standardised by gender, age and being born overseas and weighted to be representative of their population. RESULTS Doctors are significantly more agreeable (a: standardised score -0.12, 95% CIs -0.18 to -0.06), conscientious (c: -0.27 to -0.33 to -0.20), extroverted (e: 0.11, 0.04 to 0.17) and neurotic (n: 0.14, CI 0.08 to 0.20) than the general population (a: -0.38 to -0.42 to -0.34, c: -0.96 to -1.00 to -0.91, e: -0.22 to -0.26 to -0.19, n: -1.01 to -1.03 to -0.98) or patients (a: -0.77 to -0.85 to -0.69, c: -1.27 to -1.36 to -1.19, e: -0.24 to -0.31 to -0.18, n: -0.71 to -0.76 to -0.66). Patients (-0.03 to -0.10 to 0.05) are more open than doctors (-0.30 to -0.36 to -0.23). Doctors have a significantly more external locus of control (0.06, 0.00 to 0.13) than the general population (-0.10 to -0.13 to -0.06) but do not differ from patients (-0.04 to -0.11 to 0.03). There are minor differences in personality traits among doctors with different specialities. CONCLUSIONS Several personality traits differ between doctors, the population and patients. Awareness about differences can improve doctor-patient communication and allow patients to understand and comply with treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ammi
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonas Fooken
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jill Klein
- Melbourne Business School and Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Scott
- Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Louwen C, Reidlinger D, Milne N. Profiling health professionals' personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 36803372 PMCID: PMC9938999 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cognitive traits have been theorised to predict characteristics, career choice and outcomes of health professionals and could represent a homogenous group. This study aims to profile and compare personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence of health practitioners across a variety of professions. METHODS Empirical literature was systematically reviewed. A two-concept search strategy was applied to four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest). Title/abstract and full text articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was synthesised narratively and meta-aggregated where feasible. RESULTS Three hundred twenty-one studies representing 153 assessment tools of personality (n = 83 studies), behaviour (n = 8), and emotional intelligence (n = 62) were included. Most studies (n = 171) explored personality (medicine, nursing, nursing assistants, dentistry, allied health, paramedics), revealing variation in traits across professions. Behaviour styles were least measured with only ten studies exploring these across four health professions (nursing, medicine, occupational therapy, psychology). Emotional intelligence (n = 146 studies) varied amongst professions (medicine, nursing, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology) with all exhibiting average to above-average scores. CONCLUSION Personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence are all key characteristics of health professionals reported in the literature. There is both heterogeneity and homogeneity within and between professional groups. The characterisation and understanding of these non-cognitive traits will aid health professionals to understand their own non-cognitive features and how these might be useful in predicting performance with potential to adapt these to enhance success within their chosen profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Louwen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - D. Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - N. Milne
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
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Sier VQ, Schmitz RF, Schepers A, van der Vorst JR. Exploring the surgical personality. Surgeon 2023; 21:1-7. [PMID: 35241372 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Surgery is a demanding field, requiring determination and emotional stability. This review explores the surgical personality, addressing international personality differences between surgical and non-surgical specialties. Across the globe, surgically-interested individuals (i.e., medical students, residents, surgeons) generally scored higher on conscientiousness, open mindedness, and extraversion, and lower on neuroticism compared to non-surgically-interested contemporaries. Extraversion was inversely correlated to burnout in surgical residents and open mindedness to reduced competence in giving feedback. Although additional region- and/or country-specific research is warranted, being or becoming a surgeon appears to correlate to personality traits such as high conscientiousness and low neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Q Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Roderick F Schmitz
- Department of Surgery, Groene Hart Hospital, 2800 BB, Gouda, the Netherlands.
| | - Abbey Schepers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Joost R van der Vorst
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Sier VQ, Schmitz RF, Putter H, Schepers A, van der Vorst JR. The big five: Studying the surgical personality. Surgery 2022; 172:1358-1363. [PMID: 36064500 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The challenging nature of performing surgery on a personal and professional level demands specific characteristics. Personality traits play an important role in the nature and behavior of humans, which are studied using the five-factor model. Therefore, we investigated the personality of 3 surgical generations. METHODS Three distinct surgical populations were approached. The Dutch Big Five Inventory-2 was sent out online to 126 surgical residents (response: n = 69) and 104 surgeons (response: n = 60) in a teaching region in the Netherlands. Moreover, medical students interested in surgery were approached via the students' surgical society (response: n = 54). To obtain a normative Dutch population sample, the Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences panel was used, creating groups of the following age categories: 18 to 25 (n = 84), 26 to 35 (n = 101), 36 to 67 (n = 432). One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction was used to assess differences in personality scores. RESULTS Individuals interested in surgery (ie, surgically-oriented medical students, surgical residents, and surgeons) generally scored significantly higher on extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, open-mindedness, and lower on negative emotionality compared with the normative population sample. Across the surgical generations, surgical residents scored significantly lower on open-mindedness (3.60) compared with surgeons (3.92) and surgically-oriented medical students (3.82). Surgically-oriented medical students scored significantly higher in negative emotionality (2.44) compared with surgical residents (2.12) and surgeons (2.07). CONCLUSION Being a surgeon demands particular levels of determination and emotional stability. The surgical population shows a distinct personality pattern compared with the normative population, and more modest differences exist between persons in different stages of their surgical career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Q Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | | | - Hein Putter
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands. https://twitter.com/hein_putter
| | - Abbey Schepers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
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Kyaw L, Loh KY, Tan YQ, Wu FMW, Tiong HY, Wang Z. Personality differences between internal medicine and surgical residents in an Asian population. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:650. [PMID: 36038850 PMCID: PMC9426010 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Personality traits often have an impact on the way individuals relate to each other as colleagues and the patients we treat. It is often perceived that distinct personality exist between different specialties and may help predict success during one's training and career. METHODS Objective of the study was to compare the personality between surgical and medical residents. Thirty-five medical residents and 35 surgical residents completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, a validated measure of personality traits. A score was generated for each of the 5 major character traits namely: neuroticism(N), extraversion(E), openness(O), conscientiousness(C), agreeableness(A). Each of these traits were subdivided into 6 component facets. This was compared with sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Medical residents displayed higher scores in the area of overall Agreeableness, with a mean score of 47.4 vs 40.5. Within Agreeableness facets, medical residents also displayed higher scores of straightforwardness, altruism and modesty. Surgical residents displayed higher scores in terms of overall Extraversion (52.4 vs 45.4). Within the Extraversion facets, surgical residents were also more assertive and excitement-seeking. There was no difference in the overall neuroticism domain; however, within the neuroticism facets, surgical residents had statistically higher mean scores in angry hostility and impulsiveness. Gender stratification did not result in any statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION There are fundamental differences between personalities of medical and surgical residents. Detailed analysis of each individual's data could be useful, with proper assistance and coaching, for residents in learning more about their personalities and how these impact their clinical practice. This can be beneficial in future career counselling and the development of a more holistic medical practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kyaw
- Department of Urology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kep Yong Loh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Quan Tan
- Department of Urology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Mei Wen Wu
- Department of Urology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ho Yee Tiong
- Department of Urology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ziting Wang
- Department of Urology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Zelesniack E, Oubaid V, Harendza S. Advanced undergraduate medical students' perceptions of basic medical competences and specific competences for different medical specialties - a qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:590. [PMID: 35915439 PMCID: PMC9341094 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical graduates should have acquired basic competences that enable them to practice medicine independently as physicians and to enter postgraduate training in any specialty they wish. Little is known about advanced undergraduate medical students' perceptions of basic medical competences needed to start postgraduate training and about specialty-specific competences. This qualitative study aims to identify medical students' perceptions of basic medical competences and specific competence requirements for different specialties. METHODS In December 2020, sixty-four advanced undergraduate medical students participated in the role of a resident in a competence-based telemedicine training simulating a first day in postgraduate training. After the training, eight focus group interviews were conducted about students' perceptions of basic medical competences and specialty-specific competences using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically according to the six steps of Braun and Clarke. The analysis was carried out by an inductive search for themes, which were deductively assigned to the six competence areas of the requirement-tracking questionnaire (R-Track). RESULTS Regarding basic medical competences, four R-Track competence areas could be identified as main themes. The students considered 'Social-interactive competences' to be particularly relevant for basic clinical work, including 'Structuring information', 'Tactfulness', and 'Stress resistance'. Students especially emphasized 'Concentration' as an important aspect of the competence area 'Mental abilities'. Among 'Personality traits', 'Honesty' was mentioned most frequently, and students were also aware that 'Expertise' is particularly important for 'Motivation'. For different specialties, some competence areas were newly added to the competences needed for the respective specialty. For surgery, the competence areas 'Sensory abilities' and 'Psychomotor & multitasking abilities' were mentioned anew. 'Sensory abilities' were also newly attributed to radiology. 'Mental abilities' were mentioned as new competence area for psychiatry and internal medicine, while for anaesthesiology, 'Psychomotor & multitasking abilities' were newly added. CONCLUSIONS Advanced students seem to be well aware of basic competences needed for clinical practice. Good consensus between students and physicians was only found for psychiatry-specific competences. Medical schools should support their students in matching their perceptions of competences needed for specific specialties with specialty-specific requirements for a realistic choice of a specialty for postgraduate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zelesniack
- III. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sigrid Harendza
- III. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Marcisz-Dyla E, Dąbek J, Irzyniec T, Marcisz C. Personality Traits, Strategies of Coping with Stress and Psychophysical Wellbeing of Surgical and Non-Surgical Doctors in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031646. [PMID: 35162668 PMCID: PMC8835265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the personality traits, strategies of coping with stress and psychophysical wellbeing of surgical and non-surgical Polish doctors. The study used the following questionnaires and scales: the Resiliency Assessment Scale, the Type D Personality Scale, the Framingham Type A Scale, the Mini COPE—Coping Inventory and the Wellbeing Scale. Doctors performing surgical specialties were characterized by a significantly higher level of resilience components, a more frequent occurrence of the type B behaviour pattern and less frequent type D personality than doctors performing non-surgical specializations. The Mini COPE point values were comparable between surgical and non-surgical physicians. The sense of psychological wellbeing was higher in surgical specialists. The higher the values of the Optimistic approach to life and the ability to mobilize oneself in difficult situations, the lower the values of the Turning to religion domain and the higher the values of the Denial domain correlated with the performance of surgical specialization. Men performing surgical specializations were more often optimistic and inclined to consume alcohol, while women with non-surgical specialization more often coped with stress by turning to religion. We conclude that the personality traits of Polish doctors vary depending on their specialization. Physicians’ coping strategies do not differ depending on their specialization. The sense of mental wellbeing is higher in surgical specialists compared to non-surgical specialists. An optimistic approach to life and the ability to mobilize oneself in difficult situations, as well as coping with stress by denial are associated with the surgical specialization. Men performing surgical specialties more often declare optimism and a tendency to cope with stress by consuming alcohol or psychoactive substances, while women who perform non-surgical specializations more often cope with stress by turning to religion. Psychological screening tests and appropriate training, taking into account medical specialization, could be one way of improving resilience and coping with stress among doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Marcisz-Dyla
- Faculty of Management, Psychology, Katowice Business University, 40-659 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Józefa Dąbek
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Irzyniec
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 12, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Czesław Marcisz
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
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Borracci RA, Ciambrone G, Arribalzaga EB. Tolerance for Uncertainty, Personality Traits and Specialty Choice Among Medical Students. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:1885-1895. [PMID: 34001460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to explore the tolerance for uncertainty in its different aspects (risk, ambiguity and complexity) in medical students at different times of their careers, and to relate these tolerance levels with their predominant personality traits and specialty choices. A secondary objective was to build a hypothetical model aimed at explaining the potential relationships of dependency between gender, personality traits, tolerance for uncertainty and specialty choice using a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A prospective cross-sectional study including two cohorts of second-year (n = 155) and sixth-year (n = 157) medical students was performed during 2017 at the Buenos Aires University School of Medicine. Both student cohorts completed instruments assessing tolerance for different types of uncertainty: (1) complexity (Tolerance for Ambiguity scale); (2) risk (Pearson Risk Attitude scale); and (3) ambiguity (Ambiguity Aversion in Medicine scale). Information on age, gender and specialty choice in sixth-year medical students was included, plus the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) personality test. RESULTS Sixth-year students showed significantly lower scores than second-year students at tolerance for complexity (p = 0.0003) and ambiguity (p = 0.008). Sixth-year students choosing a surgical specialty were associated with low tolerance for risk and ambiguity, and moderate for complexity. Conversely, students choosing a clinical specialty were related with high tolerance for risk, moderate for ambiguity, and low for complexity. Logistic regression analysis including the uncertainty questionnaires plus BFI-10 categories demonstrated that only the "neuroticism" personality trait was independently associated with a surgical specialty choice (OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.03-1.67). The final SEM that best represented the data showed good fit statistics: chi-square (p = 0.108), and RMSEA (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Tolerance for uncertainty in its different dimensions was associated with personality traits and specialty choice among medical students. A SEM analysis could satisfactorily explain the hypothetical relationships of dependency between gender, personality traits, tolerance for uncertainty, and specialty choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl A Borracci
- School of Medicine, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Medical Education Research Laboratory, Deutsches Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Graciana Ciambrone
- Medical Education Research Laboratory, Deutsches Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abd Elwahab SM, Cosgrave J, Doherty E, Lowery A. Grit personality trait of doctors and medical students in level 4 acute hospital. Surgeon 2021; 20:216-224. [PMID: 34217616 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GRIT, defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, is a personality trait that is key to academic success and career achievement. Doctors face significant challenges and exposure to stressful situations throughout their career and require high levels of grit and perseverance to achieve success and avoid burn-out. This study aimed to measure overall levels of grit among hospital doctors and medical students and to compare levels of Grit across specialties and career grades. METHOD ology: A cross-sectional survey was used to measure GRIT levels using the validated Short Grit Scale (GRIT-S). Hospital doctors and medical students at University Hospital Galway were asked to complete the questionnaire. Gender, age, grade, education, and speciality were recorded. Analysis was conducted using STATA V12.1™ and SPSS 25™. RESULTS 378 questionnaires were completed with a participation rate of 75.6% eligible for analysis. The female: male ratio was 1.2:1, with a mean age of 29.6 ± 8.3 years. The mean Grit score of participants was 3.56 ± 0.55. Grit trait was independent of gender and increased with age and grade. Consultants had significantly higher mean Grit score (3.86 ± 0.59, p = 0.004). There was no difference between medical specialities, nor between graduate-entry and undergraduate medical students. CONCLUSION our results show that medical students and NCHDs alike have high levels of Grit compared to the general population, and the levels increase with career advancement, with the highest scores observed in consultants. This suggests that Grit might be of benefit as an adjunct in the selection process of applicants for training schemes and jobs that require high levels of resilience, as well as an adjunct to monitoring progress in training from a personality and mental health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Medani Abd Elwahab
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Ireland; Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Ireland.
| | - John Cosgrave
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - Eva Doherty
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Ireland
| | - Aoife Lowery
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Ireland; School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, NUI Galway, Ireland
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Sturesson L, Palmgren PJ, Öhlander M, Nilsson GH, Stenfors T. Migrant physicians' choice of employment and the medical specialty general practice: a mixed-methods study. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 19:63. [PMID: 33980236 PMCID: PMC8114484 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In many countries, migrant physicians (MP) tend to fill staff shortages in medical specialties perceived as low status. The aim of this study was to explore aspects that influence MPs', with a medical degree from outside EU/EEA, choice of employment and medical specialty in Sweden, and to explore and understand a potential over-representation in general practice (family medicine), a specialty suffering from staff shortages in Sweden. METHODS A mixed-methods approach was applied. This included questionnaire data from 101 MPs training and working as medical specialists in Sweden and semi-structured interview data from four MPs specializing in general practice. RESULTS Regardless of specialty, the most influential aspects when choosing employment were the ability to combine work with family, to develop one´s competence, and to have highly competent colleagues. Women scored higher on some aspects related to private life and the surroundings. More than half (55%) of the respondents specialized in general practice, and more women than men. The MPs in general practice scored higher on the aspect 'ability to have the same patients for a longer period' than MPs specializing in other specialties. No significant difference between MP general practitioner respondents and MPs in other medical specialties was found in relation to the item 'Was the specialty your first choice?'. Aspects identified in the interviews that influenced the choice to specialize in general practice related to job opportunities, positive experiences of primary health care, working conditions, and family conditions. CONCLUSION Labour market conditions such as high competition, and the time-consuming recertification process, can influence the choice to specialize in general practice as this reduces the time to become a medical specialist. We however did not find any results indicating that MPs' decision to specialize in general practice and to work as general practitioners was any less voluntary than that of MPs who chose other specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sturesson
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per J. Palmgren
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Öhlander
- Department of Ethnology, History of Religions and Gender Studies, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar H. Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terese Stenfors
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Morales A, Schultz KC, Gao S, Murphy A, Barnato AE, Fanning JB, Hall DE. Cultures of Practice: Specialty-Specific Differences in End-of-Life Conversations. Palliat Med Rep 2021; 2:71-83. [PMID: 33860283 PMCID: PMC8043084 DOI: 10.1089/pmr.2020.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance: Goals of care discussions at the end of life give opportunity to affirm the autonomy and humanity of dying patients. Best practices exist for communication around goals of care, but there is no research on differences in approach taken by different specialties engaging these conversations. Objective: To describe the communication practices of internal medicine (IM), emergency medicine (EM), and critical care (CC) physicians in a high-fidelity simulation of a terminally ill patient with stable and defined end-of-life preferences. Design, Setting, and Participants: Mixed-methods secondary analysis of transcripts obtained from a multicenter study simulating high stakes, time-limited end-of-life decision making in a cohort of 88 volunteer physicians (27 IM, 22 EM, and 39 CC) who were called to evaluate a standardized patient in extremis. The patient had clear comfort-oriented goals of care that the physician needed to elicit and use to inform treatment decisions. Discussions were coded at the level of the sentence for semantic content. Exposures: Data were analyzed by physician specialty. Main Outcome Measure: Occurrence of content codes indicative of prudent (right outcome by the right means) goals of care conversations. Data were analyzed both for number of occurrences of the code in a simulated conversation and for presence or absence of the code within a conversation. Results: There was no difference between physician types in intubation rates or intensive care unit admissions. Codes for "comfort as a goal of care," "noncurative goals of care," and "oblique references to death" emerged as significantly different between physician types. Conclusions and Relevance: This experiment shows demonstrable differences in practice patterns between physician specialties when addressing end-of-life decision making. Some of the variation likely arose from differences in setting, but these data suggest that training in goals of care conversations may benefit if it is adapted to the distinct needs and culture of each specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Morales
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevan C. Schultz
- University Center for Social and Urban Research (UCSUR), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shasha Gao
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Amber E. Barnato
- Department of Medicine, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joseph B. Fanning
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel E. Hall
- Department of Surgery, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Cantaert GR, Van Hecke A, Smolderen K. Perceptions of physicians, medical and nursing students concerning shared decision-making: a cross-sectional study. Acta Clin Belg 2021; 76:1-9. [PMID: 31272338 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2019.1637487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of Flemish physicians and medical/nursing trainees regarding shared decision-making (SDM) and to determine possible differences based on sex, age, rank, occupation and specialty. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2017 in which the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) was translated and administered. Higher scores on the six-point scale indicate a patient-centered respondent. Independent t-tests, One and Two-way ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis with the variables sex, age, occupation and specialty were performed. Results: 266 responses from 93 physicians, 147 medical and 26 nursing students were analyzed. Mean sharing scores were 4,24 ± 0,64; 4,30 ± 0,61; and 4,30 ± 0,67, respectively. In the regression model, female sex (p < 0,10) and employment (p < 0,05) in general practice or internal medicine is predictive for higher sharing among physicians. Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences between specialisms (p < 0,05): pediatricians (4,79 ± 0,69), psychiatrists (4,74 ± 0,47), obstetricians/gynecologists (4,40 ± 0,38) and general practitioners (4,31 ± 0,59) scored higher on the PPOS than surgeons (3,84 ± 0,58). Conclusion: Flemish providers and trainees are disease-centered. Physicians' attitudes vary depending on their specialism, presumably due to prolonged exposure to the specific clinical context. Additionally, academic-trained nurses share the belief that the physician should decide and the patient should rely on his knowledge rather than his own. There is an urgent need for health policy and educational institutions to facilitate an environment in which SDM is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriël Rafaël Cantaert
- Department of Public Health and primary care, University Centre for Nursing & Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Hecke
- Department of Public Health and primary care, University Centre for Nursing & Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Staff director of Nursing, Nursing Departement, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Smolderen
- Department of Biomedical & Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas, KS, USA
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Missouri-Kansas, KS, USA
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Curbelo J, Romeo J, Galván-Román J, Vega-Villar J, Martinez-Lapiscina E, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Villacampa T, Sánchez-Lasheras F, Fernández-Somoano A, Baladrón J. The popularity of neurology in Spain: an analysis of specialty selection. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Nawaiseh MB, Haddadin RR, Al Droubi B, Nawaiseh HB, Alarood S, Aborajooh E, Abufaraj M, Abu-Yaghi NE. The Association Between Personality Traits and Specialty Preference Among Medical Students in Jordan. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:599-607. [PMID: 32801957 PMCID: PMC7399462 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s262062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the association between personality traits by the five-factor model and specialty choice preference among medical students and immediate medical graduates in Jordan and to identify if there were any significant differences in personality profiles between those planning to pursue different career pathways. Methods This is a cross-sectional study including fifth- and sixth-year medical students and post-graduate internship doctors at five universities in Jordan. An online survey was used to collect data from participants, which included their general characteristics, their personality profile using the Big Five Inventory–2, and questions about their most preferred specialty choice. Results One thousand and twelve participants were enrolled in this study. Only 4.9% were interested in pursuing a specialty in basic medical sciences, and about 12% wanted to be non-practicing medical doctors. Almost half of all participants wanted to pursue a career in surgery-oriented specialties. Those were more extraverted, more conscientious, and had less negative emotions than students who chose medicine-oriented specialties. Students who decided to pursue clinical specialties and students who wanted to be practicing doctors were more extraverted and more conscientious. Conclusion Medical students and fresh medical graduates from Jordan who exhibited higher extraversion and conscientiousness and lower negative emotions preferred to be practicing clinicians. They were more inclined to pursue a career in surgery-oriented specialties. These findings might be helpful in understanding the preferences of young doctors and in counseling them about their career paths. Medical educators may wish to incorporate personality trait evaluation in planning post-graduate programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rund R Haddadin
- King Hussein Medical Center, The Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Belal Al Droubi
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | - Emad Aborajooh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Kerak, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Urology, The University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Milić J, Škrlec I, Milić Vranješ I, Jakab J, Plužarić V, Heffer M. Importance of the big-five in the future medical specialty preference. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:234. [PMID: 32698797 PMCID: PMC7376693 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most crucial decision in the physician's career after graduation is undoubtedly the choice of specialization. It is conditioned by many factors such as intellectual challenges, clinical experience, economic and social influences. The aim of this study was to determine whether personality traits affect the choice of medical specialty at the University of Osijek, Croatia. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total of 407 medical students. To assess the personality traits, the IPIP Big-Five questionnaire was used. RESULTS There were no differences in four of the five personality traits of the Big-Five questionnaire when comparing the groups based on their specialty preference: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. A significant difference was found for openness to experience (intellect/imagination) trait, where students who preferred psychiatry specialties achieved the highest score, and those who chose public health specialties scored the lowest. We observed no significant effect between gender and specialty preference based on personality traits. CONCLUSIONS We could not attribute the differences in personality traits to specialty preference. Medical students with higher scores on agreeableness and openness (intellect/imagination) scales were more inclined to psychiatric specialties, and more conscientiousness students preferred the anesthesiology and emergency medicine specialties. Even if variations in personality traits do not exist across different specialties, many other factors influence specialty preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Milić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Iva Milić Vranješ
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jelena Jakab
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Vera Plužarić
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Surbeck W, Samuel R, Spieler D, Seifritz E, Scantamburlo G, Stienen MN, Scholtes F. Neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists' personality traits: a comparison. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:461-468. [PMID: 31980949 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians in neuroscientific disciplines may present distinct personality profiles. Despite of potential relevance to clinical practice, this has not yet been studied. We therefore aimed to compare personality profiles of physicians working in the three main disciplines of clinical neuroscience, i.e., neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists, between each other, across levels of training and to other specialties. METHODS An online survey using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), an internationally validated measure of the five-factor model of personality dimensions, was distributed to board-certified physicians, residents, and medical students in several European countries and Canada. Differences in personality profiles were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and canonical linear discriminant analysis on age- and sex-standardized z-scores of personality traits. Single personality traits were analyzed using robust t tests. RESULTS Of the 5148 respondents who completed the survey, 723 indicated the specialties neurology, neurosurgery, or psychiatry. Compared to all other specialties, personality profiles of training and trained physicians in these three main clinical neuroscience disciplines ("NN&P") significantly differed, with significantly higher scores in openness to experience. Within NN&P, there were significant differences in personality profiles, driven by lower neuroticism in neurosurgeons, higher conscientiousness in neurosurgeons and neurologists, and higher agreeableness in psychiatrists. Across levels of training, NN&P personality profiles did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION The distinct clinical neuroscience personality profile is characterized by higher levels of openness to experience compared to non-neuroscience specialties. Despite high variability within each discipline, moderate, but solid differences in the personality profiles of neurologists, neurosurgeons and psychiatrists exist.
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Olsson C, Järnbert-Pettersson H, Ponzer S, Dahlin M, Bexelius T. Swedish doctors choice of medical speciality and associations with cultural capital and perceived status: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:244. [PMID: 31272433 PMCID: PMC6610830 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many western countries have problems recruiting and retaining medical specialists. In Sweden there is a lack of primary care doctors and psychiatrists. Despite much research on the topic the shortage remains. We therefore set out to analyse choice of medical speciality using Bourdieu's theoretical concepts; cultural capital, social background and perceived status. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 399 alumni from the Medical School at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm was performed. The response rate was 72% (n = 286); 262 of the respondents were in training to become specialists. Specialties were categorized as primary care, psychiatry, internal medicine, and surgical and hospital service specialties. To study the associations between medical specialties and cultural capital, we used multinomial regression analyses. Variables that showed a significant association with medical specialties were included in an adjusted multivariable model. These results were presented as odds ratios: the odds that a particular speciality is chosen in comparison to a choice of surgery as a speciality, based on perceptions of high status. RESULTS The results were analysed using Bourdieu's theoretical concepts of cultural capital, in the form of educational capital and social prestige. We found distinctive differences in perceived status for the examined speciality groups, ranging from 70% high status for surgery down to 6% high status for geriatrics and primary care. Perceived status was also associated with respondents' own speciality choice, presented as an odds ratio. Our data did not show any associations between speciality choice and educational capital. We also included sociodemographic data. CONCLUSION The field of medicine is according to Bourdieu an arena for power struggles. Knowledge of the distinctive differences in perceived status between medical specialties can be an asset particularly in relation to recruitment and retainment of specialist doctors. Our results could be used to identify specialities where perceptions of low status may be contributing to a shortage of specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Olsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Forskningscentrum, Sjukhusbacken 10, Södersjukhuset, SE-118 46 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Järnbert-Pettersson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sari Ponzer
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Dahlin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, S:t Görans Hospital, Vårdvägen 1, SE-112 81 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bexelius
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Childhood Cancer Research Unit and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Association Between Endoscopist Personality and Rate of Adenoma Detection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:1571-1579.e7. [PMID: 30326300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is significant variation among endoscopists in their adenoma detection rates (ADRs). We explored associations between ADR and characteristics of endoscopists, including personality traits and financial incentives. METHODS We collected electronic health record data from October 2013 through September 2015 and calculated ADRs for physicians from 4 health systems. ADRs were risk-adjusted for differences in patient populations. Physicians were surveyed to assess financial motivations, knowledge and perceptions about colonoscopy quality, and personality traits. Of 140 physicians sent the survey, 117 responded. RESULTS The median risk-adjusted ADR for all surveyed physicians was 29.3% (interquartile range, 24.1%-35.5%). We found no significant association between ADR and financial incentives, malpractice concerns, or physicians' perceptions of ADR as a quality metric. ADR was associated with the degree of self-reported compulsiveness relative to peers: among endoscopists who described themselves as much more compulsive, the ADR was 33.1%; among those who described themselves as somewhat more compulsive, the ADR was 32.9%; among those who described themselves as about the same as others, the ADR was 26.4%; and among those who described themselves as somewhat less compulsive, the ADR was 27.3%) (P = .0019). ADR was also associated with perceived thoroughness (much more thorough than peers, ADR = 31.5%; somewhat more, 31.9%; same/somewhat less, 27.1%; P = .0173). Physicians who reported feeling rushed, having difficulty pacing themselves, or having difficulty in accomplishing goals had higher ADRs. A secondary analysis found the same associations between personality and adenomas per colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant association between ADR and financial incentives, malpractice concerns, or perceptions of ADR as a quality metric. However, ADRs were higher among physicians who described themselves as more compulsive or thorough, and among those who reported feeling rushed or having difficulty accomplishing goals.
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Prins DJ, van Vendeloo SN, Brand PLP, Van der Velpen I, de Jong K, van den Heijkant F, Van der Heijden FMMA, Prins JT. The relationship between burnout, personality traits, and medical specialty. A national study among Dutch residents. MEDICAL TEACHER 2019; 41:584-590. [PMID: 30394166 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2018.1514459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the associations between residents' personality traits, type of specialty, and symptoms of burnout. Method: A cross-sectional online survey among Dutch residents was conducted (see Supplementary Material ). The 20-item Dutch translation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to ascertain burnout. Personality traits were assessed with the 44-item Dutch Big Five Inventory. Logistic regression analyses, including all five personality traits, were used to assess associations with burnout. Analyses were stratified by specialties. Results: One thousand two hundred thirty one residents participated, 185 (15.0%) of whom met the criteria for burnout. Neuroticism was significantly associated with resident burnout in all specialties, more strongly in supportive (odds ratio (OR) 6.19, 95% CI 2.12-18.12) and surgical (OR 4.37, 95% CI 1.76-10.86) than in medical residents (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.22-3.24). Extraversion was significantly associated with less burnout in surgical residents (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13-0.58). These findings remained highly significant after controlling for gender, overtime, autonomy at work, satisfaction between work and private life, and the perceived quality of the learning environment. Conclusions: Burnout risk was associated with personality traits in residents. Consistently, residents scoring high on neuroticism reported more burnout. Extraverted surgical residents were less susceptible to burnout. Residents scoring high on neuroticism may require more intense monitoring during their training years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Prins
- a Department of Pulmonology , Medical Center Leeuwarden , Leeuwarden , The Netherlands
| | - Stefan N van Vendeloo
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology , Isala Hospital , Zwolle , The Netherlands
| | - Paul L P Brand
- c Postgraduate School of Medicine , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Inge Van der Velpen
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Martini Hospital , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Kim de Jong
- e Department of Epidemiology, MCL academy , Medical Center Leeuwarden , Leeuwarden , The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jelle T Prins
- h MCL Academy , Medical Center Leeuwarden , Leeuwarden , The Netherlands
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Olsson C, Kalén S, Mellstrand Navarro C, Ponzer S. Swedish doctors' experiences and personality regarding medical specialty choice: a qualitative study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 10:36-42. [PMID: 30825367 PMCID: PMC6766387 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5c60.1c63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore an understanding of medical doctors' entire process of specialty choice with a focus on the influence of personal experiences and personality traits on choices made. METHODS A qualitative study was performed. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with medical doctors undergoing their specialty training in Sweden about their experiences and personalities. The transcribed interviews were analyzed with an inductive content analysis approach. RESULTS A total of 15 medical doctors participated. Three themes were identified using content analysis: To be invited or not, to fit in or not and to contribute or not. Furthermore, the results refute that specialty choice is a long-term, complex process. CONCLUSIONS First, the importance of being invited to the specialty choice was stressed by the doctors, especially in their early years when they needed to feel valued and trusted. Secondly, the need to fit in was essential to make a sustainable career choice. Finally, the doctors' expressed a will to contribute to the medical field of their chosen specialty. The interviews showed that specialty choice is a long-term, complex process; therefore, one implication for the healthcare sector would be to target the entire chain of medical education to improve recruitment strategies for those specialties with recruitment difficulties. More studies are needed to understand better how positive and negative encounters within the healthcare sector can influence young doctors' specialty choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Olsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Kalén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sari Ponzer
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fino E, Agostini A, Mazzetti M, Colonnello V, Caponera E, Russo PM. There Is a Limit to Your Openness: Mental Illness Stigma Mediates Effects of Individual Traits on Preference for Psychiatry Specialty. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:775. [PMID: 31736797 PMCID: PMC6833974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The widening gap between the need for mental health professionals and the low percentages of medical students pursuing a psychiatric career urges an examination of how individual traits, stigma attitudes, and related intended behaviors interact to better explain the variance in preferences for psychiatry as a specialty choice. Methods: Participants were second-year, preclinical medical students at Bologna University, Italy. The study consisted in completion of an online questionnaire evaluating preferences for the psychiatry specialty (one single item and a scenario-based response), personality traits (the Big Five Questionnaire), attitudes (Mental Illness for Clinicians' Attitude scale), behaviors (Reported and Intended Behavior Scale), and fears toward mental illness (questionnaire created ad hoc). Sociodemographic data were also collected. Results: A total of 284 medical students [58.8% female, mean (SD) age 20.47 ± 1.90] completed the questionnaire. Preference for the psychiatry specialty was significantly and positively associated with openness to experience and negatively related with Mental Illness for Clinicians' Attitude scale and Reported and Intended Behavior Scale. The full-mediation model provided good indices explaining 18% of the variance. Mental illness stigma was strongly and negatively associated with both openness to experience and preference for psychiatry, and the mediation results evidenced a positive and significant effect. Conclusions: Mental illness stigma influences medical students' choice of psychiatry as a specialty, accounting for the effects of the openness to experience trait. Stigma awareness and reduction programs should be introduced as early as possible in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Fino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Mazzetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Colonnello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Caponera
- National Institute for the Educational Evaluation of Instruction and Training (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Russo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Stienen MN, Scholtes F, Samuel R, Weil A, Weyerbrock A, Surbeck W. Different but similar: personality traits of surgeons and internists-results of a cross-sectional observational study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021310. [PMID: 29982214 PMCID: PMC6045716 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medical practice may attract and possibly enhance distinct personality profiles. We set out to describe the personality profiles of surgical and medical specialties focusing on board-certified physicians. DESIGN Prospective, observational. SETTING Online survey containing the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), an internationally validated measure of the Five Factor Model of personality dimensions, distributed to board-certified physicians, residents and medical students in several European countries and Canada. Differences in personality profiles were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance and Canonical Linear Discriminant Analysis on age-standardised and sex-standardised z-scores of the personality traits. Single personality traits were analysed using robust t-tests. PARTICIPANTS The TIPI was completed by 2345 board-certified physicians, 1453 residents and 1350 medical students, who also provided demographic information. RESULTS Normal population and board-certified physicians' personality profiles differed (p<0.001). The latter scored higher on conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness, but lower on neuroticism (all p<0.001). There was no difference in openness to experience. Board-certified surgical and medical doctors' personality profiles were also different (p<0.001). Surgeons scored higher on extraversion (p=0.003) and openness to experience (p=0.002), but lower on neuroticism (p<0.001). There was no difference in agreeableness and conscientiousness. These differences in personality profiles were reproduced at other levels of training, that is, in students and training physicians engaging in surgical versus medical practice. CONCLUSION These results indicate the existence of a distinct and consistent average 'physician personality'. Despite high variability within disciplines, there are moderate but solid and reproducible differences between surgical and medical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Stienen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholtes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Robin Samuel
- Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Weil
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Astrid Weyerbrock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Werner Surbeck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mullola S, Hakulinen C, Presseau J, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Jokela M, Hintsa T, Elovainio M. Personality traits and career choices among physicians in Finland: employment sector, clinical patient contact, specialty and change of specialty. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:52. [PMID: 29587722 PMCID: PMC5870817 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality influences an individual's adaptation to a specific job or organization. Little is known about personality trait differences between medical career and specialty choices after graduating from medical school when actually practicing different medical specialties. Moreover, whether personality traits contribute to important career choices such as choosing to work in the private or public sector or with clinical patient contact, as well as change of specialty, have remained largely unexplored. In a nationally representative sample of Finnish physicians (N = 2837) we examined how personality traits are associated with medical career choices after graduating from medical school, in terms of employment sector, patient contact, medical specialty and change of specialty. METHODS Personality was assessed using the shortened version of the Big Five Inventory (S-BFI). An analysis of covariance with posthoc tests for pairwise comparisons was conducted, adjusted for gender and age with confounders (employment sector, clinical patient contact and medical specialty). RESULTS Higher openness was associated with working in the private sector, specializing in psychiatry, changing specialty and not practicing with patients. Lower openness was associated with a high amount of patient contact and specializing in general practice as well as ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. Higher conscientiousness was associated with a high amount of patient contact and specializing in surgery and other internal medicine specialties. Lower conscientiousness was associated with specializing in psychiatry and hospital service specialties. Higher agreeableness was associated with working in the private sector and specializing in general practice and occupational health. Lower agreeableness and neuroticism were associated with specializing in surgery. Higher extraversion was associated with specializing in pediatrics and change of specialty. Lower extraversion was associated with not practicing with patients. CONCLUSIONS The results showed distinctive personality traits to be associated with physicians' career and specialty choices after medical school independent of known confounding factors. Openness was the most consistent personality trait associated with physicians' career choices in terms of employment sector, amount of clinical patient contact, specialty choice and change of specialty. Personality-conscious medical career counseling and career guidance during and after medical education might enhance the person-job fit among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Mullola
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, (Siltavuorenpenger 5 A), P.O. Box 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- National Center for Children and Families, Teachers College Columbia University, Thorndike Hall 525 West 120th Street, Box 39, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justin Presseau
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8L6 Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, K1G 5Z3 Canada
| | - David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00370 Helsinki, Finland
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Curbelo J, Romeo JM, Galván-Román JM, Vega-Villar J, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Villacampa T, Sánchez-Lasheras F, Fernández-Somoano A, Baladrón J. The popularity of neurology in Spain: An analysis of specialty selection. Neurologia 2017; 35:543-550. [PMID: 29279256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurology is one of the medical specialties offered each year to residency training candidates. This project analyses the data associated with candidates choosing neurology residency programmes in recent years. METHODS Data related to specialty selection were obtained from official reports by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services, and Equality. Information was collected on several characteristics of teaching centres: availability of stroke units, endovascular intervention, national reference clinics for neurology, specific on-call shifts for neurology residents, and links with medical schools or national research networks. RESULTS The median selection list position of candidates selecting neurology training has been higher year on year; neurology was among the 4 most popular residency programmes in 2016. Potential residents were mainly female, Spanish, and had good academic results. The median number of hospitals with higher numbers of beds, endovascular intervention, stroke units, and national reference clinics for neurology is significantly lower. This is also true when centers are analysed by presence of specific on-call shifts for neurology residents and association with medical schools or national research networks. The centres selected by candidates with the highest median selection list position in 2012-2016 were the Clínico San Carlos, 12 de Octubre, and Vall d'Hebron university hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Neurology has gradually improved in residency selection choices and is now one of the 4 most popular options. Potential residents prefer larger centres which are more demanding in terms of patient care and which perform more research activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Curbelo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España.
| | | | - J M Galván-Román
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - J Vega-Villar
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, España
| | - E H Martinez-Lapiscina
- Hospital Clínic - Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, España
| | - P Jiménez-Fonseca
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - T Villacampa
- Curso Atención Primaria Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | | | - A Fernández-Somoano
- IUOPA-Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - J Baladrón
- Curso Intensivo MIR Asturias, Oviedo, España
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Personality traits within a pediatric surgery fellowship applicant pool. J Surg Res 2017; 218:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Al-Alawi M, Al-Sinawi H, Al-Husseini S, Al-Adawi S, Panchatcharam SM, Khan S, Jeyaseelan L. Influence of Eysenckian Personality Traits in Choice of Specialization by Young Omani Doctors. Oman Med J 2017; 32:291-296. [PMID: 28804581 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2017.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of personality in occupational specialty choices has been explored in many parts of the world. To our knowledge, there is a dearth of such studies in the Arab/Islamic population and Oman is no exception. This study aimed to explore the relationship between personality traits and specialty choice among residents of Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB). METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among Omani resident physicians working under OMSB. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised was employed to quantify personality subtypes (e.g., psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism). Specialties were categorized as surgical, medical, and diagnostics as per standard of North American medical specialties. A total of 255 residents in 17 medical specialties participated in the study (m = 40.4%; f = 59.6%) of 300 eligible subjects giving a response rate of 85.0%. RESULTS Respondents who had chosen surgical specialties scored significantly higher on the psychoticism subscale than those who had opted for medical and diagnostic specialties. As for individual specialties, orthopedic respondents had statistically significant higher mean scores on psychoticism and neuroticism compared to radiologists and psychiatrists who scored the lowest in the two personality traits, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study found statistically significant associations between personality traits and choices of specialty by young Omani doctors. We recommend more detailed studies that examine further psychological and cultural variables that are likely to affect the choices of specializations by young Omani professionals in both medical and non-medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Alawi
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hamed Al-Sinawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salim Al-Husseini
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Sahar Khan
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan
- Department of Statistics and Health Information, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Tsigarides J, Wingfield LR, Kulendran M. Does a PBL-based medical curriculum predispose training in specific career paths? A systematic review of the literature. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:24. [PMID: 28061800 PMCID: PMC5219658 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND North American medical schools have used problem-based learning (PBL) structured medical education for more than 60 years. However, it has only recently been introduced in other medical schools outside of North America. Since its inception, there has been the debate on whether the PBL learning process predisposes students to select certain career paths. OBJECTIVES To review available evidence to determine the predisposition of specific career paths when undertaking a PBL-based medical curriculum. The career path trajectory was determined as measured by official Matching Programs, self-reported questionnaires and surveys, and formally defined career development milestones. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed. PubMed, Medline, Cochrane and ERIC databases were analysed in addition to reference lists for appropriate inclusion. RESULTS Eleven studies fitting the inclusion criteria were identified. The majority of studies showed that PBL did not predispose a student to a career in a specific speciality (n = 7 out of 11 studies, 64%). However, three studies reported a significantly increased number of PBL graduates working in primary care compared to those from a non-PBL curriculum. CONCLUSIONS PBL has been shown not to predispose medical students to a career in General Practice or any other speciality. Furthermore, a greater number of similar studies are required before a definitive conclusion can be made in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Tsigarides
- James Paget University Hospital, Lowestoft Road, Gorleston-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, NR31 6LA, UK.
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