1
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Burrell K, Sutton-Walker G, England GCW, Burford JH, Freeman SL. Prospective case study of critical decision making for horses referred for treatment of colic. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3615. [PMID: 37990604 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence on factors affecting critical decision making for horses with colic. This study's aim was to describe the assessment and decision making involved in horses referred for management of colic. METHODS An in-depth case analysis was used to document case presentation, decision making and outcomes for horses referred for colic to two UK equine veterinary practices over a 12-month period. The data recorded included previous history, presenting signs, response to treatment, case outcome and factors affecting decisions for further treatment or euthanasia. RESULTS Data were available for 60 cases: 55 were hospitalised for medical or surgical treatment and five horses were euthanased following initial assessment. The main factors affecting treatment decisions were severity of clinical signs (80%, 47/59), financial concerns (10%, 6/59) and ongoing health issues or previous history of colic (5%, 3/59). Factors associated with euthanasia decisions were postoperative complications (5/18), poor prognosis (4/18), deteriorating clinical signs (3/18) and financial concerns (3/18). LIMITATION The limited study population may affect the extent to which the findings can be generalised. CONCLUSION The severity of clinical signs was the key factor in treatment decision making. The main factors affecting euthanasia decisions were clinical deterioration, poor prognosis and financial constraints. These findings should be incorporated into clinical case recording to capture the multifactorial nature of decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Burrell
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Georgina Sutton-Walker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Gary C W England
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - John H Burford
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Sarah L Freeman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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2
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Elte Y, Wolframm I, van Grevenhof I, Nielen M, van Weeren R. Survey-based investigation of sports and leisure horse owners' approaches to, and expectations of, equine veterinary care. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e4197. [PMID: 38809578 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Client satisfaction depends on the balance between expectations and service experience. Previous research identified seven aspects of equine veterinary professional conduct that are important for client satisfaction: quality of care, quality of service, horsemanship, transfer of knowledge, financial aspects, interpersonal skills and professionalism. METHODS By employing a cross-sectional study design through a survey-based investigation, horse owners' initial contact preferences and their perceptions of the importance of various aspects of veterinary care in different scenarios were explored. Categories included professional versus amateur and competitive versus non-competitive horse owners. Quantitative data analysis was performed. RESULTS Data from 1153 participants revealed that horse owners promptly contacted veterinarians for colic (92.7%) but delayed for lameness (51.8%) and pre-purchase examinations (63.0%). Overall, quality of care emerged as the most important aspect of veterinary care for horse owners, with financial aspects considered least important. Competitive and professional horse owners prioritised financial aspects and professionalism, whereas non-professional and non-competitive horse owners prioritised quality of care and interpersonal skills (p < 0.005). LIMITATIONS Survey distribution relied on a snowball effect, internet access was necessary and the study exclusively represents the Western equine community. Potential bias should be acknowledged. CONCLUSION The perceived importance of various aspects of veterinary care varies depending on the nature of the consultation and the horse owner type. Tailoring veterinary services can improve client satisfaction by aligning with diverse expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yteke Elte
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inga Wolframm
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Velp, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse van Grevenhof
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Velp, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Nielen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Fikri F, Hendrawan D, Wicaksono AP, Purnomo A, Khairani S, Chhetri S, Purnama MTE, Çalışkan H. Colic incidence, risk factors, and therapeutic management in a working horse population in Tuban, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:963-972. [PMID: 38911082 PMCID: PMC11188878 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.963-972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Colic is the primary problem affecting equestrian care worldwide. The primary cause of colic is digestive diseases; however, they can also affect organs from different systems in the abdominal region. In addition to a prior history of the disease and its treatment, risk factors may be assessed to determine the etiology of the disease in horses without or with a history of colic. This study aimed to present a summary of the incidence, risk factors, and medical procedures for colic in horses. Materials and Methods Based on owner reports, 223 horses in Tuban, Indonesia, suspected of having colic were investigated. During the investigation of clinical parameters, investigators went door-to-door with interested horse owners to gather information about potential risk factors related to equine colic. Information on horses diagnosed with colic was obtained from the medical records of treatment. A Chi-square test was used to investigate the potential association between the risk factors, medical protocol, and the outcome of colic in horses. Results Of the 187 cases, spasmodic colic was the most common (48.13%), but 17 (9.09%) had no definitive diagnosis. Poor body condition scores (χ2 = 58.73; p < 0.001), wheat bran feeding (χ2 = 26.79; p < 0.001), concentrate (χ2 = 10.66; p < 0.01), less access to water (χ2 = 128.24; p < 0.001), recurrence of colic (χ2 = 85.64; p < 0.001), no deworming program (χ2 = 54.76; p < 0.001), the presence of gastrointestinal parasites (χ2 = 56.79; p < 0.001), stressed physical activity (χ2 = 28.53; p < 0.001), and summer season (χ2 = 7.83; p < 0.01) were the risk factors for colic. We further reported that 185 (98.93%) patients who received the following medical interventions recovered: injection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was necessary, Vitamin B complex (χ2 = 39.98; p < 0.001), fluid therapy (χ2 = 92.99; p < 0.001), and gastric intubation (χ2 = 4.09; p < 0.05). Conclusion The importance of colic was demonstrated in 187 (83.86%) of the 223 horses investigated in Tuban, Indonesia, documented. In this study, recommendations for medical procedures when colic risk factors have been determined are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Fikri
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
| | - Dodit Hendrawan
- Animal Health Division, Indonesian Horse Veterinarian Association, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Agus Purnomo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shafia Khairani
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shekhar Chhetri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Punakha, Bhutan
| | - Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Çalışkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, Türkiye
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4
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Long AE, Southwood LL, Morris TB, Brandly JE, Stefanovski D. Use of multiple admission variables better predicts intestinal strangulation in horses with colic than peritoneal or the ratio of peritoneal:blood l-lactate concentration. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:437-448. [PMID: 37539736 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of strangulating obstruction (SO) in horses with colic improves outcomes, yet early diagnosis of horses requiring surgery for SO often remains challenging. OBJECTIVES To compare blood and peritoneal fluid l-lactate concentrations, peritoneal:blood l-lactate ratio, peritoneal minus blood (peritoneal-blood) l-lactate concentration and other clinical variables for predicting SO and SO in horses with small intestinal lesions (SO-SI) and then to develop a multivariable model to predict SO and SO-SI. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. METHODS A total of 197 equids admitted to a referral institution for colic between 2016 and 2019 that had peritoneal fluid analysis performed at admission were included. Twenty-three admission variables were evaluated individually for the prediction of a SO or SO-SI and then using multivariable logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic (AUC ROC) were calculated. RESULTS All variables performed better in the model than individually. The final multivariable model for predicting SO included marked abdominal pain (OR 5.31, CI 1.40-20.18), rectal temperature (OR 0.30, CI 0.14-0.64), serosanguineous peritoneal fluid (OR 35.34, CI 10.10-122.94), peritoneal-blood l-lactate (OR 1.77, CI 1.25-2.51), and peritoneal:blood l-lactate ratio (OR 0.36, CI 0.18-0.72). The AUC ROC was 0.91. The final multivariable model for predicting SO-SI included reflux volume (OR 0.69, CI 0.56-0.86), blood l-lactate concentration (OR 0.43, CI 0.22-0.87), serosanguineous peritoneal fluid (OR 4.99, CI 1.26-19.74), and peritoneal l-lactate concentration (OR 3.77, CI 1.82-7.81). MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective, single-hospital study design. CONCLUSIONS Blood and peritoneal fluid l-lactate concentrations should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical variables. The relationship between peritoneal and blood l-lactate concentration for predicting SO or SO-SI was complex when included in a multivariable model. Models to predict SO probably vary based on lesion location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E Long
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Louise L Southwood
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tate B Morris
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerrianne E Brandly
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Straticò P, Guerri G, Bandera L, Celani G, Di Nunzio L, Petrizzi L, Varasano V. Comparison of Xylazine and Lidocaine Infusion versus Medetomidine Continuous Rate Infusion during General Anesthesia with Isoflurane in Horses Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy. Vet Sci 2024; 11:196. [PMID: 38787168 PMCID: PMC11125707 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) The main goals of general anesthesia include pain management and a safe anesthetic protocol for smooth recovery. In this retrospective study, we compared two anesthetic protocols for general anesthesia with isoflurane during emergency laparotomy: sedation with xylazine and the intraoperative infusion of lidocaine (X group) versus medetomidine as a preoperative sedation and intraoperative infusion (M group). (2) The medical records of horses who underwent emergency laparotomies between 2016 and 2023 were reviewed. According to the anesthetic protocol, patients were allocated to the X or M groups. Data about the horse, signalment, history, and anesthetic variables were analyzed. (3) Group X had a significantly higher heart rate (HR), lower respiratory rate (RR) and mean and diastolic arterial pressure (MAP/DAP). A progressive increase in HR and RR was observed in both groups. Group X underwent a decrease in RR and an increase in DAP. In Group M, a decrease in MAP and DAP was observed. Group M exhibited a longer recovery time with similar recovery scores. Both protocols provided safe anesthesia for emergency laparotomy, with minor cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Minor respiratory depression was detected when xylazine was used, while recovery was longer with medetomidine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenza Bandera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.S.); (G.G.); (G.C.); (L.D.N.); (L.P.); (V.V.)
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6
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Duysens J, Graide H, Niesten A, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Ceusters J, Serteyn D. Optimization of the Amplification of Equine Muscle-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:32. [PMID: 38668139 PMCID: PMC11054422 DOI: 10.3390/mps7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The main causes of mortality in horses are the gastrointestinal pathologies associated with septic shock. Stem cells have shown, through systemic injection, a capacity to decrease inflammation and to regenerate injured tissue faster. Nevertheless, to achieve this rapid and total regeneration, systemic injections of 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight must be considered. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility and expansion capacity of equine muscle-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (mdMSCs) in a functionally closed, automated, perfusion-based, hollow-fiber bioreactor (HFBR) called the Quantum™ Cell Expansion System (Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies). This feature greatly increases the number of generated cells with a surface area of 1.7 m2. The expansion of mdMSCs is very efficient in this bioreactor. The maximum expansion generated twenty times more cells than the initial seeding in nine days. The best returns were observed with an optimal seeding between 10 and 25 million mdMSCs, using the Bull's eye loading method and with a run duration between 7 and 10 days. Moreover, all the generated cells kept their stem properties: the ability to adhere to plastic and to differentiate into chondroblasts, osteoblasts and adipocytes. They also showed the expression of CD-44 and CD-90 markers, with a positive rate above 93%, while CD-45 and MHCII were non-expressed, with a positive rate below 0.5%. By capitalizing on the scalability, automation and 3D culture capabilities of the Quantum™, it is possible to generate large quantities of high-quality equine mdMSCs for gastrointestinal disorders and other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Duysens
- Revatis SA, Rue de la Science 8, 6900 Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium; (H.G.); (J.C.); (D.S.)
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Hélène Graide
- Revatis SA, Rue de la Science 8, 6900 Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium; (H.G.); (J.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Ariane Niesten
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Justine Ceusters
- Revatis SA, Rue de la Science 8, 6900 Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium; (H.G.); (J.C.); (D.S.)
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Revatis SA, Rue de la Science 8, 6900 Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium; (H.G.); (J.C.); (D.S.)
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
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7
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Gruber N, Gesell-May S, Scholler D, Zablotski Y, May A. Evaluation of substance P as a biomarker for pain in equine colic. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 132:104979. [PMID: 38072227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Equine colic is an important condition associated with acute abdominal pain and one of the leading causes of death in horses. As such, objectively evaluating pain is of interest for attending veterinarians. Pain scales for assessment are present, but no single pain-specific biomarker has been reported. The aim of this study was to determine if substance P (SP) could be a reliable biomarker to reflect pain and serve as a parameter to predict outcome in equine colic. The hypothesis was that horses displaying severe colic signs present with higher values of SP in contrast to those with mild colic signs. Thirty warmblood horses, aged between 3 and 20 years were recruited; evenly distributed (10 horses each) in three colic groups (mild, moderate, severe). To classify the colic signs, the horses were graded by the Equine Acute Abdominal Pain Scale (EAAPS). Clinical examination and EAAPS were performed at arrival in the hospital. Blood samples were collected four times in hourly intervals commencing from arrival. For comparison, already established parameters for prognosticating equine colic (heart rate, serum cortisol, and blood lactate concentration) were also measured. The assumption of increasing SP concentrations along with pain could not be confirmed. SP did not show any association with heart rate, cortisol, lactate, or EAAPS. Whereas the established parameters increased according to the EAAPS, SP remained stable in individual horses regardless of clinical signs, treatment, and disease progression. Consequently, SP was not a reliable parameter to reflect painful conditions or to predict outcome in equine colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gruber
- Equine Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 14, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Scholler
- Equine Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 14, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 13, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Anna May
- Equine Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 14, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
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8
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Stummer M, Frisch V, Glitz F, Hinney B, Spergser J, Krücken J, Diekmann I, Dimmel K, Riedel C, Cavalleri JMV, Rümenapf T, Joachim A, Lyrakis M, Auer A. Presence of Equine and Bovine Coronaviruses, Endoparasites, and Bacteria in Fecal Samples of Horses with Colic. Pathogens 2023; 12:1043. [PMID: 37624003 PMCID: PMC10458731 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute abdominal pain (colic) is one of the major equine health threats worldwide and often necessitates intensive veterinary medical care and surgical intervention. Equine coronavirus (ECoV) infections can cause colic in horses but are rarely considered as a differential diagnosis. To determine the frequency of otherwise undetected ECoV infections in horses with acute colic, fresh fecal samples of 105 horses with acute colic and 36 healthy control horses were screened for viruses belonging to the Betacoronavirus 1 species by RT-PCR as well as for gastrointestinal helminths and bacteria commonly associated with colic. Horses with colic excreted significantly fewer strongyle eggs than horses without colic. The prevalence of anaerobic, spore-forming, gram-positive bacteria (Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile) was significantly higher in the feces of horses with colic. Six horses with colic (5.7%) and one horse from the control group (2.8%) tested positive for Betacoronaviruses. Coronavirus-positive samples were sequenced to classify the virus by molecular phylogeny (N gene). Interestingly, in three out of six coronavirus-positive horses with colic, sequences closely related to bovine coronaviruses (BCoV) were found. The pathogenic potential of BCoV in horses remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Stummer
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (K.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Vicky Frisch
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.F.); (J.-M.V.C.)
| | | | - Barbara Hinney
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Irina Diekmann
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Katharina Dimmel
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (K.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Christiane Riedel
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon, France;
| | | | - Till Rümenapf
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (K.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Anja Joachim
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Manolis Lyrakis
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Angelika Auer
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (K.D.); (T.R.)
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9
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Gillen A, Catherine Archer D. Epidemiology of Colic: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00017-2. [PMID: 37268523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies are essential for the generation of evidence-based, preventive health care strategies. This includes ways to minimize colic risk and assist informed decision making concerning diagnosis, treatment, and likely outcomes. It is important to consider that colic is not a simple "disease" but is a syndrome of abdominal pain that encompasses multiple different disease processes, and which is multifactorial in nature. This review focuses on prevention and diagnosis of colic, including specific forms of colic, communications with owners/carers concerning colic risk and management, and areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gillen
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Catherine Archer
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
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10
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Bookbinder L, Prisk A. Updates on Diagnosis and Management of Colic in the Field and Criteria for Referral. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00013-5. [PMID: 37121785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal colic is the most common primary care equine emergency and affects nearly one of four horses per year. Colic is a significant welfare concern for equine patients and a financial and emotional burden for owners. The primary care practitioner is instrumental in identifying critical cases quickly and making appropriate management recommendations to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bookbinder
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Amanda Prisk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, USA
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11
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Kilcoyne I. When Things Do Not Go As Planned: Update on Complications and Impact on Outcome. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00014-7. [PMID: 37105780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Kilcoyne
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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12
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Penning LC, van den Boom R. Companion animal organoid technology to advance veterinary regenerative medicine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1032835. [PMID: 37008367 PMCID: PMC10063859 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1032835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
First year medical and veterinary students are made very aware that drugs can have very different effects in various species or even in breeds of one specific species. On the other hand, the “One Medicine” concept implies that therapeutic and technical approaches are exchangeable between man and animals. These opposing views on the (dis)similarities between human and veterinary medicine are magnified in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine promises to stimulate the body's own regenerative capacity via activation of stem cells and/or the application of instructive biomaterials. Although the potential is enormous, so are the hurdles that need to be overcome before large scale clinical implementation is realistic. It is in the advancement of regenerative medicine that veterinary regenerative medicine can play an instrumental and crucial role. This review describes the discovery of (adult) stem cells in domesticated animals, mainly cats and dogs. The promise of cell-mediated regenerative veterinary medicine is compared to the actual achievements, and this will lead to a set of unanswered questions (controversies, research gaps, potential developments in relation to fundamental, pre-clinical, and clinical research). For veterinary regenerative medicine to have impact, either for human medicine and/or for domesticated animals, answering these questions is pivotal.
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Retrospective Study on Risk Factors and Short-Term Outcome of Horses Referred for Colic from 2016 to 2022. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100545. [PMID: 36288158 PMCID: PMC9607141 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colic syndrome is the most common out-of-hours call for equine practitioners. In most cases, medical treatment at home is effective for the resolution of the disorders. In 20% of cases, hospital intensive care is required. Several factors have been addressed as predisposing to the disorder. Cardiovascular and hemodynamic variables are the most reliable indicators of the severity of the condition and, thus, are important prognostic factors. The aim of the study was to highlight the predisposing factors and best prognostic clinical signs for discharge in a cohort of horses referred for colic syndrome. Medical records from 2016 to 2022 were examined. One hundred and fifty-seven horses were included in the study. Month and time of admission were the main predisposing factors. Cardiovascular variables (heart rate on admission and after 3–6 h, packed cell volume, capillary refill time, and mucosal membranes) and the presence of gastric reflux were negatively associated with discharge as well as time to standing after surgery. The results from this retrospective study may help the clinician in evaluating prognosis, deciding on the best treatment, and adequately informing the owner of the rates of success. Abstract (1) Background: colic syndrome is a multifactorial life-threatening condition in equids. Awareness of predisposing and prognostic indicators is useful to adequately inform the owner of the outcome and plan the best treatment. The aim of the study was to identify the variables associated with short-term survival in a cohort of horses referred for colic to a veterinary teaching hospital; (2) Methods: medical records of horses referred for colic from 2016 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate regression models were built to assess the odds ratios of discharge from the hospital, both on the whole sample and in those patients undergoing surgery; (3) Conclusions: Month, time of admission, cardiovascular variables (heart rate on admission and after 3–6 h, packed cell volume, capillary refill time, and mucosal membranes), and presence of gastric reflux were significantly associated with discharge in the univariate regression in all horses and in those surgically treated. In the multivariate regression model, heart rate, packed cell volume, and capillary refill time showed significant association with the outcome in the whole sample. Although comparison between this study and previous studies is difficult due to the number and type of variables included, cardiovascular variables and markers of hypovolemia were also shown to be associated with outcome.
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Erwin SJ, Clark ME, Dechant JE, Aitken MR, Hassel DM, Blikslager AT, Ziegler AL. Multi-Institutional Retrospective Case-Control Study Evaluating Clinical Outcomes of Foals with Small Intestinal Strangulating Obstruction: 2000–2020. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111374. [PMID: 35681837 PMCID: PMC9179310 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lower survival rates have been reported in foals than adults with severe colic lesions obstructing blood flow to the small intestine, but this has not been compared directly. These survival rates are important to horse owners making medical decisions surrounding colic, for both the foal’s wellbeing and the owner’s finances. In this retrospective case-control study, hospital records of surgical colic cases were collected from five US academic referral hospitals to directly compare foal and adult survival following surgery for specific colic lesions. It was hypothesized that foals would exhibit lower survival than case-matched adults. This study was limited by incomplete medical and surgical records, relatively small sample size, and lack of long-term follow-up. Short-term survival in foals was not significantly different than in adults with comparable colic lesions and may have been partly driven by decision-making on the farm prior to referral. More optimism toward surgical treatment of foals with suspected SISO may be warranted. Abstract Lower survival has been reported in foals than adults with small intestinal strangulating obstruction (SISO), but age-dependent outcomes have not been examined directly. Hospital records were collected from five US academic referral hospitals. It was hypothesized that foals would exhibit lower survival than case-matched adults. Foal cases 6-months-of-age or younger, and adult cases between 2- and 20-years-of-age were collected. Data revealed 24 of 25 (96.0%) foals and 66 of 75 (88.0%) adults that were recovered from surgery for SISO survived to hospital discharge. Sixteen of the total 41 (39.0%) foals studied were euthanized intraoperatively, whereas 30 of 105 (28.6%) adults were euthanized intraoperatively. Common lesions in foals that were recovered from surgery were volvulus (n = 13) and intussusception (n = 5), whereas common lesions in adults were volvulus (n = 25) and strangulating lipoma (n = 23). This study was limited by incomplete medical records, relatively small sample size, and lack of long-term follow-up. Unexpectedly, short-term survival tended to be higher in foals than adults and may have been partly driven by case selection prior to referral or surgery or decision-making intraoperatively. More optimism toward surgical treatment of foals with SISO may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Erwin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.J.E.); (M.E.C.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Marley E. Clark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.J.E.); (M.E.C.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Julie E. Dechant
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Maia R. Aitken
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA;
| | - Diana M. Hassel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.J.E.); (M.E.C.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Amanda L. Ziegler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.J.E.); (M.E.C.); (A.T.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Rhodes DM, Madrigal R. Management of Colic in the Field. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:421-439. [PMID: 34243880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colic is one of the most frequent emergencies necessitating veterinary attention. Referral is not an option in many cases; therefore, the ability to diagnose and treat colic in an ambulatory setting is paramount. Portable imaging and point-of-care testing has improved the ability to identify lesions and assess the patient's status. In cases when field management is the only option, practitioners should be aware of the various treatment options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Rhodes
- Loomis Basin Equine Medical Center, 2973 Penryn Road, Penryn, CA 95603, USA.
| | - Rodolfo Madrigal
- Loomis Basin Equine Medical Center, 2973 Penryn Road, Penryn, CA 95603, USA
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