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Talati M, Brittain E, Agrawal V, Fortune N, Simon K, Shay S, Zeng X, Freeman ML, West J, Hemnes A. A potential adverse role for leptin and cardiac leptin receptor in the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect of metformin is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1276422. [PMID: 37869164 PMCID: PMC10586504 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1276422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal cardiopulmonary disease. Leptin, a neuroendocrine hormone released by adipose tissue, has a complex relationship with cardiovascular diseases, including PAH. Leptin is thought to be an important factor linking metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders. Given the published association between metabolic syndrome and RV dysfunction in PAH, we sought to determine the association between leptin and RV dysfunction. We hypothesized that in PAH-RV, leptin influences metabolic changes via leptin receptors, which can be manipulated by metformin. Methods Plasma leptin was measured in PAH patients and healthy controls from a published trial of metformin in PAH. Leptin receptor localization was detected in RV from PAH patients, healthy controls, animal models of PH with RV dysfunction before and after metformin treatment, and cultured cardiomyocytes with two different BMPR2 mutants by performing immunohistochemical and cell fractionation studies. Functional studies were conducted in cultured cardiomyocytes to examine the role of leptin and metformin in lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration. Results In human studies, we found that plasma leptin levels were higher in PAH patients and moderately correlated with higher BMI, but not in healthy controls. Circulating leptin levels were reduced by metformin treatment, and these findings were confirmed in an animal model of RV dysfunction. Leptin receptor expression was increased in PAH-RV cardiomyocytes. In animal models of RV dysfunction and cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, we found increased expression and membrane localization of the leptin receptor. In cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, leptin moderately influences palmitate uptake, possibly via CD36, in a mutation-specific manner. Furthermore, in cultured cardiomyocytes, the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and gene expression data indicate that leptin may not directly influence lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. However, metformin alone or when supplemented with leptin can improve lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. The effect of metformin on lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Conclusion In PAH, increased circulating leptin can influence metabolic signaling in RV cardiomyocytes via the leptin receptor; in particular, it may alter lipid-dependent RV metabolism in combination with metformin in a mutation-specific manner and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Evan Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Niki Fortune
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katie Simon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sheila Shay
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anna Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Gan XT, Ettinger G, Huang CX, Burton JP, Haist JV, Rajapurohitam V, Sidaway JE, Martin G, Gloor GB, Swann JR, Reid G, Karmazyn M. Probiotic administration attenuates myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure after myocardial infarction in the rat. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:491-9. [PMID: 24625365 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are extensively used to promote gastrointestinal health, and emerging evidence suggests that their beneficial properties can extend beyond the local environment of the gut. Here, we determined whether oral probiotic administration can alter the progression of postinfarction heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were subjected to 6 weeks of sustained coronary artery occlusion and administered the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 or placebo in the drinking water ad libitum. Culture and 16s rRNA sequencing showed no evidence of GR-1 colonization or a significant shift in the composition of the cecal microbiome. However, animals administered GR-1 exhibited a significant attenuation of left ventricular hypertrophy based on tissue weight assessment and gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide. Moreover, these animals demonstrated improved hemodynamic parameters reflecting both improved systolic and diastolic left ventricular function. Serial echocardiography revealed significantly improved left ventricular parameters throughout the 6-week follow-up period including a marked preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Beneficial effects of GR-1 were still evident in those animals in which GR-1 was withdrawn at 4 weeks, suggesting persistence of the GR-1 effects after cessation of therapy. Investigation of mechanisms showed a significant increase in the leptin:adiponectin plasma concentration ratio in rats subjected to coronary ligation, which was abrogated by GR-1. Metabonomic analysis showed differences between sham control and coronary artery ligated hearts particularly with respect to preservation of myocardial taurine levels. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that probiotics offer promise as a potential therapy for the attenuation of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Tracey Gan
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Grace Ettinger
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Cathy X Huang
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - James V Haist
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Venkatesh Rajapurohitam
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - James E Sidaway
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Glynn Martin
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Gregory B Gloor
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Gregor Reid
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.)
| | - Morris Karmazyn
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.T.G., C.X.H., J.V.H., V.R., M.K.), Microbiology and Immunology (G.E., J.P.B., G.R.), Surgery (J.P.B., G.R.), and Biochemistry (G.B.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (G.E., J.P.B., G.B.G., G.R.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom (J.E.S., G.M., J.R.S.).
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