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Swor K, Satyal P, Poudel A, Setzer WN. Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of Abies lasiocarpa, Picea engelmannii, Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Thuja plicata. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062477. [PMID: 36985451 PMCID: PMC10057033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conifers are of great economic value in terms of lumber production, important for construction and other uses such as pulp and paper. They are also important sources of essential oils. Conifer species have been vital to the ethnobotany and traditional herbal medicine of many different Native American groups. The objective of this work was to obtain and analyze the essential oils of several conifer species (Abies lasiocarpa, Picea engelmannii, Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Thuja plicata) growing in Idaho. The foliar essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and then analyzed by gas chromatographic methods, including GC-MS, GC-FID, and chiral GC-MS. The essential oils were obtained in varying yields from 0.66% up to 4.70%. The essential oil compositions were largely dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenoids. The chiral monoterpenoids were generally rich in the (−)-enantiomers for members of the Pinaceae, but the (+)-enantiomers predominated in the Cupressaceae. The essential oil compositions obtained in this work are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different, to previously reported compositions and confirm and complement the previous reports. However, this is the first comprehensive analysis of the chiral terpenoid components in these conifer species. Additional research on essential oils of the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae is needed to describe the chemical profiles, chemical compositions, and enantiomeric distributions more reliably in the various species and infraspecific taxa of these two families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Swor
- Independent Researcher, 1432 W. Heartland Dr., Kuna, ID 83634, USA
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA; (P.S.)
| | - Ambika Poudel
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA; (P.S.)
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA; (P.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ankney E, Swor K, Satyal P, Setzer WN. Essential Oil Compositions of Pinus Species ( P. contorta Subsp. contorta, P. ponderosa var. ponderosa, and P. flexilis); Enantiomeric Distribution of Terpenoids in Pinus Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175658. [PMID: 36080426 PMCID: PMC9457545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pinus species are important in traditional medicine throughout their ranges, and pine essential oils are of interest in aromatherapy and as topical treatments. In this work, the leaf (needle) essential oils of Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa and Pinus contorta subsp. contorta from Oregon and Pinus flexilis growing in Idaho, have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The leaf essential oil of P. ponderosa was dominated by β-pinene (21.5-55.3%), methyl chavicol (8.5-41.5%), α-pinene (3.6-9.6%), δ-3-carene (3.6-6.2%), and α-terpineol (1.4-5.3%). The major components of P. contorta essential oil were β-phellandrene (23.8%), terpinen-4-ol (11.0%). The essential oil of P. flexilis was dominated by α-pinene (37.1%), β-pinene (21.9%), bornyl acetate (12.8%), and camphene (8.5%). Chiral gas chromatography revealed the enantiomeric ratios of α-pinene and limonene to be variable, but (-)-β-pinene predominated in Pinus essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ankney
- Independent Researcher, 141 W. 17th St., Lafayette, OR 97127, USA
| | - Kathy Swor
- Independent Researcher, 1432 W. Heartland Dr., Kuna, ID 83634, USA
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-256-468-2862
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Hatch LE, Jen CN, Kreisberg NM, Selimovic V, Yokelson RJ, Stamatis C, York RA, Foster D, Stephens SL, Goldstein AH, Barsanti KC. Highly Speciated Measurements of Terpenoids Emitted from Laboratory and Mixed-Conifer Forest Prescribed Fires. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9418-9428. [PMID: 31318536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fires in the western United States are projected to increase in frequency, duration, and size. Characterized by widespread and diverse conifer forests, burning within this region may lead to significant terpenoid emissions. Terpenoids constitute a major class of highly reactive secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, with significant structure-dependent variability in reactivity and SOA-formation potential. In this study, highly speciated measurements of terpenoids emitted from laboratory and prescribed fires were achieved using two-dimensional gas chromatography. Nearly 100 terpenoids were measured in smoke samples from 71 fires, with high variability in the dominant compounds. Terpenoid emissions were dependent on plant species and tissues. Canopy/needle-derived emissions dominated in the laboratory fires, whereas woody-tissue-derived emissions dominated in the prescribed fires. Such differences likely have implications for terpenoid emissions from high vs low intensity fires and suggest that canopy-dominant laboratory fires may not accurately represent terpenoid emissions from prescribed fires or wildland fires that burn with low intensity. Predicted SOA formation was sensitive to the diversity of emitted terpenoids when compared to assuming a single terpene surrogate. Given the demonstrated linkages between fuel type, fire terpenoid emissions, and the subsequent implications for plume chemistry, speciated measurements of terpenoids in smoke derived from diverse ecosystems and fire regimes may improve air quality predictions downwind of wildland fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Hatch
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92507 , United States
| | - Coty N Jen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Nathan M Kreisberg
- Aerosol Dynamics, Incorporated , Berkeley , California 94710 , United States
| | - Vanessa Selimovic
- Department of Chemistry , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Robert J Yokelson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Christos Stamatis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92507 , United States
| | - Robert A York
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Daniel Foster
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Scott L Stephens
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kelley C Barsanti
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92507 , United States
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Lusebrink I, Erbilgin N, Evenden ML. The Effect of Water Limitation on Volatile Emission, Tree Defense Response, and Brood Success of Dendroctonus ponderosae in Two Pine Hosts, Lodgepole, and Jack Pine. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Godbout J, Yeh FC, Bousquet J. Large-scale asymmetric introgression of cytoplasmic DNA reveals Holocene range displacement in a North American boreal pine complex. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1853-66. [PMID: 22957188 PMCID: PMC3433990 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) are two North American boreal hard pines that hybridize in their zone of contact in western Canada. The main objective of this study was to characterize their patterns of introgression resulting from past and recent gene flow, using cytoplasmic markers having maternal or paternal inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity was assessed in allopatric populations of each species and in stands from the current zone of contact containing morphological hybrids. Cluster analyses were used to identify genetic discontinuities among groups of populations. A canonical analysis was also conducted to detect putative associations among cytoplasmic DNA variation, tree morphology, and site ecological features. MtDNA introgression was extensive and asymmetric: it was detected in P. banksiana populations from the hybrid zone and from allopatric areas, but not in P. contorta populations. Very weak cpDNA introgression was observed, and only in P. banksiana populations. The mtDNA introgression pattern indicated that central Canada was first colonized by migrants from a P. contorta glacial population located west of the Rocky Mountains, before being replaced by P. banksiana migrating westward during the Holocene. In contrast, extensive pollen gene flow would have erased the cpDNA traces of this ancient presence of P. contorta. Additional evidence for this process was provided by the results of canonical analysis, which indicated that the current cpDNA background of trees reflected recent pollen gene flow from the surrounding dominant species rather than historical events that took place during the postglacial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Godbout
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Francis C Yeh
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2P5
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
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Lusebrink I, Evenden ML, Blanchet FG, Cooke JEK, Erbilgin N. Effect of water stress and fungal inoculation on monoterpene emission from an historical and a new pine host of the mountain pine beetle. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:1013-26. [PMID: 21874397 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-0008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB) has killed millions of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees in Western Canada, and recent range expansion has resulted in attack of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) in Alberta. Establishment of MPB in the Boreal forest will require use of jack pine under a suite of environmental conditions different from those it typically encounters in its native range. Lodgepole and jack pine seedlings were grown under controlled environment conditions and subjected to either water deficit or well watered conditions and inoculated with Grosmannia clavigera, a MPB fungal associate. Soil water content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored over the duration of the six-week study. Monoterpene content of bark and needle tissue was measured at the end of the experiment. β-Phellandrene, the major monoterpene in lodgepole pine, was almost completely lacking in the volatile emission profile of jack pine. The major compound in jack pine was α-pinene. The emission of both compounds was positively correlated with stomatal conductance. 3-Carene was emitted at a high concentration from jack pine seedlings, which is in contrast to monoterpene profiles of jack pine from more southern and eastern parts of its range. Fungal inoculation caused a significant increase in total monoterpene emission in water deficit lodgepole pine seedlings right after its application. By 4 weeks into the experiment, water deficit seedlings of both species released significantly lower levels of total monoterpenes than well watered seedlings. Needle tissue contained lower total monoterpene content than bark. Generally, monoterpene tissue content increased over time independent from any treatment. The results suggest that monoterpenes that play a role in pine-MPB interactions differ between lodgepole and jack pine, and also that they are affected by water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Lusebrink
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Science Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Jactel H, Kleinhentz M, Marpeau-Bezard A, Marion-Poll F, Menassieu P, Burban C. Terpene variations in maritime pine constitutive oleoresin related to host tree selection byDioryctria sylvestrella RATZ. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Chem Ecol 1996; 22:1037-50. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02029953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/1995] [Accepted: 01/09/1996] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Forrest G. A rangewide comparison of outlying and central lodgepole pine populations based on oleoresin monoterpene analysis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lorbeer E, Mayr M, Hausmann B, Kratzl K. Zur Identifizierung flüchtiger Substanzen aus biologischem Material mit Hilfe der CLSA (Closed Loop Stripping Apparatus). MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00798777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Forrest G. Geographical variation in oleoresin monoterpene composition of Pinus contorta from natural stands and planted seed collections. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(81)90026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Forrest G. Variation in monoterpene composition of the shoot cortical oleoresin within and between trees of Pinus contorta. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(80)90036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zavarin E, Snajberk K, Bailey D. Variability in the essential oils of wood and foliage of Pinus aristata and Pinus longaeva. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(76)90017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Die Verteilung flüchtiger Terpene im Fichtenstamm und ihre Bedeutung für die Ausbreitungsresistenz gegenüber Fomes annosus1)1)Mit finanzieller Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(17)30752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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