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Niego AGT, Rapior S, Thongklang N, Raspé O, Hyde KD, Mortimer P. Reviewing the contributions of macrofungi to forest ecosystem processes and services. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li S, Li H, Wang R, Zhang KQ, Xu J. Fungi-Nematode Interactions: Diversity, Ecology, and Biocontrol Prospects in Agriculture. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E206. [PMID: 33020457 PMCID: PMC7711821 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi and nematodes are among the most abundant organisms in soil habitats. They provide essential ecosystem services and play crucial roles for maintaining the stability of food-webs and for facilitating nutrient cycling. As two of the very abundant groups of organisms, fungi and nematodes interact with each other in multiple ways. Here in this review, we provide a broad framework of interactions between fungi and nematodes with an emphasis on those that impact crops and agriculture ecosystems. We describe the diversity and evolution of fungi that closely interact with nematodes, including food fungi for nematodes as well as fungi that feed on nematodes. Among the nematophagous fungi, those that produce specialized nematode-trapping devices are especially interesting, and a great deal is known about their diversity, evolution, and molecular mechanisms of interactions with nematodes. Some of the fungi and nematodes are significant pathogens and pests to crops. We summarize the ecological and molecular mechanisms identified so far that impact, either directly or indirectly, the interactions among phytopathogenic fungi, phytopathogenic nematodes, and crop plants. The potential applications of our understanding to controlling phytophagous nematodes and soilborne fungal pathogens in agricultural fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Shuoshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Haixia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Antagonism against soil nematodes and plant pathogens and test of oxide solubilization in a subtropical wood-decay mushroom. Trop Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-020-00071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Thorn RG, Moncalvo JM, Reddy CA, Vilgalys R. Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support a monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2000.12061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Greg Thorn
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | | | - C. A. Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
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Davis WJ, Amses KR, Benny GL, Carter-House D, Chang Y, Grigoriev I, Smith ME, Spatafora JW, Stajich JE, James TY. Genome-scale phylogenetics reveals a monophyletic Zoopagales (Zoopagomycota, Fungi). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 133:152-163. [PMID: 30639767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of Fungi have under sampled taxa from Zoopagales; this order contains many predacious or parasitic genera, and most have never been grown in pure culture. We sequenced the genomes of 4 zoopagalean taxa that are predators of amoebae, nematodes, or rotifers and the genome of one taxon that is a parasite of amoebae using single cell sequencing methods with whole genome amplification. Each genome was a metagenome, which was assembled and binned using multiple techniques to identify the target genomes. We inferred phylogenies with both super matrix and coalescent approaches using 192 conserved proteins mined from the target genomes and performed ancestral state reconstructions to determine the ancestral trophic lifestyle of the clade. Our results indicate that Zoopagales is monophyletic. Ancestral state reconstructions provide moderate support for mycoparasitism being the ancestral state of the clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kevin R Amses
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gerald L Benny
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Derreck Carter-House
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, United States
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Igor Grigoriev
- United States of America Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph W Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, United States
| | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Liou GY, Tzean SS. Phylogeny of the genusArthrobotrysand allied nematode-trapping fungi based on rDNA sequences. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1997.12026858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guey Y. Liou
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30099, Republic of China
| | - Shean S. Tzean
- Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China
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Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi are a unique and intriguing group of carnivorous microorganisms that can trap and digest nematodes by means of specialized trapping structures. They can develop diverse trapping devices, such as adhesive hyphae, adhesive knobs, adhesive networks, constricting rings, and nonconstricting rings. Nematode-trapping fungi have been found in all regions of the world, from the tropics to Antarctica, from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. They play an important ecological role in regulating nematode dynamics in soil. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the majority of nematode-trapping fungi belong to a monophyletic group in the order Orbiliales (Ascomycota). Nematode-trapping fungi serve as an excellent model system for understanding fungal evolution and interaction between fungi and nematodes. With the development of molecular techniques and genome sequencing, their evolutionary origins and divergence, and the mechanisms underlying fungus-nematode interactions have been well studied. In recent decades, an increasing concern about the environmental hazards of using chemical nematicides has led to the application of these biological control agents as a rapidly developing component of crop protection.
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Luo H, Mo M, Huang X, Li X, Zhang K. Coprinus comatus: A basidiomycete fungus forms novel spiny structures and infects nematode. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2005.11832870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keqin Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, P.R. China
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Araújo J, Hughes D. Diversity of Entomopathogenic Fungi. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI 2016; 94:1-39. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Abstract
Macro- and micromorphological characters of specimens of the genus Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Kumm. in Argentina obtained in the field and from different national herbaria were analyzed. Cultivation techniques were used to obtain basidiomata, allowing for a macro- and micromorphological study of fresh developing fruit bodies. We concluded that in Argentina there are, so far, six species, namely P. albidus, P. cystidiosus, P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, P. rickii and P. djamor, the latter with three varieties: var. djamor, var. cyathiformis and var. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo E Lechner
- PRHIDEB-CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Instituto Fitotécnico de Santa Catalina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Llavallol, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yang E, Xu L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Xiang M, Wang C, An Z, Liu X. Origin and evolution of carnivorism in the Ascomycota (fungi). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:10960-5. [PMID: 22715289 PMCID: PMC3390824 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1120915109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivorism is one of the basic life strategies of fungi. Carnivorous fungi possess the ability to trap and digest their preys by sophisticated trapping devices. However, the origin and development of fungal carnivorism remains a gap in evolution biology. In this study, five protein-encoding genes were used to construct the phylogeny of the carnivorous fungi in the phylum Ascomycota; these fungi prey on nematodes by means of specialized trapping structures such as constricting rings and adhesive traps. Our analysis revealed a definitive pattern of evolutionary development for these trapping structures. Molecular clock calibration based on two fossil records revealed that fungal carnivorism diverged from saprophytism about 419 Mya, which was after the origin of nematodes about 550-600 Mya. Active carnivorism (fungi with constricting rings) and passive carnivorism (fungi with adhesive traps) diverged from each other around 246 Mya, shortly after the occurrence of the Permian-Triassic extinction event about 251.4 Mya. The major adhesive traps evolved around 198-208 Mya, which was within the time frame of the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event about 201.4 Mya. However, no major carnivorous ascomycetes divergence was correlated to the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, which occurred more recently (about 65.5 Mya). Therefore, a causal relationship between mass extinction events and fungal carnivorism evolution is not validated in this study. More evidence including additional fossil records is needed to establish if fungal carnivorism evolution was a response to mass extinction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ence Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Biotechnology, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meichun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; and
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Luo H, Liu Y, Fang L, Li X, Tang N, Zhang K. Coprinus comatus damages nematode cuticles mechanically with spiny balls and produces potent toxins to immobilize nematodes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3916-23. [PMID: 17449690 PMCID: PMC1932715 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02770-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported recently a unique fungal structure, called the spiny ball, on the vegetative hyphae of Coprinus comatus (O. F. Müll.:Fr.) Pers. Although some observations regarding the role of this structure were presented, its function remained largely unknown. In this study, we showed that purified (isolated and washed) spiny balls could immobilize and kill the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus Goodey highly efficiently. Scanning electron microscopy studies illustrated that the spiny structure damaged the nematode cuticle, suggesting the presence of a mechanical force during the process of nematode immobilization. Severe injuries on nematode cuticles caused the leakage of inner materials of the nematodes. When these structures were ground in liquid nitrogen, their killing efficacy against nematodes was lost, indicating that the shape and the complete structure of the spiny balls are indispensable for their function. However, extraction with organic solvents never lowered their activity against P. redivivus, and the extracts showed no obvious effect on the nematode. We also investigated whether C. comatus was able to produce toxins which would aid in the immobilization of nematodes. In total, we identified seven toxins from C. comatus that showed activity to immobilize the nematodes P. redivivus and Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitwood. The chemical structures of these toxins were identified with nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, infrared, and UV spectrum analysis. Two compounds were found to be novel. The toxins found in C. comatus are O-containing heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Luo H, Li X, Li G, Pan Y, Zhang K. Acanthocytes of Stropharia rugosoannulata function as a nematode-attacking device. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:2982-7. [PMID: 16598005 PMCID: PMC1449000 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.4.2982-2987.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient killing of nematodes by Stropharia rugosoannulata Farlow ex Murrill cultures was observed. This fungus showed the ability to immobilize the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus Goodey within minutes and to immobilize the pine wilt nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle within hours on agar plates. Moreover, P. redivivus worms were completely degraded by the fungus within 24 to 48 h. The cultures of S. rugosoannulata studied shared the characteristic of abundantly producing cells with finger-like projections called acanthocytes. We showed that the nematode-attacking activity of this fungus is carried out by these spiny acanthocytes and that mechanical force is an important factor in the process. Furthermore, the growth and nematode-attacking activity of the fungus in soil were also determined, and our results suggest that acanthocytes are functional in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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Jaffee BA, Ferris H, Scow KM. Nematode-trapping fungi in organic and conventional cropping systems. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 1998; 88:344-350. [PMID: 18944958 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.1998.88.4.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nematode-trapping fungi, nematodes, and microbial biomass were quantified in conventionally and organically managed field plots in the Sustainable Agriculture Farming Systems Project at the University of California at Davis. There were four replicate plots (0.135 ha per plot) for each management system, and plots were sampled three times each year for 2 years. The hypothesis that nematode-trapping fungi would be more abundant in organically managed plots was partially supported: the number of species of nematode-trapping fungi was slightly but significantly greater in organic than in conventional plots, two species (Arthrobotrys dactyloides and Nematoctonus leiosporus) were detected more frequently in organic plots, and the population densities of A. dactyloides and N. leiosporus were greater in organic than in conventional plots. Two other species (A. haptotyla and A. thaumasia), however, tended to be more numerous in conventional than in organic plots, and the total density of nematode-trapping fungi was similar in organic and conventional plots. Bacterivorous nematodes were more abundant and microbial biomass (substrate-induced respiration) was greater in organic than in conventional plots. Suppression of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, as measured in a bioassay, was not related to management system or population density of nematode-trapping fungi but was positively related to microbial biomass.
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Parasitism of pollen as a nutritional source for lignicolous Basidiomycota and other fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1017/s095375629600233x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Three general topics are included. First, a summary of knowledge of mating systems in several genera is furnished, with discussion concerning individual species. Second, the consequence of mating studies in expansion or contraction of numbers of accepted names is discussed. Inherent in this topic is the species concept to be used by the systematis. Third, guidelines for establishment of standard batteries of tester strains are outlined, using Pleurotus as an example. Key words: mating systems, Agaricales, Pleurotus, systematics.
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Anke H, Stadler M, Mayer A, Sterner O. Secondary metabolites with nematicidal and antimicrobial activity from nematophagous fungi and Ascomycetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Screening of nematode-trapping fungi for antimicrobial and nematicidal activities gave three new antimicrobial metabolites from cultures of five Arthrobotrys strains. The compounds exhibited no nematicidal activities towards Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita. From trap-forming submerged cultures of Arthrobotrys conoides, linoleic acid was isolated as a nematicidal principle. Its production increased with the number of traps formed in both Arthrobotrys oligospora and Arthrobotrys conoides. Nematoctonus robustus and Nematoctonus concurrens produced pleurotin, dihydropleurotinic acid, and leucopleurotin, metabolites previously isolated from cultures of Hohenbuehelia species, suggesting that the same biosynthetic pathways function in both the teleomorph and anamorph. Several strains of Ascomycetes had nematicidal activities; linoleic acid was responsible for the activity in cultures of a Chlorosplenium species, 14-epicochlioquinone B in cultures of Neobulgaria pura, and two naphthalenes derived from the melanin biosynthetic pathway in Daldinia concentrica. 5-Pentyl-2-furaldehyde, previously known as a metabolite from a Basidiomycete, was produced by an unidentified Australian Ascomycete. More than 30 mostly new metabolites have been isolated from cultures of Lachnum papyraceum, many being chlorinated. Under different conditions the fungus incorporated bromine instead of chlorine. Key words: nematophagous fungi, natural nematicides, linoleic acid, chlorinated secondary metabolites.
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Stadler M, Sheldrick WS, Dasen-brock J, Steglich W, Anke H. Antibiotics from the Nematode-Trapping BasidiomyceteNematoctonus robustus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10575639408043907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liou JY, Tzean SS. Stephanocysts as Nematode-Trapping and Infecting Propagules. Mycologia 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1992.12026205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Liou
- Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617, Republic of China
| | - S. S. Tzean
- Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617, Republic of China
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Lysek G. [Zoophagous fungi]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1987; 74:482-90. [PMID: 3317068 DOI: 10.1007/bf00447930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungi which kill microscopic animals of different systematic origin by capturing, invading, and digesting them are described. The focal point is nematode destroying fungi, as being the most abundant, most often isolated and most intensively studied. Their ecology and their probable role in the control of nematodes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lysek
- Institut für Systematische Botanik, Pflanzengeographie der FU Berlin, Berlin-Dahlem
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