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González-Pérez MI, Faulhaber B, Aranda C, Williams M, Villalonga P, Silva M, Costa Osório H, Encarnaçao J, Talavera S, Busquets N. Field evaluation of an automated mosquito surveillance system which classifies Aedes and Culex mosquitoes by genus and sex. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:97. [PMID: 38424626 PMCID: PMC10905882 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne diseases are a major concern for public and veterinary health authorities, highlighting the importance of effective vector surveillance and control programs. Traditional surveillance methods are labor-intensive and do not provide high temporal resolution, which may hinder a full assessment of the risk of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. Emerging technologies for automated remote mosquito monitoring have the potential to address these limitations; however, few studies have tested the performance of such systems in the field. METHODS In the present work, an optical sensor coupled to the entrance of a standard mosquito suction trap was used to record 14,067 mosquito flights of Aedes and Culex genera at four temperature regimes in the laboratory, and the resulting dataset was used to train a machine learning (ML) model. The trap, sensor, and ML model, which form the core of an automated mosquito surveillance system, were tested in the field for two classification purposes: to discriminate Aedes and Culex mosquitoes from other insects that enter the trap and to classify the target mosquitoes by genus and sex. The field performance of the system was assessed using balanced accuracy and regression metrics by comparing the classifications made by the system with those made by the manual inspection of the trap. RESULTS The field system discriminated the target mosquitoes (Aedes and Culex genera) with a balanced accuracy of 95.5% and classified the genus and sex of those mosquitoes with a balanced accuracy of 88.8%. An analysis of the daily and seasonal temporal dynamics of Aedes and Culex mosquito populations was also performed using the time-stamped classifications from the system. CONCLUSIONS This study reports results for automated mosquito genus and sex classification using an optical sensor coupled to a mosquito trap in the field with highly balanced accuracy. The compatibility of the sensor with commercial mosquito traps enables the sensor to be integrated into conventional mosquito surveillance methods to provide accurate automatic monitoring with high temporal resolution of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, two of the most concerning genera in terms of arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I González-Pérez
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, El Prat de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Silva
- National Institute of Health/Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, Águas de Moura, Portugal
| | - Hugo Costa Osório
- National Institute of Health/Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, Águas de Moura, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
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Gil P, Exbrayat A, Loire E, Rakotoarivony I, Charriat F, Morel C, Baldet T, Boisseau M, Marie A, Frances B, L’Ambert G, Bessat M, Otify Y, Goffredo M, Mancini G, Busquets N, Birnberg L, Talavera S, Aranda C, Ayari E, Mejri S, Sghaier S, Bennouna A, El Rhaffouli H, Balenghien T, Chlyeh G, Fassi Fihri O, Reveillaud J, Simonin Y, Eloit M, Gutierrez S. Spatial scale influences the distribution of viral diversity in the eukaryotic virome of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead054. [PMID: 37719779 PMCID: PMC10504824 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the diversity of eukaryotic viruses has recently undergone a massive expansion. This diversity could influence host physiology through yet unknown phenomena of potential interest to the fields of health and food production. However, the assembly processes of this diversity remain elusive in the eukaryotic viromes of terrestrial animals. This situation hinders hypothesis-driven tests of virome influence on host physiology. Here, we compare taxonomic diversity between different spatial scales in the eukaryotic virome of the mosquito Culex pipiens. This mosquito is a vector of human pathogens worldwide. The experimental design involved sampling in five countries in Africa and Europe around the Mediterranean Sea and large mosquito numbers to ensure a thorough exploration of virus diversity. A group of viruses was found in all countries. This core group represented a relatively large and diverse fraction of the virome. However, certain core viruses were not shared by all host individuals in a given country, and their infection rates fluctuated between countries and years. Moreover, the distribution of coinfections in individual mosquitoes suggested random co-occurrence of those core viruses. Our results also suggested differences in viromes depending on geography, with viromes tending to cluster depending on the continent. Thus, our results unveil that the overlap in taxonomic diversity can decrease with spatial scale in the eukaryotic virome of C. pipiens. Furthermore, our results show that integrating contrasted spatial scales allows us to identify assembly patterns in the mosquito virome. Such patterns can guide future studies of virome influence on mosquito physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gil
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Antoni Exbrayat
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Etienne Loire
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Florian Charriat
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Côme Morel
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Michel Boisseau
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Bessat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt
| | - Yehia Otify
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain
| | - Emna Ayari
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Selma Mejri
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Soufien Sghaier
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Amal Bennouna
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | | | - Thomas Balenghien
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Ghita Chlyeh
- Département de Production, Protection et Biotechnologies Végétales, Unité de Zoologie, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Julie Reveillaud
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier 34394, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris 75015, France
- Institut Pasteur, The OIE Collaborating Centre for Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris 75724, France
- École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - Serafin Gutierrez
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
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González-Pérez MI, Faulhaber B, Williams M, Brosa J, Aranda C, Pujol N, Verdún M, Villalonga P, Encarnação J, Busquets N, Talavera S. A novel optical sensor system for the automatic classification of mosquitoes by genus and sex with high levels of accuracy. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:190. [PMID: 35668486 PMCID: PMC9169302 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Every year, more than 700,000 people die from vector-borne diseases, mainly transmitted by mosquitoes. Vector surveillance plays a major role in the control of these diseases and requires accurate and rapid taxonomical identification. New approaches to mosquito surveillance include the use of acoustic and optical sensors in combination with machine learning techniques to provide an automatic classification of mosquitoes based on their flight characteristics, including wingbeat frequency. The development and application of these methods could enable the remote monitoring of mosquito populations in the field, which could lead to significant improvements in vector surveillance. Methods A novel optical sensor prototype coupled to a commercial mosquito trap was tested in laboratory conditions for the automatic classification of mosquitoes by genus and sex. Recordings of > 4300 laboratory-reared mosquitoes of Aedes and Culex genera were made using the sensor. The chosen genera include mosquito species that have a major impact on public health in many parts of the world. Five features were extracted from each recording to form balanced datasets and used for the training and evaluation of five different machine learning algorithms to achieve the best model for mosquito classification. Results The best accuracy results achieved using machine learning were: 94.2% for genus classification, 99.4% for sex classification of Aedes, and 100% for sex classification of Culex. The best algorithms and features were deep neural network with spectrogram for genus classification and gradient boosting with Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients among others for sex classification of either genus. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time that a sensor coupled to a standard mosquito suction trap has provided automatic classification of mosquito genus and sex with high accuracy using a large number of unique samples with class balance. This system represents an improvement of the state of the art in mosquito surveillance and encourages future use of the sensor for remote, real-time characterization of mosquito populations. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05324-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I González-Pérez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | | | - Josep Brosa
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | | | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Nuñez AI, Talavera S, Birnberg L, Rivas R, Pujol N, Verdún M, Aranda C, Berdugo M, Busquets N. Evidence of Zika virus horizontal and vertical transmission in Aedes albopictus from Spain but not infectious virus in saliva of the progeny. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2236-2244. [PMID: 33008282 PMCID: PMC7594878 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1830718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus mosquitoes have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector for Zika virus (ZIKV) in different countries, but there are still some gaps related to the importance of Ae. albopictus in ZIKV transmission. Recent studies on Spanish Ae. albopictus populations showed controversial results for ZIKV transmission and no studies have been performed yet to detect infectious ZIKV in saliva of progeny of infected female mosquitoes. Herein, the horizontal transmission (HT) and vertical transmission (VT) of ZIKV in field-collected Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from Spain were evaluated for ZIKV strains (African I and Asian lineages) to better estimate the risk of ZIKV transmission by Ae. albopictus. The two field-collected Ae. albopictus populations assayed were infected by all tested ZIKV strains, however differences in terms of vector competence were detected depending on strain-population combination. Moreover, a higher susceptibility to the African I lineage strain than to the Asian lineage strain was observed in both mosquito populations. On the other hand, VT was demonstrated for both ZIKV lineages, detecting the virus in both males and females of the progeny of infected females, although importantly ZIKV dissemination and transmission were not detected in the infected females from the offspring. The results of the present study demonstrate that Spanish Ae. albopictus populations could sustain virus transmission in case of ZIKV introduction, but VT would play a poor role in the ZIKV epidemiology. Overall, our results provide helpful information to health authorities to establish efficient surveillance and vector control programmes for ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Nuñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Raquel Rivas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Núria Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Servei de Control de Mosquits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Institut de Biología evolutiva de Barcelona, Universidad Pompeu Fabra-CSIC, Dr. Aigüader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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Muñoz-Muñoz F, Pagès N, Durao AF, England M, Werner D, Talavera S. Narrow versus broad: sexual dimorphism in the wing form of western European species of the subgenus Avaritia (Culicoides, Ceratopogonidae). Integr Zool 2021; 16:769-784. [PMID: 33433938 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While wing form is known to differ between males and females of the genus Culicoides, detailed studies of sexual dimorphism are lacking. In this study, we analyze sex-specific differences in the wing form of 5 species of the subgenus Avaritia, using geometric morphometrics and comparative phylogenetic methods. Our results confirm the existence of marked sexual dimorphism in the wing form of the studied species and reveal for the first time that while there is a shared general pattern of sexual shape dimorphism within the subgenus, sexual size dimorphism, and particular features of sexual shape dimorphism differ among species. Sexual shape dimorphism was found to be poorly associated to size and the evolutionary history of the species. The tight association of sexual shape dimorphism with aspect ratio suggests that the shape of the wing is optimized for the type of flight of each sex, that is, dispersal flight in females versus aerobatic flight in males. Moreover, the fact that interspecific shape differences are greater and more strongly associated to aspect ratio in males than in females might be indicating that in males the selective pressures affecting flight performance characteristics are more heterogeneous and/or stronger than in females among the studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nonito Pagès
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Guadeloupe, France.,ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAe, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana F Durao
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Núñez AI, Esteve-Codina A, Gómez-Garrido J, Brustolin M, Talavera S, Berdugo M, Dabad M, Alioto T, Bensaid A, Busquets N. Alteration in the Culex pipiens transcriptome reveals diverse mechanisms of the mosquito immune system implicated upon Rift Valley fever phlebovirus exposure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008870. [PMID: 33301456 PMCID: PMC7755283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) causes an emerging zoonotic disease and is mainly transmitted by Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. While Aedes aegypti-dengue virus (DENV) is the most studied model, less is known about the genes involved in infection-responses in other mosquito-arboviruses pairing. The main objective was to investigate the molecular responses of Cx. pipiens to RVFV exposure focusing mainly on genes implicated in innate immune responses. Mosquitoes were fed with blood spiked with RVFV. The fully-engorged females were pooled at 3 different time points: 2 hours post-exposure (hpe), 3- and 14-days post-exposure (dpe). Pools of mosquitoes fed with non-infected blood were also collected for comparisons. Total RNA from each mosquito pool was subjected to RNA-seq analysis and a de novo transcriptome was constructed. A total of 451 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified. Most of the transcriptomic alterations were found at an early infection stage after RVFV exposure. Forty-eight DEG related to immune infection-response were characterized. Most of them were related with the RNAi system, Toll and IMD pathways, ubiquitination pathway and apoptosis. Our findings provide for the first time a comprehensive view on Cx. pipiens-RVFV interactions at the molecular level. The early depletion of RNAi pathway genes at the onset of the RVFV infection would allow viral replication in mosquitoes. While genes from the Toll and IMD immune pathways were altered in response to RVFV none of the DEG were related to the JAK/STAT pathway. The fact that most of the DEG involved in the Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) or apoptosis were found at an early stage of infection would suggest that apoptosis plays a regulatory role in infected Cx. pipiens midguts. This study provides a number of target genes that could be used to identify new molecular targets for vector control. Rift valley fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonotic disease and it is caused by RVFV. This virus is commonly transmitted in endemic areas between wild ruminants and mosquitoes, mainly by mosquitoes of Culex and Aedes genus. Starting from the year 2000, several outbreaks have been reported outside Sub Saharan Africa, in countries facing the Mediterranean Sea (Egypt), or Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Available vaccines for ruminants present limited efficacy or residual pathogenic effects. Consequently, new strategies are urgently required to limit the expansion of this zoonotic virus. The main objective of this work is to investigate transcriptional alterations of Cx. pipiens to RVFV focusing mainly on genes implicated in conventional innate immunity pathways, RNAi mechanisms and the apoptotic process in order to evaluate the involvement of these genes in viral infection. The immune altered genes here described could be potential targets to control RVFV infection in mosquitoes. Some of the genes related to the immune defense response were previously described in others mosquito-arbovirus models, as well as in Drosophila and human. To our knowledge, this study highlights for the first time the Cx. pipiens-RVFV interactions in terms of defense infection-response and provides information for developing in the future new approaches to prevent and control the expansion of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Núñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Brustolin
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Instituto de Biología Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu i Fabra-CSIC, Dr. Aigüader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Dabad
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tyler Alioto
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu i Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Bensaid
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail:
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7
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Tang Z, Yamada H, Kraupa C, Canic S, Busquets N, Talavera S, Jiolle D, Vreysen MJB, Bouyer J, Abd-Alla AMM. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:460. [PMID: 32907625 PMCID: PMC7488135 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases primarily relies on the management of the vector. Traditional control methods are insufficient to control mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males with the aim to induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as the released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined. Methods We evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Results CHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1 and 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed the prediction of the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection. Conclusions Mosquito-borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have a SIT component by reducing the time and the manpower needed to conduct this quality control process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Tang
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria.,Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Hanano Yamada
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Kraupa
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sumejja Canic
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Davy Jiolle
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Marc J B Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria.
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Birnberg L, Aranda C, Talavera S, Núñez AI, Escosa R, Busquets N. Laboratory colonization and maintenance of Anopheles atroparvus from the Ebro Delta, Spain. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:394. [PMID: 32746901 PMCID: PMC7398269 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Historically, Anopheles atroparvus has been considered one of the most important malaria vectors in Europe. Since malaria was eradicated from the European continent, the interest in studying its vectors reduced significantly. Currently, to better assess the potential risk of malaria resurgence on the continent, there is a growing need to update the data on susceptibility of indigenous Anopheles populations to imported Plasmodium species. In order to do this, as a first step, an adequate laboratory colony of An. atroparvus is needed. Methods Anopheles atroparvus mosquitoes were captured in rice fields from the Ebro Delta (Spain). Field-caught specimens were maintained in the laboratory under simulated field-summer conditions. Adult females were artificially blood-fed on fresh whole rabbit blood for oviposition. First- to fourth-instar larvae were fed on pulverized fish and turtle food. Adults were maintained with a 10% sucrose solution ad libitum. Results An An. atroparvus population from the Ebro Delta was successfully established in the laboratory. During the colonization process, feeding and hatching rates increased, while a reduction in larval mortality rate was observed. Conclusions The present study provides a detailed rearing and maintenance protocol for An. atroparvus and a publicly available reference mosquito strain within the INFRAVEC2 project for further research studies involving vector-parasite interactions. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotty Birnberg
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Núñez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Escosa
- Consorci de Polítiques Ambientals de les Terres de l'Ebre (COPATE), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Busquets
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Tang Z, Yamada H, Kraupa C, Canic S, Busquets N, Talavera S, Jiolle D, Vreysen MJB, Bouyer J, Abd-alla A. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-32534/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases primarily relies on the management of the vector. Traditional control methods such as source reduction and chemical insecticides, have proven to be sufficient to prevent the proliferation and spread of mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males with the aim to induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as the released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined. Methods We evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV).Results CHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1, 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed the prediction of the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection. The corresponding equation uses a Ct value of 36 as a cut-off value for virus detection and a virus copy number of 108 for the positive mosquito body used to spike mosquito pools, to predict the possibility of detecting CHIK, USUV, ZIKV and WNV in mosquito pools composed of 5.08 x 105, 8.74 x 106, 2.33 x 107, and 5.24 x 105 mosquitoes respectively.Conclusion Mosquito borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have an SIT component by reducing the time and the manpower needed to conduct this quality control process.
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Tang Z, Yamada H, Kraupa C, Canic S, Busquets N, Talavera S, Jiolle D, Vreysen MJB, Bouyer J, Abd-alla A. Detection limit of viruses in mosquitoes by one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-32534/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BackgroundMosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases often relies on management of the vector. Traditional control methods such as source reduction and chemical insecticides, have proven not to be sufficient to prevent the proliferation and spread of mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males that would induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined. MethodsWe evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile (WNV) virus and Zika virus (ZIKV).ResultsCHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1, 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed predicting the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection. The corresponding equation uses a Ct value of 36 as a cut-off value for virus detection and a virus copy number of 108 for the positive mosquito body. Based on this formula, the detection limits of CHIK, USUV, ZIKV and WNV were 5.08 x 105, 8.74 x 106, 2.33 x 107, and 5.24 x 105, respectively.ConclusionMosquito borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have an SIT component.
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Birnberg L, Temmam S, Aranda C, Correa-Fiz F, Talavera S, Bigot T, Eloit M, Busquets N. Viromics on Honey-Baited FTA Cards as a New Tool for the Detection of Circulating Viruses in Mosquitoes. Viruses 2020; 12:E274. [PMID: 32121402 PMCID: PMC7150749 DOI: 10.3390/v12030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a major burden on public and animal health. Arthropod vectors, with mosquitoes being the main contributors of global disease, transmit more than 70% of the recognized EIDs. To assess new alternatives for arthropod-borne viral diseases surveillance, and for the detection of new viruses, honey-baited Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards were used as sugar bait in mosquito traps during entomological surveys at the Llobregat River Delta (Catalonia, Spain). Next generation sequencing (NGS) metagenomics analysis was applied on honey-baited FTA cards, which had been exposed to field-captured mosquitoes to characterize their associated virome. Arthropod- and plant-infecting viruses governed the virome profile on FTA cards. Twelve near-complete viral genomes were successfully obtained, suggesting good quality preservation of viral RNAs. Mosquito pools linked to the FTA cards were screened for the detection of mosquito-associated viruses by specific RT-PCRs to confirm the presence of these viruses. The circulation of viruses related to Alphamesonivirus, Quaranjavirus and unclassified Bunyavirales was detected in mosquitoes, and phylogenetic analyses revealed their similarities to viruses previously reported in other continents. To the best our knowledge, our findings constitute the first distribution record of these viruses in European mosquitoes and the first hint of insect-specific viruses in mosquitoes' saliva in field conditions, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach to monitor the transmissible fraction of the mosquitoes' virome. In conclusion, this pilot viromics study on honey-baited FTA cards was shown to be a valid approach for the detection of viruses circulating in mosquitoes, thereby setting up an alternative tool for arbovirus surveillance and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotty Birnberg
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (F.C.-F.); (S.T.)
| | - Sarah Temmam
- Institut Pasteur, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, 75015 Paris, France; (S.T.); (T.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Carles Aranda
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (F.C.-F.); (S.T.)
- Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, 08820 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (F.C.-F.); (S.T.)
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (F.C.-F.); (S.T.)
| | - Thomas Bigot
- Institut Pasteur, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, 75015 Paris, France; (S.T.); (T.B.); (M.E.)
- Institut Pasteur – Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub—Computational Biology department, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS—75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Institut Pasteur, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, 75015 Paris, France; (S.T.); (T.B.); (M.E.)
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, 94704 CEDEX, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Núria Busquets
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (F.C.-F.); (S.T.)
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Paaijmans K, Brustolin M, Aranda C, Eritja R, Talavera S, Pagès N, Huijben S. Correction: Phenotypic insecticide resistance in arbovirus mosquito vectors in Catalonia and its capital Barcelona (Spain). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229122. [PMID: 32027728 PMCID: PMC7004344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Birnberg L, Talavera S, Aranda C, Núñez AI, Napp S, Busquets N. Field-captured Aedes vexans (Meigen, 1830) is a competent vector for Rift Valley fever phlebovirus in Europe. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:484. [PMID: 31619269 PMCID: PMC6794816 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes vexans (Meigen) is considered a nuisance species in central Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is an anthropophilic and mammalophilic floodwater mosquito involved in the transmission of several arboviruses. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a relevant mosquito-borne zoonosis, affecting mainly humans and ruminants, that causes severe impact in public health and economic loses. Due to globalization and climate change, the European continent is threatened by its introduction. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the vector competence of a European field-collected Ae. vexans population. METHODS Aedes vexans field-collected larvae were reared in the laboratory under field-simulated conditions. To assess the vector competence for Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) transmission, adult F0 females were exposed to infectious blood meals containing the 56/74 RVFV strain. Additionally, intrathoracic inoculations with the same virus strain were performed to evaluate the relevance of the salivary gland barriers. Natural circulation of alphavirus, flavivirus and phlebovirus was also tested. RESULTS To our knowledge, an autochthonous Ae. vexans population was experimentally confirmed as a competent vector for RVFV for the first time. This virus was capable of infecting and disseminating within the studied Ae. vexans mosquitoes. Moreover, infectious virus was isolated from the saliva of disseminated specimens, showing their capacity to transmit the virus. Additionally, a natural infection with a circulating Mosquito flavivirus was detected. The co-infection with the Mosquito flavivirus seemed to modulate RVFV infection susceptibility in field-collected Ae. vexans, but further studies are needed to confirm its potential interference in RVFV transmission. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that field-collected European Ae. vexans would be able to transmit RVFV in case of introduction into the continent. This should be taken into consideration in the design of surveillance and control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotty Birnberg
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Núñez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Napp
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Busquets
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Aranda C, Martínez MJ, Montalvo T, Eritja R, Navero-Castillejos J, Herreros E, Marqués E, Escosa R, Corbella I, Bigas E, Picart L, Jané M, Barrabeig I, Torner N, Talavera S, Vázquez A, Sánchez-Seco MP, Busquets N. Arbovirus surveillance: first dengue virus detection in local Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Europe, Catalonia, Spain, 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 30482266 PMCID: PMC6341941 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.47.1700837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengue has emerged as the most important viral mosquito-borne disease globally. The current risk of dengue outbreaks in Europe appeared with the introduction of the vector Aedes albopictus mosquito in Mediterranean countries. Considering the increasing frequency of dengue epidemics worldwide and the movement of viraemic hosts, it is expected that new autochthonous cases will occur in the future in Europe. Arbovirus surveillance started in Catalonia in 2015 to monitor imported cases and detect possible local arboviral transmission. During 2015, 131 patients with a recent travel history to endemic countries were tested for dengue virus (DENV) and 65 dengue cases were detected. Twenty-eight patients with a febrile illness were viraemic, as demonstrated by a positive real-time RT-PCR test for DENV in serum samples. Entomological investigations around the viraemic cases led to the detection of DENV in a pool of local Ae. albopictus captured in the residency of one case. The sequence of the DENV envelope gene detected in the mosquito pool was identical to that detected in the patient. Our results show how entomological surveillance conducted around viraemic travellers can be effective for early detection of DENV in mosquitoes and thus might help to prevent possible autochthonous transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Aranda
- These authors contributed equally to this work.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,SCM, Baix Llobregat Council, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Miguel J Martínez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tomas Montalvo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servei de Vigilància i Control de Plagues Urbanes, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Eritja
- SCM, Baix Llobregat Council, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Eva Herreros
- SCM, Baix Llobregat Council, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Escosa
- Consorci de Polítiques Ambientals de les Terres de l'Ebre (COPATE), Amposta, Spain
| | - Irene Corbella
- Secretaria de Salut Pública, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Bigas
- Secretaria de Salut Pública, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Picart
- Secretaria de Salut Pública, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Jané
- Sub-directorate of Surveillance and Response to Public Health Emergencies, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Barrabeig
- Sub-directorate of Surveillance and Response to Public Health Emergencies, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Torner
- Sub-directorate of Surveillance and Response to Public Health Emergencies, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Vázquez
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Núñez AI, Talavera S, Aranda C, Birnberg L, Rivas R, Pujol N, Verdún M, Failloux AB, Busquets N. European Aedes caspius mosquitoes are experimentally unable to transmit Zika virus. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:363. [PMID: 31345269 PMCID: PMC6659212 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771) is a floodwater mosquito species widely distributed in the Western Palaearctic. As an anthropophilic species, its role as an arbovirus vector may be the key for understanding the transmission cycle of certain diseases in Europe such as Zika virus (ZIKV). Concerning vector competence for ZIKV, studies related to Ae. caspius are still scarce. ZIKV is an arbovirus that has provoked a widespread epidemic in the Pacific region (2007-2013) and in the Americas (2015-2016). ZIKV is associated with serious neurological injuries (e.g. microcephaly) and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Due to the ZIKV epidemics in the American continent, some viraemic travellers coming from endemic countries have been reported in Europe. More knowledge is therefore required to define the susceptibility of autochthonous mosquito species such as Ae. caspius for ZIKV in order to improve arbovirus surveillance and control programmes. In the present study, the vector competence of a European population of Ae. caspius was evaluated for two ZIKV lineages, the Suriname ZIKV strain (Asian lineage) and the MR766 ZIKV strain (African I lineage). Females were tested at 7, 14 and 21 days post-exposure (dpe) to infectious blood meals. An Ae. aegypti PAEA strain was used as a positive control. RESULTS Aedes caspius presented low susceptibility to ZIKV infection and the virus was only detected by RT-qPCR in body samples. Low viral loads were detected for the MR766 strain at 7 dpe and for the Suriname strain at 14 and 21 dpe. Aedes caspius was unable to produce a disseminated infection and virus transmission at any of the tested time points. Using Ae. aegypti PAEA strain, infection, dissemination and transmission rates were calculated for the Suriname ZIKV strain (Asian lineage) at each time point. For the MR766 ZIKV strain (African I lineage), while only infection rates were estimated at each time point, no dissemination or transmission were detected in either species. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study reveal that the tested Ae. caspius population has a strong midgut escape barrier that limits the dissemination or transmission of the virus. As such, it seems unlikely that European Ae. caspius mosquitoes could be involved in ZIKV transmission if ZIKV was introduced into Europe. This information may help in designing a better strategy to European surveillance and control programmes for ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Núñez
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Control de Mosquits, Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rivas
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Pujol
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Verdún
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Núria Busquets
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Paaijmans K, Brustollin M, Aranda C, Eritja R, Talavera S, Pagès N, Huijben S. Phenotypic insecticide resistance in arbovirus mosquito vectors in Catalonia and its capital Barcelona (Spain). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217860. [PMID: 31276554 PMCID: PMC6611561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A range of mosquito species that belong to the Culicidae family are responsible for the worldwide transmission of infectious arboviral diseases such as dengue fever, Zika, West Nile fever and Chikungunya fever. Spain is at risk of arbovirus outbreaks, as various arboviral diseases are frequently introduced and it has established competent vector populations. Autochthonous human cases of West Nile virus have been reported infrequently since 2004, and since October 2018 three autochthonous human case of dengue fever have been confirmed. In response to an outbreak of any arboviral disease, space spraying or fogging will be implemented to control adult mosquito populations. To ensure adulticiding is cost-effective, the insecticide susceptibility status of vectors throughout Catalonia, an autonomous region in north-eastern Spain, was assessed through standardized WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays. All Culex pipiens populations tested were resistant to at least one of the pyrethroids tested, whereas Aedes albopictus populations were susceptible to all pyrethroids tested. More detailed studies on the Cx. pipiens populations from the Barcelona area (the capital and largest city of Catalonia) revealed resistance to all four classes of public health insecticides available (pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates and organochlorides). All Ae. albopictus populations were susceptible to those classes, except for one of the tests performed with pirimiphos-methyl (an organophosphate). Pyrethroids are currently the first line chemical class to be used in space spray operations in response to an outbreak of an arboviral disease. While pyrethroids can be effective in reducing Ae. albopictus populations, this class may not be effective to control Cx. pipiens populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krijn Paaijmans
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- The Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Marco Brustollin
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, Millennium Science Complex, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Carles Aranda
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Control de Mosquits, Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Eritja
- Servei de Control de Mosquits, Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nonito Pagès
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Silvie Huijben
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
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17
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Ferrer-Gallego PP, Laguna E, Talavera S. Precisiones sobre los tipos de varios nombres de plantas descritas por Candolle. Collect Bot 2019. [DOI: 10.3989/collectbot.2019.v38.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Los respectivos “lectótipos” en el herbario G-BOIS designados por Burdet y colaboradores en 1983 para los nombres Bellis pappulosa, Carduncellus hispanicus, Centaurea bombycina, Erigeron frigidus y Senecio quinqueradiatus (Compositae) deben desestimarse ya que fueron designados en contra con lo dispuesto en el Art. 9.3 del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura. Estas especies fueron descritas por Augustin Pyramus de Candolle a patir de material recolectado por Edmond Boissier, en cuyos respectivos protólogos se especifica el material usado para las descripciones y el herbario donde está conservado. Especímenes conservados en el herbario G-DC deben considerarse como holótipos para cada uno de estos nombres.
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18
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Busquets N, Laranjo-González M, Soler M, Nicolás O, Rivas R, Talavera S, Villalba R, San Miguel E, Torner N, Aranda C, Napp S. Detection of West Nile virus lineage 2 in North-Eastern Spain (Catalonia). Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:617-621. [PMID: 30506625 PMCID: PMC7380044 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In September 2017, West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 was detected in Catalonia (Northern Spain) in northern goshawks by passive surveillance. The phylogenetic analyses showed that it was related to the Central/Southern European strains, evidencing WNV lineage 2 spread to Western Europe. WNV local transmission was later detected in bearded vultures housed at the Wildlife Recovery center where the goshawk was transferred to. Further studies, before the following period of high mosquito activity, indicated that WNV had circulated intensively in poultry and horses but only surrounding of the area where the virus was detected. In other areas of Catalonia, circulation of flaviviruses different to WNV was identified. Public Health investigations failed to detect WNV infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Mercè Soler
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació Generalitat de Catalunya, Servei de Prevenció en Salut Animal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Nicolás
- Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat, Centre de Fauna de Vallcalent, Lleida, Spain
| | - Raquel Rivas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rubén Villalba
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (MAPAMA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena San Miguel
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (MAPAMA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Torner
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Servei de Control de Mosquits, Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sebastian Napp
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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19
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Brustolin M, Santamaria C, Napp S, Verdún M, Rivas R, Pujol N, Talavera S, Busquets N. Experimental study of the susceptibility of a European Aedes albopictus strain to dengue virus under a simulated Mediterranean temperature regime. Med Vet Entomol 2018; 32:393-398. [PMID: 30051490 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) has re-emerged in Europe driven by the geographic expansion of the mosquito species Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and the introduction of the virus by viraemic travellers. In the present study, the vector competence (VC) of Ae. albopictus collected in Catalonia (northeast Spain) was evaluated for two different DENV strains, DENV-1 and DENV-2, the serotypes responsible for all outbreaks of dengue that have occurred in Europe. Mosquitoes were reared under environmental conditions mimicking the mean temperature and humidity recorded in July on the Mediterranean coast of Catalonia. Mosquitoes were fed on an artificial infectious bloodmeal and, at 14 days post-exposure, infection, disseminated infection and transmission rates (IR, DIR, TR) and transmission efficiency (TE) were determined by testing the virus in the body, legs and saliva. The tested Ae. albopictus strain was found to be susceptible to both DENV-1 and DENV-2 and to be able to transmit DENV-1. This is the first time that the VC of Ae. albopictus for DENV has been tested in Europe in this specific context (i.e. mimicking the Mediterranean temperature and humidity recorded in Catalonia in July). This study confirms the potential of Ae. albopictus to start autochthonous DENV transmission cycles in the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brustolin
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Santamaria
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Napp
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R Rivas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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20
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Talavera S, Birnberg L, Nuñez AI, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Vázquez A, Busquets N. Culex flavivirus infection in a Culex pipiens mosquito colony and its effects on vector competence for Rift Valley fever phlebovirus. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:310. [PMID: 29792223 PMCID: PMC5966921 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rift Valley fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that affects domestic ruminants and humans. Culex flavivirus is an insect-specific flavivirus that naturally exists in field mosquito populations. The influence of Culex flavivirus on Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) vector competence of Culex pipiens has not been investigated. Methods Culex flavivirus infection in a Cx. pipiens colony was studied by Culex flavivirus oral feeding and intrathoracical inoculation. Similarly, vector competence of Cx. pipiens infected with Culex flavivirus was evaluated for RVFV. Infection, dissemination, transmission rates and transmission efficiency of Culex flavivirus-infected and non-infected Cx. pipiens artificially fed with RVFV infected blood were assessed. Results Culex flavivirus was able to infect Cx. pipiens after intrathoracically inoculation in Cx. pipiens mosquitos but not after Culex flavivirus oral feeding. Culex flavivirus did not affect RVFV infection, dissemination and transmission in Cx. pipiens mosquitoes. RVFV could be detected from saliva of both the Culex flavivirus-positive and negative Cx. pipiens females without significant differences. Moreover, RVFV did not interfere with the Culex flavivirus infection in Cx. pipiens mosquitoes. Conclusions Culex flavivirus infected and non-infected Cx. pipiens transmit RVFV. Culex flavivirus existing in field-collected Cx. pipiens populations does not affect their vector competence for RVFV. Culex flavivirus may not be an efficient tool for RVFV control in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana I Nuñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Vázquez
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km. 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km. 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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21
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Talavera S, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Verdún M, Pujol N, Pagès N. Revealing potential bridge vectors for BTV and SBV: a study on Culicoides blood feeding preferences in natural ecosystems in Spain. Med Vet Entomol 2018; 32:35-40. [PMID: 28857265 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens, such as the bluetongue (BTV) and Schmallenberg (SBV) viruses, which cause important diseases in domestic and wild ruminants. As wild ruminants can contribute to overwintering and epizootics of both diseases, knowledge of the host-feeding behaviour of Culicoides in natural ecosystems is important to better understand their epidemiology. Blood-engorged Culicoides females trapped in natural areas inhabited by different wild ruminant species were genetically analysed to identify host species. The origin of bloodmeals was identified in 114 females of 14 species of Culicoides. A total of 104 (91.1%) Culicoides fed on mammals and 10 (8.9%) on birds. The most abundant host identified was red deer (66.7%), followed by humans (13%) and fallow deer (6.1%). Eleven of the 14 species of Culicoides fed exclusively on mammalian hosts. Among them, five are mammalophilic species considered to be important BTV and/or SBV vectors. The results of the present study confirm that Culicoides imicola, Culicoides obsoletus, Culicoides scoticus, Culicoides pulicaris and Culicoides punctatus fed on wild ruminants, and therefore support the hypothesis that these species can act as bridge vectors by facilitating the circulation of pathogens between wild and domestic ruminant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Pagès
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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22
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Pagès N, Talavera S, Verdún M, Pujol N, Valle M, Bensaid A, Pujols J. Schmallenberg virus detection in Culicoides biting midges in Spain: First laboratory evidence for highly efficient infection of Culicoides of the Obsoletus complex and Culicoides imicola. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:e1-e6. [PMID: 28474491 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since Schmallenberg disease was discovered in 2011, the disease rapidly spread across Europe. Culicoides biting midges have been implicated as putative Schmallenberg vectors in Europe. The detection of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in field collected Culicoides was evaluated through retrospective (2011-2012) collections and captures performed in 2013. This study represents the first detection of SBV in field collected Culicoides in Spain. Infectious midges were detected at the foothills of Pyrenees, Aramunt, in the summer 2012. All the specimens infected with Schmallenberg were of the species Culicoides obsoletus s.s. confirming its putative vector status in Spain. Experimental infection on field collected Culicoides provided evidence of atypical high efficiency for SBV vector infection and transmission potential in local populations of Culicoides imicola and in Culicoides of the Obsoletus complex. However, captured individuals of C. imicola were more susceptible to SBV infection than C. obsoletus s.l. (p < .001), with an infection ratio of 0.94 and 0.63, respectively. In contrast, a Culicoides nubeculosus colony appeared to be refractory to SBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pagès
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Valle
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Bensaid
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Pujols
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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23
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Brustolin M, Talavera S, Nuñez A, Santamaría C, Rivas R, Pujol N, Valle M, Verdún M, Brun A, Pagès N, Busquets N. Rift Valley fever virus and European mosquitoes: vector competence of Culex pipiens and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus). Med Vet Entomol 2017; 31:365-372. [PMID: 28782121 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Rift Valley fever affects a large number of species, including human, and has severe impact on public health and the economy, especially in African countries. The present study examined the vector competence of three different European mosquito species, Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) form molestus (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex pipiens hybrid form and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquitoes were artificially fed with blood containing RVFV. Infection, disseminated infection and transmission efficiency were evaluated. This is the first study to assess the transmission efficiency of European mosquito species using a virulent RVFV strain. The virus disseminated in Cx. pipiens hybrid form and in S. albopicta. Moreover, infectious viral particles were isolated from saliva of both species, showing their RVFV transmission capacity. The presence of competent Cx. pipiens and S. albopicta in Spain indicates that an autochthonous outbreak of RVF may occur if the virus is introduced. These findings provide information that will help health authorities to set up efficient entomological surveillance and RVFV vector control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brustolin
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Nuñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Santamaría
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R Rivas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Valle
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Brun
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Pagès
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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Pagès N, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Verdún M, Pujol N, Talavera S. First detection of Wolbachia-infected Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Europe: Wolbachia and Cardinium infection across Culicoides communities revealed in Spain. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:582. [PMID: 29169377 PMCID: PMC5701505 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) transmit pathogens that cause important diseases. No effective technique has been found to properly control either Culicoides spp. abundance or their likelihood to transmit pathogens. Endosymbionts, particularly Wolbachia, represent powerful alternatives to control arthropods of health interest. In arthropods, Wolbachia can reduce vector fitness and vector’s pathogen transmission capacity, thus being a potential target for population reduction and replacement strategies. Results The presence of Wolbachia and Cardinium endosymbionts was screened in Spanish Culicoides spp. populations at livestock premises and natural habitats. The first detection of Wolbachia-infected Culicoides spp. in Europe is reported. The putative Palaearctic vectors for bluetongue and Schmallenberg diseases, C. imicola, C. obsoletus (s.s.) and C. pulicaris (s.l.), were infected with Wolbachia. Four genetic clusters of closely-related Wolbachia strains from A and B supergroups were detected infecting Culicoides. Cardinium strain of the C-group was detected in C. obsoletus (s.l.). Both endosymbionts, Wolbachia and Cardinium, were detected in Culicoides species of minor epidemiological relevance as well. Higher prevalence of Wolbachia infection was detected in natural habitats, while livestock premises lead to higher prevalence of Cardinium. Significant differences in the prevalence of Wolbachia, but not Cardinium, were also detected between some Culicoides species and between locations. Conclusions The presence of Wolbachia and Cardinium endosymbionts in Culicoides is expected to trigger new research towards the control of Culicoides-transmitted diseases. The results of the present study could have an impact beyond the Culicoides arena because successful Wolbachia transfection is possible even across genus and species barriers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2486-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonito Pagès
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Present address: CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France. .,Present address: ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.
| | - Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Verdún
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Pujol
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Talavera S, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Verdún M, Pagès N. Morphology and DNA barcoding reveal three species in one: description of Culicoides cryptipulicaris sp. nov. and Culicoides quasipulicaris sp. nov. in the subgenus Culicoides. Med Vet Entomol 2017; 31:178-191. [PMID: 28370147 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are well known for their importance in the field of medical and veterinary entomology. Culicoides spp. transmit a wide variety of pathogens, primarily viruses that affect animals and humans. In Europe, the most economically important disease transmitted by Culicoides is bluetongue (BT). Culicoides spp. have been recently involved as primary vectors for Schmallenberg disease. The taxonomy within the subgenus Culicoides has been historically difficult and reorganizations have been proposed regularly. The subgenus Culicoides includes species that are considered to be potential vectors for BT. High morphological intraspecific variability has been attributed to these species. This highlights the apparent presence of previously undetected cryptic species diversity in the subgenus. In the present study, a detailed morphological and molecular study of specimens belonging to Culicoides pulicaris s.l. and specimens resembling a cross between C. pulicaris and Culicoides punctatus revealed the presence of two new species: Culicoides cryptipulicaris and Culicoides quasipulicaris. Females of C. quasipulicaris and males of both species were morphologically distinguished from C. pulicaris (Linnaeus, 1758), whereas females of C. cryptipulicaris were identified using molecular techniques exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Talavera
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Pagès
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ferrer-Gallego PP, Talavera S. Tipificación de <em>Crepis sancta</em> (L.) Babc. (<em>Compositae, Cichorieae</em>). Collect Bot 2017. [DOI: 10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Se discute la tipificación del nombre Crepis sancta (L.) Babc. in Unif. Calif. Public. Bot. 19: 403 (1941) [≡ Hieracium sanctum L., Cent. Pl. II: 30 (1756), basiónimo] (Compositae, Cichorieae). La designación del correspondiente tipo está basada en la consulta del material original de Linneo y la bibliografía citada en el respectivo protólogo. El material original conservado en LINN (Herbario de Linneo en la Sociedad Linneana de Londres) es designado como el lectótipo.
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Jacquet S, Huber K, Pagès N, Talavera S, Burgin LE, Carpenter S, Sanders C, Dicko AH, Djerbal M, Goffredo M, Lhor Y, Lucientes J, Miranda-Chueca MA, Pereira Da Fonseca I, Ramilo DW, Setier-Rio ML, Bouyer J, Chevillon C, Balenghien T, Guis H, Garros C. Range expansion of the Bluetongue vector, Culicoides imicola, in continental France likely due to rare wind-transport events. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27247. [PMID: 27263862 PMCID: PMC4893744 DOI: 10.1038/srep27247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the northward expansion of Culicoides imicola Kieffer in recent and unprecedented outbreaks of Culicoides-borne arboviruses in southern Europe has been a significant point of contention. We combined entomological surveys, movement simulations of air-borne particles, and population genetics to reconstruct the chain of events that led to a newly colonized French area nestled at the northern foot of the Pyrenees. Simulating the movement of air-borne particles evidenced frequent wind-transport events allowing, within at most 36 hours, the immigration of midges from north-eastern Spain and Balearic Islands, and, as rare events, their immigration from Corsica. Completing the puzzle, population genetic analyses discriminated Corsica as the origin of the new population and identified two successive colonization events within west-Mediterranean basin. Our findings are of considerable importance when trying to understand the invasion of new territories by expanding species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Jacquet
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France.,CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5290 Maladies Infectieuses &Vecteurs-Ecologie, Génétique, Ecologie, Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Montpellier, France.,IRD, UR 224 MIVEGEC, BP 64501, Agropolis, 34 394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Karine Huber
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE,34398; Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Nonito Pagès
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 97170 Petit-Bourg, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE 34398 Montpellier, France.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | | | - Simon Carpenter
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - Christopher Sanders
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - Ahmadou H Dicko
- West African Science Service on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, Climate Change Economics Research Program, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Sénégal
| | - Mouloud Djerbal
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire (IMV), Laboratoire vétérinaire régional, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Youssef Lhor
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits Alimentaires (ONSSA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Javier Lucientes
- Faculdad de Veterinaria, University of Zaragoza (UZ), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - David W Ramilo
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medecina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-ULisboa), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marie-Laure Setier-Rio
- Entente interdépartementale pour la démoustication-Méditerranée (EID-Méd), Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France.,Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Christine Chevillon
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5290 Maladies Infectieuses &Vecteurs-Ecologie, Génétique, Ecologie, Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Montpellier, France.,IRD, UR 224 MIVEGEC, BP 64501, Agropolis, 34 394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Guis
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
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Brustolin M, Talavera S, Santamaría C, Rivas R, Pujol N, Aranda C, Marquès E, Valle M, Verdún M, Pagès N, Busquets N. Culex pipiens and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) populations as vectors for lineage 1 and 2 West Nile virus in Europe. Med Vet Entomol 2016; 30:166-173. [PMID: 26890285 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The emerging disease West Nile fever is caused by West Nile virus (WNV), one of the most widespread arboviruses. This study represents the first test of the vectorial competence of European Culex pipiens Linnaeus 1758 and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) (both: Diptera: Culicidae) populations for lineage 1 and 2 WNV isolated in Europe. Culex pipiens and S. albopicta populations were susceptible to WNV infection, had disseminated infection, and were capable of transmitting both WNV lineages. This is the first WNV competence assay to maintain mosquito specimens under environmental conditions mimicking the field (day/night) conditions associated with the period of maximum expected WNV activity. The importance of environmental conditions is discussed and the issue of how previous experiments conducted in fixed high temperatures may have overestimated WNV vector competence results with respect to natural environmental conditions is analysed. The information presented should be useful to policymakers and public health authorities for establishing effective WNV surveillance and vector control programmes. This would improve preparedness to prevent future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brustolin
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Santamaría
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rivas
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Pujol
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Aranda
- Servei de Control de Mosquits, Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Marquès
- Servei de Control de Mosquits de la Badia de Roses i del Baix Ter, Empuriabrava, Spain
| | - M Valle
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Pagès
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Busquets
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Muñoz-Muñoz F, Ramoneda J, Pagès N, Pujol N, Talavera S. Is the morphology of Culicoides intersexes parasitized by mermithid nematodes a parasite adaptation? A morphometric approach to Culicoides circumscriptus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 135:1-9. [PMID: 26809123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mermithidae is a family of endoparasitic nematodes known to cause intersexuality in arthropods. Intersexes of the genus Culicoides parasitized by mermithids have been the object of several studies aiming to describe their particular morphology. Culicoides intersexes are specimens with male genitalia and feminized sexually dimorphic structures, i.e. antennae, mouthparts and wings. To date, these specimens have only been described qualitatively and a quantitative approach supported by statistical analysis is lacking. Here we conduct morphometric analyses of sexually dimorphic structures in a sample of Culicoides circumscriptus that includes 34 intersexes with the aim of describing precisely the intersexual morphology. The morphology of antennae and the mouthparts was studied by multivariate statistical analysis of linear measures, and wing form by implementing geometric morphometrics techniques. While intersex wings proved to have a similar size to male wings, their shape was intermediate between males and females. However, when allometric shape variation was removed, the wing shape of intersexes was almost identical to that of females. The intersex antennae were morphometrically of the female type, especially when size variation was considered. In contrast, the measured mouthparts (the labrum and the third palpal segment) were halfway between males and females, even when body size was considered. Overall, the antennae and the wings showed a higher degree of feminization than the mouthparts. These findings indicate that the degree of feminization depends both on the morphological structure and on body size. Moreover, we propose that the feminization of the wings and antennae has an adaptive meaning for the parasite, which would favor female-like traits in order to access more easily its breeding sites, where the parasite has plenty of new hosts to infect. Female-like antennae would be beneficial to detect these sites, while having female-like wings would favor the host's capacity of dispersal to these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Josep Ramoneda
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nonito Pagès
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nuria Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Talavera S, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Durán M, Verdún M, Soler-Membrives A, Oleaga Á, Arenas A, Ruiz-Fons F, Estrada R, Pagès N. Culicoides Species Communities Associated with Wild Ruminant Ecosystems in Spain: Tracking the Way to Determine Potential Bridge Vectors for Arboviruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141667. [PMID: 26510136 PMCID: PMC4624870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Culicoides Latreille 1809 is a well-known vector for protozoa, filarial worms and, above all, numerous viruses. The Bluetongue virus (BTV) and the recently emerged Schmallenberg virus (SBV) are responsible for important infectious, non-contagious, insect-borne viral diseases found in domestic ruminants and transmitted by Culicoides spp. Both of these diseases have been detected in wild ruminants, but their role as reservoirs during the vector-free season still remains relatively unknown. In fact, we tend to ignore the possibility of wild ruminants acting as a source of disease (BTV, SBV) and permitting its reintroduction to domestic ruminants during the following vector season. In this context, a knowledge of the composition of the Culicoides species communities that inhabit areas where there are wild ruminants is of major importance as the presence of a vector species is a prerequisite for disease transmission. In this study, samplings were conducted in areas inhabited by different wild ruminant species; samples were taken in both 2009 and 2010, on a monthly basis, during the peak season for midge activity (in summer and autumn). A total of 102,693 specimens of 40 different species of the genus Culicoides were trapped; these included major BTV and SBV vector species. The most abundant vector species were C. imicola and species of the Obsoletus group, which represented 15% and 11% of total numbers of specimens, respectively. At the local scale, the presence of major BTV and SBV vector species in areas with wild ruminants coincided with that of the nearest sentinel farms included in the Spanish Bluetongue Entomological Surveillance Programme, although their relative abundance varied. The data suggest that such species do not exhibit strong host specificity towards either domestic or wild ruminants and that they could consequently play a prominent role as bridge vectors for different pathogens between both types of ruminants. This finding would support the hypothesis that wild ruminants could act as reservoirs for such pathogens, and subsequently be involved in the reintroduction of disease to livestock on neighbouring farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA- UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mauricio Durán
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Ciudad Real, Castilla la Mancha, Spain
| | - Marta Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA- UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Oleaga
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Ciudad Real, Castilla la Mancha, Spain
- SERPA, Sociedad de Servicios del Principado de Asturias S.A., Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Antonio Arenas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Ciudad Real, Castilla la Mancha, Spain
| | - Rosa Estrada
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nitu Pagès
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA- UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Venail R, Lhoir J, Fall M, del Río R, Talavera S, Labuschagne K, Miranda M, Pagès N, Venter G, Rakotoarivony I, Allène X, Scheid B, Gardès L, Gimonneau G, Lancelot R, Garros C, Cêtre-Sossah C, Balenghien T, Carpenter S, Baldet T. How do species, population and active ingredient influence insecticide susceptibility in Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of veterinary importance? Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:439. [PMID: 26310789 PMCID: PMC4551713 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culicoides biting midges are biological vectors of internationally important arboviruses of livestock and equines. Insecticides are often employed against Culicoides as a part of vector control measures, but systematic assessments of their efficacy have rarely been attempted. The objective of the present study is to determine baseline susceptibility of multiple Culicoides vector species and populations in Europe and Africa to the most commonly used insecticide active ingredients. Six active ingredients are tested: three that are based on synthetic pyrethroids (alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin) and three on organophosphates (phoxim, diazinon and chlorpyrifos-methyl). METHODS Susceptibility tests were conducted on 29,064 field-collected individuals of Culicoides obsoletus Meigen, Culicoides imicola Kieffer and a laboratory-reared Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen strain using a modified World Health Organization assay. Populations of Culicoides were tested from seven locations in four different countries (France, Spain, Senegal and South Africa) and at least four concentrations of laboratory grade active ingredients were assessed for each population. RESULTS The study revealed that insecticide susceptibility varied at both a species and population level, but that broad conclusions could be drawn regarding the efficacy of active ingredients. Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides were found to inflict greater mortality than organophosphate active ingredients and the colony strain of C. nubeculosus was significantly more susceptible than field populations. Among the synthetic pyrethroids, deltamethrin was found to be the most toxic active ingredient for all species and populations. CONCLUSIONS The data presented represent the first parallel and systematic assessment of Culicoides insecticide susceptibility across several countries. As such, they are an important baseline reference to monitor the susceptibility status of Culicoides to current insecticides and also to assess the toxicity of new active ingredients with practical implications for vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Lhoir
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles (ISRA), BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Ricardo del Río
- Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Karien Labuschagne
- Agricultural Research Council - ARC- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Miguel Miranda
- Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Nonito Pagès
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gert Venter
- Agricultural Research Council - ARC- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa.
| | | | - Xavier Allène
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Laëtitia Gardès
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
- Institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles (ISRA), BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Thomas Balenghien
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Simon Carpenter
- The Pirbright Institute, Vector-borne Viral Disease Programme, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Thierry Baldet
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
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Muñoz-Muñoz F, Talavera S, Carpenter S, Nielsen SA, Werner D, Pagès N. Phenotypic differentiation and phylogenetic signal of wing shape in western European biting midges, Culicoides spp., of the subgenus Avaritia. Med Vet Entomol 2014; 28:319-329. [PMID: 24387691 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade biting midges of the subgenus Avaritia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) have been popular subjects of applied entomological studies in Europe owing to their implication as biological vectors in outbreaks of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses. This study uses a combination of cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcode sequencing and geometric morphometric analyses to investigate wing shape as a means to infer species identification within this subgenus. In addition the congruence of morphological data with different phylogenetic hypotheses is tested. Five different species of the subgenus Avaritia were considered in the study (C. obsoletus (Meigen); C. scoticus Kettle and Lawson; C. chiopterus (Meigen); C. dewulfi Goetghebuer and C. imicola (Kieffer)). The study demonstrated that over 90% of individuals could be separated correctly into species by their wing shape and that patterns of morphological differentiation derived from the geometric morphometric analyses were congruent with phylogenies generated from sequencing data. Morphological data produced are congruent with monophyly of the subgenus Avaritia and the exclusion of C. dewulfi from the group containing C. obsoletus, C. scoticus and C. chiopterus. The implications of these results and their importance in a wider context of integrating multiple data types to interpret both phylogeny and species characterization is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
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Balenghien T, Pagès N, Goffredo M, Carpenter S, Augot D, Jacquier E, Talavera S, Monaco F, Depaquit J, Grillet C, Pujols J, Satta G, Kasbari M, Setier-Rio ML, Izzo F, Alkan C, Delécolle JC, Quaglia M, Charrel R, Polci A, Bréard E, Federici V, Cêtre-Sossah C, Garros C. The emergence of Schmallenberg virus across Culicoides communities and ecosystems in Europe. Prev Vet Med 2014; 116:360-9. [PMID: 24698329 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel arboviral pathogen, has emerged and spread across Europe since 2011 inflicting congenital deformities in the offspring of infected adult ruminants. Several species of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) have been implicated in the transmission of SBV through studies conducted in northern Europe. In this study Culicoides from SBV outbreak areas of mainland France and Italy (Sardinia) were screened for viral RNA. The role of both C. obsoletus and the Obsoletus complex (C. obsoletus and C. scoticus) in transmission of SBV were confirmed in France and SBV was also discovered in a pool of C. nubeculosus for the first time, implicating this species as a potential vector. While collections in Sardinia were dominated by C. imicola, only relatively small quantities of SBV RNA were detected in pools of this species and conclusive evidence of its potential role in transmission is required. In addition to these field-based studies, infection rates in colony-derived individuals of C. nubeculosus and field-collected C. scoticus are also examined in the laboratory. Rates of infection in C. nubeculosus were low, confirming previous studies, while preliminary examination of C. scoticus demonstrated that while this species can replicate SBV to a potentially transmissible level, further work is required to fully define comparative competence between species in the region. Finally, the oral competence for SBV of two abundant and widespread mosquito vector species in the laboratory is assessed. Neither Aedes albopictus nor Culex pipiens were demonstrated to replicate SBV to transmissible levels and appear unlikely to play a major role in transmission. Other vector competence data produced from studies across Europe to date is then comprehensively reviewed and compared with that generated previously for bluetongue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Balenghien
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Nonito Pagès
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Simon Carpenter
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Augot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 - USC « VECPAR », Reims, France
| | - Elisabeth Jacquier
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Federica Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 - USC « VECPAR », Reims, France
| | - Colette Grillet
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Joan Pujols
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Giuseppe Satta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sardegna, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Mohamed Kasbari
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 - USC « VECPAR », Reims, France
| | | | - Francesca Izzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cigdem Alkan
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales", Aix Marseille Univ, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Michela Quaglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Rémi Charrel
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales", Aix Marseille Univ, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Andrea Polci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Federici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Talavera S, Arista M, Salgueiro FJ. Population Size, Pollination and Breeding System ofSilene stockeniiChater (Caryophyllaceae), an Annual Gynodioecious Species of Southern Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Arista M, Oliveira PE, Gibbs PE, Talavera S. Pollination and Breeding System of two Co-OccurringHirtellaSpecies (Chrysobalanaceae) in Central Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1997.tb00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pages N, Bréard E, Urien C, Talavera S, Viarouge C, Lorca-Oro C, Jouneau L, Charley B, Zientara S, Bensaid A, Solanes D, Pujols J, Schwartz-Cornil I. Culicoides midge bites modulate the host response and impact on bluetongue virus infection in sheep. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83683. [PMID: 24421899 PMCID: PMC3885445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many haematophagous insects produce factors that help their blood meal and coincidently favor pathogen transmission. However nothing is known about the ability of Culicoides midges to interfere with the infectivity of the viruses they transmit. Among these, Bluetongue Virus (BTV) induces a hemorrhagic fever- type disease and its recent emergence in Europe had a major economical impact. We observed that needle inoculation of BTV8 in the site of uninfected C. nubeculosus feeding reduced viraemia and clinical disease intensity compared to plain needle inoculation. The sheep that developed the highest local inflammatory reaction had the lowest viral load, suggesting that the inflammatory response to midge bites may participate in the individual sensitivity to BTV viraemia development. Conversely compared to needle inoculation, inoculation of BTV8 by infected C. nubeculosus bites promoted viraemia and clinical symptom expression, in association with delayed IFN- induced gene expression and retarded neutralizing antibody responses. The effects of uninfected and infected midge bites on BTV viraemia and on the host response indicate that BTV transmission by infected midges is the most reliable experimental method to study the physio-pathological events relevant to a natural infection and to pertinent vaccine evaluation in the target species. It also leads the way to identify the promoting viral infectivity factors of infected Culicoides in order to possibly develop new control strategies against BTV and other Culicoides transmitted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonito Pages
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal CReSA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Bréard
- Virologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR1161, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail – Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Céline Urien
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Unité de Recherche UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal CReSA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cyril Viarouge
- Virologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR1161, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail – Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cristina Lorca-Oro
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal CReSA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Unité de Recherche UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernard Charley
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Unité de Recherche UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- Virologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR1161, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail – Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Albert Bensaid
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal CReSA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Solanes
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal CReSA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan Pujols
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal CReSA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Isabelle Schwartz-Cornil
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Unité de Recherche UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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Casimiro-Soriguer R, Herrera J, Talavera S. Andromonoecy in an Old World Papilionoid legume, Erophaca baetica. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2013; 15:353-359. [PMID: 22823201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Andromonoecy (i.e. the occurrence on individual plants of hermaphroditic and male flowers) is a rare sexual system among the angiosperms, regarded by some authors as a transitional stage from hermaphroditism to monoecy. Having discovered the occurrence of andromonoecy in Erophaca baetica (a Mediterranean shrubby legume with two subspecies), a novelty for Old World papilionoid legumes, we investigated the morpho-functional correlates and the geographical distribution of this phenomenon in the species. The relative frequencies of hermaphrodite and male flowers were determined in two field and 111 herbarium populations. Biomass allocation within flowers, pollen production and viability, pollen tube growth, nectar production and the temporal pattern of male flower production were also studied in two nearby southern Spanish populations. Virtually all of the studied populations were andromonoecious. Male flowers tended to appear at apical positions within the inflorescence, and became more abundant by the end of the flowering season. Male flowers were externally similar to hermaphroditic flowers (although with less biomass and smaller parts) and released equivalent amounts of pollen and nectar; however, their pollen germinated significantly better. Erophaca is the first example of an andromonecious Papilionoid in the Old World. Since the main difference among floral morphs in this species is functional (i.e. pollen germination rate) rather than morphological, andromonoecy is not readily noticeable, and very careful inspection may be required to reveal it. The potential effect of andromonoecy in enhancing outcrossing rate in this species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casimiro-Soriguer
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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Lee EC, Simon EP, Nickerson J, Brenner B, Talavera S, Goytia C, Arniella G, Horowitz CR. Shared governance in building community capacity: A case study of sleep apnea. Int Public Health J 2013; 5:99-104. [PMID: 25621099 PMCID: PMC4302721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
East Harlem has the highest diabetes mortality rate in New York City, NY. Using Community Based Participatory Research principles, the East Harlem Partnership for Diabetes Prevention-a community- academic partnership-formed to build community capacity with a goal to address health disparities in East Harlem. As part of prevention efforts, community partners chose to study the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and its relationship to pre-diabetes and progression to diabetes. However, community partners insisted any study of sleep apnea go beyond simple assessment to ensure the largely uninsured, minority population enrolled also have access to state of the art diagnosis and treatment. Through compromise and collaboration, the partnership developed a culturally appropriate and scientifically rigorous method to diagnose and treat sleep apnea as part of a novel research program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euny C Lee
- Departments of Health Evidence and Policy and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Ellen P. Simon
- Union Settlement Association, New York, United States of America
| | - Jillian Nickerson
- Departments of Health Evidence and Policy and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara Brenner
- Departments of Health Evidence and Policy and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Sandra Talavera
- East Harlem Partnership for Diabetes Prevention and Senior Health Partners, New York, United States of America
| | - Crispin Goytia
- East Harlem Partnership for Diabetes Prevention and Centers for Community and Academic Research Partnerships, Mount Sinai CONDUITS, New York, United States of America
| | - Guedy Arniella
- Institute for Family Health, Family Health Center at North General, 1879 Madison Ave, New York, United States of America
| | - Carol R. Horowitz
- Departments of Health Evidence and Policy and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
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Horowitz CR, Eckhardt S, Talavera S, Goytia C, Lorig K. Effectively translating diabetes prevention: a successful model in a historically underserved community. Transl Behav Med 2011; 1:443-452. [PMID: 22189897 PMCID: PMC3242468 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-011-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions can prevent diabetes through weight loss, but they are rarely translated for use in underserved communities. The aim of this study was to describe how a community-academic partnership formed and developed a program to address local health disparities by developing a low-cost, culturally and economically appropriate, peer-led community-based diabetes prevention program. Using a participatory approach, the partnership chose to focus on diabetes prevention, and co-developed all intervention, recruitment, research, and evaluation strategies. The partnership's philosophy to maintain high clinical and scientific standards paired with their ability to represent and engage the community facilitated the development of a randomized controlled trial that achieved statistically significant and sustained weight loss, and the recruitment of a largely Spanish-speaking, low income, uninsured population. The success of this intervention lies in the partnership's commitment to the community, co-ownership of research, and a careful balance between academic rigor and community engagement and relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Horowitz
- />Department of Health Evidence and Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Sarah Eckhardt
- />Department of Health Evidence and Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | | | - Crispin Goytia
- />East Harlem Partnership for Diabetes Prevention and Centers for Community and Academic Research Partnerships, Mount Sinai CONDUITS, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Kate Lorig
- />Stanford Patient Education Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
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Talavera M, Balao F, Casimiro-Soriguer R, Ortiz MÁ, Terrab A, Arista M, Ortiz PL, Stuessy TF, Talavera S. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the highly polymorphic Rumex bucephalophorus complex (Polygonaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 61:659-70. [PMID: 21864695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Rumex bucephalophorus is a very polymorphic species that has been subjected to various taxonomic studies in which diverse infraspecific taxa have been recognised on the basis of diaspore traits. In this study we used molecular markers (ITS and AFLP) to explore this remarkable diversity, to test previous hypotheses of classification, and attempt to explain biogeographic patterns. Results show that R. bucephalophorus forms a monophyletic group in which diversification began around 4.2 Mya, at the end of Messinian Salinity Crisis. The two molecular markers clearly show a deep divergence separating subsp. bucephalophorus from all other subspecific taxa, among which subsp. canariensis also constitutes a separate and well distinguishable unit. In contrast, subspecies hispanicus and subsp. gallicus constitute a monophyletic group in which three subgroups can be recognised: subsp. hispanicus, subsp. gallicus var. gallicus and subsp. gallicus var. subaegeus. However, these three subgroups are not clearly distinguished genetically or morphologically, so that in formal classification it would be preferable to treat them at the varietal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Talavera
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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Muñoz-Muñoz F, Talavera S, Pagès N. Geometric morphometrics of the wing in the subgenus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): from practical implications to evolutionary interpretations. J Med Entomol 2011; 48:129-139. [PMID: 21485347 DOI: 10.1603/me10110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille have been incriminated in transmission of bluetongue. Since 1998, the disease has spread across Europe provoking the largest epidemic ever recorded with important economic loses. Some species of the subgenus Avaritia and Culicoides have been described as candidate vectors involved in these epizootics. Both subgenera contain groups of cryptic species that could differ in their vectorial capacity. For this reason, the correct identification of vector species is considered an essential issue in epidemiological programs. In the current study, the usefulness of wing form in differentiating morphologically similar species of the subgenus Culicoides by means of geometric morphometric techniques is assessed in specimens previously identified through molecular analyses based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequences. Significant differences between species were detected in the two components of form, i.e., size and shape. Although wing size was affected by temperature, wing shape showed a more stable specific variation, allowing the proper classification of a high percentage of specimens. In addition, the concordance between phylogenies inferred from molecular data and phenetic clusters suggests the existence of a phylogenetic signal in wing shape. These findings enhance the use of this complex phenotypic trait not only to infer genetic relationships among species of the subgenus Culicoides but also as apotentially powerful tool to differentiate cryptic species within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Muñoz-Muñoz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Berjano R, Arista M, Ortiz PL, Talavera S. Persistently low fruiting success in the Mediterranean pipevine Aristolochia baetica (Aristolochiaceae): a multi-year study. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2011; 13 Suppl 1:109-117. [PMID: 21134094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Low fruit set is common in many plant species and may be caused by a variety of factors, such as predation, resource limitation or deficient pollination, or it may be an evolutionary strategy. In this paper, we investigate factors that affect fruit set in Aristolochia baetica (Aristolochiaceae), a Mediterranean pipevine found in southwest Spain. Fruit production was monitored in two populations over 4 years (2002-2005), and the causes of flower or fruit loss were determined. Experimental hand-pollinations were performed, and germinated pollen grains on the stigmas of open-pollinated flowers were quantified. Fruit set was always very low (4-14%). Floral abscission initially reduced reproductive output by more than 50%; then herbivory (6-12%) and fruit abortion (8-26%) caused further reductions. Given that the number of efficiently pollinated flowers was always higher than that of ripe fruits, and that xenogamous hand-pollination did not increase fruit set in relation to open-pollination, the final fruit production of A. baetica seems not to be pollen-limited. Fruit abortion of effectively pollinated flowers supports the idea that resource availability limits fruit set. In A. baetica, fruit abortion could lead to mate selection of the best quality fruits. Moreover, the initiated fruits that finally abort could also satiate predators, contributing to increase progeny fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Berjano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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Pagès N, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Talavera S, Sarto V, Lorca C, Núñez JI. Identification of cryptic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the subgenus Culicoides and development of species-specific PCR assays based on barcode regions. Vet Parasitol 2009; 165:298-310. [PMID: 19682796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of important diseases affecting wild and domestic animals. During the last decade they have played a major role in the epidemiology of the largest bluetongue epizootic ever recorded in Europe, the disease is transmitted between hosts almost exclusively by bites of Culicoides midges and affects both domestic and wild ruminants however severe disease usually occurs in certain breeds of sheep and some species of deer. An accurate vector identification is of major importance in arthropod borne diseases surveillance, as great differences in vectorial capacity are found even between close species. Unfortunately, specialized taxonomic knowledge of Culicoides identification is rarely available in routine surveillance, mainly based on wing morphology. Recently, some European species of Culicoides belonging to the subgenus Avaritia Fox, 1955 and Culicoides Latreille, 1809 have been described as new bluetongue virus vectors. In the present study, by using a fragment of the barcode region (COI gene) we report the presence of up to 11 species within the subgenus Culicoides in Catalonia (NE Spain), a region recently affected by a bluetongue epizootic. The molecular analysis revealed new non-described cryptic species which were grouped in three complexes of morphologically similar species, two in the Pulicaris complex resembling Culicoides pulicaris, two in the Fagineus complex resembling Culicoides fagineus and three in the Newsteadi complex resembling Culicoides newsteadi. The phylogenetic relationships among them showed that cryptic species detected in both Pulicaris and Fagineus complexes were closely related, whereas those in the Newsteadi complex were more distant. Accurate analysis of all species using morphological and molecular approaches resulted in the detection of diagnostic metric traits for cryptic species and the design of several new species-specific single and multiplex PCR assays to identify unambiguously all the species, most of them still lacking a specific molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pagès
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Berjano R, Ortiz PL, Arista M, Talavera S. Pollinators, flowering phenology and floral longevity in two Mediterranean Aristolochia species, with a review of flower visitor records for the genus. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2009; 11:6-16. [PMID: 19121109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The pollination of Aristolochia involves the temporary confinement of visitors inside the flower. A literature review has shown that some species are visited by one or a few dipteran families, while others are visited by a wider variety of dipterans, but only some of these are effective pollinators. We observed flowering phenology and temporal patterns of pollinator attendance in diverse populations of Aristolochia baetica and A. paucinervis, two species that grow in SW Spain, frequently in mixed populations. The two species had overlapping floral phenologies, extended flowering periods and long-lived flowers. A. baetica attracted a higher number of visitors than A. paucinervis. Drosophilids and, to a lesser extent, phorids, were the main pollinators of A. baetica, whereas in A. paucinervis, phorids were the only pollinators. Attendance to A. paucinervis flowers by phorids in mixed populations was markedly lower than in pure populations. This effect was more evident in years with lower pollinator density. Our results suggest that A. baetica and A. paucinervis may compete for pollinators in mixed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Berjano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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Bastida F, Talavera S, Ortiz PL, Arista M. The interaction between Cistaceae and a highly specific seed-harvester ant in a Mediterranean scrubland. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2009; 11:46-56. [PMID: 19121113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied the interaction between the ant Goniomma kugleri and Cistaceae in a Cistus ladanifer-dominated scrubland, in southwestern Spain. We monitored seed harvesting, and studied ant preferences among Cistaceae seeds and their capture efficiencies for preferred seeds. For the stand of C. ladanifer, we estimated seed losses due to the ants. Harvesting was restricted to two seasons: mid-autumn to late winter, and late spring. Ant diet relied on Cistaceae seeds: during autumn and winter 90% of seeds returned to nests were of C. ladanifer, and the remaining fraction also comprised Cistaceae seeds. At this time, the ants harvested seeds directly from the plants. In late spring, the ant diet consisted of Tuberaria guttata s.l. seeds. Goniomma kugleri selectively collected Cistaceae seeds. For preferred species, seed removal rates at the colony level and seed capture times invested by individual workers were correlated with seed size. Because of shorter capture time and higher success frequency, capture efficiency in terms of number of seeds captured per unit time was higher for small-seeded species. Although each ant colony collected large numbers (up to 10(5)) of C. ladanifer seeds over the autumn-winter season, the impact of ant removal on the annual seed output was moderate, at around 20%. It is likely that, in C. ladanifer, the staggered seed release period, and the pulsed exposure of seed clumps in capsules through progressive locule dehiscence, effectively minimise seed losses to the ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bastida
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
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Ortiz MA, Tremetsberger K, Terrab A, Stuessy TF, García-Castaño JL, Urtubey E, Baeza CM, Ruas CF, Gibbs PE, Talavera S. Phylogeography of the invasive weed Hypochaeris radicata (Asteraceae): from Moroccan origin to worldwide introduced populations. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3654-67. [PMID: 18662226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to delineate the area of origin and migratory expansion of the highly successful invasive weedy species Hypochaeris radicata, we analysed amplified fragment length polymorphisms from samples taken from 44 populations. Population sampling focused on the central and western Mediterranean area, but also included sites from Northern Spain, Western and Central Europe, Southeast Asia and South America. The six primer combinations applied to 213 individuals generated a total of 517 fragments of which 513 (99.2%) were polymorphic. The neighbour-joining tree presented five clusters and these divisions were supported by the results of Bayesian analyses: plants in the Moroccan, Betic Sierras (Southern Spain), and central Mediterranean clusters are all heterocarpic. The north and central Spanish, southwestern Sierra Morena, and Central European, Asian and South American cluster contain both heterocarpic (southwestern Sierra Morena) and homocarpic populations (all other populations). The Doñana cluster includes two homocarpic populations. Analyses of fragment parameters indicate that the oldest populations of H. radicata are located in Morocco and that the species expanded from this area in the Late Quaternary via at least three migratory routes, the earliest of which seems to have been to the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, with subsequent colonizations to the central Mediterranean area and the Betic Sierras. Homocarpic populations originated in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula and subsequently spread across north and central Spain, Central Europe and worldwide, where they became a highly successful weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo-1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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Ortiz MA, Tremetsberger K, Talavera S, Stuessy T, García-Castaño JL. Population structure of Hypochaeris salzmanniana DC. (Asteraceae), an endemic species to the Atlantic coast on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar, in relation to Quaternary sea level changes. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:541-52. [PMID: 17257112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To detect potential Pleistocene refugia and colonization routes along the Atlantic coast, we analysed amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) in 140 individuals from 14 populations of Hypochaeris salzmanniana (Asteraceae), an annual species endemic to the southwestern European and northwestern African coastal areas. Samples covered the total distributional range of the species, with eight populations in southwestern Spain and six populations in northwestern Morocco. Using nine primer combinations, we obtained 546 fragments in H. salzmanniana and its sister species H. arachnoidea of which 487 (89.2%) were polymorphic. The neighbour-joining tree shows that the populations south of the Loukos river in Morocco are clearly differentiated, having more polymorphic, private, and rare fragments, and higher genetic diversity, than all the other populations. The southernmost populations in Morocco, south of the river Sebou, form a large panmictic population. They are probably the oldest populations that have been relatively unaffected by stochastic processes resulting from Pleistocene glaciations. Northward migration of populations during this period may have resulted in loss of genetic diversity in specific regions, perhaps due to bottlenecks caused by rise in sea level during interglacial periods, and, in some cases, by changes in the breeding system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo-1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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Mendes-Rodrigues C, Carmo-Oliveira R, Talavera S, Arista M, Ortiz PL, Oliveira PE. Polyembryony and apomixis in Eriotheca pubescens (Malvaceae - Bombacoideae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2005; 7:533-40. [PMID: 16163619 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis and adventitious polyembryony have been reported for several species of Bombacoideae, including Eriotheca pubescens, a tree species of the Neotropical savanna (Cerrado) areas in Brazil. However, the origin of polyembryonic seeds and their importance for the reproduction of the species remained to be shown. Here, we analyzed the early embryology of this species to establish the apomictic origin of extranumerary embryos. We also observed the geographic distribution of polyembryony in E. pubescens, and tested if apomixis was related to the source of pollen (self or cross) and population density. Moreover, we tested if polyembryonic apomictic embryos would develop normally into seedlings. In the observed seed primordia, after a relatively long quiescent period, the zygote developed into a sexual embryo concurrently with adventitious apomictic embryos which developed from nucellus cells. Adventitious embryos develop faster than sexual ones and are morphologically similar, so that 44 days after anthesis it was virtually impossible to distinguish and trace the fate of the sexual embryo. Polyembryony is widely distributed in populations some 400 km distant, and only one strictly monoembryonic individual was observed during the study. The number of embryos per seed varied between fruits and individuals but was significantly higher in seeds from cross-pollinations than from selfs, although fruit and seed set after crosses were much lower than after selfs. Embryo development into seedlings depended on their weight at germination, but polyembryonic seeds germinated and produced up to seven seedlings per seed in greenhouse conditions. Adventitious embryony and apomictic seedlings would explain the mostly clonal populations suggested by molecular studies.
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Talavera S, Gibbs PE, Fernández-Piedra MP, Ortiz-Herrera MA. Genetic control of self-incompatibility in Anagallis monelli (Primulaceae: Myrsinaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2001; 87:589-97. [PMID: 11869350 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic control of self-incompatibility (SI) was studied in the Mediterranean short-lived perennial species Anagallis monelli (Primulaceae: Myrsinaceae). Arrays of siblings, including families derived from reciprocal crosses, were cross-pollinated in full diallels, and compatibility groups were assesssed from a census of fruit-set. Two, three and four intercompatible and intraincompatible groups were found. These crossing relationships fit the model for gametophytic SI controlled by a single polymorphic gene locus in families derived from parents with one or no S alleles in common (two vs. four compatibility groups), whilst one genotype was presumed to be missing in the small families that showed only three compatibility groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Talavera
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Apto. 1095, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Seville, Spain
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Arista M, Ortiz PL, Talavera S. Apical pattern of fruit production in the racemes of Ceratonia siliqua (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): role of pollinators. Am J Bot 1999; 86:1708-1716. [PMID: 10602764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fruit production and arrangement within the raceme were studied in two dioecious populations of Ceratonia siliqua (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), an arboreal species that produces caulogenous racemes (emerging only from the old branches) with numerous flowers. Fruit production per raceme was low and similar between years and populations and even between individuals. During flowering, there were considerable flower losses from predation and lack of pollination. A mean of nine flowers per raceme began the transformation into fruits, of which 77% aborted. The final fruit production per raceme increased significantly following hand pollination, but was always very much lower than the availability of flowers in the raceme. The results suggest that fruit production of each raceme is limited by both availability of resources and a deficient pollination. In racemes setting fruit arrangement follows a definite pattern that remains constant between years and populations: fruit production was significantly higher in the apical zone of the raceme and lower in the basal zone. The pollinators of C. siliqua (flies and wasps) showed a clear preference for beginning their visits at the apex of a raceme. As a result, the pollen load deposited on the stigmas decreased from apex to base of the raceme. In most of the flowers situated in the central and basal zone of the raceme, the number of pollen grains deposited on their stigmas was lower than the number of their ovules. The high number of seeds in developed fruits suggests that the plant selectively aborts flowers that receive a smaller pollen load. The results indicate that the final pattern of fruit arrangement within the raceme is a direct result of pollinator activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arista
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080-Sevilla, Spain
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