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Bai S, Zhang J, Cui L, Du S, Lin S, Liang Y, Liu Y, Wang Z. The joint effect of cumulative doses for outdoor air pollutants exposure in early life on asthma and wheezing among young children. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116097. [PMID: 38367605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constrained by no proper way to assess cumulative exposure, the joint effect of air pollution cumulative exposure doses on childhood asthma and wheezing (AW) was not understood. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between cumulative exposure to multiple air pollutants in early life and childhood AW. METHODS We designed a nested case-control study based on the birth cohort in Jinan City. Children with AW followed up within 2 years after birth were treated as cases, and non-cases in this cohort were treated as the control source population, and the propensity score matching method was used to match each case to 5 controls. We calculated the individual cumulative outdoor exposure doses for each period using an inverse distance weighted model, alongside the complex Simpson's formula, accounting for outdoor time and respiratory volume. The Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression was performed to screen for covariates. To analyze the joint effects of pollutants, we employed the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model in conjunction with conditional logistic regression. RESULTS 84 cases and 420 controls were included in this study. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the impact of cumulative exposure (mg/m3) after birth on childhood AW was 1.78 (1.15-2.74) for SO2, 1.69 (1.11-2.57) for NO2, and 1.65 (1.09-2.52) for PM2.5, respectively. Furthermore, with each 25th percentile increase in the WQS index, the overall risk of cumulative doses for six pollutants exposure after birth on AW increased by an adjusted OR of 1.10 (1.03, 1.18), and SO2, PM2.5, and NO2 contributed the most to the WQS index. However, no statistically significant association was found between cumulative exposure to all pollutants before birth and childhood AW. CONCLUSIONS There was a joint effect of the cumulative exposure dose of outdoor air pollutants after birth on AW in children aged 0-2 years. And traffic-related pollutants (SO2, PM2.5, and NO2) make a greater contribution to the joint effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoxin Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Liangliang Cui
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Jinan Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Du
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Department of Environmental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shaoqian Lin
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Ward T, Jha A, Daynes E, Ackland J, Chalmers JD. Review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 23 November 2022 23-25 November 2022. Thorax 2023; 78:e1. [PMID: 36717241 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting at the QEII Centre in London provided the first opportunity for the respiratory community to meet and disseminate research findings face to face since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. World-leading researchers from the UK and abroad presented their latest findings across a range of respiratory diseases. This article aims to represent the range of the conference and as such is written from the perspective of a basic scientist, a physiotherapist and two doctors. The authors reviewed showcase sessions plus a selection of symposia based on their personal highlights. Content ranged from exciting new developments in basic science to new and unpublished results from clinical trials, delivered by leading scientists from their fields including former deputy chief medical officer Professor Sir Jonathan Van-Tam and former WHO chief scientist Dr Soumya Swaminathan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ward
- Department Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Akhilesh Jha
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Enya Daynes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Jodie Ackland
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Cogo A, Piazza M, Costella S, Appodia M, Aralla R, Zanconato S, Carraro S, Piacentini G. A positive effect of a short period stay in Alpine environment on lung function in asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2116-2121. [PMID: 35606932 PMCID: PMC9546332 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung function is a central issue in diagnosis and determination of asthma severity and asthma control has been previously reported to improve after a stay in mountain environment for at least 2 weeks. No data are available for shorter periods of stay, in particular for small airways during a stay at altitude. The aim of this study is to focus on changes in respiratory function, regarding both the central airways and the peripheral airways in the first 2 weeks of stay in a mountain environment in asthmatic children. In this study, 66 asthmatic children (age: 14 ± 2.8 years) were evaluated through spirometric and oscillometric tests at the time of arrival at the Istituto Pio XII, Misurina (BL), Italy, 1756 m above sea level (T0), after 24 h (T1), and 168 h (T2) of stay. FEV1%, FEF25%-75%, and FEV1/FVC increased significantly from T0 value both at T1 and T2 (respectively, p = 0.0002, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0002). Oscillometry showed a significant improvement in R5, R20, and R5-20 at both T1 and T2 as compared to T0 (respectively, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.049). Reactance at 5 Hz (X5) improved significantly at T2 versus T0, p = 0.0022. The area under reactance curve between Fres and 5 Hz (AX) was significantly reduced (p = 0.0001) both at T1 and T2 as compared to T0. This study shows an improvement in respiratory indices as soon as after 24 h of stay at altitude, persisting in the following week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Cogo
- Altitude Pediatric Asthma Centre in Misurina, Pio XII Institute, Belluno, Italy
| | - Michele Piazza
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Costella
- Altitude Pediatric Asthma Centre in Misurina, Pio XII Institute, Belluno, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Aralla
- Altitude Pediatric Asthma Centre in Misurina, Pio XII Institute, Belluno, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Carraro S, Ferraro VA, Zanconato S. Impact of air pollution exposure on lung function and exhaled breath biomarkers in children and adolescents. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35947967 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac8895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of scientific papers focus on the description and quantification of the detrimental effects of pollution exposure on human health. The respiratory system is one of the main targets of these effects and children are potentially a vulnerable population. Many studies analyzed the effects of short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants on children's respiratory function. Aim of the present narrative review is to summarize the results of the available cohort studies which investigated how children's lung function is affected by exposure to air pollution. In addition, an overview is provided on the association, in children, between pollution exposure and exhaled breath biomarkers, as possible indicators of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in pollution-related lung damages. The identified cohort studies suggest that, beside the possible impact of recent exposure, early and lifetime exposure are the variables most consistently associated with a reduction in lung function parameters in both children and adolescents. As for the effect of air pollution exposure on exhaled breath biomarkers, the available studies show an association with increased exhaled nitric oxide, with increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and with EBC acidification. These studies, therefore, suggest lung inflammation and oxidative stress as possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved in pollution related lung damages. Taken together, the available data underscore the importance of the development and application of policies aimed at reducing air pollutant concentration, since the protection of children's lung function can have a beneficial impact on adults' respiratory health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carraro
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 3, Padova, 35128, ITALY
| | - Valentina Agnese Ferraro
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 3, Padova, 35128, ITALY
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 3, Padova, 35128, ITALY
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Idrose NS, Lodge CJ, Erbas B, Douglass JA, Bui DS, Dharmage SC. A Review of the Respiratory Health Burden Attributable to Short-Term Exposure to Pollen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127541. [PMID: 35742795 PMCID: PMC9224249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect millions worldwide and pose a significant global public health burden. Over the years, changes in land use and climate have increased pollen quantity, allergenicity and duration of the pollen season, thus increasing its impact on respiratory disease. Many studies have investigated the associations between short-term ambient pollen (i.e., within days or weeks of exposure) and respiratory outcomes. Here, we reviewed the current evidence on the association between short-term outdoor pollen exposure and thunderstorm asthma (TA), asthma and COPD hospital presentations, general practice (GP) consultations, self-reported respiratory symptoms, lung function changes and their potential effect modifiers. The literature suggests strong evidence of an association between ambient pollen concentrations and almost all respiratory outcomes mentioned above, especially in people with pre-existing respiratory diseases. However, the evidence on sub-clinical lung function changes, COPD, and effect modifiers other than asthma, hay fever and pollen sensitisation are still scarce and requires further exploration. Better understanding of the implications of pollen on respiratory health can aid healthcare professionals to implement appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sabrina Idrose
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.S.I.); (C.J.L.); (D.S.B.)
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Caroline J. Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.S.I.); (C.J.L.); (D.S.B.)
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Jo A. Douglass
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dinh S. Bui
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.S.I.); (C.J.L.); (D.S.B.)
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.S.I.); (C.J.L.); (D.S.B.)
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-383-440-737
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Onoda A, Okamoto S, Shimizu R, El-Sayed YS, Watanabe S, Ogawa S, Abe R, Kamimura M, Soga K, Tachibana K, Takeda K, Umezawa M. Effect of Carbon Black Nanoparticle on Neonatal Lymphoid Tissues Depending on the Gestational Period of Exposure in Mice. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:700392. [PMID: 35295157 PMCID: PMC8915855 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.700392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Particulate air pollution, containing nanoparticles, enhances the risk of pediatric allergic diseases that is potentially associated with disruption of neonatal immune system. Previous studies have revealed that maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CB-NP) disturbs the development of the lymphoid tissues in newborns. Interestingly, the CB-NP-induced immune profiles were observed to be different depending on the gestational period of exposure. It is important to identify the critical exposure period to prevent toxic effects of nanoparticles on the development of the immune system. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of CB-NP on the development of neonatal lymphoid tissues in mice, depending on the gestational period of exposure. Methods: Pregnant ICR mice were treated with a suspension of CB-NP (95 μg/kg body weight) by intranasal instillation; the suspension was administered twice during each gestational period as follows: the pre-implantation period (gestational days 4 and 5), organogenesis period (gestational days 8 and 9), and fetal developmental period (gestational days 15 and 16). The spleen and thymus were collected from offspring mice at 1, 3, and 5-days post-partum. Splenocyte and thymocyte phenotypes were examined by flow cytometry. Gene expression in the spleen was examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: The numbers of total splenocytes and splenic CD3−B220− phenotype (non-T/non-B lymphocytes) in offspring on postnatal day 5 were significantly increased after exposure to CB-NP during the organogenesis period compared with other gestational periods of exposure and control (no exposure). In contrast, expression levels of mRNA associated with chemotaxis and differentiation of immune cells in the spleen were not affected by CB-NP exposure during any gestational period. Conclusion: The organogenesis period was the most susceptible period to CB-NP exposure with respect to lymphoid tissue development. Moreover, the findings of the present and previous studies suggested that long-term exposure to CB-NP across multiple gestational periods including the organogenesis period, rather than acute exposure only organogenesis period, may more severely affect the development of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Onoda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyoonoda, Japan
| | - Saki Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Shiho Watanabe
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ogawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Advanced Comprehensive Research Center, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masao Kamimura
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
| | - Kohei Soga
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
| | - Ken Tachibana
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyoonoda, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyoonoda, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
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Cai Y. Ambient pollen and air quality on children’s lung function: is there a synergy? Thorax 2021; 76:858-859. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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