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Rahman AU, Dhama K, Ali Q, Raza MA, Chaudhry U, Shabbir MZ. Foot and mouth disease in a wide range of wild hosts: a potential constraint in disease control efforts worldwide particularly in disease-endemic settings. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105567. [PMID: 32504589 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease that affects predominantly cloven-footed animal species within the order Artiodactyla. The potential of the virus to transmit, maintain and circulate itself across a wide range of susceptible hosts, including both domestic and wild ungulates, remains a single major obstacle in an effective eradication of disease worldwide, particularly in disease-endemic settings. Hence, a better understanding of virus transmission dynamics is very much crucial for an efficient control of the disease, particularly at places or regions where wildlife and livestock rearing co-exists. Both OIE and FAO have jointly launched the FMD-control program as FMD-Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) in various disease-endemic developing countries. Nevertheless, the propensity of virus to inter- and intra-species transmission may be a possible constraint in disease control and, hence, its subsequent eradication in such countries. Other than this, cross-species transmission, among domestic and wild ungulates living in close proximities, can undermine the conservation efforts for endangered species. We reviewed and summarized the so-far available information about inter- and intra-species disease transmission, and its impact on wildlife populations to better comprehend disease epidemiology and substantiate efforts for eventual disease eradication across the globe, particularly in settings where the disease is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz-Ul Rahman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, India
| | - Qasim Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Raza
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Officer K, Lan NT, Wicker L, Hoa NT, Weegenaar A, Robinson J, Ryoji Y, Loukopoulos P. Foot-and-mouth disease in Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:705-13. [PMID: 25135011 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714547256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, debilitating, and globally significant viral disease typically affecting cloven-hoofed hosts. The diagnosis of FMD in bears in Vietnam is described. The current study describes a confirmed case of FMD in a bear species, and the clinical signs compatible with FMD in a Malayan sun bear. Thirteen Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and 1 Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) were apparently affected. In August 2011, an adult bear became lethargic, and developed footpad vesicles. Over 15 days, 14 out of 17 bears developed similar signs; the remaining 3 co-housed bears and another 57 resident bears did not. All affected bears developed vesicles on all footpads, and most were lethargic for 24-48 hr. Nasal and oral lesions were noted in 6 and 3 cases, respectively. Within 1 month, all looked normal. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, classified as serotype O, and isolated by virus isolation techniques. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of 3 bear isolates, in a branch distinct from other FMDV type O isolates. The outbreak likely occurred due to indirect contact with livestock, and was facilitated by the high density of captive bears. It showed that Asiatic black bears are capable of contracting FMDV and developing clinical disease, and that the virus spreads easily between bears in close contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Officer
- Vietnam Bear Rescue Centre, Animals Asia Foundation, Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam (Officer, Weegenaar)Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa)PREDICT Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Wicker)Animals Asia Foundation, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong (Robinson)Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan (Ryoji)Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessalonica, Greece (Loukopoulos)California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Loukopoulos)
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan
- Vietnam Bear Rescue Centre, Animals Asia Foundation, Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam (Officer, Weegenaar)Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa)PREDICT Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Wicker)Animals Asia Foundation, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong (Robinson)Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan (Ryoji)Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessalonica, Greece (Loukopoulos)California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Loukopoulos)
| | - Leanne Wicker
- Vietnam Bear Rescue Centre, Animals Asia Foundation, Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam (Officer, Weegenaar)Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa)PREDICT Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Wicker)Animals Asia Foundation, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong (Robinson)Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan (Ryoji)Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessalonica, Greece (Loukopoulos)California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Loukopoulos)
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- Vietnam Bear Rescue Centre, Animals Asia Foundation, Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam (Officer, Weegenaar)Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa)PREDICT Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Wicker)Animals Asia Foundation, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong (Robinson)Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan (Ryoji)Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessalonica, Greece (Loukopoulos)California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Loukopoulos)
| | - Annemarie Weegenaar
- Vietnam Bear Rescue Centre, Animals Asia Foundation, Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam (Officer, Weegenaar)Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa)PREDICT Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Wicker)Animals Asia Foundation, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong (Robinson)Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan (Ryoji)Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessalonica, Greece (Loukopoulos)California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Loukopoulos)
| | - Jill Robinson
- Vietnam Bear Rescue Centre, Animals Asia Foundation, Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam (Officer, Weegenaar)Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa)PREDICT Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Wicker)Animals Asia Foundation, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong (Robinson)Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan (Ryoji)Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessalonica, Greece (Loukopoulos)California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Loukopoulos)
| | - Yamaguchi Ryoji
- Vietnam Bear Rescue Centre, Animals Asia Foundation, Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam (Officer, Weegenaar)Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa)PREDICT Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Wicker)Animals Asia Foundation, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong (Robinson)Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan (Ryoji)Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessalonica, Greece (Loukopoulos)California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Loukopoulos)
| | - Panayiotis Loukopoulos
- Vietnam Bear Rescue Centre, Animals Asia Foundation, Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam (Officer, Weegenaar)Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa)PREDICT Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam (Wicker)Animals Asia Foundation, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong (Robinson)Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan (Ryoji)Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessalonica, Greece (Loukopoulos)California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Loukopoulos)
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