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Mota SM, Girling SJ, Cole G, Brown D, Johnson G, Naylor AD. APPLICATION OF A NOVEL ASPERGILLUS LATERAL-FLOW DEVICE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ASPERGILLOSIS IN CAPTIVE GENTOO PENGUINS ( PYGOSCELIS PAPUA PAPUA). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:360-366. [PMID: 37428700 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is the primary fungal disease affecting captive penguins globally. Its diagnosis remains challenging, and currently no tests are both sensitive and specific for the detection of early infection. The present study evaluated a recently developed Aspergillus lateral-flow device (AspLFD) for the detection of Aspergillus spp. antigen in plasma and glottis mucus from captive penguins. In a pilot retrospective study, banked frozen plasma samples from captive penguins were reviewed: samples from 11 gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua papua) and 4 king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used in the analysis. Positive plasma AspLFD test results were found in 80% (four of five) of the aspergillosis-positive cases tested. All of the aspergillosis-negative cases tested negative (10 of 10) on the AspLFD test. In a cohort prospective study, paired plasma and glottis swab samples were opportunistically and nonrandomly collected from captive gentoo penguins. In total, 26 penguins were tested. In the negative control group, AspLFD test was negative on plasma and swab in 100% of birds (14 of 14). In the aspergillosis-positive group, AspLFD test was positive on plasma samples from 33% (4 of 12) of birds, on swab samples from 50% (6 of 12) of birds, and on either plasma or swab samples from 75% (9 of 12) of birds. The AspLFD is currently used for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in humans and also shows promise for use in penguins. Larger prospective studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie M Mota
- Veterinary Department, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, EH12 6TS, United Kingdom,
| | - Simon J Girling
- Veterinary Department, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, EH12 6TS, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Cole
- Veterinary Department, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, EH12 6TS, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Brown
- Veterinary Department, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, EH12 6TS, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Johnson
- OLM Diagnostics, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TF, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Naylor
- Veterinary Department, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, EH12 6TS, United Kingdom
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Important Mycoses of Wildlife: Emphasis on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathology—A Review: PART 1. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151874. [PMID: 35892524 PMCID: PMC9331704 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The number of wild animals is steadily declining globally, so the early diagnosis and proper treatment of emerging diseases are vital. Fungal diseases are commonly encountered in practice and have a high zoonotic potential. This article describes aspergillosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and penicilliosis, and is only the first part of a detailed review. The laboratory methods (fungal isolation, gross pathology, histopathology, histochemistry, cytology, immunohistochemistry, radiography, CT, PCR, or ELISA) used in the diagnosis and the clinical details that provide a complete view of the mycoses are presented. Abstract In the past few years, there has been a spurred tripling in the figures of fungal diseases leading to one of the most alarming rates of extinction ever reported in wild species. Some of these fungal diseases are capable of virulent infections and are now considered emerging diseases due to the extremely high number of cases diagnosed with fungal infections in the last few decades. Most of these mycotic diseases in wildlife are zoonotic, and with the emergence and re-emergence of viral and bacterial zoonotic diseases originating from wildlife, which are causing devastating effects on the human population, it is important to pay attention to these wildlife-borne mycotic diseases with zoonotic capabilities. Several diagnostic techniques such as fungal isolation, gross pathology, histopathology, histochemistry, cytology, immunohistochemistry, radiography, CT, and molecular methods such as PCR or ELISA have been invaluable in the diagnosis of wildlife mycoses. The most important data used in the diagnosis of these wildlife mycoses with a zoonotic potential have been re-emphasized. This will have implications for forestalling future epidemics of these potential zoonotic mycotic diseases originating from wildlife. In conclusion, this review will highlight the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, pathology, and hematological/serum biochemical findings of five important mycoses found in wild animals.
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Aspergillosis in Wild Birds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030241. [PMID: 33807065 PMCID: PMC8004873 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus are able to proliferate in a large number of environments on organic substrates. The spores of these opportunistic pathogens, when inhaled, can cause serious and often fatal infections in a wide variety of captive and free-roaming wild birds. The relative importance of innate immunity and the level of exposure in the development of the disease can vary considerably between avian species and epidemiological situations. Given the low efficacy of therapeutic treatments, it is essential that breeders or avian practitioners know the conditions that favor the emergence of Aspergillosis in order to put adequate preventive measures in place.
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Cabana AL, Xavier MO, Mendes JF, Teles AJ, Martins AM, Silva-Filho RP, Meireles MCA. Applicability of the Platelia EIA® Aspergillus test for the diagnosis of aspergilosis in penguins. BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 79:169-173. [PMID: 30133554 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.171140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Even today, an effective diagnostic test for aspergillosis in penguins is unknown, being the gold standard post-mortem examinations. The fungal antigen galactomannan (GM) has been used as a biomarker of disease in humans and is detected by the Platelia Aspergillus EIA (BioRad)®, a commercial kit based on the sandwich ELISA technique. It is standardized for use in neutropenic patients, however studies have demonstrated its usefulness also possible for birds. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Platelia Aspergillus EIA® test (BioRad-US) in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in Magellanic penguins, determining sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for different cut-off points. Were included in the study, blood serum samples (n = 29) Magellanic penguins in captivity that died by aspergillosis. Detection of GM was performed following manufacturer's instructions and the GM index was obtained by dividing the average value of OD of the duplicate of the clinical sample by duplicate OD of the average value of the cut-off sample provided by the kit. Through information database results were obtained for the presence of anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies detected by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for all serum samples. Results were analyzed using chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis from SPSS 20.0, IBM®. ROC curve was obtained and from this, rates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also calculated based on four different cutoff points (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0). The serum GM index did not differ between animals of the case and control group (pkw =0.097). In determining the ROC curve for serum GM detection the value of area under the curve was 0.635. From the values determined by the coordinate of the curve, four different cut points (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) were analyzed, resulting in sensitivity rates ranging from 86.2 to 34.5% % and specificity between 87% and 26.1%. By comparing the serum GM index in group case as the presence or absence of antibodies detected by AGID was found p=0.503. The detection of GM the Platelia Aspergillus EIA® test seems is not be useful for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in naturally infected penguins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cabana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Veterinária, Centro de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico em Micologia Veterinária - MICVET, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - M O Xavier
- Faculdade de Medicina - FAMED, Departamento de Parasitologia e Micologia, Área de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - J F Mendes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Veterinária, Centro de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico em Micologia Veterinária - MICVET, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - A J Teles
- Programa de Residência em Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - A M Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.,Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos - CRAM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Tenente Capitão Heitor Perdigão, 10, Centro, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - R P Silva-Filho
- Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos - CRAM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Tenente Capitão Heitor Perdigão, 10, Centro, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - M C A Meireles
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Veterinária, Centro de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico em Micologia Veterinária - MICVET, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
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Savelieff MG, Pappalardo L, Azmanis P. The current status of avian aspergillosis diagnoses: Veterinary practice to novel research avenues. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:342-362. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Pappalardo
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences; American University of Sharjah; Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Panagiotis Azmanis
- Dubai Falcon Hospital/Wadi Al Safa Wildlife Center; Dubai United Arab Emirates
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Wernery U, Tsang CC, Hebel C, Damerau A, Kinne J, Cai JP, Küspert H, Chan KF, Joseph M, Xue S, Raghavan R, Tang JYM, Syriac G, Lau SKP, Jose S, Woo PCY. Serodiagnosis of aspergillosis in falcons (Falco spp.) by an Afmp1p-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mycoses 2018; 61:600-609. [PMID: 29611232 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis in falcons may be associated with high mortality and difficulties in clinical and laboratory diagnosis. We previously cloned an immunogenic protein, Afmp1p, in Aspergillus fumigatus and showed that anti-Afmp1p antibodies were present in human patients with A. fumigatus infections. In this study, we hypothesise that a similar Afmp1p-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could be applied to serodiagnose falcon aspergillosis. A specific polyclonal antibody was first generated to detect falcon serum IgY. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugate of this antibody was then used to measure anti-Afmp1p antibodies in sera collected from falcons experimentally infected with A. fumigatus, and the performance of the Afmp1p-based ELISA was evaluated using sera from healthy falcons and falcons with documented A. fumigatus infections. All four experimentally infected falcons developed culture- and histology-proven invasive aspergillosis. Anti-Afmp1p antibodies were detected in their sera. For the Afmp1p-based ELISA, the mean ± SD OD450 nm using sera from 129 healthy falcons was 0.186 ± 0.073. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed an absorbance cut-off value of 0.407. One negative serum gave an absorbance outside the normal range, giving a specificity of 99.2%. For the 12 sera from falcons with confirmed aspergillosis, nine gave absorbance values ≥ cut-off, giving a sensitivity of 75%. The Afmp1p-based ELISA is useful for serodiagnosis of falcons with aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Jörg Kinne
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ka-Fai Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Joseph
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaolong Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rekha Raghavan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - James Y M Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ginu Syriac
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shantymol Jose
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Wellehan • JF, Lierz • M, Phalen • D, Raidal • S, Styles • DK, Crosta • L, Melillo • A, Schnitzer • P, Lennox • A, Lumeij JT. Infectious disease. CURRENT THERAPY IN AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7158187 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-4671-2.00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Seyedmousavi S, Guillot J, Arné P, de Hoog GS, Mouton JW, Melchers WJG, Verweij PE. Aspergillus and aspergilloses in wild and domestic animals: a global health concern with parallels to human disease. Med Mycol 2015; 53:765-97. [PMID: 26316211 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of aspergillosis in humans and various animal species has increased over the last decades. Aspergillus species are found worldwide in humans and in almost all domestic animals and birds as well as in many wild species, causing a wide range of diseases from localized infections to fatal disseminated diseases, as well as allergic responses to inhaled conidia. Some prevalent forms of animal aspergillosis are invasive fatal infections in sea fan corals, stonebrood mummification in honey bees, pulmonary and air sac infection in birds, mycotic abortion and mammary gland infections in cattle, guttural pouch mycoses in horses, sinonasal infections in dogs and cats, and invasive pulmonary and cerebral infections in marine mammals and nonhuman primates. This article represents a comprehensive overview of the most common infections reported by Aspergillus species and the corresponding diseases in various types of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMC, the Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Dynamyc Research Group, EnvA, UPEC, UPE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Arné
- Department of Animal Production, Dynamyc Research Group, EnvA, UPEC, UPE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing, China, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and King Abdullaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johan W Mouton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMC, the Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J G Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul E Verweij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Fischer D, Lierz M. Diagnostic Procedures and Available Techniques for the Diagnosis of Aspergillosis in Birds. J Exot Pet Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Krautwald-Junghanns ME, Vorbrüggen S, Böhme J. Aspergillosis in Birds: An Overview of Treatment Options and Regimens. J Exot Pet Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cabana ÂL, Xavier MO, Poester V, Klafke GB, B.Filho PL, Martins A, S.Filho RP, Meireles MC. Serological monitoring of antibodies for an early diagnosis ofaspergillosis in captive penguins. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of detection of anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies in captive penguins by double radial agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for the aspergillosis diagnosis. We included 134 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in rehabilitation at the Center for Recovery of Marine Animals (CRAM / FURG). All of them were monitored by AGID weekly until its final destination (death or release), totalizing 660 serum samples studied. All animals were clinically accompanied and post-mortem examinations was performed in penguins that died during the studied period. A total of 28% (37/134) of the penguins died, 89.2% (33/37) due to aspergillosis, 11% (4/37) by other causes and 97 were released. From the 33 animals with proven aspergillosis, 21 presented anti- A. fumigatus antibodies by AGID, being the average interval between death and positive AGID 16.4 days. Twelve animals with negative serology died of aspergillosis. The sensitivity and specificity rates were 63.6% and 95% respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 80.7% and 88.9% respectively. These data demonstrate that the serological monitoring for detection of antibodies by AGID can be an important tool for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in penguins.
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Fischer D, Van Waeyenberghe L, Cray C, Gross M, Usleber E, Pasmans F, Martel A, Lierz M. Comparison of Diagnostic Tools for the Detection of Aspergillosis in Blood Samples of Experimentally Infected Falcons. Avian Dis 2014; 58:587-98. [DOI: 10.1637/10831-032714-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Black PA, Macek M, Tieber A, Weber M. Reference Values for Hematology, Plasma Biochemical Analysis, Plasma Protein Electrophoresis, andAspergillusSerology in Elegant-crested Tinamou (Eudromia elegans). J Avian Med Surg 2013; 27:1-6. [DOI: 10.1647/2010-026.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Burco JD, Ziccardi MH, Clemons KV, Tell LA. Evaluation of Plasma (1→3) β-D-glucan Concentrations in Birds Naturally and Experimentally Infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Avian Dis 2012; 56:183-91. [DOI: 10.1637/9697-030111-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Thierry S, Wang D, Arné P, Deville M, De Bruin B, Nieguitsila A, Pourcel C, Laroucau K, Chermette R, Huang W, Botterel F, Guillot J. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for molecular typing of Aspergillus fumigatus. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:315. [PMID: 21143842 PMCID: PMC3004892 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) is a prominent subtyping method to resolve closely related microbial isolates to provide information for establishing genetic patterns among isolates and to investigate disease outbreaks. The usefulness of MLVA was recently demonstrated for the avian major pathogen Chlamydophila psittaci. In the present study, we developed a similar method for another pathogen of birds: the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Results We selected 10 VNTR markers located on 4 different chromosomes (1, 5, 6 and 8) of A. fumigatus. These markers were tested with 57 unrelated isolates from different hosts or their environment (53 isolates from avian species in France, China or Morocco, 3 isolates from humans collected at CHU Henri Mondor hospital in France and the reference strain CBS 144.89). The Simpson index for individual markers ranged from 0.5771 to 0.8530. A combined loci index calculated with all the markers yielded an index of 0.9994. In a second step, the panel of 10 markers was used in different epidemiological situations and tested on 277 isolates, including 62 isolates from birds in Guangxi province in China, 95 isolates collected in two duck farms in France and 120 environmental isolates from a turkey hatchery in France. A database was created with the results of the present study http://minisatellites.u-psud.fr/MLVAnet/. Three major clusters of isolates were defined by using the graphing algorithm termed Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). The first cluster comprised most of the avian isolates collected in the two duck farms in France, the second cluster comprised most of the avian isolates collected in poultry farms in China and the third one comprised most of the isolates collected in the turkey hatchery in France. Conclusions MLVA displayed excellent discriminatory power. The method showed a good reproducibility. MST analysis revealed an interesting clustering with a clear separation between isolates according to their geographic origin rather than their respective hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thierry
- ENVA, UMR BIPAR, Ecopham, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Beernaert LA, Pasmans F, Van Waeyenberghe L, Haesebrouck F, Martel A. Aspergillusinfections in birds: a review. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:325-31. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2010.506210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cray C, Reavill D, Romagnano A, Van Sant F, Champagne D, Stevenson R, Rolfe V, Griffin C, Clubb S. Galactomannan Assay and Plasma Protein Electrophoresis Findings in Psittacine Birds With Aspergillosis. J Avian Med Surg 2009; 23:125-35. [DOI: 10.1647/2007-041.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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