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Sun L. Effects of blood flow restriction training on anthropometric and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults: Meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1039591. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1039591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on anthropometric indicators and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases to determine the final literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and Stata 17.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results: A total of 3,985 articles were screened, and five of the studies were included in the Meta-analysis, with a total 66 participants. In each study, subjects were measured before and after BFRT. Meta-results showed that BFRT significantly reduced BMI, lowered body weight, body fat % and waist circumference, significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, lowered triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in overweight/obese adults.Conclusion: BFRT can be used as a safe and effective exercise prescription for personalized weight/fat loss. BFRT significantly reduces BMI by reducing body weight, body fat %, and waist circumference and has the effect of improving body composition. It also significantly reduced TC and LDL-C and tends to decrease TG and increase HDL-C in overweight/obese adults, potentially reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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Padilha CS, Von Ah Morano AE, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. The growing field of immunometabolism and exercise: Key findings in the last 5 years. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4001-4020. [PMID: 36052887 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This perspective review highlights the impact of physical exercise on immunometabolic responses in the past 5 years. Understanding immunometabolism as a part of immunological research is essential. Furthermore, the roles of both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on health, aging, and chronic diseases in immunometabolic changes should be elaborated. In immune cells, β2 adrenergic signaling stimulates the preferential mobilization of inflammatory phenotypes, such as CD16+ monocytes and CD8+ T cells, into the bloodstream after a physical exercise session. The mobilization of immune cells is closely related to the availability of energetic substrates for the cell and mechanisms associated with the uptake and oxidation of fatty acids and glucose. These cells, especially senescent T cells, are mobilized to the peripheral tissues and undergo apoptotic signaling, stimulating the creation of a "vacant space" where new cells will be matured and replaced in the circulation. This results in the upregulation of the expression and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1ra), leading to increased regulatory immune cells that provide immunoregulatory properties. Thus, we suggest that a significant nutrient available to the cell will favor oxidative metabolism, augment ATP production, and consequently maintain the immune cells in their quiescent state, as well as promote rapid activation function. Therefore, based on the studies discussed in this perspective review, we highlight the importance of performing moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercises, due to a higher magnitude of energetic demand and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana E Von Ah Morano
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José C Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, E LIM-26, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Deus LAD, Corrêa HDL, Neves RVP, Reis AL, Honorato FS, Araújo TBD, Souza MK, Haro AS, Silva VL, Barbosa JMDS, Padula IA, Andrade RV, Simões HG, Prestes J, Stone WJ, Melo GF, Rosa TS. Metabolic and hormonal responses to chronic blood-flow restricted resistance training in chronic kidney disease: a randomized trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:183-194. [PMID: 35062832 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of glycemic and lipemic homeostasis can limit the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Resistance training (RT) is effective in controlling glycemia and lipemia in kidney disease; however, the effect of RT with blood flow restriction (RT+BFR) on these metabolic factors has not been investigated. We aimed to verify if chronic (6 months) RT and RT+BFR performed by patients with stage-2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) improves their glycemic homeostasis and immunometabolic profiles. Patients with CKD under conservative treatment (n = 105 (33 females)) from both sexes were randomized into control (n = 35 (11 females); age 57.6 ± 5.2 years), RT (n = 35 (12 females); age 58.0 ± 6.2 years), and RT+BFR (n = 35 (10 females); 58.0 ± 6.4 years) groups. Chronic RT or RT+BFR (6 months) was performed 3 times per week on non-consecutive days with training loading adjusted every 2 months, RT 50%-60%-70% of 1RM, and RT+BFR 30%-40%+50% of 1RM and fixed repetition number. Renal function was estimated with the glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin level. Metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory assessments were analyzed from blood samples. Six months of RT and RT+BFR were similarly effective in improving glucose homeostasis and hormone mediators of glucose uptake (e.g., irisin, adiponectin, and sirtuin-1), decreasing pro-inflammatory and fibrotic proteins, and attenuating the progression of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Thus, RT+BFR can be considered an additional exercise modality to be included in the treatment of patients with stage 2 chronic kidney disease. Trial registration number: U1111-1237-8231. URL: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3gpg5w/, no. RBR-3gpg5w. Novelty: Glycemic regulation induced by resistance training prevents the progression of CKD. Chronic RT and RT+BFR promote similar changes in glycemic regulation. RT and RT+BFR can be considered as non-pharmacological tools for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysleine Alves de Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Hugo de Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Lucena Reis
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando Sousa Honorato
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sola Haro
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Lopes Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosângela Vieira Andrade
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Whitley J Stone
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, KY, USA
| | - Gislane Ferreira Melo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
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GARCIA NÁDIAF, MORAES CAMILADE, REBELO MACÁRIOA, PETERS SAVANAHMARIAG, CASTRO FÁBIOMDE, PUGGINA ENRICOF. Strength training with and without arteriovenous blood flow restriction improves performance, regardless of changes in muscle hypertrophy, in Wistar rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201147. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - ENRICO F. PUGGINA
- University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
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Figueiredo C, Padilha C, Dorneles G, Peres A, Krüger K, Rosa Neto JC, Lira F. Type and Intensity as Key Variable of Exercise in Metainflammation diseases: A Review. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:743-767. [PMID: 34902867 DOI: 10.1055/a-1720-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations exhibit functions that vary between the anti- and pro-inflammatory spectrum, such as classic CD16- and non-classical CD16+ monocytes, as well as T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2), the Th1/Th17 lymphocytes ratio, and T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg). Metabolic disease-associated inflammation is accompanied by an imbalance in monocyte and lymphocyte phenotypes and functionality, as well as a stronger proportion of inflammatory subpopulations. These changes appear to be important for the development and progression of diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical exercise is an important tool to restore the functionality of monocytes and lymphocytes, and to balance the subtypes ratio. However, key variables regarding exercise prescription, such as the type of exercise, intensity, and volume differentially impact on the acute and chronic immune response in individuals diagnosed with meta inflammation diseases. Here, we discuss the impact of different physical exercise protocols, acutely and chronically, on monocytes and lymphocytes of individuals with metabolic disease-associated inflammation. In this review, we focus on the best effects of different exercise protocols to dose the "exercise pill" in different inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Figueiredo
- Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Camila Padilha
- Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Dept. of Sport Medicine, Institute of Sport Science, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Fábio Lira
- Department of Physical Education, Unesp, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Marmett B, Carvalho RB, Dorneles GP, da Silva IM, Romão PRT, Nunes RB, Rhoden CR. Air pollution inhalation during acute exercise is dependent of the body mass index and ventilation of young men. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39019-39028. [PMID: 32642897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and physical inactivity threaten human health, and both could be solved with exercise. However, a higher amount of pollutants is inhaled during exercise. Exposure to air pollution increases the incidence and progression of diseases. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the rate of pollution inhalation of lean, overweight, and obese individuals in a low and high-intensity hypothetical exercise session. Healthy sedentary men (n = 135) classified as lean, overweight, or obese were enrolled in our study. All participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) to collect ventilation rate (VE) data, which was used to predict total ventilation and pollutant inhalation of a 5-km running session. Air pollutant concentration of São Paulo City, Brazil was evaluated and the toxicological risk was estimated based on the potential intake dose. The concentrations of PM2.5 were 29.57 μg/m3 and 51.71 μg/m3, PM10 were 45.85 μg/m3 and 74 μg/m3, NO2 were 63.71 μg/m3 and 66.65 μg/m3, and O3 were 69 μg/m3 and 37 μg/m3, respectively in the summer and winter. In the hypothetical exercise session, total VE and time in both the first and second threshold were increased in the obese group (p < 0.001) (p < 0.001). The inhalation of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3, during the hypothetical session, was increased in obese individuals (p < 0.001). Obese individuals should be considered a susceptible population, once they are more exposed to air pollution during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Roseana Böek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Igor Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Research Department - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Gravataí, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Sanchez-Schmitz G, Morrocchi E, Cooney M, Soni D, Khatun R, Palma P, Dowling DJ, Levy O. Neonatal monocytes demonstrate impaired homeostatic extravasation into a microphysiological human vascular model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17836. [PMID: 33082466 PMCID: PMC7576166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are most frequent at the extremes of life, especially among newborns, reflecting age-specific differences in immunity. Monocytes maintain tissue-homeostasis and defence-readiness by escaping circulation in the absence of inflammation to become tissue-resident antigen presenting cells in vivo. Despite equivalent circulating levels, neonates demonstrate lower presence of monocytes inside peripheral tissues as compared to adults. To study the ability of monocytes to undergo autonomous transendothelial extravasation under biologically accurate circumstances we engineered a three-dimensional human vascular-interstitial model including collagen, fibronectin, primary endothelial cells and autologous untreated plasma. This microphysiological tissue construct enabled age-specific autonomous extravasation of monocytes through a confluent human endothelium in the absence of exogenous chemokines and activation. Both CD16- and CD16+ newborn monocytes demonstrated lower adherence and extravasation as compared to adults. In contrast, pre-activated tissue constructs were colonized by newborn monocytes at the same frequency than adult monocytes, suggesting that neonatal monocytes are capable of colonizing inflamed tissues. The presence of autologous plasma neither improved newborn homeostatic extravasation nor shaped age-specific differences in endothelial cytokines that could account for this impairment. Newborn monocytes demonstrated significantly lower surface expression of CD31 and CD11b, and mechanistic experiments using blocking antibodies confirmed a functional role for CD31 and CD54 in neonatal homeostatic extravasation. Our data suggests that newborn monocytes are intrinsically impaired in extravasation through quiescent endothelia, a phenomenon that could contribute to the divergent immune responsiveness to vaccines and susceptibility to infection observed during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Academic Department of Paediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Mitchell Cooney
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahima Khatun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Paediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
- Chair of Paediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - David J Dowling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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