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Segel-Karpas D, Estlein R, Ermer AE. Links between Couples' Cynical Hostility and Mental Health: A Dyadic Investigation of Older Couples. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:283. [PMID: 38667078 PMCID: PMC11047389 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Whereas sharing a life with someone with high cynical hostility can be straining, little is known about how partner's cynical hostility is associated with one's mental health. In this paper, we report the findings from a longitudinal dyadic study using two waves of a large and representative American sample of older adults and their spouses to examine how one's own and their spouse's cynical hostility longitudinally affect anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results from APIM analyses suggest that both husbands' and wives' anxiety and depressive symptoms were negatively associated with their own cynical hostility, both within each time point and longitudinally. Partners' cynical hostility, however, predicted only husbands' mental health cross-sectionally. Furthermore, a moderating effect was identified, although it was not consistently observed across all analyses. Specifically, when a partner's cynical hostility was high, the association between one's own cynical hostility and their mental health was stronger, especially for women. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roi Estlein
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Ashley E. Ermer
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA;
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2
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Older Parents' Cynical Hostility and Their Relationships with Their Adult Children: A Longitudinal Dyadic Study of North American Couples. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050736. [PMID: 36900741 PMCID: PMC10001209 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults' relationships with their children are often a source of reciprocal emotional and instrumental support, but also of strain. Cynical hostility is a cognitive schema, according to which people cannot be trusted. Previous studies showed that cynical hostility has adverse implications for social relationships. Little is known about the possible outcomes of parental cynical hostility on older adults' relationships with their children. Two waves of the Health and Retirement Study and Actor-Partner Interdependence Models were used to examine the way spouses' cynical hostility at Time 1 is associated with their own and their spouse's relationship with the children at Time 2. Both partners' cynical hostility predicts his or her own strain in the relationship with the children, and for husbands, their spouse's cynical hostility also predicts strain. For husbands only, their own cynical hostility is associated with reduced perceived support from their children. Finally, a husband's cynical hostility is associated with both partners' reduced contact with their children. These findings illuminate the social and familial costs of cynical hostility in old age, suggesting that older adults with higher levels of cynical hostility may be more susceptible to strained relationships with their children.
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Wang H, Lam CKC, Wulayin M, Chen X, Wang S, Ren M, Lee JKW, Hang J, Huang C, Wang Q. Thermal perception and lung function: a panel study in young adults with exercise under high outdoor temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:81-91. [PMID: 36331668 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been observed that high temperature exposure is associated with a reduction in lung function and some possible biological mechanisms have been suggested. However, it is unclear if thermal perception plays a role in the association. From September 3rd to 15th, 2018, in Guangzhou, China, we repeatedly measured daily thermal perception and lung function among 126 participants with outdoor military training. We performed a linear mixed model and stratified analyses by the origin of students, gender, and the training period to evaluate the effects of thermal perception on lung function. A total of 399 measurements were collected. Per vote increase in thermal sensation vote towards the "hot" direction was associated with a - 0.04 L (95% CI: - 0.08 to - 0.01) decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC), and - 0.04 L (95% CI: - 0.08 to - 0.01) decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Per grade increase towards the "very uncomfortable" direction for thermal comfort vote was associated with an increased percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) by 1.52% (95% CI: 0.18 to 2.86). For thermal preference, with preferred cooler vote increased by one level, FVC and FEV1 decreased by - 0.05 L/s (95% CI: - 0.08 to - 0.02) and - 0.05L/s (95% CI: - 0.08 to - 0.02), respectively. The effects of thermal perception on lung function were stronger among non-local and in the first week of training. Our study suggests that in the same high-temperature environment, thermal perception is associated with lung function, even in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huailin Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | | | - Maimaitiminjiang Wulayin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Suhan Wang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | | | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Wanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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4
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Lynch HN, Goodman JE, Bachman AN. Lung physiology and controlled exposure study design. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 112:107106. [PMID: 34320367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Controlled human inhalation exposure ( CHIE) studies provide a unique opportunity to conduct formal experiments to examine the human health effects of airborne pollutants. Lung function, easily measured using spirometry, is a common physiological variable often utilized in these studies. By design, CHIE studies only induce mild and reversible acute effects, which may or may not predict adverse effects that may develop under chronic exposure conditions. There is substantial inter- and intra-individual variability in functional capacity and symptoms such as chest tightness and dyspnea, which are complex variables that are affected by individual perception, physiological lung impairment, and other variables (e.g., concomitant health conditions, and level of conditioning/fitness). Thus, the design of the CHIE study and physiological and environmental factors of study participants can affect each CHIE study's results. Researchers can address many of these critical issues in the problem formulation phase of CHIE studies, utilizing existing information on the expected effects of the substance of interest and possible modes of action. Thoughtful design and interpretation of CHIE studies will increase their utility for evaluating and setting environmental health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Lynch
- Cardno ChemRisk, 607 Boylston Street, Suite 301, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
| | | | - Ammie N Bachman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ, USA.
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Rain M, Subramaniam B, Avti P, Mahajan P, Anand A. Can Yogic Breathing Techniques Like Simha Kriya and Isha Kriya Regulate COVID-19-Related Stress? Front Psychol 2021; 12:635816. [PMID: 33935886 PMCID: PMC8081973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is tremendous on human life, not only affecting the physical and mental health of population but also impacting the economic system of countries and individual itself. The present situation demands prompt response toward COVID-19 by equipping the humans with strategies to overcome the infection and stress associated with it. These strategies must not only be limited to preventive and therapeutic measures, but also aim at improving immunity and mental health. This can be achieved by yogic breathing techniques. In this perspective, we emphasize the importance of yogic breathing, Simha Kriya and Isha kriya, the simple yet effective breathing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Rain
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Center for Anesthesia Research Excellence, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranay Mahajan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Mind Body Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre of Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Teismann H, Kissler J, Berger K. Investigating the roles of age, sex, depression, and anxiety for valence and arousal ratings of words: a population-based study. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:118. [PMID: 33160414 PMCID: PMC7648958 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perception of the affective quality of stimuli with regard to valence and arousal has mostly been studied in laboratory experiments. Population-based research may complement such studies by accessing larger, older, better balanced, and more heterogeneous samples. Several characteristics, among them age, sex, depression, or anxiety, were found to be associated with affective quality perception. Here, we intended to transfer valence and arousal rating methods from experimental to population-based research. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of obtaining and determining the structure of valence and arousal ratings in the setting of the large observational BiDirect Study. Moreover, we explored the roles of age, sex, depression, and anxiety for valence and arousal ratings of words. METHODS 704 participants provided valence and arousal ratings for 12 written nouns pre-categorized as unpleasant, neutral, or pleasant. Predictors of valence and arousal ratings (i.e. age, sex, depression, and anxiety) were analyzed for six outcomes that emerge by combining two affective dimensions with three words categories. Data were modeled with multiple linear regression. Relative predictor importance was quantified by model-explained variance decomposition. RESULTS Overall, average population-based ratings replicated those found in laboratory settings. The model did not reach statistical significance in the valence dimension. In the arousal dimension, the model explained 5.4% (unpleasant), 4.6% (neutral), and 3.5% (pleasant) of the variance. (Trend) effects of sex on arousal ratings were found in all word categories (unpleasant: increased arousal in women; neutral, pleasant: decreased arousal in women). Effects of age and anxiety (increased arousal) were restricted to the neutral words. CONCLUSIONS We report results of valence and arousal ratings of words in the setting of a large, observational, population-based study. Method transfer yielded acceptable data quality. The analyses demonstrated small effects of the selected predictors in the arousal dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Teismann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 (Building D3), 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johanna Kissler
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.,Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 (Building D3), 48149, Münster, Germany
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7
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Effect of Work Environment on Presenteeism among Aging American Workers: The Moderated Mediating Effect of Cynical Hostility. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cynical hostility in the workplace has been studied. However, there is still no complete study examining how cynical hostility affects work performance. We examined how work environment impacts presenteeism through the mediation of cynical hostility and how chronic work discrimination moderates the relationship between work environment and cynical hostility among ageing workforces. The psychosocial vulnerability model supplies theoretical support for our model. We analyzed data from a sample of 2926 aging workforces from the Health and Retirement Study. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationships with a moderated mediation model. In the final SEM model, our results showed that work environment was directly negatively associated with presenteeism. Moreover, cynical hostility was significantly inversely correlated with work environment and positively correlated with presenteeism. We found that the significant indirect effect between work environment and presenteeism can be significantly mediated by cynical hostility. In addition, cynical hostility is more likely to be affected by work environment among ageing workforces with lower levels of chronic work discrimination than those with higher levels. Enterprise, government, and employees themselves should be aware of the impact of presenteeism on ageing workforces with high levels of cynical hostility.
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8
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Tzitzikos G, Kotrotsiou E, Bonotis K, Gourgoulianis K. Assessing hostility in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018; 24:605-619. [PMID: 30522331 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1554253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
COPD is a disease that can adversely affect patients' psychology. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether COPD patients feel increased hostility, and if hostility is associated with socio-economic factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 203 COPD patients in primary health care services in Greece, using the hostility and direction of hostility questionnaire HDHQ. Patient demographics, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI) and disease grade were also recorded. The results showed significant differences between males and females, with women exhibiting higher hostility (p = 0.004). Age correlates negatively with hostility, with younger patients showing higher values. Patients who continue to smoke (p = 0.005), and those in a very poor financial situation, have a much higher level of hostility. Regarding family status, married patients show the least hostility. In patients with very severe COPD and those with low education (p = 0.035) there is a high level of self-criticism. In conclusion, patients with COPD, still smokers, single, low-income and low-educated, especially female patients, have a higher risk of developing hostility. These findings suggest a need for further research in order to clarify the complexity of the different risk factors.
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9
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Bandoli G, Ghosh JK, von Ehrenstein O, Ritz B. Psychosocial stressors and lung function in youth ages 10-17: an examination by stressor, age and gender. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 39:297-303. [PMID: 27160859 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on the impact of psychosocial stressors on child and adolescent lung function is uncommon, and has primarily relied either on parents' own stress measures or parent-reported stressors the child experienced, which may be a poor proxy for perceived stress in older children and adolescents. Methods We performed multivariate linear regression of spirometry measures (FVC, FEV1 and FEF25-75) and psychosocial stressors in 584 adolescents in the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey. We examined family conflict, unsafe neighborhood or school, and the absence of a father in models stratified by gender, adjusting for PM2.5 and potential confounders. Results We observed reductions in lung function in males related to the absence of a father in the house (FEV1: -176.2 ml, 95% CI -322.7, -29.7) and family conflict (FEV1: -156.2 ml, 95% CI -327.8, 15.5); associations were stronger in older males ages 15-17 years for each stressor (P for interaction of age and sex was 0.009 and 0.06, respectively). Conclusions This research informs a very small literature on psychosocial stressors and lung function in adolescents. Our finding of differential vulnerability by age and gender warrants further exploration of adolescent psychosocial stressor response on lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bandoli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 7910 Frost Street, Ste 370, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - J K Ghosh
- Unaffiliated, Los Angeles, CA 91214, USA
| | - O von Ehrenstein
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - B Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Okely JA, Shaheen SO, Weiss A, Gale CR. Wellbeing and chronic lung disease incidence: The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181320. [PMID: 28727748 PMCID: PMC5519137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that psychosocial factors can impact COPD prevalence. However, research into this association has predominantly focused on negative factors such as depression. The aim of this study was to examine whether high subjective wellbeing is associated with a lower risk of developing COPD. METHODS The sample consisted of 12,246 participants aged ≥50 years from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the relationship between wellbeing (measured using the CASP-12) and incidence of COPD over a follow-up period of 9 years. RESULTS There was a significant association between wellbeing and COPD risk. In age-adjusted analyses, a standard deviation increase in CASP-12 score was associated with a reduced risk of COPD; hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for men and women were 0.67 (0.60-0.75) and 0.80 (0.73-0.87) respectively. After additional adjustment for demographic and health behaviour variables, this association remained significant for men but not for women: the fully-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.80 (0.70-0.91) and 0.91 (0.82-1.03) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Greater wellbeing is associated with a reduced risk of COPD, particularly in men. Future research is needed to establish whether gender reliably moderates this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Okely
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Seif O. Shaheen
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine R. Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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11
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Lemche AV, Chaban OS, Lemche E. Anger Traits Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in the Metabolic Syndrome. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2016; 31:336-42. [PMID: 27299759 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that different personality traits contribute to mortality in different subtypes of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Anger traits have been shown to promote the constellation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which in turn increases CVD risks. OBJECTIVE To determine covariation of anger traits with CVD biomarkers, we examined patients (N = 101; 34 men and 67 women; age, 45.6 ± 13.96 years) in a nationally sampled treatment cohort for MetS in the Ukrainian governmental healthcare system. METHODS Data collection was conducted in 2007. Laboratory data of single components of the MetS according to International Diabetes Federation Consensus were dependent measures in regression models with self-reported overt aggressivity and covert hostility in the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and sociodemographic data. Structural equation models (SEMs) were tested. RESULTS The SEM results are in favor of a sex-adjusted 2-factor solution R = 0.723), as indicated by equation-level Bentler-Raykov goodness-of-fit coefficients of 0.81 to 0.97 for paths to biological variables. Two latent components, 1 relating to aggressivity and the other to hostility, combine lipid/obesity-related measures and cholesterol-related measures, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SEM results suggest that CVD-risk biomarker variables in this MetS sample (a) associate into 2 distinct profiles and (b) that 1 profile associates with overt anger, whereas the other associates with covert hostility. These results could contribute to more personalized prevention and care in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Lemche
- Alexandra V. Lemche, MD Researcher, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.Oleg S. Chaban, MD, PhD, DSc Full Professor, Section of Neuroses and Somatoform Disorders, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine.Erwin Lemche, PhD Senior Researcher, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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Crittenden CN, Pressman SD, Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Smith BW, Seeman TE. Social integration and pulmonary function in the elderly. Health Psychol 2014; 33:535-43. [PMID: 24884907 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine whether social integration, defined as number of social roles, is associated with better pulmonary function in the elderly and which roles are associated with greatest benefit. It also examined pathways that connect social integration to better lung health. METHODS High functioning men (n = 518) and women (n = 629) ages 70-79 were recruited as part of the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging, and data were collected on social roles as well as pulmonary function as assessed by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Multiple regressions predicting PEFR from the number of social roles controlled for age, sex, race, education, weight, and height. Physiological, behavioral, social, and psychological factors were tested as mediators of the association between the number of social roles and PEFR. RESULTS More social roles were associated with better PEFR. Analysis of specific roles indicated that marriage was the strongest positive correlate of PEFR. However, greater numbers of roles were also associated with better PEFR independent of marriage. Being a relative or friend were each also individually associated with better PEFR. Even so, greater numbers of social roles were associated with better PEFR independent of relative and friend. The data were consistent with greater happiness, not smoking, and more physical activity acting as pathways linking the number of roles to PEFR. CONCLUSIONS Number of social roles is an important correlate of healthy lung function in the elderly. This association may be driven by healthier behaviors and greater feelings of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah D Pressman
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | | | | | - Teresa E Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California
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13
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Brook JS, Lee JY, Balka EB, Finch SJ, Brook DW. Utilization of mental health services by minority urban adults: psychosocial predictors. J Urban Health 2014; 91:720-35. [PMID: 24865801 PMCID: PMC4134453 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-014-9878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although most mental disorders have their first onset by young adulthood, there are few longitudinal studies of these problems and related help-seeking behavior. The present study examined some early and current predictors of the use of mental health services among African-American and Puerto Rican participants in their mid-30s. The 674 participants (52.8 % African Americans, 47.2 % Puerto Ricans; 60.1 % women) in this study were first seen in 1990 when the participants attended schools serving the East Harlem area of New York City. A structural equation model controlling for the participants' gender, educational level in emerging adulthood, and age at the most recent data collection showed significant standardized pathways from both ethnicity (β = -0.28; z = -4.82; p < 0.001) and psychological symptoms (β = 0.15; z = 2.41; p < 0.05), both measured in emerging adulthood, to smoking in the early 30s. That, in turn, was associated with certain physical diseases and symptoms (i.e., respiratory) in the mid-30s (β = 0.16; z = 2.59; p < 0.05). These physical diseases and symptoms had a cross-sectional association with family financial difficulty in the mid-30s (β = 0.21; z = 4.53; p < 0.001), which in turn also had a cross-sectional association with psychiatric disorders (β = 0.30; z = 5.30; p < 0.001). Psychiatric disorders had a cross-sectional association with mental health services utilization (β = 0.65; z = 13.25; p < 0.001). Additional pathways from the other domains to mental health services utilization in the mid-30s were also supported by the mediating role of psychiatric disorders. Results obtained from this research offer theoretical and practical information regarding the processes leading to the use of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Ave., 15th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA,
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Pahl K, Brook JS, Zhang C, Brook DW. Psychosocial Predictors of Mental Health Service Utilization Among Women During their Mid-Sixties. J Behav Health Serv Res 2014; 43:143-54. [PMID: 24878632 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-014-9414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This prospective study examined the longitudinal pathways to the utilization of mental health services among women in their mid-sixties. Earlier educational level, psychological symptoms, cigarette use, and physical diseases and later psychological symptoms were examined as predictors of mental health services utilization. The sample consisted of a prospective cohort of women (N = 511) who were followed from young adulthood (mean age = 32) to late midlife (mean age = 65). Using structural equation modeling, the results supported a mediational model showing that earlier low educational level and greater psychological symptoms predicted increased cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking predicted later physical diseases and symptoms. Physical diseases and symptoms were related to financial difficulty and later psychological symptoms and, ultimately, the use of mental health services by women in the mid-sixties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Pahl
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Judith S Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Chenshu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David W Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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15
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Central nervous system influences in asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 795:309-19. [PMID: 24162917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8603-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a biomedical disorder whose presentation can be markedly influenced by neurological and psychological factors. This chapter describes several approaches that provide insight into the role of psychological factors and brain function in asthma. These include the study of placebo responses and recent explorations using functional neuroimaging during the onset of asthma symptoms. Although the specific mechanisms involved remain uncertain, we are gaining an appreciation for some of the neurocircuitry that is involved. The insula and ACC may modulate inflammatory processes by their influence on neuroendocrine responses to stress, including highly studied effects on the HPA axis and its physiologic responses. However much we have recently learned, it is clear that further study of this topic is critical to fully explicate the role of the brain in asthma.
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Lemche AV, Chaban OS, Lemche E. Aggressivity and hostility traits affect different cardiovascular risk profiles in the metabolic syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2014; 171:e76-7. [PMID: 24377714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Lemche
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg S Chaban
- Section of Neuroses and Somatoform Disorders, Bogolomets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Takarada T, Asada T, Sumi Y, Higuchi Y. Effect of a Rotation Training System on the Mental Health Status of Postgraduate Dental Trainees at Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. J Dent Educ 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.2.tb05674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Takarada
- Division of General Oral Care; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tetsunosuke Asada
- Division of General Oral Care; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sumi
- Division of General Oral Care; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshinori Higuchi
- Division of General Oral Care; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka Japan
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Abstract
Asthma and mental health conditions often coexist and studies support a link between the two disorders. Indeed, an increase in the incidence of depression and anxiety has been reported in children with asthma compared to those without asthma. Direction of causality in the relationship is unclear. Parental stress appears to be an important factor important in the development of infant wheezing. There is support for a working hypothesis, linking inner-city violence and the development of childhood asthma via pathways that include parental mental health conditions, parental nicotine addiction, environmental tobacco smoke, and Th2 skewing in infants. It is anticipated that a better understanding of the above relationships will lead to the development of new targeted treatment strategies for childhood asthma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gentile
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Allegheny General Hospital, Drexel University School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wayne PM, Manor B, Novak V, Costa MD, Hausdorff JM, Goldberger AL, Ahn AC, Yeh GY, Peng CK, Lough M, Davis RB, Quilty MT, Lipsitz LA. A systems biology approach to studying Tai Chi, physiological complexity and healthy aging: design and rationale of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2013; 34:21-34. [PMID: 23026349 PMCID: PMC3638751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is typically associated with progressive multi-system impairment that leads to decreased physical and cognitive function and reduced adaptability to stress. Due to its capacity to characterize complex dynamics within and between physiological systems, the emerging field of complex systems biology and its array of quantitative tools show great promise for improving our understanding of aging, monitoring senescence, and providing biomarkers for evaluating novel interventions, including promising mind-body exercises, that treat age-related disease and promote healthy aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS An ongoing, two-arm randomized clinical trial is evaluating the potential of Tai Chi mind-body exercise to attenuate age-related loss of complexity. A total of 60 Tai Chi-naïve healthy older adults (aged 50-79) are being randomized to either six months of Tai Chi training (n=30), or to a waitlist control receiving unaltered usual medical care (n=30). Our primary outcomes are complexity-based measures of heart rate, standing postural sway and gait stride interval dynamics assessed at 3 and 6months. Multiscale entropy and detrended fluctuation analysis are used as entropy- and fractal-based measures of complexity, respectively. Secondary outcomes include measures of physical and psychological function and tests of physiological adaptability also assessed at 3 and 6months. DISCUSSION Results of this study may lead to novel biomarkers that help us monitor and understand the physiological processes of aging and explore the potential benefits of Tai Chi and related mind-body exercises for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brad Manor
- Department of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vera Novak
- Department of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madelena D Costa
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hausdorff
- Movement Disorders Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ary L Goldberger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew C Ahn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gloria Y Yeh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C-K Peng
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Lough
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, MA, USA
| | - Roger B. Davis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary T Quilty
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lewis A Lipsitz
- Department of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, MA, USA
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21
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Brook A, Zhang C. The role of personal attributes in the genesis and progression of lung disease and cigarette smoking. Am J Public Health 2012; 103:931-7. [PMID: 22994182 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.300748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined early maladaptive personal attributes (e.g., depression), later lung disease, and later maladaptive personal attributes over a significant part of a woman's life. METHODS We gathered longitudinal data on a prospective cohort of community-dwelling women (n = 498) followed from young adulthood to late midlife. Results. We used structural equation modeling to assess the interrelations of maladaptive personal attributes, cigarette smoking, lung disease, and financial strain. The results supported a mediational model through which early maladaptive personal attributes were associated with smoking (b = 0.17, P < .001), which in turn predicted later lung disease (b = 0.33, P < .001), and lung disease was related to later family financial difficulties (b = 0.09, P < .05), which in turn were associated with later maladaptive personal attributes (b = 0.35, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our results address a number of important public health and clinical issues. An understanding of the interrelations of smoking, underlying mental health conditions, financial stress, and later mental health conditions on the part of physicians and other health care providers can be critical in managing patients with lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Brook
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Kubzansky LD, Mendes WB, Appleton AA, Block J, Adler GK. A heartfelt response: Oxytocin effects on response to social stress in men and women. Biol Psychol 2012; 90:1-9. [PMID: 22387929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal research indicates that oxytocin is involved in social behavior, stress regulation, and positive physiologic adaptation. This study examines whether oxytocin enhances adaptive responses to social stress and compares effects between men and women. METHODS Hypotheses were tested with a placebo-controlled, double-blind experiment. Social stress was induced. Changes in cardiovascular reactivity, affect, and behavior were assessed. RESULTS Participants given oxytocin, relative to placebo, responded to social stress with a challenge orientation characterized by a benign pattern of cardiovascular reactivity. Gender differences emerged. Men given oxytocin reported less negative affect and had greater vagal rebound, while women given oxytocin reported more anger and had better math performance following social stress. DISCUSSION Findings indicate oxytocin stimulates an approach-oriented cardiovascular profile during social stress, suggesting mechanisms by which oxytocin might improve physical health. However, before considering oxytocin as therapeutic or uniformly enhancing health, greater understanding of possible gender differences in effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Keeshin BR, Cronholm PF, Strawn JR. Physiologic changes associated with violence and abuse exposure: an examination of related medical conditions. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2012; 13:41-56. [PMID: 22186168 DOI: 10.1177/1524838011426152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the extant evidence is replete with data supporting linkages between exposure to violence or abuse and the subsequent development of medical illnesses, the underlying mechanisms of these relationships are poorly defined and understood. Physiologic changes occurring in violence- or abuse-exposed individuals point to potentially common biological pathways connecting traumatic exposures with medical outcomes. Herein, the evidence describing the long-term physiologic changes in abuse- and violence-exposed populations and associated medical illnesses are reviewed. Current data support that (a) specific neurobiochemical changes are associated with exposure to violence and abuse; (b) several biological pathways have the potential to lead to the development of future illness; and (c) common physiologic mechanisms may moderate the severity, phenomenology, or clinical course of medical illnesses in individuals with histories of exposure to violence or abuse. Importantly, additional work is needed to advance our emerging understanding of the biological mechanisms connecting exposure to violence and abuse and negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks R Keeshin
- Mayerson Center for Safe and Healthy Children, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Ober C, Vercelli D. Gene-environment interactions in human disease: nuisance or opportunity? Trends Genet 2011; 27:107-15. [PMID: 21216485 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental risk factors for common, complex human diseases have been revealed by epidemiologic studies, but how genotypes at specific loci modulate individual responses to environmental risk factors is largely unknown. Gene-environment interactions will be missed in genome-wide association studies and could account for some of the 'missing heritability' for these diseases. In this review, we focus on asthma as a model disease for studying gene-environment interactions because of relatively large numbers of candidate gene-environment interactions with asthma risk in the literature. Identifying these interactions using genome-wide approaches poses formidable methodological problems, and elucidating molecular mechanisms for these interactions has been challenging. We suggest that studying gene-environment interactions in animal models, although more tractable, might not be sufficient to shed light on the genetic architecture of human diseases. Lastly, we propose avenues for future studies to find gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, 920 E. 58th Street, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Wright RJ. Perinatal stress and early life programming of lung structure and function. Biol Psychol 2010; 84:46-56. [PMID: 20080145 PMCID: PMC2888999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxins during critical periods of prenatal and/or postnatal development may alter the normal course of lung morphogenesis and maturation, potentially resulting in changes that affect both structure and function of the respiratory system. Moreover, these early effects may persist into adult life magnifying the potential public health impact. Aberrant or excessive pro-inflammatory immune responses, occurring both locally and systemically, that result in inflammatory damage to the airway are a central determinant of lung structure-function changes throughout life. Disruption of neuroendocrine function in early development, specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, may alter functional status of the immune system. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) function (sympathovagal imbalance) is another integral component of airway function and immunity in childhood. This overview discusses the evidence linking psychological factors to alterations in these interrelated physiological processes that may, in turn, influence childhood lung function and identifies gaps in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J Wright
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of depressive symptoms with respect to respiratory function in middle-aged men. Chronic lung diseases are associated with a high prevalence of depression, but the association of poor respiratory function with depressive symptoms has not been established in prospective population-based cohort studies. METHODS In a prospective, population-based cohort study with up to 30 years of follow-up, we included 1205 men aged 50 to 69 years from Finland (n = 663) and Italy (n = 542). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow in 0.75 sec (FEV(0.75)) in 1970 were analyzed in relationship to depressive symptoms (by Zung self-rating depression scale [SDS]) in 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000, using multilevel regression models. Subsequent analyses were done separately in the strata with (n = 501) and without (n = 704) chronic diseases in 1970 (i.e., chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes mellitus). RESULTS Poor respiratory function was associated independently with steeper increases in depressive symptoms over time, both for FVC (p < .001) and FEV(0.75) (p = .004). In participants without chronic diseases, a standard deviation (SD) increase in FVC was associated with a 1.1-point decrease (standard error [SE] = 0.4) in Zung SDS (p = .01) and a 1.5-point decrease (SE = 0.4) (p < .001) in participants with chronic diseases (p = .27 for interaction). Low FEV(0.75) was associated with more depressive symptoms in participants with chronic diseases (1.7 SE 0.4 decrease per SD; p < .001), but not in participants without chronic diseases (0.6 SE 0.4 decrease per SD; p = .16; p = .008 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS Small lung volumes were associated with an increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms at old age, especially in persons with chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes mellitus at baseline.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether the level of hostility predicted the rate of cognitive decline in a community of older blacks and whites and whether the association varied as a function of race. METHODS Over 4800 persons from a defined community in Chicago completed up to three structured interviews at approximately 3 year intervals over a period of up to 8.8 years (mean = 4.4 years). At the baseline interview, hostility was assessed with 8-items from the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. Cognitive function was assessed at each interview with four cognitive function tests from which a composite measure of cognition was formed. Mixed effects models were used to assess change in cognition and its relation to hostility, controlling for age, sex, education, and race. RESULTS The average score on the hostility scale at baseline was 3.0 (SD = 2.1). Higher levels of hostility were associated with lower cognitive scores (estimate = -0.028, SE = 0.004, p < .001). Cognition declined at a rate of 0.051 U per year on average, but hostility was not related to the rate of decline. Results were unchanged after controlling for depressive symptoms, chronic health, neuroticism, and social and cognitive activity patterns, or when persons with cognitive impairment at baseline were excluded. The association was similar in blacks and whites. CONCLUSION The results suggest that hostility is associated with level of cognitive function in older persons but not related to cognitive decline.
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Skloot GS, Schechter CB, Herbert R, Moline JM, Levin SM, Crowley LE, Luft BJ, Udasin IG, Enright PL. Longitudinal Assessment of Spirometry in the World Trade Center Medical Monitoring Program. Chest 2009; 135:492-498. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.08-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Ritz T, Kullowatz A, Bobb C, Dahme B, Magnussen H, Kanniess F, Steptoe A. Psychological triggers and hyperventilation symptoms in asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 100:426-32. [PMID: 18517073 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotal accounts have identified hyperventilation as one route through which psychological factors can trigger bronchoconstriction. However, little is known about the empirical association between psychological and other trigger factors and hyperventilation in asthma exacerbations. OBJECTIVE To study the cross-sectional association between perceived triggers and hyperventilation symptoms in 1 British and 1 German sample of patients with asthma who were recruited from the community and from primary care clinics. METHOD Patients completed relevant language versions of the Asthma Trigger Inventory and the Asthma Symptom Checklist. RESULTS After controlling for demographics and asthma severity, perceived asthma triggers measured by subscales of the Asthma Trigger Inventory explained 12.5% to 37.3% of the variance in Asthma Symptom Checklist hyperventilation-hypocapnia symptoms. Psychological triggers accounted for 10.6% to 26.7% of the variance alone and 4.3% to 11.0% of the variance over and above other trigger factors. In contrast, perceived animal and pollen allergen triggers did not contribute unique variance to the hyperventilation symptom report. Psychological triggers did not explain variance in classic airway obstruction symptoms, thus arguing against a general bias toward inflated symptom reports in patients with psychologically induced asthma. CONCLUSION Differences in perceived asthma triggers are substantially associated with hyperventilation symptoms, and patients with more frequent psychological triggers also tend to report that they experience more hyperventilation symptoms during their asthma symptom episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic psychosocial stressors, including violence, and neuropsychological and behavioral development in children as well as physiologic alterations that may lead to broader health effects. METHODS We studied the relationship between violence and childhood lung function in a prospective birth cohort of 313 urban children (age range = 6-7 years). Mothers reported on their child's lifetime exposure to community violence (ETV) and interparental conflict in the home (Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS)) within 1 year of the lung function assessment. RESULTS In linear regression analyses, adjusting for maternal education, child's age, race, birthweight, tobacco smoke exposure, and medical history, girls in the highest CTS verbal aggression tertile had a 5.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = -9.6, -1.5) decrease in percent predicted forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)) and a 5.4% (95% CI = -9.7, -1.1) decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) compared with girls in the lowest tertile. The CTS verbal aggression subscale was associated with lung function among boys in the same direction, albeit this was not statistically significant. Boys in the highest ETV tertile had a 3.4% (95% CI = -8.0, 1.1) lower FEV(1) and 5.3% lower FVC (95% CI = -10.2, -0.4) compared with boys in the lowest tertile. The ETV score was not a significant predictor of girls' lung function. CONCLUSIONS Interparental conflict, specifically verbal aggression, and ETV were associated with decreased childhood lung function independent of socioeconomic status, tobacco smoke exposure, birthweight, and respiratory illness history. Gender differences were noted based on the type of violence exposure, which may warrant further exploration.
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Uhlemann C. Wie die Lunge die Lebenskraft bestimmt. Complement Med Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1159/000104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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