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Patil S, Ashi H, Hosmani J, Almalki AY, Alhazmi YA, Mushtaq S, Parveen S, Baeshen HA, Varadarajan S, Raj AT, Patil VR, Vyas N. Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (Giloy) inhibits oral cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4553-4559. [PMID: 34354441 PMCID: PMC8324948 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (Giloy) has been applied successfully as an anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and even as an anti-cancer agent. Yet, to date, the application of Giloy has not been explored concerning oral cancer. Objectives To assess the effect of T cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (Giloy) extract (TcE) on an oral cancer cell line. Methods AW13516 (oral cancer cell line) cells were treated with the prepared aqueous extract of TcE for 24 h at various concentrations ranging between 5 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml and compared with control (cells without treatment). Thee effect of the extracts on apoptosis was assessed by through Annexin V flow cytometry assay and Luminometry based assessment of Caspase 8, 9 and caspase 3/7 activity. RNA was isolated from treated cells and gene expression of selected metastatic genes (MMP1, MMP10, and CXCL8); epithelial-mesenchymal stem cell genes (TWIST1, SNAIL, ZEB1, Oct4) and stemness related genses (Nanog, Sox2) were analyzed by using a quantitative real-time PCR system. The experiments were performed in triplicates. Results Aqueous extract of TcE was found to induce apoptosis inducer in AW13516 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and was potent even at a low concentration of 5 μg/ml. The apoptosis induction was confirmed with the caspase activity assay. Treatment of the cells with the extract for 24 h exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of EMT genes in a dose-dependent manner without an effect on the metastatic genes. Conclusion Aqueous extract of TcE induces apoptosis-mediated cell death in the oral cancer cell line AW13516 while attenuating its potential for epithelial mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jagadish Hosmani
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yaser Ali Alhazmi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Mushtaq
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dental Health Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Nishant Vyas
- Logical Life Science Private Limited, Pune, India
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Li L, Zhou X, Wang Y. Smokeless tobacco extract inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in oral mucous fibroblasts. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5066-5074. [PMID: 30250574 PMCID: PMC6144942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of smokeless tobacco extract (STE) is growing rapidly, and it has been implicated in several human diseases including diabetes, inflammation and a number of types of cancer. The toxicity of STE requires evaluation, as it is known to induce numerous public health issues. To investigate whether STE serves a role in cultured human oral mucosa fibroblasts (hOMFs), the present study examined HOMF morphology with inverted microscopy and immunofluorescence staining. The cell viability was measured with MTT assays, which detected the cell apoptosis rate via flow cytometry. The activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured via flow cytometry and commercial kits, subsequent to exposing the cells to various concentrations of STE. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to demonstrate that the mRNA and the protein expression levels of cell cycle-associated genes (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 and cyclin D1), apoptosis-associated genes [B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associatied X protein], tumor protein (p53), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-transcription factor (p65) signaling pathways, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinoneoxidoreductase1 (NQO1). The results indicated that the hOMF cells were positive for cytokeratin staining. STE induced G1-S cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis by regulating the cell cycle or apoptosis-associated proteins. STE treatment increased the concentrations of ROS and MDA, and decreased the concentrations of SOD and CAT. STE unregulated phosphorylated-p53, NF-κB p65, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 expression levels in the hOMF cells. The present study demonstrated that STE appears to promote oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yanran Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass media tobacco control campaigns can reach large numbers of people. Much of the literature is focused on the effects of tobacco control advertising on young people, but there are also a number of evaluations of campaigns targeting adult smokers, which show mixed results. Campaigns may be local, regional or national, and may be combined with other components of a comprehensive tobacco control policy. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of mass media interventions in reducing smoking among adults. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group search strategy was combined with additional searches for any studies that referred to tobacco/smoking cessation, mass media and adults. We also searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and a number of electronic databases. The last search was carried out in November 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA Controlled trials allocating communities, regions or states to intervention or control conditions; interrupted time series.Adults, 25 years or older, who regularly smoke cigarettes. Studies which cover all adults as defined in studies were included.Mass media are defined here as channels of communication such as television, radio, newspapers, billboards, posters, leaflets or booklets intended to reach large numbers of people, and which are not dependent on person-to-person contact. The purpose of the mass media campaign must be primarily to encourage smokers to quit. They could be carried out alone or in conjunction with tobacco control programmes.The primary outcome was change in smoking behaviour. This could be reported as changes in prevalence, changes in cigarette consumption, quit rates, or odds of being a smoker. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed all studies for inclusion criteria and for study quality (MB, LS, RTM). One author (MB) extracted data, and a second author (LS) checked them.Results were not pooled due to heterogeneity of the included studies and are presented narratively and in table form. MAIN RESULTS Eleven campaigns met the inclusion criteria for this review. Studies differed in design, settings, duration, content and intensity of intervention, length of follow-up, methods of evaluation and also in definitions and measures of smoking behaviour used. Among seven campaigns reporting smoking prevalence, significant decreases were observed in the California and Massachusetts statewide tobacco control campaigns compared with the rest of the USA. Some positive effects on prevalence in the whole population or in the subgroups were observed in three of the remaining seven studies. Three large-scale campaigns of the seven presenting results for tobacco consumption found statistically significant decreases. Among the eight studies presenting abstinence or quit rates, four showed some positive effect, although in one of them the effect was measured for quitting and cutting down combined. Among the three that did not show significant decreases, one demonstrated a significant intervention effect on smokers and ex-smokers combined. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that comprehensive tobacco control programmes which include mass media campaigns can be effective in changing smoking behaviour in adults, but the evidence comes from a heterogeneous group of studies of variable methodological quality. One state-wide tobacco control programme (Massachusetts) showed positive results up to eight years after the campaign. Another (California) showed positive results during the period of adequate funding and implementation and in final evaluation since the beginning of the programme. Six of nine studies carried out in communities or regions showed some positive effects on smoking behaviour and at least one significant change in smoking prevalence (Sydney). The intensity and duration of mass media campaigns may influence effectiveness, but length of follow-up and concurrent secular trends and events can make this difficult to quantify. No consistent relationship was observed between campaign effectiveness and age, education, ethnicity or gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata M Bala
- Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeChair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Department of Hygiene and Dietetics; Systematic Reviews Unit ‐ Polish Cochrane BranchKopernika 7KrakowPoland31‐034
| | | | - Roman Topor‐Madry
- Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeDepartment of Epidemiology and Population StudiesGrzegórzecka 20KrakowPoland31‐531
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Taylor T, Cooper TV, Hernandez N, Kelly M, Law J, Colwell B. A Smoke-Free Paso del Norte: impact over 10 years on smoking prevalence using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Am J Public Health 2012; 102:899-908. [PMID: 22494000 PMCID: PMC3483899 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the impact of a tobacco control initiative over 10 years on cessation and prevention. METHODS We examined 2000-2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System cases of a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) with systematic tobacco control efforts throughout the decade (El Paso, TX) and 2 comparison MSAs similar in size and population with less coordinated tobacco control efforts (Austin-Round Rock, TX and San Antonio, TX). RESULTS Yearly, El Paso exhibited a 6% increase in the prevalence of former smokers, a 6% decrease in prevalence of daily smokers, and a 7% decrease in the prevalence of established smoking (≥ 100 cigarettes per lifetime and currently smoking); we did not observe similar trends in the comparison MSAs. There was no change in the prevalence of nondaily smokers in any of the MSAs. CONCLUSIONS The coordinated tobacco control activities in El Paso are related to cessation among daily smokers and prevention of established smoking at the population level but have not stimulated cessation among nondaily smokers. Comprehensive tobacco control should focus more on not only daily smokers but also nondaily smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
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Mackay DF, Haw S, Pell JP. Impact of Scottish smoke-free legislation on smoking quit attempts and prevalence. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26188. [PMID: 22110585 PMCID: PMC3217920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In Scotland, legislation was implemented in March 2006 prohibiting smoking in all wholly or partially enclosed public spaces. We investigated the impact on attempts to quit smoking and smoking prevalence. Methods We performed time series models using Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) on monthly data on the gross ingredient cost of all nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) prescribed in Scotland in 2003–2009, and quarterly data on self-reported smoking prevalence between January 1999 and September 2010 from the Scottish Household Survey. Results NRT prescription costs were significantly higher than expected over the three months prior to implementation of the legislation. Prescription costs peaked at £1.3 million in March 2006; £292,005.9 (95% CI £260,402.3, £323,609, p<0.001) higher than the monthly norm. Following implementation of the legislation, costs fell exponentially by around 26% per month (95% CI 17%, 35%, p<0.001). Twelve months following implementation, the costs were not significantly different to monthly norms. Smoking prevalence fell by 8.0% overall, from 31.3% in January 1999 to 23.7% in July–September 2010. In the quarter prior to implementation of the legislation, smoking prevalence fell by 1.7% (95% CI 2.4%, 1.0%, p<0.001) more than expected from the underlying trend. Conclusions Quit attempts increased in the three months leading up to Scotland's smoke-free legislation, resulting in a fall in smoking prevalence. However, neither has been sustained suggesting the need for additional tobacco control measures and ongoing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Mackay
- Public Health Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Kabir Z, Connolly GN, Koh HK, Clancy L. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease hospitalization rates in Massachusetts: a trend analysis. QJM 2010; 103:163-8. [PMID: 20123682 PMCID: PMC2909822 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcp190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) causes a huge economic burden and >80% of COPD cases are attributable to smoking. Massachusetts introduced a comprehensive Tobacco Control Program (MTCP) in January 1993. A trend analysis of COPD hospitalization rates might indirectly reflect the potential impact of such comprehensive tobacco control programs. METHODS Age-adjusted COPD hospitalization rates/100,000 was abstracted from the Massachusetts Community Health Information Profile Database between 1989 and 2005. Joinpoint Regression Analyses program was employed to estimate annual percent changes (APC) in COPD rates by age, sex and race. RESULTS In 1989, 265/100,000 age-adjusted COPD hospitalization rates were reported that increased to 423/100,000 in 1993, and then declined to 329/100,000 in 2005. A significant annual decline of 5.6 percentage points was observed in overall COPD rates from 1993 onwards. A similar temporal pattern, with an age-gradient and a slower annual decline in female COPD rates relative to male COPD rates, was observed. COPD rates in both Blacks and Whites were similar to the general overall pattern. Such consistent annual declines in COPD hospitalization rates from 1993 onwards in Massachusetts also closely correspond to the introduction of the MTCP in January 1993. CONCLUSION The findings indirectly suggest that smoking cessation should remain the cornerstone strategy for the prevention and control of COPD burden. However, additional studies across different population settings are essential for a definitive conclusion with regard to the immediate impact of a comprehensive tobacco control program on COPD hospitalization rates showing possible gender susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kabir
- Research Institute for a Tobacco Free Society, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Thomson G, Wilson N, Howden-Chapman P. Population level policy options for increasing the prevalence of smokefree homes. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60:298-304. [PMID: 16537345 PMCID: PMC2577370 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2005.038091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate the options for population level government policies to increase the prevalence of homes free of secondhand smoke. METHODS The literature was searched for population level policy options and evidence on them. Three criteria were used to evaluate the policy options: effectiveness, the reductions on inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure, and cost effectiveness. The setting was four developed, English speaking jurisdictions: Britain, USA, Australia, and New Zealand. RESULTS Evidence from all four countries shows some association between relatively comprehensive tobacco control programmes and lower prevalence levels of smoking in homes. The evidence of the effect of such programmes on inequalities in smokefree home prevalence is limited. No published evidence was found of the cost effectiveness of the programmes in achieving changes in smokefree homes. Within comprehensive programmes, there is some indirect evidence that some mass media campaigns could increase the prevalence of smokefree homes. Structural options that have potential to support smokefree homes include smokefree places legislation, and laws for the protection of children. CONCLUSION The available evidence to date suggests that comprehensive tobacco control programmes (to reduce the prevalence of smoking in the total population) are likely to be the most effective and sustainable option for increasing the prevalence of smokefree homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Thomson
- Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington South, New Zealand.
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Bozkurt AI, Şahinöz S, Özçırpıcı B, Özgür S, Şahinöz T, Acemoğlu H, Saka G, Ceylan A, Palanci Y, İlçin E, Akkafa F. Patterns of active and passive smoking, and associated factors, in the South-east Anatolian Project (SEAP) region in Turkey. BMC Public Health 2006; 6:15. [PMID: 16436202 PMCID: PMC1403766 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is an important health threat in Turkey. This study aimed to determine the frequency of and main factors associated with smoking in persons of 15 years and over, and the frequency of passive smoking in homes in the South-east Anatolian Project (SEAP) Region in Turkey. Methods A cross sectional design was employed. The sample waschosen by the State Institute of Statistics using a stratified cluster probability sampling method. 1126 houses representing the SEAP Region were visited. Questionnaires about tobacco smoking and related factors were applied to 2166 women and 1906 men (of 15 years old and above) in their homes. Face-to-face interview methods were employed. Participants were classified as current, ex, and non-smokers. The presence of a regular daily smoker in a house was used as an indication of passive smoking. The chi-square andlogistic regressionanalysis methods were used for the statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of smoking, in those of 15 years and over, was 11.8% in women and 49.7% in men. The prevalence of current smokers was higher in urban (34.5 %) than in rural (22.8 %) regions. The mean of total cigarette consumption was 6.5 packs/year in women and 17.9 packs/year in men. There was at least one current smoker in 70.1% of the houses. Conclusion Smoking is a serious problem in the South-eastern Anatolian Region. Male gender, middle age, a high level of education and urban residency were most strongly associated with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Bozkurt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Saime Şahinöz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Birgül Özçırpıcı
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Servet Özgür
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Turgut Şahinöz
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Medical Directorate of Gaziantep Province, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hamit Acemoğlu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Günay Saka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ali Ceylan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Palanci
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ersen İlçin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Feridun Akkafa
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
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Koh HK, Judge CM, Robbins H, Celebucki CC, Walker DK, Connolly GN. The first decade of the Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program. Public Health Rep 2005; 120:482-95. [PMID: 16224981 PMCID: PMC1497757 DOI: 10.1177/003335490512000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the first decade of the Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program (MTCP). Born after Massachusetts passed a 1992 ballot initiative raising cigarette excise taxes to fund the program, MTCP greatly reduced statewide cigarette consumption before being reduced to a skeletal state by funding cuts. The article describes the program's components and goals, details outcomes, presents a summary of policy accomplishments, and reviews the present status of MTCP in the current climate of national and state fiscal crises. The first decade of the MTCP offers many lessons learned for the future of tobacco control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard K Koh
- Division of Public Health Practice, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Frieden TR, Mostashari F, Kerker BD, Miller N, Hajat A, Frankel M. Adult tobacco use levels after intensive tobacco control measures: New York City, 2002-2003. Am J Public Health 2005; 95:1016-23. [PMID: 15914827 PMCID: PMC1449302 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2004.058164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the impact of comprehensive tobacco control measures in New York City. METHODS In 2002, New York City implemented a tobacco control strategy of (1) increased cigarette excise taxes; (2) legal action that made virtually all work-places, including bars and restaurants, smoke free; (3) increased cessation services, including a large-scale free nicotine-patch program; (4) education; and (5) evaluation. The health department also began annual surveys on a broad array of health measures, including smoking. RESULTS From 2002 to 2003, smoking prevalence among New York City adults decreased by 11% (from 21.6% to 19.2%, approximately 140000 fewer smokers). Smoking declined among all age groups, race/ethnicities, and education levels; in both genders; among both US-born and foreign-born persons; and in all 5 boroughs. Increased taxation appeared to account for the largest proportion of the decrease; however, between 2002 and 2003 the proportion of cigarettes purchased outside New York City doubled, reducing the effective price increase by a third. CONCLUSIONS Concerted local action can sharply reduce smoking prevalence. However, further progress will require national action, particularly to increase cigarette taxes, reduce cigarette tax evasion, expand education and cessation services, and limit tobacco marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Frieden
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York 10013, USA.
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Soldz S, Clark TW, Stewart E, Celebucki C, Klein Walker D. Decreased youth tobacco use in Massachusetts 1996 to 1999: evidence of tobacco control effectiveness. Tob Control 2002; 11 Suppl 2:ii14-9. [PMID: 12034975 PMCID: PMC1766080 DOI: 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_2.ii14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate tobacco control in Massachusetts through examining trends in youth tobacco use from 1996 to 1999. DESIGN Data are from the 1996 and 1999 Massachusetts Prevalence Study survey of public school students in the state. PARTICIPANTS Participants consisted of 6800 (1996) and 6980 (1999) students in Massachusetts public school grades 6-12 (approximate ages 11-18 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes are changes in lifetime and current (past month) cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco. RESULTS In grades 7-12, there were significant decreases in lifetime (48.3% to 41.9%) and current (30.7% to 23.7%) cigarette use, smokeless tobacco use (lifetime 16.5% to 9.9%; current 4.55 to 2.6%), and current cigar use (12.2% to 8.6%). Decreases occurred for both male and female 7-8th graders. In grades 9-12 decreases were somewhat greater for females than males. Trends for grades 8, 10, and 12 were compared to those seen nationally and in the northeast region in the Monitoring the Future study. For the pooled grades the decreases for cigarettes were greater than those seen nationally or in the northeast region. CONCLUSIONS Results support the effectiveness of the comprehensive Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program. The increasing tobacco rates in the first half of the 1990s have been dramatically reversed. These results suggest that programme efforts should be supported or even expanded in order to decrease further the state's rates of youth tobacco use. The findings suggest that other states may learn useful lessons from Massachusetts' successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Soldz
- Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc, and Simmons College Graduate School of Social Work, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Robbins H, Krakow M, Warner D. Adult smoking intervention programmes in Massachusetts: a comprehensive approach with promising results. Tob Control 2002; 11 Suppl 2:ii4-7. [PMID: 12034973 PMCID: PMC1766085 DOI: 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_2.ii4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the history of Massachusetts' opposition to smoking. It describes the current Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program and its smoking intervention programmes; changes in public opinion, perceptions and attitudes toward smoking; and programme impact. Massachusetts has been successful in developing a comprehensive intervention that has had encouraging results in changing public attitudes about smoking and in helping smokers to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Robbins
- Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 250 Washington Street, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02108-4619, USA.
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