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van Schalkwyk MCI, Collin J, Eddleston M, Petticrew M, Pearson M, Schölin L, Maani N, Konradsen F, Gunnell D, Knipe D. Conceptualising the commercial determinants of suicide: broadening the lens on suicide and self-harm prevention. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:363-370. [PMID: 37019125 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is preventable, yet, in many settings, robust suicide prevention strategies have not been implemented. Although a commercial determinants of health lens is increasingly being applied to industries important to the field of suicide prevention, the interplay between the vested interests of commercial actors and suicide has received little attention. There is a need to shift attention to the causes of the causes, directing more focus to the ways that commercial determinants influence suicide and shape suicide prevention strategies. Such a shift in perspective, with an evidence base and precedents to draw upon, has transformative potential for research and policy agendas dedicated to understanding and addressing upstream modifiable determinants of suicide and self-harm. We propose a framework intended to help guide efforts to conceptualise, research, and address the commercial determinants of suicide and their inequitable distribution. We hope these ideas and lines of inquiry help to catalyse connections between disciplines and open further debate and discussion as to how to take such an agenda forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- May C I van Schalkwyk
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Jeff Collin
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Prevention Research Partnership SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Michael Eddleston
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Prevention Research Partnership SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Melissa Pearson
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Schölin
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nason Maani
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Prevention Research Partnership SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Flemming Konradsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Gunnell
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Duleeka Knipe
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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2
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Isorna Folgar M, Burillo-Putze G, José Villanueva-Blasco V. Captura corporativa, fake news procannabis y posición de los consumidores ante su regulación. Glob Health Promot 2022; 30:95-104. [PMID: 35897158 DOI: 10.1177/17579759221107604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RESUMEN Introducción. La captura corporativa es el proceso en el que las decisiones políticas responden a un interés particular de carácter privado, en detrimento del interés público. La industria del cannabis ha desarrollado estrategias de captura de políticas y de difusión de fake news (noticias falsas) con el objeto de fomentar una visión del cannabis como sustancia inocua e, incluso, sanadora de enfermedades, promoviendo así una buena imagen de esta sustancia, de las corporaciones y consumidores, presionando para su legalización. OBJETIVOS (1) Analizar las estrategias de difusión de mensajes y fake news promotoras del cultivo, consumo y regulación del cannabis a través de distintos canales, y (2) explorar el posicionamiento frente al debate legislativo sobre esta sustancia en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios consumidores de cannabis. Metodología. (1) Estudio de carácter exploratorio para identificar y analizar las estrategias de la industria y, (2) estudio no probabilístico con muestreo por conveniencia mediante encuesta telemática difundida entre estudiantes de 11 universidades españolas (439 participantes). Resultados y conclusiones. La promoción del cultivo y del consumo de cannabis, relativizando sus efectos perjudiciales y presentándolo como una sustancia medicinal, aparece en las distintas estrategias utilizadas por la industria para difundir una imagen positiva del cannabis y de los consumidores. Estos mensajes tienen correspondencia con el posicionamiento de los consumidores, de los que el 82.6 % apoya alguna forma de regulación del cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Isorna Folgar
- Facultad de Educación y Trabajo Social, Campus As Lagoas, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, España
| | - Guillermo Burillo-Putze
- Área de Toxicología Clínica, Servicio de Urgencias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, España
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3
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Rotering T, Apollonio DE. Cannabis industry lobbying in the Colorado state legislature in fiscal years 2010-2021. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 102:103585. [PMID: 35085854 PMCID: PMC9632648 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cannabis industry has an interest in creating a regulatory environment which maximizes profits at the cost of public health, similar to the tobacco, alcohol, and food industries. This study sought to describe the cannabis industry's lobbying activities in the Colorado State Legislature over time. METHODS This retrospective observational study analyzed publicly available lobbying expenditures data from fiscal years (FY) 2010-2021. Measures included inflation-adjusted monthly lobbying expenditures by funder and lobbyist, origin of funding, and lobbyist descriptions of cannabis industry clients. This dataset was supplemented with business license documentation, legislative histories, and public testimony. RESULTS The cannabis industry spent over $7 million (inflation adjusted) from FY 2010-2021 to lobby the Colorado legislature on 367 bills. Over $800,000 (11% of total cannabis spending) was from out-of-state clients. In 48% of lobbyist reports lobbyists did not disclose their funder's cannabis affiliation, and cannabis organizations used strategies that may have obscured the true amount and source of funding. Lobbyists and agencies concurrently represented the alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis industries, possibly facilitating inter-industry alliances when interests align. CONCLUSION The cannabis industry dedicated significant resources towards lobbying the Colorado State Legislature on behalf of policies intended to increase cannabis use. Creating transparency about the relationships between the cannabis industry, related industries, and policymakers is essential to ensure appropriate regulation of cannabis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rotering
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, UCSF Clinical Sciences Box 0622, 521 Parnassus Avenue, Floor 3 Room 3303, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dorie E Apollonio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, UCSF Clinical Sciences Box 0622, 521 Parnassus Avenue, Floor 3 Room 3303, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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4
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Haupt MR, Xu Q, Yang J, Cai M, Mackey TK. Characterizing Vaping Industry Political Influence and Mobilization on Facebook: Social Network Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28069. [PMID: 34714245 PMCID: PMC8590191 DOI: 10.2196/28069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In response to recent policy efforts to regulate tobacco and vaping products, the vaping industry has been aggressive in mobilizing opposition by using a network of manufacturers, trade associations, and tobacco user communities, and by appealing to the general public. One strategy the alternative tobacco industry uses to mobilize political action is coordinating on social media platforms, such as the social networking site Facebook. However, few studies have specifically assessed how platforms such as Facebook are used to influence public sentiment and attitudes towards tobacco control policy. Objective This study used social network analysis to examine how the alternative tobacco industry uses Facebook to mobilize online users to influence tobacco control policy outcomes with a focus on the state of California. Methods Data were collected from local and national alternative tobacco Facebook groups that had affiliations with activities in the state of California. Network ties were constructed based on users’ reactions to posts (eg, “like” and “love”) and comments to characterize political mobilization networks. Results Findings show that alternative tobacco industry employees were more likely to engage within these networks and that these employees were also more likely to be influential members (ie, be more active) in the network. Comparisons between subnetworks show that communication within the local alternative tobacco advocacy group network was less dense and more centralized in contrast to a national advocacy group that had overall higher levels of engagement among members. A timeline analysis found that a higher number of influential posts that disseminated widely across networks occurred during e-cigarette–related legislative events, suggesting strategic online engagement and increased mobilization of online activity for the purposes of influencing policy outcomes. Conclusions Results from this study provide important insights into how tobacco industry–related advocacy groups leverage the Facebook platform to mobilize their online constituents in an effort to influence public perceptions and coordinate to defeat tobacco control efforts at the local, state, and federal level. Study results reveal one part of a vast network of socially enabled alternative tobacco industry actors and constituents that use Facebook as a mobilization point to support goals of the alternative tobacco industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Robert Haupt
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Qing Xu
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Healthcare Research and Policy, University of California, San Diego Extension, La Jolla, CA, United States.,S-3 Research, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Yang
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Mingxiang Cai
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Healthcare Research and Policy, University of California, San Diego Extension, La Jolla, CA, United States.,S-3 Research, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tim K Mackey
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States.,S-3 Research, San Diego, CA, United States.,Global Health Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Goel S, Kar SS, Verma M, Sivanantham P, Naik BN, Gupta D. Evidence on article 5.3 of FCTC (tobacco industry interference in tobacco control activities) in India- a qualitative scoping study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1855. [PMID: 34649546 PMCID: PMC8515702 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tobacco Industry (henceforth TI) yearns to portray itself as being "socially responsible" and fights for the decision-making positions; that are it used to deter, delay or dilute tobacco control measures. There is little documented evidence of Tobacco Industry Interference (henceforth TII) from India, the scope of their interference and challenges faced by the experts for effective tobacco control. This research study seeks to cover this significant gap in the literature on the TI of India. METHODS A cross-sectional qualitative research design, based upon in-depth interviews (N = 26), was used to explore the key stakeholders' opinions regarding TII in India. The interviews used a set of questions to collect information about the participant's roles and responsibilities in tobacco control, the nature of TII faced by the participants, means of influence by TI, barriers and challenges to tobacco control efforts. RESULTS Most of the respondents were engaged in tobacco control, training, advocacy and awareness generation activities for 5-10 years or more. The respondents defined the TI and its scope as per their experience with the help of the power ranking methodology. Most of them perceived TI as 'manufacturers' while others consider them as 'advertisers', 'public relation companies', 'wholesalers', 'vendors', and 'Government firms with TI stocks. The research team identified six significant domains: influencing the policy and administrative decisions, Interference in the implementation of tobacco control laws and activities, false propaganda and hiding the truth, manipulating front action groups (FAG), rampant tobacco advertising and promotion activities and others under which TII activities were classified. Most respondents believed that TI players were interfering in the policy decisions, implementing the tobacco control laws and activities and manipulating the FAG. A detailed taxonomic classification of the TII strategies that emerged from our analysis was linked to article 5.3 of FCTC. CONCLUSIONS The study documented a significant level of TII in different domains, with stakeholders acting at various hierarchical levels. Thus providing insight into the tactics of the TI in order to enable stakeholders to anticipate and pre-empt the kinds of alliances the TI may attempt to build; stimulating academicians and researchers to undertake in-depth analysis into various strategies and therefore underscoring the need to ensuring transparency in official interaction with the TI and its representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
- Public Health Masters Program at School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab India
| | - Parthibane Sivanantham
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Bijay Nanda Naik
- Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Patna, India
| | - Deepti Gupta
- Department of English and Cultural Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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VAN Schalkwyk MC, Maani N, Cohen J, McKee M, Petticrew M. Our Postpandemic World: What Will It Take to Build a Better Future for People and Planet? Milbank Q 2021; 99:467-502. [PMID: 33783865 PMCID: PMC8241272 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Despite the pandemic's ongoing devastating impacts, it also offers the opportunity and lessons for building a better, fairer, and sustainable world. Transformational change will require new ways of working, challenging powerful individuals and industries who worsened the crisis, will act to exploit it for personal gain, and will work to ensure that the future aligns with their interests. A flourishing world needs strong and equitable structures and systems, including strengthened democratic, research, and educational institutions, supported by ideas and discourses that are free of opaque and conflicted influence and that challenge the status quo and inequitable distribution of power.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ci VAN Schalkwyk
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - Nason Maani
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.,School of Public Health, Boston University
| | | | - Martin McKee
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
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7
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Mlinarić M, Hoffmann L, Kunst AE, Schreuders M, Willemsen MC, Moor I, Richter M. Explaining Mechanisms That Influence Smoke-Free Implementation at the Local Level: A Realist Review of Smoking Bans. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:1609-1620. [PMID: 30285126 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While studies have been undertaken to understand the adoption of outdoor and indoor smoking bans, not much is known about why implementation of smoke-free (SF) environments differs at local levels. As most European countries remain at the level of indoor bans, we aim to translate existing evidence into practical recommendations on how to improve SF (outdoor) implementation within European municipalities. METHODS We applied six methodological steps of a realist review consistent with the RAMESES publication standards for realist syntheses. Literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science. In total, 3829 references were screened, of which 43 were synthesized. Studies dating from 2004 to 2015 with rigor evidence of SF implementation at the local level were selected. Implementation outcomes were SF enforcement, monitoring, nonsmoking compliance, and public support in cities. RESULTS The explanatory realist framework links four innovation stages with three context-mechanism-outcome (CMO)configurations. We identified "triggering trust," "increasing priorities," and "limiting opposing interests" as underlying mechanisms, when (1) establishing, (2) developing, (3) contesting, and (4) implementing local smoking bans. The CMO propositions (CMOs) support practical recommendations, such as (1) providing authorities with local data when establishing and developing bans, (2) developing long-term strategies and implementing state-funded SF programs to prioritize sustained enforcement, and (3) limiting opposing interests through the use of the child protection frame. CONCLUSIONS This is the first realist review on the implementation of SF enviroments at the local level. The process-oriented theory explains how and why CMOs determine SF development in cities and municipalities from planning until implementation. IMPLICATIONS In 2015, only 16% of the world's population lived under the jurisdiction of comprehensive SF laws. The findings of this realist review are useful to implement WHO goals of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and specifically SF environments at more local levels and to adjust them to specific contextual circumstances. This paper unpacks three mechanisms that could be triggered by SF strategies developed at local levels and that can result in improved policy implementation. Such evidence is needed to enhance SF strategies at the level of cities and municipalities and to achieve WHO "Healthy Cities Network" objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mlinarić
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laura Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schreuders
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Willemsen
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI-Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Expertise Center for Tobacco Control (NET), Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Moor
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Hafez AY, Gonzalez M, Kulik MC, Vijayaraghavan M, Glantz SA. Uneven Access to Smoke-Free Laws and Policies and Its Effect on Health Equity in the United States: 2000-2019. Am J Public Health 2019; 109:1568-1575. [PMID: 31536405 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco control measures have played an important role in the reduction of the cigarette smoking prevalence among US adults.However, although overall smoking prevalence has declined, it remains high among many subpopulations that are disproportionately burdened by tobacco use, resulting in tobacco-related health disparities. Slow diffusion of smoke-free laws to rural regions, particularly in the South and Southeast, and uneven adoption of voluntary policies in single-family homes and multiunit housing are key policy variables associated with the disproportionate burden of tobacco-related health disparities in these subpopulations.Developing policies that expand the reach of comprehensive smoke-free laws not only will facilitate the decline in smoking prevalence among subpopulations disproportionately burdened by tobacco use but will also decrease exposure to secondhand smoke and further reduce tobacco-caused health disparities in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Hafez
- Amy Y. Hafez and Stanton A. Glantz are with the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco. Mariaelena Gonzalez is with the School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, University of California, Merced. Margarete C. Kulik is with the Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Maya Vijayaraghavan is with the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Mariaelena Gonzalez
- Amy Y. Hafez and Stanton A. Glantz are with the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco. Mariaelena Gonzalez is with the School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, University of California, Merced. Margarete C. Kulik is with the Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Maya Vijayaraghavan is with the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Margarete C Kulik
- Amy Y. Hafez and Stanton A. Glantz are with the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco. Mariaelena Gonzalez is with the School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, University of California, Merced. Margarete C. Kulik is with the Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Maya Vijayaraghavan is with the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Maya Vijayaraghavan
- Amy Y. Hafez and Stanton A. Glantz are with the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco. Mariaelena Gonzalez is with the School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, University of California, Merced. Margarete C. Kulik is with the Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Maya Vijayaraghavan is with the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stanton A Glantz
- Amy Y. Hafez and Stanton A. Glantz are with the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco. Mariaelena Gonzalez is with the School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, University of California, Merced. Margarete C. Kulik is with the Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Maya Vijayaraghavan is with the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco
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Houghton F, Houghton S, Doherty DO, McInerney D, Duncan B. 'Greenwashing' tobacco products through ecological and social/equity labelling: A potential threat to tobacco control. Tob Prev Cessat 2018; 4:37. [PMID: 32411863 PMCID: PMC7205140 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/99674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There has been significant growth in ecological/environmental labelling of products and services internationally in recent years. Such efforts have become an integral element of the marketing strategies used by many firms. Concerns have been raised, however, that for some companies, this is little more than 'greenwashing', i.e. a cynical attempt to boost sales without any meaningful underlying sensitivity or change, in practice. Given the extremely negative track record of the global tobacco industry (Big Tobacco), it is essential that health policy makers and anti-smoking campaigners closely monitor this industry's attempts to exploit both growing environmental concerns among consumers and gaps in legislation. Although there is relatively strong legislation in some countries, to prohibit suggestions that cigarettes may be environment friendly, a further tightening of legislation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Houghton
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Diane O’ Doherty
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Derek McInerney
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Limerick, Ireland
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10
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Adebiyi AO, Popoola OA. A Qualitative Analysis of Selected Stakeholders’ Viewpoints on Tobacco Control in Nigeria. Health Promot Pract 2018; 19:560-565. [DOI: 10.1177/1524839917737732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nigeria is a signatory to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. However, tobacco control efforts have been fraught with challenges. These challenges cannot be presumed to be independent of tobacco industry manipulation. We examined submissions and viewpoints from prominent tobacco control stakeholders across social, administrative, and political strata to identify convergence with tobacco industry viewpoints. We illustrate how these convergences pose a threat to effective tobacco control in Nigeria. A thematic analysis of stakeholder viewpoints was conducted on submissions to the national assembly during the Tobacco Control Bill public hearings and various industry documents. Areas of convergence with tobacco industry narratives were then explored. Significant convergence in views was observed between government agencies, social groups, and the tobacco industry. These were for narratives on constitution of a National Tobacco Control Committee, use of automated vending machines, designation of smoking areas, report to regulatory agencies, and negative effect of tobacco control on trade and poverty. There was evidence of tobacco industry interference in tobacco control efforts, which manifested in some prominent tobacco control stakeholders adopting the narratives of the tobacco industry. We advocate a constant watchfulness over the activities of these stakeholders and a proactive engagement with evidence-based antitobacco dialogue.
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Abstract
Since e-cigarettes appeared in the mid-2000s, some practitioners, researchers, and policy makers have embraced them as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes and an effective way to stop smoking. While e-cigarettes deliver lower levels of carcinogens than do conventional cigarettes, they still expose users to high levels of ultrafine particles and other toxins that may substantially increase cardiovascular and noncancer lung disease risks, which account for more than half of all smoking-caused deaths, at rates similar to conventional cigarettes. Moreover, rather than stimulating smokers to switch from conventional cigarettes to less dangerous e-cigarettes or quitting altogether, e-cigarettes are reducing smoking cessation rates and expanding the nicotine market by attracting youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanton A Glantz
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;
| | - David W Bareham
- Lincolnshire Community Health Services NHS Trust, Louth, LN11 0EU, United Kingdom;
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Cox E, Barry RA, Glantz S. E-cigarette Policymaking by Local and State Governments: 2009-2014. Milbank Q 2017; 94:520-96. [PMID: 27620685 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cox
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco
| | - Rachel Ann Barry
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco
| | - Stanton Glantz
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco. .,School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco.
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13
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Glantz SA, Rutherford JD. Here Comes Trouble: A Career as a Tobacco Control Activist. Circulation 2017; 135:2214-2217. [PMID: 28584028 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dr Glantz is Professor of Medicine in the Division of Cardiology, the Truth Initiative Distinguished Professor of Tobacco Control, and Director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. He obtained a BSc in aerospace engineering from the University of Cincinnati in 1969 and an MSc and PhD in applied mechanics from Stanford University. He is the author of 4 books, including The Cigarette Papers and Primer of Biostatistics He is also a member of the University of California, San Francisco Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Health Policy Studies and Co-leader of the University of California, San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center Tobacco Program. He was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2005.
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Smith J, Thompson S, Lee K. Death and Taxes: The framing of the causes and policy responses to the illicit tobacco trade in Canadian newspapers. COGENT SOCIAL SCIENCES 2017; 3:1325054. [PMID: 29264373 PMCID: PMC5733801 DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2017.1325054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The illicit tobacco trade accounts for 10% of the global cigarette market and results in US$31 billion in lost tax revenues annually. Despite legal prosecution of tobacco companies, and the introduction of new policy responses, the trade has reached an all-time high. Previous research documents how transnational tobacco companies have sought to influence government responses to the illicit trade in various countries through multiple means, including influencing of news media framing. This paper extends this analysis to Canada where the illicit trade is particularly problematic in scale and political complexity. Articles in Canadian newspapers, published from 2010-2015, were systematically searched (n=177) and analyzed to identify dominant frames, frame sponsors and policy positions related to the illicit tobacco trade. The results show that the most common frames present the issue in ways favourable to the industry. The most common non-governmental sponsors of these frames frequently have links to the tobacco industry, which are rarely disclosed. Findings indicate the need for Canadian media to be critical in its use of data sources amid industry efforts to shape public policy, and the importance of reframing policy discussions in public health terms based on independent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6
| | | | - Kelley Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University
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Ulucanlar S, Fooks GJ, Gilmore AB. The Policy Dystopia Model: An Interpretive Analysis of Tobacco Industry Political Activity. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002125. [PMID: 27649386 PMCID: PMC5029800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco industry interference has been identified as the greatest obstacle to the implementation of evidence-based measures to reduce tobacco use. Understanding and addressing industry interference in public health policy-making is therefore crucial. Existing conceptualisations of corporate political activity (CPA) are embedded in a business perspective and do not attend to CPA's social and public health costs; most have not drawn on the unique resource represented by internal tobacco industry documents. Building on this literature, including systematic reviews, we develop a critically informed conceptual model of tobacco industry political activity. METHODS AND FINDINGS We thematically analysed published papers included in two systematic reviews examining tobacco industry influence on taxation and marketing of tobacco; we included 45 of 46 papers in the former category and 20 of 48 papers in the latter (n = 65). We used a grounded theory approach to build taxonomies of "discursive" (argument-based) and "instrumental" (action-based) industry strategies and from these devised the Policy Dystopia Model, which shows that the industry, working through different constituencies, constructs a metanarrative to argue that proposed policies will lead to a dysfunctional future of policy failure and widely dispersed adverse social and economic consequences. Simultaneously, it uses diverse, interlocking insider and outsider instrumental strategies to disseminate this narrative and enhance its persuasiveness in order to secure its preferred policy outcomes. Limitations are that many papers were historical (some dating back to the 1970s) and focused on high-income regions. CONCLUSIONS The model provides an evidence-based, accessible way of understanding diverse corporate political strategies. It should enable public health actors and officials to preempt these strategies and develop realistic assessments of the industry's claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Ulucanlar
- Department for Health and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J. Fooks
- School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna B. Gilmore
- Department for Health and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Morley
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA 1 Department of Family Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA 1 Department of Family Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Tobacco industry sponsored advocates have a different interpretation of science: a response to: Even anti-tobacco studies must be held to basic scientific standards. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1363-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED POLICY POINTS: The tobacco companies prioritized blocking tobacco-control policies in tobacco-growing states and partnered with tobacco farmers to oppose tobacco-control policies. The 1998 Master Settlement Agreement, which settled state litigation against the cigarette companies, the 2004 tobacco-quota buyout, and the companies' increasing use of foreign tobacco led to a rift between the companies and tobacco farmers. In 2003, the first comprehensive smoke-free local law was passed in a major tobacco-growing state, and there has been steady progress in the region since then. Health advocates should educate the public and policymakers on the changing reality in tobacco-growing states, notably the major reduction in the volume of tobacco produced. CONTEXT The 5 major tobacco-growing states (Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia) are disproportionately affected by the tobacco epidemic, with higher rates of smoking and smoking-induced disease. These states also have fewer smoke-free laws and lower tobacco taxes, 2 evidence-based policies that reduce tobacco use. Historically, the tobacco farmers and hospitality associations allied with the tobacco companies to oppose these policies. METHODS This research is based on 5 detailed case studies of these states, which included key informant interviews, previously secret tobacco industry documents (available at http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu), and media articles. This was supplemented with additional tobacco document and media searches specifically for this article. FINDINGS The tobacco companies were particularly concerned about blocking tobacco-control policies in the tobacco-growing states by promoting a pro-tobacco culture, beginning in the late 1960s. Nevertheless, since 2003, there has been rapid progress in the tobacco-growing states' passage of smoke-free laws. This progress came after the alliance between the tobacco companies and the tobacco farmers fractured and hospitality organizations stopped opposing smoke-free laws. In addition, infrastructure built by National Cancer Institute research projects (COMMIT and ASSIST) led to long-standing tobacco-control coalitions that capitalized on these changes. Although tobacco production has dramatically fallen in these states, pro-tobacco sentiment still hinders tobacco-control policies in the major tobacco-growing states. CONCLUSIONS The environment has changed in the tobacco-growing states, following a fracture of the alliance between the tobacco companies and their former allies (tobacco growers and hospitality organizations). To continue this progress, health advocates should educate the public and policymakers on the changing reality in the tobacco-growing states, notably the great reduction in the number of tobacco farmers as well as in the volume of tobacco produced.
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Friedman LC, Cheyne A, Givelber D, Gottlieb MA, Daynard RA. Tobacco industry use of personal responsibility rhetoric in public relations and litigation: disguising freedom to blame as freedom of choice. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:250-60. [PMID: 25521876 PMCID: PMC4318333 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We examined the tobacco industry's rhetoric to frame personal responsibility arguments. The industry rarely uses the phrase "personal responsibility" explicitly, but rather "freedom of choice." When freedom of choice is used in the context of litigation, the industry means that those who choose to smoke are solely to blame for their injuries. When used in the industry's public relations messages, it grounds its meaning in the concept of liberty and the right to smoke. The courtroom "blame rhetoric" has influenced the industry's larger public relations message to shift responsibility away from the tobacco companies and onto their customers. Understanding the rhetoric and framing that the industry employs is essential to combating this tactic, and we apply this comprehension to other industries that act as disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissy C Friedman
- Lissy C. Friedman and Mark A. Gottlieb are with the Public Health Advocacy Institute, Northeastern University School of Law, Boston, MA. Andrew Cheyne is with Berkeley Media Studies Group, a project of the Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA. Daniel Givelber and Richard A. Daynard are with Northeastern University School of Law
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20
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Lempert LK, Grana R, Glantz SA. The importance of product definitions in US e-cigarette laws and regulations. Tob Control 2014; 25:e44-51. [PMID: 25512432 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How electronic cigarettes and similar products (e-cigarettes) are defined affects how they are regulated, particularly whether existing laws for cigarettes apply, including sales and marketing, youth access, smoke-free and taxation laws. METHODS We examined the text of 46 bills that define e-cigarettes enacted in 40 states and characterised how e-cigarettes and similar products were defined. RESULTS States enact laws creating new product categories for e-cigarettes separate from the 'tobacco product' category (eg, 'alternative nicotine product,' 'vapour product,' 'electronic nicotine device'), with four states explicitly excluding e-cigarettes from 'tobacco products.' Twenty-eight states do not include e-cigarettes in their definitions of 'tobacco products' or 'smoking,' eight include e-cigarettes as 'tobacco products,' three include e-cigarettes in 'smoking.' Sixteen states' definitions of e-cigarettes require nicotine, and five states pre-empt more stringent local laws. Tobacco and e-cigarette industry representatives tried to shape laws that benefit their interests. CONCLUSIONS Definitions separating e-cigarettes from other tobacco products are common. Similar to past 'Trojan horse' policies, e-cigarette policies that initially appear to restrict sales (eg, limit youth access) may actually undermine regulation if they establish local pre-emption or create definitions that divide e-cigarettes from other tobacco products. Comparable issues are raised by the European Union Tobacco Products Directive and e-cigarette regulations in other countries. Policymakers should carefully draft legislation with definitions of e-cigarettes that broadly define the products, do not require nicotine or tobacco, do not pre-empt stronger regulations and explicitly include e-cigarettes in smoke-free and taxation laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Lempert
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel Grana
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stanton A Glantz
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Benson P. Corporate Paternalism and the Problem of Harmful Products. POLAR-POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANTHROPOLOGY REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/plar.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Harris JK, Moreland-Russell S, Choucair B, Mansour R, Staub M, Simmons K. Tweeting for and against public health policy: response to the Chicago Department of Public Health's electronic cigarette Twitter campaign. J Med Internet Res 2014; 16:e238. [PMID: 25320863 PMCID: PMC4210950 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In January 2014, the Chicago City Council scheduled a vote on local regulation of electronic cigarettes as tobacco products. One week prior to the vote, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) released a series of messages about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) through its Twitter account. Shortly after the messages, or tweets, were released, the department's Twitter account became the target of a "Twitter bomb" by Twitter users sending more than 600 tweets in one week against the proposed regulation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to examine the messages and tweet patterns in the social media response to the CDPH e-cigarette campaign. METHODS We collected all tweets mentioning the CDPH in the week between the e-cigarette campaign and the vote on the new local e-cigarette policy. We conducted a content analysis of the tweets, used descriptive statistics to examine characteristics of involved Twitter users, and used network visualization and descriptive statistics to identify Twitter users prominent in the conversation. RESULTS Of the 683 tweets mentioning CDPH during the week, 609 (89.2%) were anti-policy. More than half of anti-policy tweets were about use of electronic cigarettes for cessation as a healthier alternative to combustible cigarettes (358/609, 58.8%). Just over one-third of anti-policy tweets asserted that the health department was lying or disseminating propaganda (224/609, 36.8%). Approximately 14% (96/683, 14.1%) of the tweets used an account or included elements consistent with "astroturfing"-a strategy employed to promote a false sense of consensus around an idea. Few Twitter users were from the Chicago area; Twitter users from Chicago were significantly more likely than expected to tweet in support of the policy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may assist public health organizations to anticipate, recognize, and respond to coordinated social media campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenine K Harris
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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Talias MA, Savva CS, Soteriades ES, Lazuras L. The effect of smoke-free policies on hospitality industry revenues in Cyprus: an econometric approach. Tob Control 2014; 24:e199-204. [PMID: 25293955 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoke-free policies aiming to improve quality of indoor air and significantly reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in the hospitality industry are faced with strong opposition from the tobacco industry and hospitality venue owners claiming that they lead to reductions of revenues. The objective of our study was to examine the impact of a recently introduced smoke-free legislation on the revenues of the hospitality industry in Cyprus. METHODS Anonymous information on revenues was obtained from the Cyprus government value added tax office for the entire hospitality industry in Cyprus including hotels, bars, restaurants and cafeterias between 2005 and 2011. Panel data methodology was used to examine the effect of a smoke-free legislation, on tourism, businesses' revenues adjusting for gross domestic product, inflation, unemployment rate, tourists' arrivals, seasonal variation and the economic crisis. RESULTS Our study showed that the implementation of the smoke-free policy did not have negative effects on the hospitality industry profitability. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that even in regions with relatively high smoking rates, pro-smoking societal attitudes and weak social norms against tobacco control, and even during periods of economic crisis, smoke-free legislation does not impact negatively on hospitality industry revenues and if anything may lead to a small positive increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Talias
- Postgraduate Healthcare Management Program, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos S Savva
- Department of Commerce, Finance and Shipping, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Elpidoforos S Soteriades
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Biomedical Sciences (CIBS), Nicosia, Cyprus Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and epidemiology (EOME), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lambros Lazuras
- South East European Research Centre (SEERC), Thessaloniki, Greece
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grana
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education (R.G., N.B., S.A.G.) and Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute (N.B., S.A.G.), University of California, San Francisco
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Mejia P, Dorfman L, Cheyne A, Nixon L, Friedman L, Gottlieb M, Daynard R. The origins of personal responsibility rhetoric in news coverage of the tobacco industry. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:1048-51. [PMID: 24825205 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco industry consistently frames smoking as a personal issue rather than the responsibility of cigarette companies. To identify when personal responsibility framing became a major element of the tobacco industry's discourse, we analyzed news coverage from 1966 to 1991. Industry representatives began to regularly use these arguments in 1977. By the mid 1980s, this frame dominated the industry's public arguments. This chronology illustrates that the tobacco industry's use of personal responsibility rhetoric in public preceded the ascension of personal responsibility rhetoric commonly associated with the Reagan Administration in the 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mejia
- Pamela Mejia, Lori Dorfman, Andrew Cheyne, and Laura Nixon are with Berkeley Media Studies Group, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA. Lissy Friedman, Mark Gottlieb, and Richard Daynard are with Public Health Advocacy Institute, Boston, MA
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Brown J, Michie S, Raupach T, West R. Should public health bodies stop commissioning research from market research companies that serve the tobacco industry? Addiction 2014; 109:1-2. [PMID: 23998918 DOI: 10.1111/add.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Brown
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
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Dorfman L, Cheyne A, Gottlieb MA, Mejia P, Nixon L, Friedman LC, Daynard RA. Cigarettes become a dangerous product: tobacco in the rearview mirror, 1952-1965. Am J Public Health 2013; 104:37-46. [PMID: 24228675 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco control's unparalleled success comes partly from advocates broadening the focus of responsibility beyond the smoker to include industry and government. To learn how this might apply to other issues, we examined how early tobacco control events were framed in news, legislative testimony, and internal tobacco industry documents. Early debate about tobacco is stunning for its absence of the personal responsibility rhetoric prominent today, focused instead on the health harms from cigarettes. The accountability of government, rather than the industry or individual smokers, is mentioned often; solutions focused not on whether government had a responsibility to act, but on how to act. Tobacco lessons can guide advocates fighting the food and beverage industry, but must be reinterpreted in current political contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Dorfman
- Lori Dorfman, Andrew Cheyne, Pamela Mejia, and Laura Nixon are with Berkeley Media Studies Group, a project of the Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA. Mark A. Gottlieb and Lissy C. Friedman are with the Public Health Advocacy Institute, Boston, MA. Richard A. Daynard is with Northeastern University School of Law, Boston, MA
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Glantz SA. Israel is failing to protect its citizens from secondhand smoke: underestimating public support. Isr J Health Policy Res 2013; 2:24. [PMID: 23805997 PMCID: PMC3702447 DOI: 10.1186/2045-4015-2-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rather than clearly and unequivocally requiring 100% smokefree workplaces and public places (including restaurants, bars and other entertainment venues), Israeli law contains several elements that parallel the tobacco companies’ “accommodation” program, which is designed to maintain the social acceptability of smoking and protect industry profits. Rather than 100% smokefree workplaces, smoking is permitted in private offices despite the fact that it then wafts throughout the building. Bars and pubs are allowed to set aside a quarter of their space for smokers, as long as it is in a separate room, and this explains the dangerous levels of secondhand smoke air pollution in Israeli bars and pubs. The weaknesses in the current Israeli laws are sending Israeli citizens to the hospital for secondhand smoke-induced heart attacks, asthma and other diseases. The Israeli government needs to catch up with the rest of the developed world and enact and implement a strong smokefree law. This is a commentary on http://www.ijhpr.org/content/2/1/20/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanton A Glantz
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA.
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