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Updating the global occurrence of Culicoides imicola, a vector for emerging viral diseases. Sci Data 2019; 6:185. [PMID: 31570721 PMCID: PMC6768995 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Culicoides imicola is the main vector transmitting viruses causing animal diseases such as Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness, and Schmallenberg. It has become widely distributed, with reports from South Africa to southern Europe, and from western Africa to southern China. This study presents a global compendium of Culicoides imicola occurrence between 1943 and 2018, reflecting the most recently compiled and harmonized global dataset derived from peer-reviewed literature. The procedures used in producing the data, as well as the geo-coding methods, database management and technical validation procedures are described. The study provides an updated and comprehensive global database of C. imicola occurrence, consisting of 1 039 geo-coded records from 50 countries. The datasets can be used for risk mapping of the diseases transmitted by C. imicola as well as to develop the global habitat suitability for the vector.
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Lucientes J, Alarcón-Elbal P. Culicoides biting midges in Spain: A brief overview. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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3
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Jacquet S, Huber K, Pagès N, Talavera S, Burgin LE, Carpenter S, Sanders C, Dicko AH, Djerbal M, Goffredo M, Lhor Y, Lucientes J, Miranda-Chueca MA, Pereira Da Fonseca I, Ramilo DW, Setier-Rio ML, Bouyer J, Chevillon C, Balenghien T, Guis H, Garros C. Range expansion of the Bluetongue vector, Culicoides imicola, in continental France likely due to rare wind-transport events. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27247. [PMID: 27263862 PMCID: PMC4893744 DOI: 10.1038/srep27247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the northward expansion of Culicoides imicola Kieffer in recent and unprecedented outbreaks of Culicoides-borne arboviruses in southern Europe has been a significant point of contention. We combined entomological surveys, movement simulations of air-borne particles, and population genetics to reconstruct the chain of events that led to a newly colonized French area nestled at the northern foot of the Pyrenees. Simulating the movement of air-borne particles evidenced frequent wind-transport events allowing, within at most 36 hours, the immigration of midges from north-eastern Spain and Balearic Islands, and, as rare events, their immigration from Corsica. Completing the puzzle, population genetic analyses discriminated Corsica as the origin of the new population and identified two successive colonization events within west-Mediterranean basin. Our findings are of considerable importance when trying to understand the invasion of new territories by expanding species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Jacquet
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France.,CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5290 Maladies Infectieuses &Vecteurs-Ecologie, Génétique, Ecologie, Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Montpellier, France.,IRD, UR 224 MIVEGEC, BP 64501, Agropolis, 34 394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Karine Huber
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE,34398; Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Nonito Pagès
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 97170 Petit-Bourg, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE 34398 Montpellier, France.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | | | - Simon Carpenter
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - Christopher Sanders
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - Ahmadou H Dicko
- West African Science Service on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, Climate Change Economics Research Program, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Sénégal
| | - Mouloud Djerbal
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire (IMV), Laboratoire vétérinaire régional, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Youssef Lhor
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits Alimentaires (ONSSA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Javier Lucientes
- Faculdad de Veterinaria, University of Zaragoza (UZ), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - David W Ramilo
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medecina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-ULisboa), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marie-Laure Setier-Rio
- Entente interdépartementale pour la démoustication-Méditerranée (EID-Méd), Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France.,Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Christine Chevillon
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5290 Maladies Infectieuses &Vecteurs-Ecologie, Génétique, Ecologie, Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Montpellier, France.,IRD, UR 224 MIVEGEC, BP 64501, Agropolis, 34 394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Guis
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
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Jacquet S, Huber K, Guis H, Setier-Rio ML, Goffredo M, Allène X, Rakotoarivony I, Chevillon C, Bouyer J, Baldet T, Balenghien T, Garros C. Spatio-temporal genetic variation of the biting midge vector species Culicoides imicola (Ceratopogonidae) Kieffer in France. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:141. [PMID: 26968517 PMCID: PMC4788842 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Introduction of vector species into new areas represents a main driver for the emergence and worldwide spread of vector-borne diseases. This poses a substantial threat to livestock economies and public health. Culicoides imicola Kieffer, a major vector species of economically important animal viruses, is described with an apparent range expansion in Europe where it has been recorded in south-eastern continental France, its known northern distribution edge. This questioned on further C. imicola population extension and establishment into new territories. Studying the spatio-temporal genetic variation of expanding populations can provide valuable information for the design of reliable models of future spread. Methods Entomological surveys and population genetic approaches were used to assess the spatio-temporal population dynamics of C. imicola in France. Entomological surveys (2–3 consecutive years) were used to evaluate population abundances and local spread in continental France (28 sites in the Var department) and in Corsica (4 sites). We also genotyped at nine microsatellite loci insects from 3 locations in the Var department over 3 years (2008, 2010 and 2012) and from 6 locations in Corsica over 4 years (2002, 2008, 2010 and 2012). Results Entomological surveys confirmed the establishment of C. imicola populations in Var department, but indicated low abundances and no apparent expansion there within the studied period. Higher population abundances were recorded in Corsica. Our genetic data suggested the absence of spatio-temporal genetic changes within each region but a significant increase of the genetic differentiation between Corsican and Var populations through time. The lack of intra-region population structure may result from strong gene flow among populations. We discussed the observed temporal variation between Corsica and Var as being the result of genetic drift following introduction, and/or the genetic characteristics of populations at their range edge. Conclusions Our results suggest that local range expansion of C. imicola in continental France may be slowed by the low population abundances and unsuitable climatic and environmental conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1426-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Jacquet
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France. .,UMR 5290 Maladies Infectieuses & Vecteurs-Ecologie, Génétique, Ecologie, Contrôle (MIVEGEC), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,IRD, UR 224 MIVEGEC, Agropolis, BP 64501, 34 394, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Karine Huber
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Guis
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Xavier Allène
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Chevillon
- UMR 5290 Maladies Infectieuses & Vecteurs-Ecologie, Génétique, Ecologie, Contrôle (MIVEGEC), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRD, UR 224 MIVEGEC, Agropolis, BP 64501, 34 394, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A15/G, 34398, Montpellier, France
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Probst C, Gethmann JM, Kampen H, Werner D, Conraths FJ. A comparison of four light traps for collecting Culicoides biting midges. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4717-24. [PMID: 26358105 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological analyses of vector-associated diseases such as bluetongue (BT), African horse sickness, or epizootic hemorrhagic disease require substantiated data on the species diversity and activity patterns of vector species. To this end, Spain and Italy implemented extensive Culicoides biting midge monitoring programs since 2000, as several other countries did after the arrival of BT in northern Europe in 2006. The seasonal occurrence, spatial distribution, and abundance of Culicoides species, as the major results of such monitoring programs, are used as parameters for assessing the risk of virus introduction and transmission in a given area. However, the quality of entomological monitoring results fundamentally depends on the collection techniques. In this publication, we describe a Latin Square design trial carried out in Germany under field conditions in 2009/2010 to compare the efficacy of four commonly used light baited/suction traps in collecting Culicoides. A total of 2651 Culicoides were caught over 18 nights. In both years, the Onderstepoort and BG-Sentinel traps caught significantly more Culicoides than the Rieb and the CDC trap. Most specimens were caught by the Onderstepoort trap (1246, i.e., 76 % in 2009 and 819, i.e., 82 % in 2010). Most were classified as midges of the Culicoides obsoletus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Probst
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Jörn M Gethmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Doreen Werner
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Franz J Conraths
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Guichard S, Guis H, Tran A, Garros C, Balenghien T, Kriticos DJ. Worldwide niche and future potential distribution of Culicoides imicola, a major vector of bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112491. [PMID: 25391148 PMCID: PMC4229218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We modelled the ecoclimatic niche of Culicoides imicola, a major arthropod vector of midge-borne viral pathogens affecting ruminants and equids, at fine scale and on a global extent, so as to provide insight into current and future risks of disease epizootics, and increase current knowledge of the species' ecology. Based on the known distribution and ecology of C. imicola, the species' response to monthly climatic conditions was characterised using CLIMEX with 10′ spatial resolution climatic datasets. The species' climatic niche was projected worldwide and under future climatic scenarios. The validated model highlights the role of irrigation in supporting the occurrence of C. imicola in arid regions. In Europe, the modelled potential distribution of C. imicola extended further West than its reported distribution, raising questions regarding ongoing process of colonization and non-climatic habitat factors. The CLIMEX model highlighted similar ecological niches for C. imicola and the Australasian C. brevitarsis raising questions on biogeography and biosecurity. Under the climate change scenarios considered, its' modelled potential distribution could expand northward in the Northern hemisphere, whereas in Africa its range may contract in the future. The biosecurity risks from bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses need to be re-evaluated in regions where the vector's niche is suitable. Under a warmer climate, the risk of vector-borne epizootic pathogens such as bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses are likely to increase as the climate suitability for C. imicola shifts poleward, especially in Western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Guichard
- Cirad, UR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- InSTePP, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Hélène Guis
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- Cirad, UR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR15 TETIS, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Darren J. Kriticos
- InSTePP, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship and Biosecurity Flagship, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- * E-mail:
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González M, López S, Mullens BA, Baldet T, Goldarazena A. A survey of Culicoides developmental sites on a farm in northern Spain, with a brief review of immature habitats of European species. Vet Parasitol 2012; 191:81-93. [PMID: 22999100 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) belonging to the Obsoletus and Pulicaris groups are considered to be the main vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV) in non Mediterranean Europe. Selected terrestrial microhabitats (n=17) on a farm in northern Spain were sampled repeatedly over a year-long period and characterized for use by Culicoides species for immature development. Concurrent use of CDC light traps showed the presence of 37 species and 66,575 specimens of adult Culicoides. A total of 28 species and 11,396 individuals emerged from laboratory-maintained soil samples. Culicoides obsoletus and Culicoides scoticus (pooled as Obsoletus complex) were particularly abundant (comprising 58.6% and 74.5% of the total collections in light traps and emergence traps respectively). Potential key vectors of animal viruses (such as BTV) were found in two main terrestrial types of microhabitats. In the case of C. obsoletus, different types of manure (old and composted manure, manure mixed with organic matter, and fresh manure) produced most of the specimens. In contrast, larvae of C. scoticus and Culicoides lupicaris were associated with soil substantially comprised of rotting leaf litter that included the parasitic plant Lathraea clandestina. Several species, Culicoides festivipennis, Culicoides punctatus and Culicoides brunnicans, were very common in mud at pond margins. Indeed, pond microhabitats and runoff below barn rooflines supported the greatest species richness. In the pond habitat, 49.4% of Culicoides specimens emerged from mud at the water edge, as opposed to 50 cm above (32.4%) and 1 meter above waterline (18%). Similar species richness, but statistically significant differences in abundance, were observed among the four pond microhabitats. Overall, the majority of the specimens were found in the upper layer (0-3 cm), except in manure, where they preferred deeper layers (>6 cm). Maximum peaks of abundance occurred in both light traps and soil samples in summer months, whereas increased captures in autumn were noticed only in light traps. Both trapping systems failed to collect adult Culicoides midges in the coldest months of December, January and February. The literature on immature habitats of species suspected in BTV transmission in Europe, the Pulicaris group and particularly the Obsoletus group, is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel González
- NEIKER-TECNALIA, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Entomology and Virology Laboratory, 46 01080 Vitoria, Spain
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Alarcón-Elbal PM, Lucientes J. Actualización del catálogo de Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) de España. GRAELLSIA 2012. [DOI: 10.3989/graellsia.2012.v68.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jiménez-Clavero MÁ. Animal viral diseases and global change: bluetongue and West Nile fever as paradigms. Front Genet 2012; 3:105. [PMID: 22707955 PMCID: PMC3374460 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental changes have an undoubted influence on the appearance, distribution, and evolution of infectious diseases, and notably on those transmitted by vectors. Global change refers to environmental changes arising from human activities affecting the fundamental mechanisms operating in the biosphere. This paper discusses the changes observed in recent times with regard to some important arboviral (arthropod-borne viral) diseases of animals, and the role global change could have played in these variations. Two of the most important arboviral diseases of animals, bluetongue (BT) and West Nile fever/encephalitis (WNF), have been selected as models. In both cases, in the last 15 years an important leap forward has been observed, which has lead to considering them emerging diseases in different parts of the world. BT, affecting domestic ruminants, has recently afflicted livestock in Europe in an unprecedented epizootic, causing enormous economic losses. WNF affects wildlife (birds), domestic animals (equines), and humans, thus, beyond the economic consequences of its occurrence, as a zoonotic disease, it poses an important public health threat. West Nile virus (WNV) has expanded in the last 12 years worldwide, and particularly in the Americas, where it first occurred in 1999, extending throughout the Americas relentlessly since then, causing a severe epidemic of disastrous consequences for public health, wildlife, and livestock. In Europe, WNV is known long time ago, but it is since the last years of the twentieth century that its incidence has risen substantially. Circumstances such as global warming, changes in land use and water management, increase in travel, trade of animals, and others, can have an important influence in the observed changes in both diseases. The following question is raised: What is the contribution of global changes to the current increase of these diseases in the world?
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á Jiménez-Clavero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Spain
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Romón P, Higuera M, Delécolle JC, Baldet T, Aduriz G, Goldarazena A. Phenology and attraction of potential Culicoides vectors of bluetongue virus in Basque Country (northern Spain). Vet Parasitol 2012; 186:415-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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García-Lastra R, Leginagoikoa I, Plazaola JM, Ocabo B, Aduriz G, Nunes T, Juste RA. Bluetongue virus serotype 1 outbreak in the Basque Country (Northern Spain) 2007-2008. Data support a primary vector windborne transport. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34421. [PMID: 22479628 PMCID: PMC3316701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease of ruminants that has expanded its traditional global distribution in the last decade. Recently, BTV-1 emerged in Southern Spain and caused several outbreaks in livestock reaching the north of the country. The aim of this paper was to review the emergence of BTV-1 in the Basque Country (Northern Spain) during 2007 and 2008 analyzing the possibility that infected Culicoides were introduced into Basque Country by winds from the infected areas of Southern Spain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We use a complex HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model to draw wind roses and backward wind trajectories. The analysis of winds showed September 28 to October 2 as the only period for the introduction of infected midges in the Basque Country. These wind trajectories crossed through the areas affected by serotype 1 on those dates in the South of the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally meteorological data, including wind speed and humidity, and altitude along the trajectories showed suitable conditions for Culicoides survival and dispersion. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE An active infection in medium-long distance regions, wind with suitable speed, altitude and trajectory, and appropriate weather can lead to outbreaks of BTV-1 by transport of Culicoides imicola, not only over the sea (as reported previously) but also over the land. This shows that an additional factor has to be taken into account for the control of the disease which is currently essentially based on the assumption that midges will only spread the virus in a series of short hops. Moreover, the epidemiological and serological data cannot rule out the involvement of other Culicoides species in the spread of the infection, especially at a local level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose M. Plazaola
- Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Blanca Ocabo
- Departamento de Agricultura, Diputación Foral de Bizkaia, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gorka Aduriz
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, TU Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramón A. Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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Venail R, Balenghien T, Guis H, Tran A, Setier-Rio ML, Delécolle JC, Mathieu B, Cêtre-Sossah C, Martinez D, Languille J, Baldet T, Garros C. Assessing Diversity and Abundance of Vector Populations at a National Scale: Example of Culicoides Surveillance in France After Bluetongue Virus Emergence. PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28842-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Guis H, Caminade C, Calvete C, Morse AP, Tran A, Baylis M. Modelling the effects of past and future climate on the risk of bluetongue emergence in Europe. J R Soc Interface 2011; 9:339-50. [PMID: 21697167 PMCID: PMC3243388 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are among those most sensitive to climate because the ecology of vectors and the development rate of pathogens within them are highly dependent on environmental conditions. Bluetongue (BT), a recently emerged arboviral disease of ruminants in Europe, is often cited as an illustration of climate's impact on disease emergence, although no study has yet tested this association. Here, we develop a framework to quantitatively evaluate the effects of climate on BT's emergence in Europe by integrating high-resolution climate observations and model simulations within a mechanistic model of BT transmission risk. We demonstrate that a climate-driven model explains, in both space and time, many aspects of BT's recent emergence and spread, including the 2006 BT outbreak in northwest Europe which occurred in the year of highest projected risk since at least 1960. Furthermore, the model provides mechanistic insight into BT's emergence, suggesting that the drivers of emergence across Europe differ between the South and the North. Driven by simulated future climate from an ensemble of 11 regional climate models, the model projects increase in the future risk of BT emergence across most of Europe with uncertainty in rate but not in trend. The framework described here is adaptable and applicable to other diseases, where the link between climate and disease transmission risk can be quantified, permitting the evaluation of scale and uncertainty in climate change's impact on the future of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Guis
- Liverpool University Climate and Infectious Diseases of Animals (Lucinda) Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
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