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Wannemacher R, Knebel A, Volk HA, Hansmann F. Cholesterol granuloma in the choroid plexus of a cat. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:249. [PMID: 35761292 PMCID: PMC9235091 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This case report describes the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as the histopathological findings in an elderly cat with an intracranial cholesterol granuloma. Case presentation An 11.5-year-old, male neutered cat was presented at the emergency service with deteriorating behavioral changes including aggression, and progressive generalized ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a large, well demarcated, inhomogeneous and contrast enhancing mass in the lateral ventricles with marked mass effect. Due to a poor clinical prognosis, the cat was euthanized. Histological examination identified the mass as a bilateral cholesterol granuloma in the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles. Conclusions Although plexus cholesterol granulomas are rarely seen in cats, they should be considered as a differential diagnosis in elderly patients with neurological signs such as behavioral changes.
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Davis AM, Lahmers K, Trusiano B, Zimmerman K, Romeiser J, Tuohy J. Cholesterol Granuloma of the Cranial Mediastinum in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:129-136. [PMID: 35576403 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 10 yr old female spayed Pomeranian presented with a history of dyspnea and coughing and was diagnosed with a cranial mediastinal mass presumed to be a thymoma. Surgical removal was elected and occurred without intraoperative complications. Histopathology revealed the lesion to be a cholesterol granuloma. The patient developed a brief period of increased respiratory difficulty 3 days postoperatively. Thoracic radiographs showed mild pleural effusion and the patient improved with supportive care. Five months postoperatively, repeat thoracic radiographs revealed no evidence of recurrence or respiratory pathology. This case report describes a cholesterol granuloma in a unique location and reviews the pathogenesis/pathophysiology of this type of mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Brie Trusiano
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Kurt Zimmerman
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jake Romeiser
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Joanne Tuohy
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
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3
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Santistevan L, Easley J, Ruple A, Monck S, Randall E, Wininger F, Packer RA. A pilot study of optical neuronavigation-guided brain biopsy in the horse using anatomic landmarks and fiducial arrays for patient registration. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1642-1649. [PMID: 32469442 PMCID: PMC7379038 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Optical neuronavigation‐guided intracranial surgery has become increasingly common in veterinary medicine, but its use has not yet been described in horses. Objectives To determine the feasibility of optical neuronavigation‐guided intracranial biopsy procedures in the horse, compare the use of the standard fiducial array and anatomic landmarks for patient registration, and evaluate surgeon experience. Animals Six equine cadaver heads. Methods Computed tomography images of each specimen were acquired, with the fiducial array rigidly secured to the frontal bone. Six targets were selected in each specimen. Patient registration was performed separately for 3 targets using the fiducial array, and for 3 targets using anatomic landmarks. In lieu of biopsy, 1 mm diameter wire seeds were placed at each target. Postoperative images were coregistered with the planning scan to calculate Euclidian distance from the tip of the seed to the target. Results No statistical difference between registration techniques was identified. The impact of surgeon experience was examined for each technique using a Mann‐Whitney U test. The experienced surgeon was significantly closer to the intended target (median = 2.52 mm) than were the novice surgeons (median = 6.55 mm) using the fiducial array (P = .001). Although not statistically significant (P = .31), for the experienced surgeon the median distance to target was similar when registering with the fiducial array (2.47 mm) and anatomic landmarks (2.58 mm). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Registration using both fiducial arrays and anatomic landmarks for brain biopsy using optical neuronavigation in horses is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Santistevan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremiah Easley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sam Monck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elissa Randall
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Fred Wininger
- Charlotte Animal Referral and Emergency, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca A Packer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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4
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Lloyd-Edwards RA, Willems DS, Beukers M, van den Brom-Spierenburg A, Vernooij JCM, Veraa S. Presumed cholesterinic granulomas detected on CT in horses are associated with increased lateral ventricle height and age. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:269-278. [PMID: 32020759 PMCID: PMC7317960 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterinic granulomas are mass‐like lesions that form at the choroid plexus of the ventricular system. Large cholesterinic granulomas within the lateral ventricles have been reported to cause severe neurological signs. However, little data are available about their prevalence or appearance in the overall population. The objective was to report the prevalence of presumed cholesterinic granulomas on CT in a population of horses, and investigate associations between presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence, lateral ventricle size, age, and neurological signs. The study was cross sectional, CT scans of the head were assessed for presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence and size, and lateral ventricle height. Computed tomography findings and clinical information were compared using nonparametric testing. Computed tomography scans of 139 horses were included. Presumed cholesterinic granulomas were found in 22 horses (15.8%), nine were unilateral and 13 bilateral. A significant increase in prevalence was observed with age (P < .0001), with 38% of horses over 15 years old affected. The median volume of presumed cholesterinic granulomas was 242 mm3 with a range from 51 to 2420 mm3. The mean lateral ventricle height was significantly increased in horses with presumed cholesterinic granulomas present (P = .004), with a median of 7.3 mm compared to 4.9 mm without. Neurological signs were not associated with presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence or lateral ventricle height. Fourth ventricle mineralizations were found in seven horses, which may represent cholesterinic granulomas. In conclusion, presumed cholesterinic granulomas occurred in a large proportion of the examined population and are associated with increased lateral ventricle dilation and advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Lloyd-Edwards
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien S Willems
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes C M Vernooij
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Veraa
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Frade MT, Ferreira JS, Nascimento MJ, Aquino VV, Macêdo IL, Carneiro RS, Souza AP, Dantas AF. Doenças do sistema nervoso central em cães. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: São descritas doenças do sistema nervoso central (SNC) em cães diagnosticadas no sertão da Paraíba. Os registros de necropsia de 1.205 cães foram revisados. Em 354 casos (29,38%) foram registrados história clínica de alterações do sistema nervoso. Duzentos e noventa e seis casos tiveram diagnóstico definitivo e 58 foram inconclusivos. As doenças infecciosas foram observadas em 59,60% (211/354) de casos que representam a principal causa de distúrbios neurológicos; 53% dos casos (186/354) foram representadas por doenças virais; 3,11% (11/354) foram de etiologia parasitária, 2,54% (9/354) foram causadas por bactérias e 1,41% (5/354) por fungos. Os agentes físicos representaram a segunda causa mais importante de transtornos do SNC com 9,89% (35/354) e os tumores a terceira causa com 5,93% (21/354). Outras alterações pouco frequentes foram alterações metabólicas secundárias a insuficiência hepática ou renal, representando 2,54% (9/354). Casos raros de hidrocefalia congênita foram observados, 1,41% (5/354). Os casos de manifestações neurológicas associadas a alterações vasculares, degenerativas e inflamatórias não infecciosas, muitas das quais uma causa específica não foi estabelecida representaram 4,24% (15/354); Estavam dentro das seguintes categorias de doenças: Infartos isquêmicos e hemorrágicos (6/15), necrose vascular fibrinoide (5/15), doença do disco intervertebral (2/15), meningoencefalite granulomatosa (1/15) e granuloma de colesterol (1/15). Os distúrbios do sistema nervoso central representam uma importante causa de morte ou eutanásia em cães na região semiárida da Paraíba. Os sinais clínicos variaram de acordo com o agente envolvido, localização e distribuição das lesões. O conhecimento dos principais agentes que pode afetar o SNC canino é importante ao fazer uma lista de diagnóstico diferencial.
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6
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Trub SA, Bush WW, Higginbotham M, Jarboe JM, Sánchez MD, Tidwell AS. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:895-897. [PMID: 27700269 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.8.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Chawla P, Cook L, Himmell L, Zekas L, Oglesbee M. Coextensive Meningioma and Cholesterol Granuloma in the Forebrain of a Cat. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1638-42. [PMID: 26289395 PMCID: PMC4852139 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Chawla
- Southern California Veterinary Specialty Hospital, Irvine, CA
| | - L Cook
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - L Himmell
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - L Zekas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - M Oglesbee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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8
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Mendes de Cordova F, Vaz Burns L, Tony Ramos A, Estevan Moron S, Silva de Cordova CA, da Luz Silva GM. Cerebral malacia in a mule with ependymoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mendes de Cordova
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia; Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT); Araguaína Brazil
| | - L. Vaz Burns
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia; Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT); Araguaína Brazil
| | - A. Tony Ramos
- Campus Curitibanos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Curitibanos Brazil
| | - S. Estevan Moron
- Unidade CIMBA; Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT); Araguaína Brazil
| | - C. A. Silva de Cordova
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia; Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT); Araguaína Brazil
| | - G. M. da Luz Silva
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia; Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT); Araguaína Brazil
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Lovett MC, Fenner WR, Watson AT, Hostutler RA. Imaging diagnosis-MRI characteristics of a fourth ventricular cholesterol granuloma in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:650-4. [PMID: 22731914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old male American Bulldog experienced paroxysmal staggering, altered consciousness, and hyperesthesia. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enabled recognition of a fourth ventricular mass causing compression of the cerebellum and brainstem and obstructive hydrocephalus. The mass was uniformly T2-hyperintense and predominantly T1-hypointense. A fluid line was evident on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. A thin rim of contrast enhancement was noted. Histopathologic diagnosis was a cholesterol granuloma. We were unable to identify any other reports of a cholesterol granuloma residing in the fourth ventricle of a dog. This case report documents the clinical, diagnostic imaging, and histopathologic findings of a canine intracranial cholesterol granuloma. © 2012 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound.
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10
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Tofflemire KL, Whitley RD, Wong DM, Waller KR, Myers RK, Pillatzki AE, Ben-Shlomo G. Episodic blindness and ataxia in a horse with cholesterinic granulomas. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 16:149-52. [PMID: 22624528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old Oldenburg mare presented following three episodes of acute, transient blindness, ataxia, and disorientation within the preceding 7 months. Clinical improvement, including return of vision, occurred within 1 week of initiating corticosteroid therapy for each of the three episodes. However, mild right-sided miosis was a consistent finding on ophthalmic examinations. Routine clinicopathologic testing revealed no significant abnormalities, and testing of cerebral spinal fluid for selected infectious diseases was unrewarding. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a hyperattenuating mass with peripheral mineralization in the rostroventral aspect of each lateral ventricle. The mare was euthanized due to a guarded to poor prognosis. On histopathology, the masses consisted of clusters of cholesterol clefts admixed with leukocytes, mineral deposits, and connective tissue. Cholesterinic granulomas of the lateral ventricles and hydrocephaly were diagnosed. Cholesterinic granulomas should be considered a differential diagnosis in horses presenting for intermittent blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Tofflemire
- Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1600 South 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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11
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Finding E, Fletcher N, Avella C, Naylor RJ, Volk HA, Weller R, Dunkel B, Piercy RJ. Standing CT and clinical progression of equine cholesterol granulomata. Vet Rec 2012; 170:289. [PMID: 22383327 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Finding
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
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12
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Lacombe VA, Mayes M, Mosseri S, Reed SM, Fenner WR, Ou HT. Epilepsy in horses: Aetiological classification and predictive factors. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:646-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Cerebral xanthomatosis in three green water dragons (Physignathus cocincinus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2010; 41:128-32. [PMID: 20722265 DOI: 10.1638/2009-0175.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral xanthomatosis was diagnosed in three female green water dragons (Physignathus cocincinus), all of which presented with progressive neurologic signs. No antemortem evidence for xanthomatosis was identified, but on postmortem examination cholesterol granulomas, composed of cholesterol clefts surrounded by macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, were found in the forebrain of each animal and were associated with significant displacement and pressure on the adjacent brain. Although the cause of xanthomatosis in these animals is unknown, nutrition and trauma may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. Cerebrum, cholesterol, green water dragon, Physignathus cocincinus, xanthoma.
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Anderson ET, Troan BV, Stringer EM, Chinnadurai SK, DeVoe RS. Cerebral Xanthoma in a Long-nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5818/1529-9651-20.2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Anderson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Brigid V. Troan
- North Carolina Zoological Park, 4401 Zoo Parkway, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Stringer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sathya K. Chinnadurai
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ryan S. DeVoe
- North Carolina Zoological Park, 4401 Zoo Parkway, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
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15
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RICCI E, ABBIATI G, CANTILE C. Intracranial Cholesterol Granuloma in a Cat. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1475-8. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele RICCI
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa
| | | | - Carlo CANTILE
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa
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Sogaro-Robinson C, Lacombe VA, Reed SM, Balkrishnan R. Factors predictive of abnormal results for computed tomography of the head in horses affected by neurologic disorders: 57 cases (2001-2007). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235:176-83. [PMID: 19601739 DOI: 10.2460/javma.235.2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine neurologic indications associated with abnormal results for computed tomography (CT) imaging of the head of horses affected by neurologic disorders. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 57 horses. PROCEDURES Signalment, history, clinical abnormalities, and clinicopathologic findings were obtained from medical records of horses examined because of neurologic disorders, and precontrast and postcontrast CT images of the head were reviewed. Data were analyzed by use of univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS For a horse with abnormal mentation, odds of having abnormal results for CT imaging of the head was 30 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.36 to 374.63) the odds for a similar horse without abnormal mentation. For a horse with cranial nerve deficits, odds of having abnormal results for CT imaging of the head was 11 times (95% CI, 1.00 to 127.96) the odds for a similar horse without cranial nerve deficits. For a horse with seizure-like activity, odds of having abnormal results for CT imaging of the head was 0.05 times (95% CI, 0 to 0.90) the odds for a similar horse without seizures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggested that alterations in consciousness and cranial nerve deficits were strong predictors of abnormal CT findings for the head of affected horses. Thus, CT can be a useful complementary diagnostic test in horses with these neurologic deficits. In contrast, alternative diagnostic tests (eg, electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging) should be considered in horses with seizure-like activity that do not have head trauma or cranial nerve deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sogaro-Robinson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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17
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Magi GE, Iannaccone M, Gili C, Rossi G. Cardiac cholesterol granulomas in a piper gurnard, Trigla lyra (L.). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2009; 32:473-475. [PMID: 19364389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G E Magi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy.
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18
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Oliveira R, Fukushima F, Nascimento E, Santos R. Ovarian cholesteatoma in a bitch. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352008000600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Vanschandevijl K, Gielen I, Nollet H, Vlaminck L, Deprez P, van Bree H. Computed tomography-guided brain biopsy for in vivo diagnosis of a cholesterinic granuloma in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 233:950-4. [PMID: 18795858 DOI: 10.2460/javma.233.6.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION An 8-year-old warmblood mare was evaluated following an acute onset of neurologic abnormalities. CLINICAL FINDINGS Computed tomography of the head revealed large masses in both lateral ventricles, and a presumptive diagnosis of cholesterinic granuloma was made. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Freehand biopsy of the intracranial masses was performed under computed tomographic guidance, and histologic examination of biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis. No adverse effects associated with the brain biopsy procedure were encountered. Clinical signs resolved, and long-term follow-up did not reveal any recurrence of neurologic deficits. The horse was able to return to its previous level of training. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that computed tomographic-guided brain biopsy is feasible in horses and can be used to establish a diagnosis in horses with intracranial masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Vanschandevijl
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
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20
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Fluehmann G, Konar M, Jaggy A, Nicolier AI, Vandevelde M. Cerebral Cholesterol Granuloma in a Cat. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Sladky KK, Dalldorf FG, Steinberg H, Wright JF, Loomis MR. Cholesterol granulomas in three meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Vet Pathol 2000; 37:684-6. [PMID: 11105964 DOI: 10.1354/vp.37-6-684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol granulomas are uncommon pathologic lesions in animals, although they are important intracranial tumors in humans. This report describes cholesterol granulomas associated with multiple organ systems of three captive meerkats. In the most severe case, meerkat No. 1, the pathologic behavior of the cholesterol granuloma was unique in that it appeared to locally invade the cerebrum and calvarium, possibly contributing to neurological deficits observed antemortem. A review of other meerkat necropsies revealed incidental, asymptomatic cholesterol granulomas in organs of two other individuals, meerkat Nos. 2 and 3. Histologically, all lesions were composed of cholesterol clefts admixed with large, foamy macrophages containing hemosiderin, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and foci of mineralization. Hypercholesterolemia was documented in two of the three meerkats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sladky
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
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23
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Vink-Nooteboom M, Junker K, van den Ingh TS, Dik KJ. Computed tomography of cholesterinic granulomas in the choroid plexus of horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998; 39:512-6. [PMID: 9845187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterinic granulomas are tumor-like masses in the choroid plexuses of horses. This report describes the computed tomographic findings in four horses with cholesterinic granulomas, including the clinical and the pathologic features. All four horses had bilateral cholesterinic granulomas in the lateral ventricles. Computed tomographic images clearly delineated the masses, the opacity of the granulomas, and the enhancement pattern after intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium; these factors varied considerably. Additional CT findings were symmetric or asymmetric widening of the lateral ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vink-Nooteboom
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Knottenbelt DC. Equine neurological disease and dysfunction: a diagnostic challenge for the practitioner. Part 2: The clinical neurological examination. EQUINE VET EDUC 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.1996.tb01701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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