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Ben Braiek M, Moreno-Romieux C, André C, Astruc JM, Bardou P, Bordes A, Debat F, Fidelle F, Granado-Tajada I, Hozé C, Plisson-Petit F, Rivemale F, Sarry J, Tadi N, Woloszyn F, Fabre S. Searching for homozygous haplotype deficiency in Manech Tête Rousse dairy sheep revealed a nonsense variant in the MMUT gene affecting newborn lamb viability. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:16. [PMID: 38424485 PMCID: PMC10905913 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recessive deleterious variants are known to segregate in livestock populations, as in humans, and some may be lethal in the homozygous state. RESULTS We used phased 50 k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and pedigree data to scan the genome of 6845 Manech Tête Rousse dairy sheep to search for deficiency in homozygous haplotypes (DHH). Five Manech Tête Rousse deficient homozygous haplotypes (MTRDHH1 to 5) were identified, with a homozygous deficiency ranging from 84 to 100%. These haplotypes are located on Ovis aries chromosome (OAR)1 (MTRDHH2 and 3), OAR10 (MTRDHH4), OAR13 (MTRDHH5), and OAR20 (MTRDHH1), and have carrier frequencies ranging from 7.8 to 16.6%. When comparing at-risk matings between DHH carriers to safe matings between non-carriers, two DHH (MTRDHH1 and 2) were linked with decreased insemination success and/or increased stillbirth incidence. We investigated the MTRDHH1 haplotype, which substantially increased stillbirth rate, and identified a single nucleotide variant (SNV) inducing a premature stop codon (p.Gln409*) in the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT) gene by using a whole-genome sequencing approach. We generated homozygous lambs for the MMUT mutation by at-risk mating between heterozygous carriers, and most of them died within the first 24 h after birth without any obvious clinical symptoms. Reverse transcriptase-qPCR and western blotting on post-mortem liver and kidney biological samples showed a decreased expression of MMUT mRNA in the liver and absence of a full-length MMUT protein in the mutant homozygous lambs. CONCLUSIONS We identified five homozygous deficient haplotypes that are likely to harbor five independent deleterious recessive variants in sheep. One of these was detected in the MMUT gene, which is associated with lamb lethality in the homozygous state. A specific management of these haplotypes/variants in the MTR dairy sheep selection program would help enhance the overall fertility and lamb survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ben Braiek
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Astruc
- Institut de l'Elevage, 24 Chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31321, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Arnaud Bordes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Frédéric Debat
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Itsasne Granado-Tajada
- Department of Animal Production, NEIKER-BRTA Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Agrifood Campus of Arkaute s/n, 01080, Arkaute, Spain
| | - Chris Hozé
- Eliance, 149 Rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris, France
- GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - François Rivemale
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julien Sarry
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Némuel Tadi
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Florent Woloszyn
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Lambert S, Bauzile B, Mugnier A, Durand B, Vergne T, Paul MC. A systematic review of mechanistic models used to study avian influenza virus transmission and control. Vet Res 2023; 54:96. [PMID: 37853425 PMCID: PMC10585835 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of avian influenza A viruses in domestic birds is causing increasing socioeconomic devastation. Various mechanistic models have been developed to better understand avian influenza transmission and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures in mitigating the socioeconomic losses caused by these viruses. However, the results of models of avian influenza transmission and control have not yet been subject to a comprehensive review. Such a review could help inform policy makers and guide future modeling work. To help fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review of the mechanistic models that have been applied to field outbreaks. Our three objectives were to: (1) describe the type of models and their epidemiological context, (2) list estimates of commonly used parameters of low pathogenicity and highly pathogenic avian influenza transmission, and (3) review the characteristics of avian influenza transmission and the efficacy of control strategies according to the mechanistic models. We reviewed a total of 46 articles. Of these, 26 articles estimated parameters by fitting the model to data, one evaluated the effectiveness of control strategies, and 19 did both. Values of the between-individual reproduction number ranged widely: from 2.18 to 86 for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, and from 4.7 to 45.9 for low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses, depending on epidemiological settings, virus subtypes and host species. Other parameters, such as the durations of the latent and infectious periods, were often taken from the literature, limiting the models' potential insights. Concerning control strategies, many models evaluated culling (n = 15), while vaccination received less attention (n = 6). According to the articles reviewed, optimal control strategies varied between virus subtypes and local conditions, and depended on the overall objective of the intervention. For instance, vaccination was optimal when the objective was to limit the overall number of culled flocks. In contrast, pre-emptive culling was preferred for reducing the size and duration of an epidemic. Early implementation consistently improved the overall efficacy of interventions, highlighting the need for effective surveillance and epidemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Billy Bauzile
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Benoit Durand
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Gil P, Exbrayat A, Loire E, Rakotoarivony I, Charriat F, Morel C, Baldet T, Boisseau M, Marie A, Frances B, L’Ambert G, Bessat M, Otify Y, Goffredo M, Mancini G, Busquets N, Birnberg L, Talavera S, Aranda C, Ayari E, Mejri S, Sghaier S, Bennouna A, El Rhaffouli H, Balenghien T, Chlyeh G, Fassi Fihri O, Reveillaud J, Simonin Y, Eloit M, Gutierrez S. Spatial scale influences the distribution of viral diversity in the eukaryotic virome of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead054. [PMID: 37719779 PMCID: PMC10504824 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the diversity of eukaryotic viruses has recently undergone a massive expansion. This diversity could influence host physiology through yet unknown phenomena of potential interest to the fields of health and food production. However, the assembly processes of this diversity remain elusive in the eukaryotic viromes of terrestrial animals. This situation hinders hypothesis-driven tests of virome influence on host physiology. Here, we compare taxonomic diversity between different spatial scales in the eukaryotic virome of the mosquito Culex pipiens. This mosquito is a vector of human pathogens worldwide. The experimental design involved sampling in five countries in Africa and Europe around the Mediterranean Sea and large mosquito numbers to ensure a thorough exploration of virus diversity. A group of viruses was found in all countries. This core group represented a relatively large and diverse fraction of the virome. However, certain core viruses were not shared by all host individuals in a given country, and their infection rates fluctuated between countries and years. Moreover, the distribution of coinfections in individual mosquitoes suggested random co-occurrence of those core viruses. Our results also suggested differences in viromes depending on geography, with viromes tending to cluster depending on the continent. Thus, our results unveil that the overlap in taxonomic diversity can decrease with spatial scale in the eukaryotic virome of C. pipiens. Furthermore, our results show that integrating contrasted spatial scales allows us to identify assembly patterns in the mosquito virome. Such patterns can guide future studies of virome influence on mosquito physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gil
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Antoni Exbrayat
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Etienne Loire
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Florian Charriat
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Côme Morel
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Michel Boisseau
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Bessat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt
| | - Yehia Otify
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain
| | - Emna Ayari
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Selma Mejri
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Soufien Sghaier
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Amal Bennouna
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | | | - Thomas Balenghien
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Ghita Chlyeh
- Département de Production, Protection et Biotechnologies Végétales, Unité de Zoologie, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Julie Reveillaud
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier 34394, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris 75015, France
- Institut Pasteur, The OIE Collaborating Centre for Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris 75724, France
- École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - Serafin Gutierrez
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
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Bouchez-Zacria M, Ruette S, Richomme C, Lesellier S, Payne A, Boschiroli ML, Courcoul A, Durand B. Analysis of a multi-type resurgence of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle and badgers in Southwest France, 2007-2019. Vet Res 2023; 54:41. [PMID: 37138355 PMCID: PMC10158257 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although control measures to tackle bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle have been successful in many parts of Europe, this disease has not been eradicated in areas where Mycobacterium bovis circulates in multi-host systems. Here we analyzed the resurgence of 11 M. bovis genotypes (defined based on spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR) detected in 141 farms between 2007 and 2019, in an area of Southwestern France where wildlife infection was also detected from 2012 in 65 badgers. We used a spatially-explicit model to reconstruct the simultaneous diffusion of the 11 genotypes in cattle farms and badger populations. Effective reproduction number R was estimated to be 1.34 in 2007-2011 indicating a self-sustained M. bovis transmission by a maintenance community although within-species Rs were both < 1, indicating that neither cattle nor badger populations acted as separate reservoir hosts. From 2012, control measures were implemented, and we observed a decrease of R below 1. Spatial contrasts of the basic reproduction ratio suggested that local field conditions may favor (or penalize) local spread of bTB upon introduction into a new farm. Calculation of generation time distributions showed that the spread of M. bovis has been more rapid from cattle farms (0.5-0.7 year) than from badger groups (1.3-2.4 years). Although eradication of bTB appears possible in the study area (since R < 1), the model suggests it is a long-term prospect, because of the prolonged persistence of infection in badger groups (2.9-5.7 years). Supplementary tools and efforts to better control bTB infection in badgers (including vaccination for instance) appear necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Bouchez-Zacria
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Independent Researcher, Audincthun, France
| | - Sandrine Ruette
- French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Research and Scientific Support Direction, Vincennes, France
| | - Céline Richomme
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Malzéville, France
| | - Sandrine Lesellier
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Malzéville, France
| | - Ariane Payne
- French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Research and Scientific Support Direction, Vincennes, France
| | - Maria-Laura Boschiroli
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris-Est University, ANSES, 94700, Maisons‑Alfort, France
| | - Aurélie Courcoul
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Poissenot K, Moussu C, Brachet M, Chesneau D, Chemineau P, Lainé AL, Migaud M, Charbonnel N, Keller M. Population density does not affect seasonal regulation of reproductive physiology in male water voles. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220441. [PMID: 36815586 PMCID: PMC9945398 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most small rodent species display cyclic fluctuations in their population density. The mechanisms behind these cyclical variations are not yet clearly understood. Density-dependent effects on reproductive function could affect these population variations. The fossorial water vole ecotype, Arvicola terrestris, exhibits multi-year cyclical dynamics with outbreak peaks. Here, we monitored different water vole populations over 3 years, in spring and autumn, to evaluate whether population density is related to male reproductive physiology. Our results show an effect of season and inter-annual factors on testis mass, plasmatic testosterone level, and androgen-dependent seminal vesicle mass. By contrast, population density does not affect any of these parameters, suggesting a lack of modulation of population dynamics by population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Poissenot
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Chantal Moussu
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Morgane Brachet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Chemineau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne-Lyse Lainé
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Charbonnel
- Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, UMR INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
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Barrit T, Campion C, Aligon S, Bourbeillon J, Rousseau D, Planchet E, Teulat B. A new in vitro monitoring system reveals a specific influence of Arabidopsis nitrogen nutrition on its susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola at the seedling stage. Plant Methods 2022; 18:131. [PMID: 36482365 PMCID: PMC9733346 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seedling growth is an early phase of plant development highly susceptible to environmental factors such as soil nitrogen (N) availability or presence of seed-borne pathogens. Whereas N plays a central role in plant-pathogen interactions, its role has never been studied during this early phase for the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and Alternaria brassicicola, a seed-transmitted necrotrophic fungus. The aim of the present work was to develop an in vitro monitoring system allowing to study the impact of the fungus on A. thaliana seedling growth, while modulating N nutrition. RESULTS The developed system consists of square plates placed vertically and filled with nutrient agar medium allowing modulation of N conditions. Seeds are inoculated after sowing by depositing a droplet of conidial suspension. A specific semi-automated image analysis pipeline based on the Ilastik software was developed to quantify the impact of the fungus on seedling aerial development, calculating an index accounting for every aspect of fungal impact, namely seedling death, necrosis and developmental delay. The system also permits to monitor root elongation. The interest of the system was then confirmed by characterising how N media composition [0.1 and 5 mM of nitrate (NO3-), 5 mM of ammonium (NH4+)] affects the impact of the fungus on three A. thaliana ecotypes. Seedling development was strongly and negatively affected by the fungus. However, seedlings grown with 5 mM NO3- were less susceptible than those grown with NH4+ or 0.1 mM NO3-, which differed from what was observed with adult plants (rosette stage). CONCLUSIONS The developed monitoring system allows accurate determination of seedling growth characteristics (both on aerial and root parts) and symptoms. Altogether, this system could be used to study the impact of plant nutrition on susceptibility of various genotypes to fungi at the seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Barrit
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Claire Campion
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Aligon
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Julie Bourbeillon
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - David Rousseau
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Elisabeth Planchet
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Teulat
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France.
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Brault C, Lazerges J, Doligez A, Thomas M, Ecarnot M, Roumet P, Bertrand Y, Berger G, Pons T, François P, Le Cunff L, This P, Segura V. Interest of phenomic prediction as an alternative to genomic prediction in grapevine. Plant Methods 2022; 18:108. [PMID: 36064570 PMCID: PMC9442960 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenomic prediction has been defined as an alternative to genomic prediction by using spectra instead of molecular markers. A reflectance spectrum provides information on the biochemical composition within a tissue, itself being under genetic determinism. Thus, a relationship matrix built from spectra could potentially capture genetic signal. This new methodology has been mainly applied in several annual crop species but little is known so far about its interest in perennial species. Besides, phenomic prediction has only been tested for a restricted set of traits, mainly related to yield or phenology. This study aims at applying phenomic prediction for the first time in grapevine, using spectra collected on two tissues and over two consecutive years, on two populations and for 15 traits, related to berry composition, phenology, morphological and vigour. A major novelty of this study was to collect spectra and phenotypes several years apart from each other. First, we characterized the genetic signal in spectra and under which condition it could be maximized, then phenomic predictive ability was compared to genomic predictive ability. RESULTS For the first time, we showed that the similarity between spectra and genomic relationship matrices was stable across tissues or years, but variable across populations, with co-inertia around 0.3 and 0.6 for diversity panel and half-diallel populations, respectively. Applying a mixed model on spectra data increased phenomic predictive ability, while using spectra collected on wood or leaves from one year or another had less impact. Differences between populations were also observed for predictive ability of phenomic prediction, with an average of 0.27 for the diversity panel and 0.35 for the half-diallel. For both populations, a significant positive correlation was found across traits between predictive ability of genomic and phenomic predictions. CONCLUSION NIRS is a new low-cost alternative to genotyping for predicting complex traits in perennial species such as grapevine. Having spectra and phenotypes from different years allowed us to exclude genotype-by-environment interactions and confirms that phenomic prediction can rely only on genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brault
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
- Institut Français de la vigne et du vin, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette Lazerges
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Doligez
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Miguel Thomas
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Ecarnot
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Pierre Roumet
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Yves Bertrand
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Berger
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Pons
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre François
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Le Cunff
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
- Institut Français de la vigne et du vin, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice This
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Segura
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France.
- UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Colbach N, Felten E, Gée C, Klein A, Lannuzel L, Lecomte C, Maillot T, Strbik F, Villerd J, Moreau D. Tracking Ideal Varieties and Cropping Techniques for Agroecological Weed Management: A Simulation-Based Study on Pea. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:809056. [PMID: 35444680 PMCID: PMC9014269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.809056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pea or Pisum sativum L. is a key diversification crop, but current varieties are not very competitive against weeds. The objective was to identify, depending on the type of cropping system and weed flora, (1) the key pea parameters that drive crop production, weed control and weed contribution to biodiversity, (2) optimal combinations of pea-parameter values and crop-management techniques to maximize these goals. For this, virtual experiments were run, using FLORSYS, a mechanistic simulation model. This individual-based 3D model simulates daily crop-weed seed and plant dynamics over the years, from the cropping system and pedoclimate. Here, this model was parameterized for seven pea varieties, from experiments and literature. Moreover, ten virtual varieties were created by randomly combining variety-parameter values according to a Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) plan, respecting parameter ranges and correlations observed in the actual varieties. A global sensitivity analysis was run, using another LHS plan to combine pea varieties, crop rotations and management techniques in nine contrasting situations (e.g., conventional vs. organic, no-till, type of weed flora). Simulated data were analyzed with classification and regression trees (CART). We highlighted (1) Parameters that drive potential yield and competitivity against weeds (notably the ability to increase plant height and leaf area in shaded situations), depending on variety type (spring vs. winter) and cropping system. These are pointers for breeding varieties to regulate weeds by biological interactions; (2) Rules to guide farmers to choose the best pea variety, depending on the production goal and the cropping system; (3) The trade-off between increasing yield potential and minimizing yield losses due to weeds when choosing pea variety and management, especially in winter peas. The main pea-variety rules were the same for all performance goals, management strategies, and analyses scales, but further rules were useful for individual goals, strategies, and scales. Some variety features only fitted to particular systems (e.g., delayed pea emergence is only beneficial in case of herbicide-spraying and disastrous in unsprayed systems). Fewer variety rules should be compensated by more management rules. If one of the two main weed-control levers, herbicide or tillage, was eliminated, further pea-variety and/or management rules were needed.
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Payne A, Ruette S, Jacquier M, Richomme C, Lesellier S, Middleton S, Duhayer J, Rossi S. Estimation of Bait Uptake by Badgers, Using Non-invasive Methods, in the Perspective of Oral Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis in a French Infected Area. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:787932. [PMID: 35359678 PMCID: PMC8961513 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.787932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although France is officially declared free of bovine tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium bovis infection is still observed in several regions in cattle and wildlife, including badgers (Meles meles). In this context, vaccinating badgers should be considered as a promising strategy for the reduction in M. bovis transmission between badgers and other species, and cattle in particular. An oral vaccine consisting of live Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) contained in bait is currently under assessment for badgers, for which testing bait deployment in the field and assessing bait uptake by badgers are required. This study aimed to evaluate the bait uptake by badgers and determine the main factors influencing uptake in a TB-infected area in Burgundy, north-eastern France. The baits were delivered at 15 different setts located in the vicinity of 13 pastures within a TB-infected area, which has been subject to intense badger culling over the last decade. Pre-baits followed by baits containing a biomarker (Rhodamine B; no BCG vaccine) were delivered down sett entrances in the spring (8 days of pre-baiting and 4 days of baiting) and summer (2 days of pre-baiting and 2 days of baiting) of 2018. The consumption of the marked baits was assessed by detecting fluorescence, produced by Rhodamine B, in hair collected in hair traps positioned at the setts and on the margins of the targeted pastures. Collected hairs were also genotyped to differentiate individuals using 24 microsatellites markers and one sex marker. Bait uptake was estimated as the proportion of badgers consuming baits marked by the biomarker over all the sampled animals (individual level), per badger social group, and per targeted pasture. We found a bait uptake of 52.4% (43 marked individuals of 82 genetically identified) at the individual level and a mean of 48.9 and 50.6% at the social group and pasture levels, respectively. The bait uptake was positively associated with the presence of cubs (social group level) and negatively influenced by the intensity of previous trapping (social group and pasture levels). This study is the first conducted in France on bait deployment in a badger population of intermediate density after several years of intensive culling. The results are expected to provide valuable information toward a realistic deployment of oral vaccine baits to control TB in badger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Payne
- Wildlife Disease Unit, French Office for Biodiversity, Orléans, France
- Groupement de Défense Sanitaire de Côte d'Or, Breteniere, France
- *Correspondence: Ariane Payne
| | - Sandrine Ruette
- French Office for Biodiversity, Predators and Alien Species Unit, Birieux, France
| | - Mickaël Jacquier
- French Office for Biodiversity, Predators and Alien Species Unit, Birieux, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CNRS UMR5558, LBBE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Richomme
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzéville, France
| | - Sandrine Lesellier
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzéville, France
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, United Kingdom
| | - Sonya Middleton
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanne Duhayer
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CNRS UMR5558, LBBE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Wildlife Disease Unit, French Office for Biodiversity, Orléans, France
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10
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Michelet L, Richomme C, Réveillaud E, De Cruz K, Moyen JL, Boschiroli ML. Mycobacterium microti Infection in Red Foxes in France. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1257. [PMID: 34207760 PMCID: PMC8227042 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium microti, member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, complex is known to interfere in the screening and diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. This pathogen is increasingly detected in the frame of surveillance programs for tuberculosis in livestock and wildlife. Recently, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were found infected by Mycobacterium bovis in four French endemic areas. M. microti infection was concomitantly found during this investigation. Rates of infection by M. microti and M. bovis are not different except in one of the four areas (lower prevalence for M. microti in Charente). As for M. bovis infection, none of the infected foxes presented gross TB-like lesions. Infection of red foxes by M. microti seems to occur by ingestion of contaminated food, as mesenteric lymph nodes are mostly infected albeit no fecal excretion could be detected. Red foxes appear to be susceptible to Mycobacterium microti infection but seem to play a role of dead-end host for the transmission of this bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Michelet
- Paris-Est University, National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.M.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Céline Richomme
- Anses, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, 54220 Malzéville, France;
| | - Edouard Réveillaud
- Regional Directorate for Food, Agriculture and Forest of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Krystel De Cruz
- Paris-Est University, National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.M.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Jean-Louis Moyen
- Laboratoire Départemental d’Analyse et de Recherche de la Dordogne, 24660 Coulounieix-Chamiers, France;
| | - Maria Laura Boschiroli
- Paris-Est University, National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.M.); (K.D.C.)
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11
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Moussa M, Cauvin E, Le Piouffle A, Lucas O, Bidault A, Paillard C, Benoit F, Thuillier B, Treilles M, Travers MA, Garcia C. A MALDI-TOF MS database for fast identification of Vibrio spp. potentially pathogenic to marine mollusks. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2527-2539. [PMID: 33590268 PMCID: PMC7954726 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In mollusk aquaculture, a large number of Vibrio species are considered major pathogens. Conventional methods based on DNA amplification and sequencing used to accurately identify Vibrio species are unsuitable for monitoring programs because they are time-consuming and expensive. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop the MALDI-TOF MS method in order to establish a rapid identification technique for a large panel of Vibrio species. We created the EnviBase containing 120 main spectra projections (MSP) of the Vibrio species that are potentially responsible for mollusk diseases, comprising 25 species: V. aestuarianus, V. cortegadensis, V. tapetis and species belonging to the Coralliilyticus, Harveyi, Mediterranei, and Orientalis clades. Each MSP was constructed by the merger of raw spectra obtained from three different media and generated by three collaborating laboratories to increase the diversity of the conditions and thus obtain a good technique robustness. Perfect discrimination was obtained with all of the MSP created for the Vibrio species and even for very closely related species as V. europaeus and V. bivalvicida. The new EnviBase library was validated through a blind test on 100 Vibrio strains performed by our three collaborators who used the direct transfer and protein extraction methods. The majority of the Vibrio strains were successfully identified with the newly created EnviBase by the three laboratories for both protocol methods. This study documents the first development of a freely accessible database exclusively devoted to Vibrio found in marine environments, taking into account the high diversity of this genus. KEY POINTS: • Development of a MALDI-TOF MS database to quickly affiliate Vibrio species. • Increase of the reactivity when faced with Vibrio associated with mollusk diseases. • Validation of MALDI-TOF MS as routine diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moussa
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, F-17390, La Tremblade, France
| | - E Cauvin
- Labeo-Manche, 1352 avenue de Paris, 50000, Saint-Lô, France
| | - A Le Piouffle
- Labocea, Avenue de la Plage des Gueux, 29330, Quimper, France
| | - O Lucas
- Qualyse, ZI Montplaisir, 79220, Champdeniers Saint-Denis, France
| | - A Bidault
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - C Paillard
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - F Benoit
- Labeo-Manche, 1352 avenue de Paris, 50000, Saint-Lô, France
| | - B Thuillier
- Labocea, Avenue de la Plage des Gueux, 29330, Quimper, France
| | - M Treilles
- Qualyse, ZI Montplaisir, 79220, Champdeniers Saint-Denis, France
| | - M A Travers
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, F-17390, La Tremblade, France
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, F-34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Garcia
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, F-17390, La Tremblade, France.
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Prado A, Requier F, Crauser D, Le Conte Y, Bretagnolle V, Alaux C. Honeybee lifespan: the critical role of pre-foraging stage. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200998. [PMID: 33391795 PMCID: PMC7735337 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the various anthropogenic pressures imposed on honeybees requires characterizing the patterns and drivers of natural mortality. Using automated lifelong individual monitoring devices, we monitored worker bees in different geographical, seasonal and colony contexts creating a broad range of hive conditions. We measured their life-history traits and notably assessed whether lifespan is influenced by pre-foraging flight experience. Our results show that the age at the first flight and onset of foraging are critical factors that determine, to a large extent, lifespan. Most importantly, our results indicate that a large proportion (40%) of the bees die during pre-foraging stage, and for those surviving, the elapsed time and flight experience between the first flight and the onset of foraging is of paramount importance to maximize the number of days spent foraging. Once in the foraging stage, individuals experience a constant mortality risk of 9% and 36% per hour of foraging and per foraging day, respectively. In conclusion, the pre-foraging stage during which bees perform orientation flights is a critical driver of bee lifespan. We believe these data on the natural mortality risks in honeybee workers will help assess the impact of anthropogenic pressures on bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Prado
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, UNAM Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Fabrice Requier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Crauser
- INRAE, Abeilles and Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Yves Le Conte
- INRAE, Abeilles and Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS and La Rochelle University, UMR 7372, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France
- LTSER Zone Atelier “Plaine & Val de Sèvre”, CNRS, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Cédric Alaux
- INRAE, Abeilles and Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France
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Abstract
Grape downy mildew (GDM) is a major disease of grapevine that has an impact on both the yields of the vines and the quality of the harvested fruits. The disease is currently controlled by repetitive fungicide treatments throughout the season, especially in the Bordeaux vineyards where the average number of fungicide treatments against GDM was equal to 10.1 in 2013. Reducing the number of treatments is a major issue from both an environmental and a public health point of view. One solution would be to identify vineyards that are likely to be heavily attacked in spring and then apply fungicidal treatments only to these situations. In this perspective, we use here a dataset including 9 years of GDM observations to develop and compare several generalized linear models and machine learning algorithms predicting the probability of high incidence and severity in the Bordeaux region. The algorithms tested use the date of disease onset and/or average monthly temperatures and precipitation as input variables. The accuracy of the tested models and algorithms is assessed by year-by-year cross validation. LASSO, random forest and gradient boosting algorithms show better performance than generalized linear models. The date of onset of the disease has a greater influence on the accuracy of forecasts than weather inputs and, among weather inputs, precipitation has a greater influence than temperature. The best performing algorithm was selected to evaluate the impact of contrasted climate scenarios on GDM risk levels. Results show that risk of GDM at bunch closure decreases with reduced rainfall and increased temperatures in April-May. Our results also show that the use of fungicide treatment decision rules that take into account local characteristics would reduce the number of treatments against GDM in the Bordeaux vineyards compared to current practices by at least 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chen
- Inserm U1153, CRESS, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Raynal
- IFV, Bordeaux Nouvelle Aquitaine, UMT SEVEN, Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France
| | - David Makowski
- INRA, UMR Agronomie, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
- CIRED, 94130 Nogent-sur-Marne, France
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Ponsart C, Riou M, Locatelli Y, Jacques I, Fadeau A, Jay M, Simon R, Perrot L, Freddi L, Breton S, Chaumeil T, Blanc B, Ortiz K, Vion C, Rioult D, Quéméré E, Sarradin P, Chollet JY, Garin-Bastuji B, Rossi S. Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccination generates a higher shedding risk of the vaccine strain in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) compared to the domestic goat (Capra hircus). Vet Res 2019; 50:100. [PMID: 31775863 PMCID: PMC6882340 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations implemented in wild and domestic ruminants evidenced a reservoir for Brucella in Capra ibex in the French Alps. Vaccination was considered as a possible way to control Brucella infection in this wildlife population. Twelve ibexes and twelve goats were allocated into four groups housed separately, each including six males or six non-pregnant females. Four to five animals were vaccinated and one or two animals were contact animals. Half of the animals were necropsied 45 days post-vaccination (pv), and the remaining ones at 90 days pv. Additional samples were collected 20 and 68 days pv to explore bacterial distribution in organs and humoral immunity. Neither clinical signs nor Brucella-specific lesions were observed and all vaccinated animals seroconverted. Brucella distribution and antibody profiles were highly contrasted between both species. Proportion of infected samples was significantly higher in ibex compared to goats and decreased between 45 and 90 days pv. Two male ibex presented urogenital excretion at 20 or 45 days pv. The bacterial load was higher 45 days in ibexes compared to goats, whereas it remained moderate to low 90 days pv in both species with large variability between animals. In this experiment, differences between species remained the main source of variation, with low impact of other individual factors. To conclude, multiplicative and shedding capacity of Rev.1 was much higher in ibex compared to goats within 90 days. These results provide initial information on the potential use in natura of a commercial vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mickaël Riou
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Isabelle Jacques
- Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire Technologique (IUT), Université de Tours, 29 Rue du Pont Volant, 37082, Tours Cedex 2, France
- UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), INRA Centre Val de Loire - Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alain Fadeau
- Laboratoire de Touraine, Conseil départemental d'Indre-et-Loire, B.P. 67357, 37073, Tours Cedex 02, France
| | - Maryne Jay
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Roland Simon
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Ludivine Perrot
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvain Breton
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Thierry Chaumeil
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Barbara Blanc
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Katia Ortiz
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Colin Vion
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 9 Boulevard de la Paix, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Erwan Quéméré
- Unité Comportement et Écologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA, 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge-Auzeville CS 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Sarradin
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Yves Chollet
- Unité sanitaire de la Faune, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Expertise (DRE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), 5 rue de Saint-Thibaud, Saint-Benoît, 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- European and International Affairs Department, ANSES, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Unité sanitaire de la Faune, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Expertise (DRE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), 5 rue de Saint-Thibaud, Saint-Benoît, 78610, Auffargis, France
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