1
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Kanemura H, Yokoyama T, Nakajima R, Nakamura A, Kuroda H, Kitamura Y, Shoda H, Mamesaya N, Miyata Y, Okamoto T, Okishio K, Oki M, Sakairi Y, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Aoki T, Ohira T, Matsumoto I, Ueno K, Miyazaki T, Matsuguma H, Yokouchi H, Otani T, Ito A, Sakai K, Chiba Y, Nishio K, Yamamoto N, Okamoto I, Nakagawa K, Takeda M. The Tumor Immune Microenvironment Is Associated With Recurrence in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma. JTO Clin Res Rep 2024; 5:100658. [PMID: 38651033 PMCID: PMC11033192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2024.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC in the perioperative setting on the basis of phase 3 trials. However, the characteristics of such patients who are susceptible to recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy or who are likely to benefit from postoperative immunotherapy have remained unclear. Methods This biomarker study (WJOG12219LTR) was designed to evaluate cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD133), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells, CD8 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor mutation burden in completely resected stage II to IIIA NSCLC with the use of archived DNA and tissue samples from the prospective WJOG4107 trial. Tumors were classified as inflamed or noninflamed on the basis of the PD-L1 tumor proportion score and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density. The association between each potential biomarker and relapse-free survival (RFS) during adjuvant chemotherapy was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results A total of 117 patients were included in this study. The median RFS was not reached (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 22.4 mo-not reached; n = 39) and 23.7 months (95% CI: 14.5-43.6; n = 41) in patients with inflamed or noninflamed adenocarcinoma, respectively (log-rank p = 0.02, hazard ratio of 0.52 [95% CI: 0.29-0.93]). Analysis of the combination of tumor inflammation category and TP53 mutation status revealed that inflamed tumors without TP53 mutations were associated with the longest RFS. Conclusions PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, CD8+ T cell infiltration, and TP53 mutation status may help identify patients with early-stage NSCLC susceptible to recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kanemura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ryu Nakajima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kuroda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyasu Shoda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizen Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mamesaya
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Okamoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Okishio
- Department of Clinical Research Center, NHO Kinki Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Oki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakairi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Aoki
- Department of Chest Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ohira
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Ueno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Matsuguma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Otani
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | | | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
- Department of Cancer Genomics and Medical Oncology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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2
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Jan N, Sofi S, Qayoom H, Haq BU, Shabir A, Mir MA. Targeting breast cancer stem cells through retinoids: A new hope for treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104156. [PMID: 37827439 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and diverse disease accounting for nearly 30% of all cancers diagnosed in females. But unfortunately, patients develop resistance to the existing chemotherapeutic regimen, resulting in approximately 90% treatment failure. With over half a million deaths annually, it is imperative to explore new therapeutic approaches to combat the disease. Within a breast tumor, a small sub-population of heterogeneous cells, with a unique ability of self-renew and differentiation and responsible for tumor formation, initiation, and recurrence are referred to as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). These BCSCs have been identified as one of the main contributors to chemoresistance in breast cancer, making them an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic strategies. These cells exhibit surface biomarkers such as CD44+, CD24-/LOW, ALDH, CD133, and CD49f phenotypes. Higher expression of CD44+ and ALDH activity has been associated with the formation of tumors in various cancers. Moreover, the abnormal regulation of signaling pathways, including Hedgehog, Notch, β-catenin, JAK/STAT, and P13K/AKT/mTOR, leads to the formation of cancer stem cells, resulting in the development of tumors. The growing drug resistance in BC is a significant challenge, highlighting the need for new therapeutic strategies to combat this dreadful disease. Retinoids, a large group of synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, have been studied as chemopreventive agents in clinical trials and have been shown to regulate various crucial biological functions including vision, development, inflammation, and metabolism. On a cellular level, the retinoid activity has been well characterized and translated and is known to induce differentiation and apoptosis, which play important roles in the outcome of the transformation of tissues into malignant. Retinoids have been investigated extensively for their use in the treatment and prevention of cancer due to their high receptor-binding affinity to directly modulate gene expression programs. Therefore, in this study, we aim to summarize the current understanding of BCSCs, their biomarkers, and the associated signaling pathways. Retinoids, such as Adapalene, a third-generation retinoid, have shown promising anti-cancer potential and may serve as therapeutic agents to target BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jan
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Shazia Sofi
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Hina Qayoom
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Burhan Ul Haq
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Aisha Shabir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
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3
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Skurikhin E, Pershina O, Zhukova M, Widera D, Ermakova N, Pan E, Pakhomova A, Morozov S, Kubatiev A, Dygai A. Potential of Stem Cells and CART as a Potential Polytherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:778020. [PMID: 34926461 PMCID: PMC8678572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing urgency of the problem of treating small cell lung cancer (SCLC), information on the causes of its development is fragmentary. There is no complete understanding of the features of antitumor immunity and the role of the microenvironment in the development of SCLC resistance. This impedes the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC. Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have common pathogenetic factors. COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer including SCLC. Therefore, the search for effective approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SCLC in patients with COPD is an urgent task. This review provides information on the etiology and pathogenesis of SCLC, analyses the effectiveness of current treatment options, and critically evaluates the potential of chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy (CART therapy) in SCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential links between lung cancer and COPD and the role of endothelium in the development of COPD. Finally, we propose a new approach for increasing the efficacy of CART therapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- *Correspondence: Evgenii Skurikhin,
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Puthongking P, Chawjarean V, Harikarnpakdee S, Sukprasansap M, Chanvorachote P, Priprem A, Govitrapong P. Melatonin and its derivative disrupt cancer stem-like phenotypes of lung cancer cells via AKT downregulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1712-1723. [PMID: 34396568 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of tumour cells, have properties of self-renewal and multipotency, which drive cancer progression and resistance to current treatments. Compounds potentially targeting CSCs have been recently developed. This study shows how melatonin, an endogenous hormone synthesised by the pineal gland, and its derivative suppress CSC-like phenotypes of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, H460, H23, and A549. The effects of MLT and its derivative, acetyl melatonin (ACT), on CSC-like phenotypes were investigated using assays for anchorage-independent growth, three-dimensional spheroid formation, scratch wound healing ability, and CSC marker and upstream protein signalling expression. Enriched CSC spheroids were used to confirm the effect of both compounds on lung cancer cells. MLT and ACT inhibited CSC-like behaviours by suppression of colony and spheroid formation in NSCLC cell lines. Their effects on spheroid formation were confirmed in CSC-enriched H460 cells. CSC markers, CD133 and ALDH1A1, were depleted by both compounds. The behaviour and factors associated to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as indicated by cell migration and the protein vimentin, were also decreased by MLT and ACT. Mechanistically, MLT and ACT decreased the expression of stemness proteins Oct-4, Nanog, and β-catenin by reducing active AKT (phosphorylated AKT). Suppression of the AKT pathway was not mediated through melatonin receptors. This study demonstrates a novel role, and its underlying mechanism, for MLT and its derivative ACT in suppression of CSC-like phenotypes in NSCLC cells, indicating that they are potential candidates for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Verisa Chawjarean
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saraporn Harikarnpakdee
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Monruedee Sukprasansap
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aroonsri Priprem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
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5
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Everts HB, Akuailou EN. Retinoids in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010153. [PMID: 33466372 PMCID: PMC7824907 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies as early as the 1920s suggested that vitamin A deficiency leads to squamous cell metaplasia in numerous epithelial tissues including the skin. However, humans usually die from vitamin A deficiency before cancers have time to develop. A recent long-term cohort study found that high dietary vitamin A reduced the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). cSCC is a form of nonmelanoma skin cancer that primarily occurs from excess exposure to ultraviolet light B (UVB). These cancers are expensive to treat and can lead to metastasis and death. Oral synthetic retinoids prevent the reoccurrence of cSCC, but side effects limit their use in chemoprevention. Several proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism and signaling are altered in cSCC, which may lead to retinoid resistance. The expression of vitamin A metabolism proteins may also have prognostic value. This article reviews what is known about natural and synthetic retinoids and their metabolism in cSCC.
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6
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Althobiti M, El Ansari R, Aleskandarany M, Joseph C, Toss MS, Green AR, Rakha EA. The prognostic significance of ALDH1A1 expression in early invasive breast cancer. Histopathology 2020; 77:437-448. [PMID: 32369651 DOI: 10.1111/his.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1 (ALDH1A1) is reportedly a key ALDH isozyme linked to the cancer stem cells (CSC) of many solid tumours, where it is involved in self-renewal, differentiation and self-protection. In this study, the prognostic significance of ALDH1A1 expression in early invasive breast cancer (BC) and its role as a BC stem cell (BCSC) were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS ALDH1A1 expression was assessed, using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays, in a large well-characterised BC cohort. ALDH1A1 mRNA expression was also assessed at transcriptomic levels, utilising data from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium. The associations of ALDH1A1 with clinicopathological parameters, other stem cell markers and patient outcomes were determined. ALDH1A1 was expressed in 71% of BC cases at both the protein and mRNA levels. High ALDH1A1 expression was associated with poor prognostic features, including high grade, poor Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), lymph node metastasis and highly proliferative ER+ (luminal B) and triple-negative (TNBC) subtypes. ALDH1A1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of CD44, CD24, TWIST, SOX9, EPCAM and CD133. The high immunoexpression of ALDH1A1 was significantly associated with poor BC-specific survival (P < 0.001), and specifically in the luminal B and TNBC subtypes (P = 0.042 and P = 0.003, respectively). The immunoexpression of ALDH1A1 was an independent predictor of poor prognosis (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS ALDH1A1, as assessed using immunohistochemistry, seems to act as a BCSC marker associated not only with other BCSC markers but also with poor prognostic characteristics and poor outcomes, particularly in the luminal B and TNBC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Althobiti
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK.,The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rokaya El Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK.,The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammed Aleskandarany
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK.,The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK.,The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK.,The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK.,The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK.,The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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Wu JE, Wu YY, Tung CH, Tsai YT, Chen HY, Chen YL, Hong TM. DNA methylation maintains the CLDN1-EPHB6-SLUG axis to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy and inhibit lung cancer progression. Theranostics 2020; 10:8903-8923. [PMID: 32754286 PMCID: PMC7392003 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of cancer-cell junctions and escape from the primary-tumor microenvironment are hallmarks of metastasis. A tight-junction protein, Claudin 1 (CLDN1), is a metastasis suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma. However, as a metastasis suppressor, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CLDN1 has not been well studied. Methods: The signaling pathway regulated by CLDN1 was analyzed by Metacore software and validated by immunoblots. The effect of the CLDN1-EPHB6-ERK-SLUG axis on the formation of cancer stem-like cells, drug resistance and metastasis were evaluated by sphere assay, aldefluor assay, flow cytometry, migration assay, cytotoxicity, soft agar assay, immunoprecipitation assay and xenograft experiments. Furthermore, the methylation-specific PCR, pyrosequencing assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assay were used to study the epigenetic and RUNX3-mediated CLDN1 transcription. Finally, the molecular signatures of RUNX3/CLDN1/SLUG were used to evaluate the correlation with overall survival by using gene expression omnibus (GEO) data. Results: We demonstrated that CLDN1 repressed cancer progression via a feedback loop of the CLDN1-EPHB6-ERK1/2-SLUG axis, which repressed metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stemness, indicating that CLDN1 acts as a metastasis suppressor. CLDN1 upregulated the cellular level of EPHB6 and enhanced its activation, resulting in suppression of ERK1/2 signaling. Interestingly, DNA hypermethylation of the CLDN1 promoter abrogated SLUG-mediated suppression of CLDN1 in low-metastatic cancer cells. In contrast, the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A or vorinostat facilitated CLDN1 expression in high-metastatic cancer cells and thus increased the efficacy of chemotherapy. Combined treatment with cisplatin and trichostatin A or vorinostat had a synergistic effect on cancer-cell death. Conclusions: This study revealed that DNA methylation maintains CLDN1 expression and then represses lung cancer progression via the CLDN1-EPHB6-ERK1/2-SLUG axis. Because CLDN1 enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy, CLDN1 is not only a prognostic marker but a predictive marker for lung adenocarcinoma patients who are good candidates for chemotherapy. Forced CLDN1 expression in low CLDN1-expressing lung adenocarcinoma will increase the chemotherapy response, providing a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-En Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Tung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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8
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Ijsseldijk MA, Shoni M, Siegert C, Wiering B, van Engelenburg AKC, Tsai TC, Ten Broek RPG, Lebenthal A. Oncologic Outcomes of Surgery Versus SBRT for Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Lung Cancer 2020; 22:e235-e292. [PMID: 32912754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment of stage I non-small-cell lung carcinoma is subject to debate. The aim of this study was to compare overall survival and oncologic outcomes of lobar resection (LR), sublobar resection (SR), and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes of propensity matched comparative and noncomparative cohort studies was performed. Outcomes of interest were overall survival and disease-free survival. The inverse variance method and the random-effects method for meta-analysis were utilized to assess the pooled estimates. RESULTS A total of 100 studies with patients treated for clinical stage I non-small-cell lung carcinoma were included. Long-term overall and disease-free survival after LR was superior over SBRT in all comparisons, and for most comparisons, SR was superior to SBRT. Noncomparative studies showed superior long-term overall and disease-free survival for both LR and SR over SBRT. Although the papers were heterogeneous and of low quality, results remained essentially the same throughout a large number of stratifications and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that LR has superior outcomes compared to SBRT for cI non-small-cell lung carcinoma. New trials are underway evaluating long-term results of SBRT in potentially operable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Ijsseldijk
- Division of Surgery, Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, The Netherlands; Division of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Melina Shoni
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Charles Siegert
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Thoracic Surgery, West Roxbury Veterans Administration, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Bastiaan Wiering
- Division of Surgery, Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas C Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Richard P G Ten Broek
- Division of Surgery, Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, The Netherlands; Division of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham Lebenthal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Thoracic Surgery, West Roxbury Veterans Administration, West Roxbury, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Dual disruption of aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 3 promotes functional changes in the glutathione redox system and enhances chemosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2756-2771. [PMID: 32015486 PMCID: PMC7098886 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are multifunctional enzymes that oxidize diverse endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. We conducted a meta-analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus data and detected genetic alterations in ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, or ALDH3A1, 86% of which were gene amplification or mRNA upregulation, in 31% of nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). The expression of these isoenzymes impacted chemoresistance and shortened survival times in patients. We hypothesized that these enzymes provide an oxidative advantage for the persistence of NSCLC. To test this hypothesis, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches with DIMATE, an irreversible inhibitor of ALDH1/3. DIMATE showed cytotoxicity in 73% of NSCLC cell lines tested and demonstrated antitumor activity in orthotopic xenografts via hydroxynonenal-protein adduct accumulation, GSTO1-mediated depletion of glutathione and increased H2O2. Consistent with this result, ALDH1/3 disruption synergized with ROS-inducing agents or glutathione synthesis inhibitors to trigger cell death. In lung cancer xenografts with high to moderate cisplatin resistance, combination treatment with DIMATE promoted strong synergistic responses with tumor regression. These results indicate that NSCLCs with increased expression of ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, or ALDH3A1 may be targeted by strategies involving inhibitors of these isoenzymes as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy to overcome patient-specific drug resistance.
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10
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Masciale V, Grisendi G, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Maiorana A, Sighinolfi P, Stefani A, Morandi U, Dominici M, Aramini B. Isolation and Identification of Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Pilot Study. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1394. [PMID: 31921651 PMCID: PMC6930193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) share many characteristics with normal stem cells, such as self-renewal and multipotentiality. High expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been detected in many tumors, particularly in the CSC compartment, and it plays an important role in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. CD44 is commonly used as a cell surface marker of cancer stem-like cells in epithelial tumors. The aim of this study was to isolate and analyze cancer stem-like cells from surgically removed specimens to compare lung adenocarcinoma (ADENO) and squamous (SQUAMO) cell carcinoma. Methods: The ALDEFLUOR assay was used to identify and sort ALDHhigh and ALDHlow human lung cancer cells following tissue digestion. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis for CD44 was performed with tumor cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess the expression of SOX2 and NANOG as stemness markers. ALDH1A1 expression was additionally determined by immunohistochemistry. Anchorage-independent ALDHhigh cell growth was also evaluated. ALDHhigh ADENO and SQUAMO cells were cultured to analyze spheroid formation. Results: All specimens contained 0.5-12.5% ALDHhigh cells with 3.8-18.9% CD44-positive cells. SOX2 and NANOG relative expression in ALDHhigh compared to ALDHlow cells in ADENO and SQUAMO was analyzed and compared between the histotypes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of ALDH1A1 in the sections. SOX2 and NANOG were expressed at higher levels in the ALDHhigh subpopulation than in the ALDHlow subpopulation only in ADENO cells, and the opposite result was seen in SQUAMO cells. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that ALDHhigh cells exhibited migration capacity with distinct behaviors between ALDHhigh spheres in ADENO vs. SQUAMO samples. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of a better characterization of cancer stem-like cells in ADENO and SQUAMO histotypes. This may suggest new differential approaches for prognostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand SRL, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Center of Medical Statistic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Center of Medical Statistic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pamela Sighinolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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11
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Marini KD, Croucher DR, McCloy RA, Vaghjiani V, Gonzalez-Rajal A, Hastings JF, Chin V, Szczepny A, Kostyrko K, Marquez C, Jayasekara WSN, Alamgeer M, Boolell V, Han JZR, Waugh T, Lee HC, Oakes SR, Kumar B, Harrison CA, Hedger MP, Lorensuhewa N, Kita B, Barrow R, Robinson BW, de Kretser DM, Wu J, Ganju V, Sweet-Cordero EA, Burgess A, Martelotto LG, Rossello FJ, Cain JE, Watkins DN. Inhibition of activin signaling in lung adenocarcinoma increases the therapeutic index of platinum chemotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/451/eaat3504. [PMID: 30045976 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to platinum chemotherapy is a long-standing problem in the management of lung adenocarcinoma. Using a whole-genome synthetic lethal RNA interference screen, we identified activin signaling as a critical mediator of innate platinum resistance. The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily ligands activin A and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) mediated resistance via their cognate receptors through TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), rather than through the SMAD family of transcription factors. Inhibition of activin receptor signaling or blockade of activin A and GDF11 by the endogenous protein follistatin overcame this resistance. Consistent with the role of activin signaling in acute renal injury, both therapeutic interventions attenuated acute cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, its major dose-limiting side effect. This cancer-specific enhancement of platinum-induced cell death has the potential to dramatically improve the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren D Marini
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Rachael A McCloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Vijesh Vaghjiani
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Alvaro Gonzalez-Rajal
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jordan F Hastings
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Venessa Chin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Anette Szczepny
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Kaja Kostyrko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cesar Marquez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Alamgeer
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, East Bentleigh, Victoria 3165, Australia
| | - Vishal Boolell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, East Bentleigh, Victoria 3165, Australia
| | - Jeremy Z R Han
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Todd Waugh
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Hong Ching Lee
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Beena Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Craig A Harrison
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Badia Kita
- Paranta Biosciences Limited, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Ross Barrow
- Paranta Biosciences Limited, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Bruce W Robinson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - David M de Kretser
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Paranta Biosciences Limited, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Vinod Ganju
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Burgess
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, New South Wales 2139, Australia
| | - Luciano G Martelotto
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Center for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - D Neil Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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12
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Samson JM, Ravindran Menon D, Smith DE, Baird E, Kitano T, Gao D, Tan AC, Fujita M. Clinical implications of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 mRNA expression in melanoma subtypes. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108822. [PMID: 31580832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is not only a valuable marker for cancer cells with stem-like features, but also plays a vital role in drug resistance and disease progression in many tumors including melanoma. However, the precise role of ALDH activity in patient prognosis remains unclear. In this study, using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-sequencing expression data, we analyzed gene expression of ALDH isozymes in melanoma tumors to define the expression patterns and the prognostic and predictive values of these enzymes. We found that ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 had both higher and broader expression ranges in melanoma patients, and that ALDH1A3 expression correlated with better overall survival in metastatic melanoma. Further, stratification of the TCGA cohorts by the mutational subtypes of melanoma specifically revealed that expression of ALDH1A3 correlated with better prognosis in metastatic BRAF-mutant melanoma while expression of ALDH1A1 correlated with better prognosis in BRAF wild-type melanoma. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of these cohorts identified upregulation in oxidative phosphorylation, adipogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism signaling in ALDH1Alo patients, suggesting BRAF/MEK inhibitor resistance in that subset of patients. On the other hand, GSEA of ALDH1A3hi cohorts revealed upregulation in glycolysis, hypoxia and angiogenesis, suggesting BRAF/MEK inhibitor sensitivity in that subset of patients. Gene expression analysis using pre-treatment tumor samples supports high ALDH1A3 expression before BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment as predictive of better treatment response in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients. Our study provides evidence that high ALDH1A3 mRNA expression is not only a prognostic marker but also a predictive marker for BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment response in BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Mae Samson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - Derek E Smith
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Erika Baird
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - Takayuki Kitano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States; School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States.
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States; Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, 80220, United States; Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States.
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13
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Fei X, Wang G, Shen H, Gu X. Placenta-specific 8 is a potential novel target for osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:955-961. [PMID: 31289574 PMCID: PMC6540393 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, osimertinib (AZD9291) is the only third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR T790M mutations. However, acquired resistance is an inevitable clinical challenge. Although placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) has been proven to serve an important role in tumor progression and resistance, its effect in AZD9291 resistance in NSCLC remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional role of PLAC8 in AZD9291 resistance in NSCLC. The results revealed that the level of PLAC8 was significantly upregulated in AZD9291-resistant cells compared with that in parent cells. Overexpression of PLAC8 in parent cells markedly decreased drug sensitivity, and enhanced cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. Furthermore, the levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) were observed to be upregulated in resistant cells and PLAC8-overexpressing parent cells, suggesting that ALDH1A1 may be involved in the association between the overexpression of PLAC8 and AZD9291 resistance in NSCLC. Overall, PLAC8 overexpression promoted NSCLC resistance to AZD9291, and PLAC8 may be a potential target for the reversal of AZD9291 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Fei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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14
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Xu Y, Hu J, Zhu Q, Song Q, Mu Y. Co-detection of ALDH1A1, ABCG2, ALCAM and CD133 in three A549 subpopulations at the single cell level by one-step digital RT-PCR. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:364-369. [PMID: 29808880 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) displaying the properties of normal stem cells have become the main culprit associated with cancer transportation and recurrence. As of now, various CSC functions and marker genes have been identified due to the heterogeneity of cancer, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), the second member of the ABC transporter G-subfamily (ABCG2), activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and CD133. To investigate these markers, most conventional approaches are bulk-based strategies, which may veil the disparity of single cells' gene expression. In this study, one-step digital RT-PCR at the single cell level was developed to co-determine the expression of ALDH1A1, ABCG2, ALCAM and CD133 genes in A549 cancer stem cells that perform high ALDH activities (ALDH+ A549 cells), as well as in ALDH- A549 cells and A549 cells, with 36, 20 and 20 cell samples each. The results demonstrated that, when compared to single ALDH- or A549 cells, the majority of single ALDH+ A549 cells displayed a 1.5- and 2.0-fold increase in the gene expression of ALDH1A1 and ALCAM (P < 0.001), respectively. However, for ABCG2 and CD133, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05), which means that they are not appropriate as co-indicated markers to identify ALDH+ A549 cells. Conclusively, as a single cell level approach, one-step digital RT-PCR has potential in exploring efficient co-detection markers for the classification and identification of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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15
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Prognostic impact of microscopic vessel invasion and visceral pleural invasion and their correlations with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness, and treatment failure in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2018; 128:13-19. [PMID: 30642445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microscopic vessel invasion (MVI) and visceral pleural invasion (VPI) have been recently reported as poor prognostic factors of non-small cell lung cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness (CS) are known malignant phenotypes that induce resistance to cancer therapy. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of MVI and the correlations among VPI/MVI, EMT, CS, and treatment failure for recurrent tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2002 to 2013, 1034 consecutive patients with pathological T1-4N0-2M0 lung adenocarcinoma underwent complete resection. Moreover, we established 206 tissue microarray (TMA) samples from 2002 to 2007. We then evaluated the prognostic impact of MVI, including conventional clinicopathological factors, and analyzed the VPI/MVI, EMT, CS, and treatment failure by TMA immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Among the 1034 cases, the proportion of patients with a 5-year overall survival (OS) period was 63.9% and 88.2% (MVI: +/-; p < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that both MVI and VPI were independent predictors of OS (HR 1.57 and 1.47, respectively). Significant separation of the OS rate curves was observed among the 3 groups [VPI/MVI: both positive (2), either positive (1), and both negative (0)]. Among the 206 TMA cases, these 3 groups of VPI/MVI were significantly correlated with EMT and CS. The median time to progression after recurrence were 3.8, 8.9, and 15.9 months, respectively (VPI/MVI: 2/1/0; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION MVI and VPI are significant prognostic factors of lung cancer, and they are correlated with EMT, CS, and treatment failure for recurrent tumor.
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16
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Liou GY. CD133 as a regulator of cancer metastasis through the cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 106:1-7. [PMID: 30399449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are the cancer cells that have abilities to self-renew, differentiate into defined progenies, and initiate and maintain tumor growth. They also contribute to cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, both of which are the major causes of cancer mortality. Among the reported makers of the cancer stem cells, CD133 is the most well-known marker for isolating and studying cancer stem cells in different types of cancer. The CD133high population of cancer cells are not only capable of self-renewal, proliferation, but also highly metastatic and resistant to therapy. Despite very limited information on physiological functions of CD133, many ongoing studies are aimed to reveal the mechanisms that CD133 utilizes to modulate cancer dissemination and drug resistance with a long-term goal for bringing down the number of cancer deaths. In this review, in addition to the regulation of CD133, and its involvement in cancer initiation, and development, the recent updates on how CD133 modulates cancer dissemination, and therapeutic resistance are provided. The key signaling pathways that are upstream or downstream of CD133 during these processes are summarized. A comprehensive understanding of CD133-mediated cancer initiation, development, and dissemination through its pivotal role in cancer stem cells will offer new strategies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geou-Yarh Liou
- Clark Atlanta University, Center for Cancer Research & Therapeutic Development, and Department of Biological Sciences, 223 James P. Brawley Drive SW, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.
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17
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Lung Cancers: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Heterogeneity and Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E248. [PMID: 30060526 PMCID: PMC6116004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes the largest number of cancer-related deaths in the world. Most (85%) of lung cancers are classified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (15%) (SCLC). The 5-year survival rate for NSCLC patients remains very low (about 16% at 5 years). The two predominant NSCLC histological phenotypes are adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (LSQCC). ADCs display several recurrent genetic alterations, including: KRAS, BRAF and EGFR mutations; recurrent mutations and amplifications of several oncogenes, including ERBB2, MET, FGFR1 and FGFR2; fusion oncogenes involving ALK, ROS1, Neuregulin1 (NRG1) and RET. In LSQCC recurrent mutations of TP53, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, DDR2 and genes of the PI3K pathway have been detected, quantitative gene abnormalities of PTEN and CDKN2A. Developments in the characterization of lung cancer molecular abnormalities provided a strong rationale for new therapeutic options and for understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance. However, the complexity of lung cancer genomes is particularly high, as shown by deep-sequencing studies supporting the heterogeneity of lung tumors at cellular level, with sub-clones exhibiting different combinations of mutations. Molecular studies performed on lung tumors during treatment have shown the phenomenon of clonal evolution, thus supporting the occurrence of a temporal tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Wang D, Wen GM, Hou W, Xia P. The roles of CD133 expression in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:385-394. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Gui-Min Wen
- Department of Basic Nursing, College of Nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, and Biological Anthropology Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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19
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Chen E, Zeng Z, Bai B, Zhu J, Song Z. The prognostic value of CSCs biomarker CD133 in NSCLC: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56526-56539. [PMID: 27489355 PMCID: PMC5302932 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker CD133 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis of 32 eligible studies to clarify the prognostic value of CD133 and provide evidence for CSCs hypothesis. We calculated pooled hazard ratio (HR) for survival outcomes and pooled odds ratio (OR) for clinical parameters associated with CD133 in total 3595 NSCLC patients by STATA. Our results showed that NSCLC patients with higher CD133 expression had shorter overall survival time only in Asian patients (HR = 3.80, 95% CI: 3.12-4.04, p < 0.001; I2 = 32%) but not in Caucasian patients (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.88-1.52, p = 0.307; I2 = 0%), suggesting that differential prognostic value of CD133 in distinct ethnic group. We speculated that the intrinsic EGFR gene status of CSCs might be responsible for this racial difference. Additionally, we found that higher expression of CD133 was associated with poor differentiation (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.32-3.14, p = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.62-3.52, p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference of CD133 expression between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.93-1.38, p = 0.3) in NSCLC patients. These results may provide a new therapeutic perspective on the treatment of NSCLC patients according to the expression of CD133 in distinct ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engeng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zhiru Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zhangfa Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China
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20
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Alamgeer M, Neil Watkins D, Banakh I, Kumar B, Gough DJ, Markman B, Ganju V. A phase IIa study of HA-irinotecan, formulation of hyaluronic acid and irinotecan targeting CD44 in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2017; 36:288-298. [PMID: 29277856 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) have shown that hyaluronic acid (HA) can be effectively used to deliver chemotherapy and selectively decrease CD44 expressing (stem cell-like) tumour cells. The current study aimed to replicate these findings and obtain data on safety and activity of HA-irinotecan (HA-IR). Eligible patients with extensive stage SCLC were consented. A safety cohort (n = 5) was treated with HA-IR and Carboplatin (C). Subsequently, the patients were randomised 1:1 to receive experimental (HA-IR + C) or standard (IR + C) treatment, to a maximum of 6 cycles. The second line patients were added to the study and treated with open label HA-IR + C. Tumour response was measured after every 2 cycles. Baseline tumour specimens were stained for CD44s and CD44v6 expression. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) were enumerated before each treatment cycle. Out of 39 patients screened, 34 were evaluable for the study. The median age was 66 (range 39-83). The overall response rates were 69% and 75% for experimental and standard arms respectively. Median progression free survival was 42 and 28 weeks, respectively (p = 0.892). The treatments were well tolerated. The incidence of grade III/IV diarrhea was more common in the standard arm, while anaemia was more common in the experimental arm. IHC analysis suggested that the patients with CD44s positive tumours may gain survival benefit from HA-IR. HA-IR is well tolerated and active in ES-SCLC. The effect of HA-IR on CD44s + cancer stem-like cells provide an early hint towards a potential novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alamgeer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - D Neil Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ilia Banakh
- Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Beena Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Ben Markman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Vinod Ganju
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Peninsula and Southeast Oncology, Level 3 Frankston Private, 24-28 Frankston Flinders Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
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21
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Tomita H, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Hara A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 in stem cells and cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11018-32. [PMID: 26783961 PMCID: PMC4905455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains 19 putatively functional aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes, which encode enzymes critical for detoxification of endogenous and exogenous aldehyde substrates through NAD(P)+-dependent oxidation. ALDH1 has three main isotypes, ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3, and is a marker of normal tissue stem cells (SC) and cancer stem cells (CSC), where it is involved in self-renewal, differentiation and self-protection. Experiments with murine and human cells indicate that ALDH1 activity, predominantly attributed to isotype ALDH1A1, is tissue- and cancer-specific. High ALDH1 activity and ALDH1A1 overexpression are associated with poor cancer prognosis, though high ALDH1 and ALDH1A1 levels do not always correlate with highly malignant phenotypes and poor clinical outcome. In cancer therapy, ALDH1A1 provides a useful therapeutic CSC target in tissue types that normally do not express high levels of ALDH1A1, including breast, lung, esophagus, colon and stomach. Here we review the functions and mechanisms of ALDH1A1, the key ALDH isozyme linked to SC populations and an important contributor to CSC function in cancers, and we outline its potential in future anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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22
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Tung J, Huang W, Yang J, Chen G, Fan C, Chien Y, Lin P, Candice Lung S, Chang W. Auramine O, an incense smoke ingredient, promotes lung cancer malignancy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2379-2391. [PMID: 28722353 PMCID: PMC5655719 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Burning incense to worship deities is a popular religious ritual in large parts of Asia, and is a popular custom affecting more than 1.5 billion adherents. Due to incomplete combustion, burning incense has been well recognized to generate airborne hazards to human health. However, the correlation between burning incense and lung cancer in epidemiological studies remains controversy. Therefore, we speculated that some unknown materials in incense smoke are involved in the initiation or progression of lung cancer. Based on this hypothesis, we identified a major compound auramine O (AuO) from the water-soluble fraction of incense burned condensate using mass spectrometry. AuO is commonly used in incense manufacture as a colorant. Due to thermostable, AuO released from burned incenses becomes an unexpected air pollutant. AuO is classified as a Group 2B chemical by the International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC), however, the damage of AuO to the respiratory system remains elusive. Our study revealed that AuO has no apparent effect on malignant transformation; but, it dramatically promotes lung cancer malignancy. AuO accumulates in the nucleus and induces the autophagy activity in lung tumor cells. AuO significantly enhances migration and invasive abilities and the in vitro and in vivo stemness features of lung tumor cells through activating the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1 (ALDH1A1), and ALDH1A1 knockdown attenuates AuO-induced autophagy activity and blocks AuO-induced lung tumor malignancy. In conclusion, we found that AuO, an ingredient of incense smoke, significantly increases the metastatic abilities and stemness characters of lung tumor cells through the activation of ALDH1A1, which is known to be associated with poor outcome and progression of lung cancer. For public health, reducing or avoiding the use of AuO in incense is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Chen Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of BiotechnologyAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Juan‐Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Guan‐Yu Chen
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Chen Fan
- Department of Superintendent OfficeMackay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyYuanpei UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chuan Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Shan Lin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Wei‐Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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23
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Huang Z, Yu H, Zhang J, Jing H, Zhu W, Li X, Kong L, Xing L, Yu J, Meng X. Correlation of cancer stem cell markers and immune cell markers in resected non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:3190-3197. [PMID: 29158791 PMCID: PMC5665035 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies confirmed that immunotherapy showed prominent efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer stem cells/cancer initiating cells are resistant to anticancer treatment. The purpose of the study was to analyze the correlation of cancer stem cells/cancer initiating cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in NSCLC. Methods: CD133, octamer 4 (OCT-4), CD8, CD56, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were assessed in 172 resected NSCLC samples. The staining was analyzed and scored by the pathologist who was blinded to the clinical pathological data of the patients. Results: High CD8+ T cell infiltration was correlated significantly with squamous cell carcinoma histology (p=0.008). High PD-L1 expression (≥10%) was associated with high tumor status (p=0.043). Pearson's correlation test showed that CD56+ cells were negatively correlated with CD133 expression (r=-0.361, p<0.001) and weakly correlated with negative OCT-4 expression (r=-0.180, p=0.018). There was a strong positive correlation between CD8 and HLA class I (r=0.573, p<0.001). In the survival analysis, high CD8+ T cell infiltration is an independent predictor of improved disease-free survival and overall survival. Patients with low CD133 expression and high CD56 expression had a longer overall survival than those with high CD133 expression and/or low CD56 expression (p=0.013). Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between CD56+ cells and cancer stem cell markers. This correlation may confirm the possibility that natural killer cells can target CD133+ cancer stem cells/cancer initiating cells in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanqi Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
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24
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Pisanu ME, Noto A, De Vitis C, Morrone S, Scognamiglio G, Botti G, Venuta F, Diso D, Jakopin Z, Padula F, Ricci A, Mariotta S, Giovagnoli MR, Giarnieri E, Amelio I, Agostini M, Melino G, Ciliberto G, Mancini R. Blockade of Stearoyl-CoA-desaturase 1 activity reverts resistance to cisplatin in lung cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 406:93-104. [PMID: 28797843 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poor prognosis in lung cancer has been attributed to the presence of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) which resist chemotherapy and cause disease recurrence. Hence, the strong need to identify mechanisms of chemoresistance and to develop new combination therapies. We have previously shown that Stearoyl-CoA-desaturase 1 (SCD1), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids is upregulated in 3D lung cancer spheroids and is an upstream activator of key proliferation pathways β-catenin and YAP/TAZ. Here we first show that SCD1 expression, either alone or in combination with a variety of CSCs markers, correlates with poor prognosis in adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the lung. Treatment of lung ADC cell cultures with cisplatin enhances the formation of larger 3D tumor spheroids and upregulates CSCs markers. In contrast, co-treatment with cisplatin and the SCD1 inhibitor MF-438 reverts upregulation of CSCs markers, strongly synergizes in the inhibition of 3D spheroids formation and induces CSCs apoptosis. Mechanistically, SCD1 inhibition activates endoplasmic reticulum stress response and enhances autophagy. These data all together support the use of combination therapy with SCD1 inhibitors to achieve better control of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Pisanu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Noto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia De Vitis
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Morrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione "G. Pascale" - IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Director Dept. Pathology National Cancer Institute, Fondazione "G. Pascale" - IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Venuta
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Organ Transplantation "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Diso
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Organ Transplantation "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ziga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fabrizio Padula
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mariotta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Giarnieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, LE1 9HN Leicester, UK
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, LE1 9HN Leicester, UK; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, LE1 9HN Leicester, UK; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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25
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Ninsontia C, Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Kiratipaiboon C, Chanvorachote P. Zinc suppresses stem cell properties of lung cancer cells through protein kinase C-mediated β-catenin degradation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C487-C499. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00173.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) residing in most cancers are responsible for cancer progression and treatment failure. Zinc is an element regulator of several cell functions; however, its role in regulation of stem cell program in lung cancer has not been demonstrated. The present study reveals for the first time that zinc can suppress stem cell properties of lung cancer cells. Such findings were proved in different lung cancer cell lines (H460, H23, and H292) and it was found that CSC markers (CD133 and ALDH1A1), stem cell-associated transcription factors (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox-2), and the ability to form tumor spheroid were dramatically suppressed by zinc treatments. Zinc was found to activate protein kinase C-α (PKCα) that further phosphorylated and mediated β-catenin degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. Zinc was found to increase the β-catenin-ubiquitin complex, which can be inhibited by a specific PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I. Using specific reactive oxygen species detection and antioxidants, we have demonstrated that superoxide anions generated by zinc are a key upstream mechanism for PKCα activation leading to the subsequent suppression of stem cell features of lung cancer. Zinc increased cellular superoxide anions and the addition of superoxide anion scavenger prevented the activation of PKCα and β-catenin degradation. These findings indicate a novel role for zinc regulation in the PKCα/β-catenin pathway and explain an important mechanism for controlling of stem cell program in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpit Ninsontia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; and
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayanin Kiratipaiboon
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; and
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Deng M, Li J, Gan Y, Chen P. [Advances in Classification and Research Methods of Lung Epithelial Stem
and Progenitor Cells]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:130-137. [PMID: 28228225 PMCID: PMC5972970 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
分离和鉴定肺上皮干/祖细胞,深入了解他们在肺脏生理病理条件下的具体作用机理,对于防治包括肺癌在内的肺脏疾病有重要意义。本综述介绍了已鉴定的肺上皮干/祖细胞种类和肺上皮干/祖细胞研究方法的最新进展,前者具有区域特异性,主要包括位近端气道的基底细胞和导管细胞,位细支气管的Clara细胞、变异Clara细胞、细支气管肺泡干细胞和诱导出的krt5+细胞及位肺泡的Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞和Ⅱ型肺泡上皮祖细胞;后者主要包括肺损伤模型、谱系示踪技术、三维培养技术、移植、慢性标记细胞法及单细胞转录组学分析等。最后简述了肺上皮干/祖细胞与肺癌的关系以及肺癌干细胞靶向药物治疗进展。
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China;Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ye Gan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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27
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Wei Y, Wu S, Xu W, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhao W, Wu J. Depleted aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) reverses cisplatin resistance of human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549/DDP. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:26-32. [PMID: 27813328 PMCID: PMC5217899 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is the standard first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to chemotherapy has been a major obstacle in the management of NSCLC. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) overexpression has been observed in a variety of cancers, including lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ALDH1A1 expression on cisplatin resistance and explore the mechanism responsible. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-PCR was applied to measure the messenger RNA expression of ALDH1A1, while Western blot assay was employed to evaluate the protein expression of ALDH1A1, B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-2-like protein 4, phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT) and AKT. A short hairpin RNA was used to knockdown ALDH1A1 expression. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to determine the effect of ALDH1A1 decrease on cell viability. The cell apoptotic rate was tested using flow cytometry assay. RESULTS ALDH1A1 is overexpressed in cisplatin resistant cell line A549/DDP, compared with A549. ALDH1A1 depletion significantly decreased A549/DDP proliferation, increased apoptosis, and reduced cisplatin resistance. In addition, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) / AKT pathway is activated in A549/DDP, and ALDH1A1 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT. Moreover, the combination of ALDH1A1-short hairpin RNA and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 markedly inhibited cell viability, enhanced apoptotic cell death, and increased cisplatin sensitivity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ALDH1A1 depletion could reverse cisplatin resistance in human lung cancer cell line A549/DDP, and may act as a potential target for the treatment of lung cancers resistant to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Wei
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yue Li
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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28
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Roy S, Lu K, Nayak MK, Bhuniya A, Ghosh T, Kundu S, Ghosh S, Baral R, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Activation of D2 Dopamine Receptors in CD133+ve Cancer Stem Cells in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Inhibits Proliferation, Clonogenic Ability, and Invasiveness of These Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:435-445. [PMID: 27920206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and among this cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) comprises the majority of cases. Furthermore, recurrence and metastasis of NSCLC correlate well with CD133+ve tumor cells, a small population of tumor cells that have been designated as cancer stem cells (CSC). We have demonstrated for the first time high expression of D2 dopamine (DA) receptors in CD133+ve adenocarcinoma NSCLC cells. Also, activation of D2 DA receptors in these cells significantly inhibited their proliferation, clonogenic ability, and invasiveness by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and AKT, as well as down-regulation of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) expression and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion by these cells. These results are of significance as D2 DA agonists that are already in clinical use for treatment of other diseases may be useful in combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy for better management of NSCLC patients by targeting both tumor cells and stem cell compartments in the tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Roy
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Kai Lu
- the Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Mukti Kant Nayak
- the Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Avishek Bhuniya
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Tithi Ghosh
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- the Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India, and
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Dasgupta
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India,
| | - Sujit Basu
- the Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, .,the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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29
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Orue A, Chavez V, Strasberg-Rieber M, Rieber M. Hypoxic resistance of KRAS mutant tumor cells to 3-Bromopyruvate is counteracted by Prima-1 and reversed by N-acetylcysteine. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:902. [PMID: 27863474 PMCID: PMC5116131 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) is a promising anti-cancer alkylating agent, shown to inhibit growth of some colorectal carcinoma with KRAS mutation. Recently, we demonstrated increased resistance to 3-BrPA in wt p53 tumor cells compared to those with p53 silencing or mutation. Since hypoxic microenvironments select for tumor cells with diminished therapeutic response, we investigated whether hypoxia unequally increases resistance to 3-BrPA in wt p53 MelJuso melanoma harbouring (Q61L)-mutant NRAS and wt BRAF, C8161 melanoma with (G12D)-mutant KRAS (G464E)-mutant BRAF, and A549 lung carcinoma with a KRAS (G12S)-mutation. Since hypoxia increases the toxicity of the p53 activator, Prima-1 against breast cancer cells irrespective of their p53 status, we also investigated whether Prima-1 reversed hypoxic resistance to 3-BrPA. Results In contrast to the high susceptibility of hypoxic mutant NRAS MelJuso cells to 3-BrPA or Prima-1, KRAS mutant C8161 and A549 cells revealed hypoxic resistance to 3-BrPA counteracted by Prima-1. In A549 cells, Prima-1 increased p21CDKN1mRNA, and reciprocally inhibited mRNA expression of the SLC2A1-GLUT1 glucose transporter-1 and ALDH1A1, gene linked to detoxification and stem cell properties. 3-BrPA lowered CAIX and VEGF mRNA expression. Death from joint Prima-1 and 3-BrPA treatment in KRAS mutant A549 and C8161 cells seemed mediated by potentiating oxidative stress, since it was antagonized by the anti-oxidant and glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine. Conclusions This report is the first to show that Prima-1 kills hypoxic wt p53 KRAS-mutant cells resistant to 3-BrPA, partly by decreasing GLUT-1 expression and exacerbating pro-oxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orue
- IVIC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Valery Chavez
- IVIC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | | | - Manuel Rieber
- IVIC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela.
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Kulsum S, Sudheendra HV, Pandian R, Ravindra DR, Siddappa G, R N, Chevour P, Ramachandran B, Sagar M, Jayaprakash A, Mehta A, Kekatpure V, Hedne N, Kuriakose MA, Suresh A. Cancer stem cell mediated acquired chemoresistance in head and neck cancer can be abrogated by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 inhibition. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:694-711. [PMID: 27380877 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance leading to disease relapse is one of the major challenges to improve outcome in head and neck cancers. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are increasingly being implicated in chemotherapy resistance, this study investigates the correlation between CSC behavior and acquired drug resistance in in vitro cell line models. Cell lines resistant to Cisplatin (Cal-27 CisR, Hep-2 CisR) and 5FU (Cal-27 5FUR) with high Resistance Indices (RI) were generated (RI ≥ 3) by short-term treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines with chemotherapeutic drugs (Cisplatin, Docetaxel, 5FU), using a dose-incremental strategy. The cell lines (Cal-27 DoxR, Hep-2 DoxR, Hep-2 5FUR) that showed low RI, nevertheless had a high cross resistance to Cisplatin/5FU (P < 0.05). Cal-27 CisR and DoxR showed 12-14% enrichment of CD44+ cells, while CisR/5FUR showed 4-6% increase in ALDH1A1+ cells as compared to parental cells (P < 0.05). Increased expression of stem cell markers (CD44, CD133, NOTCH1, ALDH1A1, OCT4, SOX2) in these cell lines, correlated with enhanced spheroid/colony formation, migratory potential, and increased in vivo tumor burden (P < 0.05). Inhibition of ALDH1A1 in Cal-27 CisR led to down regulation of the CSC markers, reduction in migratory, self-renewal and tumorigenic potential (P < 0.05) accompanied by an induction of sensitivity to Cisplatin (P < 0.05). Further, ex vivo treatment of explants (n = 4) from HNSCC patients with the inhibitor (NCT-501) in combination with Cisplatin showed a significant decrease in proliferating cells as compared to individual treatment (P = 0.001). This study hence suggests an ALDH1A1-driven, CSC-mediated mechanism in acquired drug resistance of HNSCC, which may have therapeutic implications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safeena Kulsum
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Holalugunda Vittalamurthy Sudheendra
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramanan Pandian
- GROW Laboratory; Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Gangotri Siddappa
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nisheena R
- Department of Pathology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Chevour
- GROW Laboratory; Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Oncology, Syngene International Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Milind Sagar
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Oncology, Syngene International Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | - Alka Mehta
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikram Kekatpure
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Hedne
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Moni A Kuriakose
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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31
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Tanaka K, Tomita H, Hisamatsu K, Nakashima T, Hatano Y, Sasaki Y, Osada S, Tanaka T, Miyazaki T, Yoshida K, Hara A. ALDH1A1-overexpressing cells are differentiated cells but not cancer stem or progenitor cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24722-32. [PMID: 26160842 PMCID: PMC4694791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is considered to be a cancer stem cell marker in several human malignancies. However, the role of ALDH1A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ALDH1A1 and clinicopathological findings and examined whether ALDH1A1 deserves to be a cancer stem cell marker in HCC. Sixty HCC samples obtained from surgical resection were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Of these 60 samples, 47 samples of HCC tumorous and non-tumorous tissues were evaluated with qRT-PCR. There was no significant difference in the ALDH1A1-mRNA level between tumorous and non-tumorous tissues. Tumorous ALDH1A1-mRNA level had no relationship with the clinicopathological features. Immunoreactivity of ALDH1A1 was classified into two groups based on the percentage of ALDH1A1-overexpressing cells. The ALDH1A1-high group was significantly associated with low serum levels of α-fetoprotein, small tumor diameter, very little lymphovascular invasion, more differentiated pathology and good stage. The ALDH1A1-high group showed more favorable prognosis for recurrence-free survival. In double-staining IHC, ALDH1A1 was not co-expressed with BMI1, EpCAM, CD13, CD24, CD90 and CD133, which reported as cancer stem cell markers in HCC. In conclusion, ALDH1A1-overexpressing cells could appear to be differentiated cells rather than cancer stem cells in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tanaka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Hisamatsu
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakashima
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Osada
- Department of Multidisciplinary Therapy for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Cancer, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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32
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Aldehyde dehyderogenase (ALDH1A1) delineating the normal and cancer stem cells in spectral lung lesions: An immunohistochemical appraisal. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:398-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Sowa T, Menju T, Sonobe M, Nakanishi T, Shikuma K, Imamura N, Motoyama H, Hijiya K, Aoyama A, Chen F, Sato T, Kobayashi M, Yoshizawa A, Haga H, Sozu T, Date H. Association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness and their effect on the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1853-62. [PMID: 26471868 PMCID: PMC5123719 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness (CS) are reported to be pivotal phenomena involved in metastasis, recurrence, and drug-resistance in lung cancer; however, their effects on tumor malignancy in clinical settings are not completely understood. The mutual association between these factors also remains elusive and are worthy of investigation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association between EMT and CS, and their effect on the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 239 lung adenocarcinoma specimens were collected from patients who had undergone surgery at Kyoto University Hospital from January 2001 to December 2007. Both EMT (E-cadherin,vimentin) and CS (CD133, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase) markers were analyzed through immunostaining of tumor specimens. The association between EMT and CS as well as the patients' clinical information was integrated and statistically analyzed. The molecular expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, and CD133 were significantly correlated with prognosis (P = 0.003, P = 0.005, and P < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between E-cadherin and vimentin expression (P < 0.001), whereas, a positive correlation was found between vimentin and CD133 expression (P = 0.020). CD133 was a stronger prognostic factor than an EMT marker. Elevated CD133 expression is the signature marker of EMT and CS association in lung adenocarcinoma. EMT and CS are associated in lung adenocarcinoma. Importantly, CD133 is suggested to be the key factor that links EMT and CS, thereby exacerbating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Sowa
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Makoto Sonobe
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takao Nakanishi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kei Shikuma
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Naoto Imamura
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hideki Motoyama
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kyoko Hijiya
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akihiro Aoyama
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Fengshi Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Toshihiko Sato
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masashi Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Takashi Sozu
- Department of Management ScienceFaculty of EngineeringTokyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Yin H, Deng J. [Advances in Lung Stem Cells and Lung Cancer Stem Cells]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:633-9. [PMID: 26483336 PMCID: PMC6000086 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.10.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
癌干细胞是目前癌症研究的热点之一。肺癌干细胞与正常肺干细胞有许多共同之处, 包括自我更新能力和多分化潜能。许多癌干细胞分子标志为肺癌干细胞所共有, 如CD133、CD44、乙醛脱氢酶(aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH)以及ATP结合转运蛋白G超家族成员2(ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2, ABCG2)。肺癌干细胞的扩增与作用不仅受胚胎干细胞途径如Notch、Hedgehog和Wnt调控, 也受肿瘤信号途径如表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)、信号传导转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3)和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, PI3K)等的调控。由于癌干细胞在肿瘤复发、转移和耐药性等方面发挥着重要作用, 揭示肺癌干细胞与正常干细胞的区别, 鉴定并靶向癌干细胞特异性表面标志物及其介导的信号通路, 将有望改善肺癌治疗效果和提高患者生存率。
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Jiong Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education;Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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35
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Comparative proteome analysis across non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. J Proteomics 2015; 130:1-10. [PMID: 26361996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines are widely used model systems to study molecular aspects of lung cancer. Comparative and in-depth proteome expression data across many NSCLC cell lines has not been generated yet, but would be of utility for the investigation of candidate targets and markers in oncogenesis. We employed a SILAC reference approach to perform replicate proteome quantifications across 23 distinct NSCLC cell lines. On average, close to 4000 distinct proteins were identified and quantified per cell line. These included many known targets and diagnostic markers, indicating that our proteome expression data represents a useful resource for NSCLC pre-clinical research. To assess proteome diversity within the NSCLC cell line panel, we performed hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of proteome expression data. Our results indicate that general proteome diversity among NSCLC cell lines supersedes potential effects common to K-Ras or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) oncoprotein expression. However, we observed partial segregation of EGFR or KRAS mutant cell lines for certain principal components, which reflected biological differences according to gene ontology enrichment analyses. Moreover, statistical analysis revealed several proteins that were significantly overexpressed in KRAS or EGFR mutant cell lines.
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36
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Sung WJ, Park KS, Kwak SG, Hyun DS, Jang JS, Park KK. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in patients of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: correlation with cancer stem cell markers and prognosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:8997-9009. [PMID: 26464642 PMCID: PMC4583874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type of non-small cell lung carcinomas. The existence of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human tissue is controversy. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and clinical significance of CSCs and EMT markers and evaluate the correlation between the two in lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 97 cases comprise the tissue microarray from surgical resection for primary lung adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry for ALDH1 and CD44 as CSC markers and E-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, SMA as EMT markers was performed. High ALDH1A1 expression was statistically associated with female gender (P=0.001), smoker (P=0.012), and high pT stages (P=0.046). High CD44 expression was statistically associated with female gender (P=0.008), non-smoker (P=0.000), and no pleural invasion (P=0.039). High expression of ALDH1 was associated with good overall survival (P=0.021). High expression of CD44 was correlated with both good overall survival (P=0.024) and disease-free survival (P=0.000). Vimentin expression was associated with pT stage (P=0.001) and pleural invasion (P=0.028). E-cadherin, fibronectin and SMA were not associated with clinicopathologic correlation and all EMT markers were not correlated with survival of lung adenocarcinoma. CSC markers expression was not related to EMT. Our results showed that the expression of CSCs was associated with a good prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. The prognostic significance of EMT markers was skeptical in this study. There is a need for more research about CSC, EMT, and the relation between these two in human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Sung
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu College of MedicineDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sung Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu College of MedicineDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, Catholic University of Daegu College of MedicineDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu College of MedicineDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seok Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu College of MedicineDaegu, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Ju X, Lan J, Zou H, Li S, Qi Y, Jia W, Hu J, Liang W, Zhang W, Pang L, Li F. Clinicopathological significance of ALDH1A1 in lung, colorectal, and breast cancers: a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2015; 9:777-90. [PMID: 26230297 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) is a putative cancer stem cell marker. This meta-analysis evaluated ALDH1A1 expression's clinicopathological associations with lung cancer (LC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). MATERIALS & METHODS Publications were retrieved from various databases and assessed for relevance and quality. Relationships between ALDH1A1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated using Review Manager 5.2 software. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies were included (6057 patients). ALDH1A1 expression was significantly associated with the presence of LC; lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and differentiation in LC and BC; and molecular subtype in BC (p < 0.05). There were no significant association with BC tumor size and CRC. CONCLUSION ALDH1A1 may be a stem cell marker in LC and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yixun Wang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Ju
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lan
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Liang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Singh S, Arcaroli J, Chen Y, Thompson DC, Messersmith W, Jimeno A, Vasiliou V. ALDH1B1 Is Crucial for Colon Tumorigenesis by Modulating Wnt/β-Catenin, Notch and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121648. [PMID: 25950950 PMCID: PMC4423958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the normal human colon, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) is expressed only at the crypt base, along with stem cells. It is also highly expressed in the human colonic adenocarcinomas. This pattern of expression corresponds closely to that observed for Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. The present study examines the role of ALDH1B1 in colon tumorigenesis and signalling pathways mediating its effects. In a 3-dimensional spheroid growth model and a nude mouse xenograft tumor model, shRNA-induced suppression of ALDH1B1 expression decreased the number and size of spheroids formed in vitro and the size of xenograft tumors formed in vivo by SW 480 cells. Six binding elements for Wnt/β-catenin signalling transcription factor binding elements (T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancing factor) were identified in the human ALDH1B1 gene promoter (3 kb) but shown by dual luciferase reporter assay to not be necessary for ALDH1B1 mRNA expression in colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. We examined Wnt-reporter activity and protein/mRNA expression for Wnt, Notch and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and PI3K/Akt-signaling pathways were down-regulated in SW 480 cells in which ALDH1B1 expression had been suppressed. In summary, our data demonstrate that ALDH1B1 may promote colon cancer tumorigenesis by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Selective targeting of ALDH1B1 may represent a novel means to prevent or treat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John Arcaroli
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Wells Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gao F, Zhou B, Xu JC, Gao X, Li SX, Zhu GC, Zhang XG, Yang C. The role of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 in non-small cell lung cancer: Cancer progression and prognosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:91-8. [PMID: 25881507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), may be a candidate marker of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with stem cell-like properties. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is one of NSCLC stem cell markers. To identify the relationship of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 in NSCLC, we analyzed the expression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 in NSCLC samples, and determined their clinical significance. We performed quantitative RT-PCR for LGR5 and ALDH1A1 expression in 24 NSCLC patients, and showed that LGR5 and ALDH1A1 mRNA were frequently increased in NSCLC tissues in comparison to that in adjacent normal tissues (p = 0.0005 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Besides, the expression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 mRNA has a significant correlation (r = 0.416, P = 0.0483). The expression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 in 109 NSCLC tumors and 50 adjacent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Positive LGR5 and ALDH1A1 expression was defined in 28.4% and 41.3% of the NSCLC tumors, respectively. Further analysis indicated that 24 of these LGR5⁺ (24/31) samples expressed ALDH1A1(r = 0.3883, p < 0.0001), we also found co-localization of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 in tumor tissue samples. LGR5 and ALDH1A1 expression was significantly associated with higher pathological TNM stage of the disease (stage I + II and III + IV) (P = 0.0311 and p = 0.0221, respectively), the co-expression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 was associated with nodal status (p = 0.0424). High expression of LGR5 or ALDH1A1 was related to poor prognosis (P = 0.0125 and p = 0.0410, respectively), and NSCLC patients with co-expression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 had a poorer prognosis than the others (P = 0.0011). Both of them can be an independent risk factor of a poorer prognosis (P = 0.016 and P = 0.024, respectively). The expression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 were closely associated with the tumorigenicity, metastasis and poor prognosis of NSCLC, and LGR5⁺ cells in NSCLC were likely to be the cancer cells with stem cell-like properties due to the significant correlation between LGR5 and ALDH1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Immunology of Jiangsu Province, The First Affiliated of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215007, PR China
| | - Jun-Chi Xu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, 1 Xier Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shu-Xiang Li
- Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Geng-Chao Zhu
- Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xue Guang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology of Jiangsu Province, The First Affiliated of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215007, PR China
| | - Chen Yang
- Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Wei D, Peng JJ, Gao H, Zhang T, Tan Y, Hu YH. ALDH1 Expression and the Prognosis of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2015; 24:780-8. [PMID: 25921687 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) has been identified as a putative cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in lung cancer. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of this protein in lung cancer patients remains controversial. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the clinical and prognostic significance of ALDH1 expression in lung cancer. METHODS An identification and review of publications assessing clinical or prognostic significance of ALDH1 expression in lung cancer until September 1, 2014 was undertaken. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between ALDH1 expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 14 publications met the criteria and comprised 1926 cases. Analysis of these data showed that ALDH1 expression was not significantly associated with the patient age (OR = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.50, P=0.52), tumour size (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.22-2.06, P=0.49), smoking status (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.85-2.22, P=0.19), or tumour grade (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 0.83-3.26, P=0.15). However, in the identified studies, ALDH1 expression was highly correlated with lymph node metastasis (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.16-3.34, P=0.01), tumour TNM staging (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.28-2.22, P=0.0002), decreased overall survival (relative risk [RR]: 1.97,95% CI: 1.16-3.34, P =0.01) and decreased disease free survival (RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.64, P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows ALDH1 expression in lung cancer is connected with decreased overall and disease free survival and thus marks a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Peng
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yong-He Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China.
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Huo W, Du M, Pan X, Zhu X, Li Z. Prognostic value of ALDH1 expression in lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:2045-2051. [PMID: 25932135 PMCID: PMC4402782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ALDH1 has recently been reported as a marker of cancer stem-like cells in lung cancer. However, the predictive value of ALDH1 in lung cancer remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of ALDH1 expression with the clinicopathological features and outcomes of lung cancer patients through a meta-analysis. METHODS Publications that assessed the clinical or prognostic significance of ALDH1 in lung cancer up to October 2014 were identified. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between ALDH1 expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Ten eligible publications with 1836 patients were included. The analysis of these data showed that ALDH1 expression was highly correlated with lymph node metastasis (pooled OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04-2.02, P = 0.027), decreased overall survival (pooled RR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.15-4.41, P = 0.019), and decreased disease-free survival (pooled RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.64, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION Patients with ALDH1-positive lung cancer had poor prognosis, which was associated with common clinicopathological poor prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyan Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Zhan J, Wang P, Niu M, Wang Y, Zhu X, Guo Y, Zhang H. High expression of transcriptional factor HoxB9 predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2015; 66:955-65. [PMID: 25324169 DOI: 10.1111/his.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS HoxB9, as a Hox family member, is known to play important roles in embryonic development. Recent studies showed that HoxB9 is engaged in cancer progression. However, the role of Hoxb9 in lung adenocarcinoma is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression and prognostic value of HoxB9 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS The localization and expression of HoxB9 in lung adenocarcinoma were examined by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between HoxB9 expression levels with patient survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and migratory ability were evaluated in HoxB9 up- and down-regulated H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells. HoxB9 was found to be localized predominantly in the cell nuclei and expressed in 21.3% of lung adenocarcinomas. A significant increase in HoxB9 intensity in the high stage of lung adenocarcinoma was observed (P < 0.01). Increased expression of HoxB9 was related to T classification, more lymph node metastasis and a shorter patient overall survival (P < 0.05). However, the expression level of HoxB9 was not correlated with age and gender. Functionally, HoxB9 up-regulated EMT-related molecules and promoted cell migration in H1299 cells. CONCLUSION High expression of HoxB9 is a prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sino-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
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Lindskog C, Edlund K, Mattsson JSM, Micke P. Immunohistochemistry-based prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC: novel findings on the road to clinical use? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:471-90. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Singh S, Chellappan S. Lung cancer stem cells: Molecular features and therapeutic targets. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 39:50-60. [PMID: 24016594 PMCID: PMC3949216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancers are highly heterogeneous and resistant to available therapeutic agents, with a five year survival rate of less than 15%. Despite significant advances in our knowledge of the genetic alterations and aberrations in signaling pathways, it has been difficult to determine the basis of lung cancer heterogeneity and drug resistance. Cancer stem cell model has attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years as a viable explanation for the heterogeneity, drug resistance, dormancy and recurrence and metastasis of various tumors. At the same time, cancer stem cells have been relatively less characterized in lung cancers. This review summarizes the current understanding of lung cancer stem cells, including their molecular features and signaling pathways that drive their stemness. This review also discusses the potential startegies to inhibit the signaling pathways driving stemness, in an effort to eradicate these cells to combat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG), TB Hospital Building, 2nd floor, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Srikumar Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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Leong TL, Marini KD, Rossello FJ, Jayasekara SN, Russell PA, Prodanovic Z, Kumar B, Ganju V, Alamgeer M, Irving LB, Steinfort DP, Peacock CD, Cain JE, Szczepny A, Watkins DN. Genomic characterisation of small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts generated from endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration specimens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106862. [PMID: 25191746 PMCID: PMC4156408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models generated from surgical specimens are gaining popularity as preclinical models of cancer. However, establishment of PDX lines from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients is difficult due to very limited amount of available biopsy material. We asked whether SCLC cells obtained from endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) could generate PDX lines that maintained the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the primary tumor. Following successful EBUS-TBNA sampling for diagnostic purposes, we obtained an extra sample for cytologic analysis and implantation into the flanks of immunodeficient mice. Animals were monitored for engraftment for up to 6 months. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, and targeted next-generation re-sequencing, were then performed in both the primary sample and the derivative PDX line. A total of 12 patients were enrolled in the study. EBUS-TBNA aspirates yielded large numbers of viable tumor cells sufficient to inject between 18,750 and 1,487,000 cells per flank, and to yield microgram quantities of high-quality DNA. Of these, samples from 10 patients generated xenografts (engraftment rate 83%) with a mean latency of 104 days (range 63–188). All but one maintained a typical SCLC phenotype that closely matched the original sample. Identical mutations that are characteristic of SCLC were identified in both the primary sample and xenograft line. EBUS-TBNA has the potential to be a powerful tool in the development of new targeting strategies for SCLC patients by providing large numbers of viable tumor cells suitable for both xenografting and complex genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Leong
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kieren D. Marini
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fernando J. Rossello
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Life Sciences Computation Centre, Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Prudence A. Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zdenka Prodanovic
- Department of Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beena Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vinod Ganju
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, East Bentleigh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muhammad Alamgeer
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, East Bentleigh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis B. Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel P. Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig D. Peacock
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jason E. Cain
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anette Szczepny
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (DNW); (AS)
| | - D. Neil Watkins
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (DNW); (AS)
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Wu H, Qi XW, Yan GN, Zhang QB, Xu C, Bian XW. Is CD133 expression a prognostic biomarker of non-small-cell lung cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100168. [PMID: 24940615 PMCID: PMC4062503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical and prognostic significance of CD133 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. To clarify a precise determinant of the clinical significance of CD133, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of CD133 with prognosis and clinicopathological features of NSCLC patients. Methods The electronic and manual searches were performed through the database of Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Chinese CNKI (from January 1, 1982 to January 1, 2014) for titles and abstracts by using the following keywords: “CD133”, “ac133” or “Prominin-1”, and “lung cancer” to identify the studies eligible for our analysis. Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.0 and the outcomes included the overall survival and various clinicopathological features. Results A total of 23 studies were finally included, and our results showed that CD133 level was significantly correlated with the overall survival (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.24–4.07, P = 0.008) of NSCLC patients but not with the disease free survival (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.77–2.30, P = 0.31). With respect to clinicopathological features, CD133 level was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.06–3.74, P = 0.03), but not correlated with the histological classification (OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.81–1.23, P = 0.99(ac), OR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.61–1.24, P = 0.45(sc)), or differentiation (OR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.53–1.68, Z = 0.20, P = 0.84 random-effect) of NSCLC patients. Conclusion High level of CD133 expression trends to correlate with a worse prognosis and a higher rate of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients, revealing CD133 as a potential pathological prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Public Health, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-wei Qi
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-ning Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-bi Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (QBZ); (CX)
| | - Chuan Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (QBZ); (CX)
| | - Xiu-wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
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Shao C, Sullivan JP, Girard L, Augustyn A, Yenerall P, Rodriguez-Canales J, Liu H, Behrens C, Shay JW, Wistuba II, Minna JD. Essential role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 for the maintenance of non-small cell lung cancer stem cells is associated with the STAT3 pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4154-66. [PMID: 24907115 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer stem cells (CSC) with elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity are self-renewing, clonogenic, and tumorigenic. The purpose of our study is to elucidate the mechanisms by which lung CSCs are regulated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A genome-wide gene expression analysis was performed to identify genes differentially expressed in the ALDH(+) versus ALDH -: cells. RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and Aldefluor assay were used to validate identified genes. To explore the function in CSCs, we manipulated their expression followed by colony and tumor formation assays. RESULTS We identified a subset of genes that were differentially expressed in common in ALDH(+) cells, among which ALDH1A3 was the most upregulated gene in ALDH(+) versus ALDH -: cells. shRNA-mediated knockdown of ALDH1A3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resulted in a dramatic reduction in ALDH activity, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity, indicating that ALDH1A3 is required for tumorigenic properties. In contrast, overexpression of ALDH1A3 by itself it was not sufficient to increase tumorigenicity. The ALDH(+) cells also expressed more activated STAT3 than ALDH -: cells. Inhibition of STAT3 or its activator EZH2 genetically or pharmacologically diminished the level of ALDH(+) cells and clonogenicity. Unexpectedly, ALDH1A3 was highly expressed in female, never smokers, well-differentiated tumors, or adenocarcinoma. ALDH1A3 low expression was associated with poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that ALDH1A3 is the predominant ALDH isozyme responsible for ALDH activity and tumorigenicity in most NSCLCs, and that inhibiting either ALDH1A3 or the STAT3 pathway are potential therapeutic strategies to eliminate the ALDH(+) subpopulation in NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Shao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - James P Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pharmacology, and
| | - Alexander Augustyn
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Paul Yenerall
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Departments of
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Departments of
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Departments of
| | | | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Departments of
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pharmacology, and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Alamgeer M, Ganju V, Kumar B, Fox J, Hart S, White M, Harris M, Stuckey J, Prodanovic Z, Schneider-Kolsky ME, Watkins DN. Changes in aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 expression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict outcome in locally advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R44. [PMID: 24762066 PMCID: PMC4053180 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for locally advanced breast cancer can improve operability and local disease control, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers that predict response to chemotherapy or long-term survival. Since expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) is associated with the stem-like properties of self-renewal and innate chemoresistance in breast cancer, we asked whether expression in serial tumor samples treated with NAC could identify women more likely to benefit from this therapy. METHODS Women with locally advanced breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive four cycles of anthracycline-based chemotherapy, followed by four cycles of taxane therapy (Arm A), or the same regimen in reverse order (Arm B). Tumor specimens were collected at baseline, after four cycles, and then at surgical resection. ALDH1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and correlated with tumor response using Fisher's exact test while Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. RESULTS A hundred and nineteen women were enrolled into the study. Fifty seven (48%) were randomized to Arm A and 62 (52%) to Arm B. Most of the women (90%) had ductal carcinoma and 10% had lobular carcinoma. Of these, 26 (22%) achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC. There was no correlation between baseline ALDH1 expression and tumor grade, stage, hormone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and Ki67 index. ALDH1 negativity at baseline was significantly associated with pCR (P = 0.004). The presence of ALDH1(+) cells in the residual tumor cells in non-responding women was strongly predictive of worse overall survival (P = 0.024). Moreover, serial analysis of specimens from non-responders showed a marked increase in tumor-specific ALDH1 expression (P = 0.028). Overall, there was no survival difference according to the chemotherapy sequence. However, poorly responding tumours from women receiving docetaxel chemotherapy showed an unexpected significant increase in ALDH1 expression. CONCLUSIONS ALDH1 expression is a useful predictor of chemoresistance. The up-regulation of ALDH1 after NAC predicts poor survival in locally advanced breast cancer. Although the chemotherapy sequence had no effect on overall prognosis, our results suggest that anthracycline-based chemotherapy may be more effective at targeting ALDH1(+) breast cancer cells. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12605000588695.
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Li Z, Xiang Y, Xiang L, Xiao Y, Li F, Hao P. ALDH maintains the stemness of lung adenoma stem cells by suppressing the Notch/CDK2/CCNE pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92669. [PMID: 24671051 PMCID: PMC3966794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the expression of ALDH1A1 in lung adenoma stem cells (LASCs) and maintenance of their stemness through the Notch pathway. Methods LASCs (A549s) were isolated from lung adenoma cells (A549) and identified by their coexpression of CD133 and CD326 and their capacity formulti-directional differentiation. Expression of ALDH1A1 in A549 and A549s cells were evaluated by Real-time PCR. Effects of ALDH1A1 upregulation in A549 cells and its downregulation in A549s cells on the clonogenicity and cell cycle were assessed by colony-forming unit assay. Moreover, the effects of ALDH1A1 on the Notch pathway, and thus on the cell cycle, were studied. Results A549s cells were successfully isolated and identified.ALDH1A1expression was significantly higher in A549s than in A549 cells. Clonogenicity was significantly decreased in A549s cells treated with ALDH1A1 siRNA. Duration of the G1 stage of the cell cycle increased after ALDH1A1 was overexpressed, or decreased with ALDH1A1 siRNA. ALDH1A1, Notch1, −2, and −3, CDK2, and CCNE1 expression levels were higher in A549s cells than in A549 cells. Expression of Notch1, −2, and −3, CDK2, and CCNE1 was significantly decreased by upregulation of ALDH1A1 in A549 cells, but increased by its interruption in A549s cells. When Notch3 or CDK2 expression was downregulated, the expression levels of ALDH1A1, Notch1, −2, and −3, CDK2, and CCNE1 were reduced in all cell types. Conclusion ALDH1A1 expression improved clonogenicity and inhibited the cell cycle, maintaining the stemness of the A549s cells; this may involve suppression of the Notch/CDK2/Cyclin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixin Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Xiao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Barradas AMC, Terstappen LWMM. Towards the Biological Understanding of CTC: Capture Technologies, Definitions and Potential to Create Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1619-42. [PMID: 24305653 PMCID: PMC3875957 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) are rare cells originated from tumors that travel into the blood stream, extravasate to different organs of which only a small fraction will develop into metastasis. The presence of CTC enumerated with the CellSearch system is associated with a relative short survival and their continued presence after the first cycles of therapy indicates a futile therapy in patients with metastatic carcinomas. Detailed characterization of CTC holds the promise to enable the choice of the optimal therapy for the individual patients during the course of the disease. The phenotype, physical and biological properties are however not well understood making it difficult to assess the merit of recent technological advancements to improve upon the capture of CTC or to evaluate their metastatic potential. Here we will discuss the recent advances in the classification of CTC captured by the CellSearch system, the implications of their features and numbers. Latest capture platforms are reviewed and placed in the light of technology improvements needed to detect CTC. Physical properties, phenotype, viability and proliferative potential and means to assess their proliferation and metastatic capacity will be summarized and placed in the context of the latest CTC capture platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M C Barradas
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands.
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