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Bernier RA, Sundermann EE, Edland SD, Deters KD, Shepherd AL, Clark AL, Shiroma EJ, Banks SJ. Exercise: Just What the Doctor Ordered, But Why? Elucidating Mechanisms for Women's Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Benefit From Exercise and for the Health ABC Study. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241257995. [PMID: 38835249 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241257995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is protective against cardiovascular disease. Exercise can increase HDL concentration, and some evidence suggests that this effect occurs more strongly in women than in men. Both HDL and exercise are associated with inflammation. We hypothesized a sex-by-exercise interaction on HDL level, whereby women would benefit from exercise more strongly than men, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and serum soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 would mediate this relationship. This study included 2,957 older adult participants (1,520 women; 41% Black, 59% White; 73.6-years-old) from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Regression models revealed a positive exercise-HDL relationship in women only (sex-by-exercise interaction: β = 0.09, p = .013; exercise on HDL in women: β = 0.07, p = .015), mediated by TNFα (axb = 0.15; CI: 0.01, 0.30), suggesting that exercise may increase HDL levels in women through reduced inflammation. Given that vascular risk contributes to Alzheimer's disease risk, findings have implications for sex differences in AD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Bernier
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Wentworth-Douglass Hospital Mass General Brigham, Dover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Kacie D Deters
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra L Clark
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Hamidi V, Wang H, Pham V, Bermudez Saint Andre K, Taegtmeyer H, Gutierrez AD. Chronic GLP1 therapy reduces postprandial IL6 in obese humans with prediabetes. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2024; 13:e0298. [PMID: 38187405 PMCID: PMC10769508 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Single-dose glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) therapy increases postprandial plasma IL6 levels in prediabetic, obese humans. GLP1-IL6 interactions underly multiple antidiabetic effects, but these may differ after acute versus chronic therapy. This study examines postprandial effects of GLP1 after chronic therapy. Seven humans (six Black) with prediabetes and obesity completed 6 weeks of exenatide extended release therapy. Then subjects returned for pre- and post-meal measurements of plasma IL6, GLP1, glucagon, and related inflammatory markers. Weight, which was measured before and after therapy, did not change. Plasma IL6 decreased from baseline to postmeal state ( = 0.016), with decreases in free fatty acids (P < 0.001) and increases in insulin (P = 0.002), glucose (P < 0.0001), triglycerides (P = 0.0178), and glucagon (P = 0.018). Baseline GLP1 levels matched 6 weeks of therapy. The fall in postprandial plasma IL6, which contrasts with the increase after acute therapy, highlights the need for more investigation regarding the mechanisms of acute versus chronic GLP1-IL6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vala Hamidi
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, La Jolla, California
| | - Hongyu Wang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Research Department Laboratory, Cizik School of Nursing
| | - Vi Pham
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | | | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Absalon D. Gutierrez
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
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Olenick AA, Pearson RC, Shaker N, Blankenship MM, Tinius RA, Winchester LJ, Oregon E, Maples JM. African American Females Are Less Metabolically Flexible Compared with Caucasian American Females following a Single High-Fat Meal: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12913. [PMID: 36232212 PMCID: PMC9566281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between metabolic flexibility (MF) and components of metabolic disease has not been well-studied among African American (AA) females and may play a role in the higher incidence of chronic disease among them compared with Caucasian American (CA) females. This pilot study aimed to compare the metabolic response of AA and CA females after a high-fat meal. Eleven AA (25.6 (5.6) y, 27.2 (6.0) kg/m2, 27.5 (9.7) % body fat) and twelve CA (26.5 (1.5) y, 25.7 (5.3) kg/m2, 25.0 (7.4) % body fat) women free of cardiovascular and metabolic disease and underwent a high-fat meal challenge (55.9% fat). Lipid oxidation, insulin, glucose, and interleukin (IL)-8 were measured fasted, 2 and 4 h postprandial. AA females had a significantly lower increase in lipid oxidation from baseline to 2 h postprandial (p = 0.022), and trended lower at 4 h postprandial (p = 0.081) compared with CA females, indicating worse MF. No group differences in insulin, glucose or HOMA-IR were detected. IL-8 was significantly higher in AA females compared with CA females at 2 and 4 h postprandial (p = 0.016 and p = 0.015, respectively). These findings provide evidence of metabolic and inflammatory disparities among AA females compared with CA females that could serve as a predictor of chronic disease in individuals with a disproportionately higher risk of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Olenick
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Regis C. Pearson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nuha Shaker
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Maire M. Blankenship
- School of Nursing and Allied Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Rachel A. Tinius
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Lee J. Winchester
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Evie Oregon
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Jill M. Maples
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
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Mehmood M. Letter by Mehmood Regarding Article, "Cardiac Remodeling During Pregnancy With Metabolic Syndrome: Prologue of Pathological Remodeling". Circulation 2021; 144:e68. [PMID: 34310162 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muddassir Mehmood
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville
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