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Fertilization and Tree Species Influence on Stable Aggregates in Forest Soil. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: aggregation and structure play key roles in the water-holding capacity and stability of soils and are important for the physical protection and storage of soil carbon (C). Forest soils are an important sink of ecosystem C, though the capacity to store C may be disrupted by the elevated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) compounds by dispersion of soil aggregates via acidification or altered microbial activity. Furthermore, dominant tree species and the lability of litter they produce can influence aggregation processes. Materials and methods: we measured water-stable aggregate size distribution and aggregate-associated organic matter (OM) content in soils from two watersheds and beneath four hardwood species at the USDA Forest Service Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, where one watershed has received (NH4)2SO4 fertilizer since 1989 and one is a reference/control of similar stand age. Bulk soil OM, pH, and permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) were also measured. Research highlights: fertilized soil exhibited decreased macro-aggregate formation and a greater proportion of smaller micro-aggregates or unassociated clay minerals, particularly in the B-horizon. This shift in aggregation to soil more dominated by the smallest (<53 µm) fraction is associated with both acidification (soil pH) and increased microbially processed C (POXC) in fertilized soil. Intra-aggregate OM was also depleted in the fertilized soil (52% less OM in the 53–2000 µm fractions), most strongly in subsurface B-horizon soil. We also document that tree species can influence soil aggregation, as soil beneath species with more labile litter contained more OM in the micro-aggregate size class (<250 µm), especially in the fertilized watershed, while species with more recalcitrant litter promoted more OM in the macro-aggregate size classes (500–2000 µm) in the reference watershed. Conclusions: long-term fertilization, and likely historic atmospheric deposition, of forest soils has weakened macro-aggregation formation, with implications for soil stability, hydrology, and storage of belowground C.
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Effects of repeated fertilization and liming on soil microbial biomass in Betula maximowicziana Regel and Abies sachalinensis Fr. Schmidt stands in Japan. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-018-0366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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3
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Mori T, Lu X, Aoyagi R, Mo J. Reconsidering the phosphorus limitation of soil microbial activity in tropical forests. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong China
- Forest Ecology LaboratoryGraduate school of AgricultureKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong China
| | - Ryota Aoyagi
- Forest Ecology LaboratoryGraduate school of AgricultureKyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong China
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Ehtesham E, Bengtson P. Decoupling of soil carbon and nitrogen turnover partly explains increased net ecosystem production in response to nitrogen fertilization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46286. [PMID: 28406242 PMCID: PMC5390271 DOI: 10.1038/srep46286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade there has been an ongoing controversy regarding the extent to which nitrogen fertilization can increase carbon sequestration and net ecosystem production in forest ecosystems. The debate is complicated by the fact that increased nitrogen availability caused by nitrogen deposition has coincided with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. The latter could further stimulate primary production but also result in increased allocation of carbon to root exudates, which could potentially 'prime' the decomposition of soil organic matter. Here we show that increased input of labile carbon to forest soil caused a decoupling of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, which was manifested as a reduction in respiration of soil organic matter that coincided with a substantial increase in gross nitrogen mineralization. An estimate of the magnitude of the effect demonstrates that the decoupling could potentially result in an increase in net ecosystem production by up to 51 kg C ha-1 day-1 in nitrogen fertilized stands during peak summer. Even if the effect is several times lower on an annual basis, the results still suggest that nitrogen fertilization can have a much stronger influence on net ecosystem production than can be expected from a direct stimulation of primary production alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Ehtesham
- Department of Biology – Microbial Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Bengtson
- Department of Biology – Microbial Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zheng BX, Hao XL, Ding K, Zhou GW, Chen QL, Zhang JB, Zhu YG. Long-term nitrogen fertilization decreased the abundance of inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria in an alkaline soil. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42284. [PMID: 28181569 PMCID: PMC5299424 DOI: 10.1038/srep42284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria (iPSB) are essential to facilitate phosphorus (P) mobilization in alkaline soil, however, the phylogenetic structure of iPSB communities remains poorly characterized. Thus, we use a reference iPSB database to analyze the distribution of iPSB communities based on 16S rRNA gene illumina sequencing. Additionally, a noval pqqC primer was developed to quantify iPSB abundance. In our study, an alkaline soil with 27-year fertilization treatment was selected. The percentage of iPSB was 1.10~2.87% per sample, and the dominant iPSB genera were closely related to Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium and Streptomyces. Long-term P fertilization had no significant effect on the abundance of iPSB communities. Rather than P and potassium (K) additions, long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization decreased the iPSB abundance, which was validated by reduced relative abundance of pqqC gene (pqqC/16S). The decreased iPSB abundance was strongly related to pH decline and total N increase, revealing that the long-term N additions may cause pH decline and subsequent P releases relatively decreasing the demands of the iPSB community. The methodology and understanding obtained here provides insights into the ecology of inorganic P solubilizers and how to manipulate for better P use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Xiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiu-Li Hao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Kai Ding
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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6
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Xia M, Talhelm AF, Pregitzer KS. Chronic nitrogen deposition influences the chemical dynamics of leaf litter and fine roots during decomposition. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 112:24-34. [PMID: 31178608 PMCID: PMC6550334 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition induces a forest carbon sink across broad parts of the Northern Hemisphere; this carbon sink may partly result from slower litter decomposition. Although microbial responses to experimental nitrogen deposition have been well-studied, evidence linking these microbial responses to changes in the degradation of specific compounds in decaying litter is sparse. We used wet chemistry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods to study effects of chronic simulated nitrogen deposition on leaf litter and fine root chemistry during a three-year decomposition experiment at four northern hardwood forests in the north-central USA. Leaf litter and fine roots were highly different in initial chemistry, such as concentrations of acid-insoluble fraction (AIF, or Klason lignin) and condensed tannins (CTs). These initial differences persisted over the course of decomposition. Gravimetrically-defined AIF and lignin/carbohydrate reference IR peak ratios both provide evidence that lignin in fine roots was selectively preserved under simulated nitrogen deposition. Lignin/carbohydrate peak ratios were strongly correlated with AIF, suggesting that AIF is a good predictor of lignin. Because AIF is abundant in fine roots, slower AIF degradation was the major driver of the slower fine root decomposition under nitrogen enrichment, explaining 73.5% of the additional root mass retention. Nitrogen enrichment also slowed the loss of CTs and proteins in fine roots. Nitrogen additions initially slowed the loss of AIF, CTs, and proteins in leaf litter, which was comparatively low in AIF, but these effects disappeared at the later stage and did not affect leaf litter mass loss during the experiment. Our results suggest that decomposition of chemical classes subject to oxidative degradation, such as lignin and CTs, is generally inhibited by nitrogen enrichment; but whether this inhibition eventually slows litter mass loss and leads to organic matter accumulation depends on the initial quantities of these classes in litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xia
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
| | - Alan F. Talhelm
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, National
Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kurt S. Pregitzer
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
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Zhu C, Ma Y, Wu H, Sun T, La Pierre KJ, Sun Z, Yu Q. Divergent Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration in a Semiarid Grassland. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33541. [PMID: 27629241 PMCID: PMC5024323 DOI: 10.1038/srep33541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has been steadily increasing for decades, with consequences for soil respiration. However, we have a limited understanding of how soil respiration responds to N availability. Here, we investigated the soil respiration responses to low and high levels of N addition (0.4 mol N m(-2) yr(-1) vs 1.6 mol N m(-2) yr(-1)) over a two-year period in a semiarid Leymus chinensis grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. Our results show that low-level N addition increased soil respiration, plant belowground biomass and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), while high-level N additions decreased them. Soil respiration was positively correlated with plant belowground biomass, MBC, soil temperature and soil moisture. Together plant belowground biomass and MBC explained 99.4% of variation in mean soil respiration, with plant belowground biomass explaining 63.4% of the variation and soil MBC explaining the remaining 36%. Finally, the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was not influenced by N additions. Overall, our results suggest that low levels of N deposition may stimulate soil respiration, but large increases in N availability may decrease soil respiration, and that these responses are driven by the dissimilar responses of both plant belowground biomass and soil MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yiping Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Honghui Wu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | - Zewei Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Shi L, Zhang H, Liu T, Zhang W, Shao Y, Ha D, Li Y, Zhang C, Cai XA, Rao X, Lin Y, Zhou L, Zhao P, Ye Q, Zou X, Fu S. Consistent effects of canopy vs. understory nitrogen addition on the soil exchangeable cations and microbial community in two contrasting forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:349-357. [PMID: 26930308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic N deposition has been well documented to cause substantial impacts on the chemical and biological properties of forest soils. In most studies, however, atmospheric N deposition has been simulated by directly adding N to the forest floor. Such studies thus ignored the potentially significant effect of some key processes occurring in forest canopy (i.e., nitrogen retention) and may therefore have incorrectly assessed the effects of N deposition on soils. Here, we conducted an experiment that included both understory addition of N (UAN) and canopy addition of N (CAN) in two contrasting forests (temperate deciduous forest vs. subtropical evergreen forest). The goal was to determine whether the effects on soil exchangeable cations and microbial biomass differed between CAN and UAN. We found that N addition reduced pH, BS (base saturation) and exchangeable Ca and increased exchangeable Al significantly only at the temperate JGS site, and reduced the biomass of most soil microbial groups only at the subtropical SMT site. Except for soil exchangeable Mn, however, effects on soil chemical properties and soil microbial community did not significantly differ between CAN and UAN. Although biotic and abiotic soil characteristics differ significantly and the responses of both soil exchangeable cations and microbial biomass were different between the two study sites, we found no significant interactive effects between study site and N treatment approach on almost all soil properties involved in this study. In addition, N addition rate (25 vs. 50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) did not show different effects on soil properties under both N addition approaches. These findings did not support previous prediction which expected that, by bypassing canopy effects (i.e., canopy retention and foliage fertilization), understory addition of N would overestimate the effects of N deposition on forest soil properties, at least for short time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuanhu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Denglong Ha
- Jigongshan National Natural Reserve, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Yuanqiu Li
- Shimentai National Natural Reserve, Yingde, Guangdong 513000, China
| | - Chuangmao Zhang
- Shimentai National Natural Reserve, Yingde, Guangdong 513000, China
| | - Xi-An Cai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingquan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yongbiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lixia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-1910, USA
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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9
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Hart SC, Stark JM. Nitrogen limitation of the microbial biomass in an old-growth forest soil. ECOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.1997.11682382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Effect of Intensive Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Microbial Properties in a Paddy Soil of Subtropical China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Cusack DF, Silver WL, Torn MS, Burton SD, Firestone MK. Changes in microbial community characteristics and soil organic matter with nitrogen additions in two tropical forests. Ecology 2011; 92:621-32. [PMID: 21608471 DOI: 10.1890/10-0459.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities and their associated enzyme activities affect the amount and chemical quality of carbon (C) in soils. Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, particularly in N-rich tropical forests, is likely to change the composition and behavior of microbial communities and feed back on ecosystem structure and function. This study presents a novel assessment of mechanistic links between microbial responses to N deposition and shifts in soil organic matter (SOM) quality and quantity. We used phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and microbial enzyme assays in soils to assess microbial community responses to long-term N additions in two distinct tropical rain forests. We used soil density fractionation and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure related changes in SOM pool sizes and chemical quality. Microbial biomass increased in response to N fertilization in both tropical forests and corresponded to declines in pools of low-density SOM. The chemical quality of this soil C pool reflected ecosystem-specific changes in microbial community composition. In the lower-elevation forest, there was an increase in gram-negative bacteria PLFA biomass, and there were significant losses of labile C chemical groups (O-alkyls). In contrast, the upper-elevation tropical forest had an increase in fungal PLFAs with N additions and declines in C groups associated with increased soil C storage (alkyls). The dynamics of microbial enzymatic activities with N addition provided a functional link between changes in microbial community structure and SOM chemistry. Ecosystem-specific changes in microbial community composition are likely to have far-reaching effects on soil carbon storage and cycling. This study indicates that microbial communities in N-rich tropical forests can be sensitive to added N, but we can expect significant variability in how ecosystem structure and function respond to N deposition among tropical forest types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Cusack
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Lu M, Yang Y, Luo Y, Fang C, Zhou X, Chen J, Yang X, Li B. Responses of ecosystem nitrogen cycle to nitrogen addition: a meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 189:1040-1050. [PMID: 21138438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
• Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) addition may substantially alter the terrestrial N cycle. However, a comprehensive understanding of how the ecosystem N cycle responds to external N input remains elusive. • Here, we evaluated the central tendencies of the responses of 15 variables associated with the ecosystem N cycle to N addition, using data extracted from 206 peer-reviewed papers. • Our results showed that the largest changes in the ecosystem N cycle caused by N addition were increases in soil inorganic N leaching (461%), soil NO₃⁻ concentration (429%), nitrification (154%), nitrous oxide emission (134%), and denitrification (84%). N addition also substantially increased soil NH₄+ concentration (47%), and the N content in belowground (53%) and aboveground (44%) plant pools, leaves (24%), litter (24%) and dissolved organic N (21%). Total N content in the organic horizon (6.1%) and mineral soil (6.2%) slightly increased in response to N addition. However, N addition induced a decrease in microbial biomass N by 5.8%. • The increases in N effluxes caused by N addition were much greater than those in plant and soil pools except soil NO₃⁻, suggesting a leaky terrestrial N system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, The Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, The Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Changming Fang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, The Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Jiakuan Chen
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, The Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Li
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, The Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Abstract
AbstractIn the fifth year of an agricultural conversion experiment in Pennsylvania, we studied the soil biological community under three treatment regimes planted with corn: organic-manure, organic-legume, and a conventional system. The organic treatments consisted of complex crop rotations, cultivations, and organic matter inputs to control pests and maintain soil fertility. The conventional system consisted of a simple corn/soybean rotation with synthetic fertilizer and pesticide inputs. High rates of CO2 evolution (a measure of potential microbial activity) in the organic plots corresponded with high levels of organic matter input. Soil nematodes were most abundant in organic plots, although seasonal patterns differed between the two organic treatments. Soil microarthropods were dominated by fungivorous Prostigmata mites, which reached peak abundance in organic plots two to five months after organic matter incorporation. Oribatid mites, which were rare throughout the study, followed the same pattern of abundance in each treatment and were probably most influenced by tillage disturbances. Predatory Mesostigmata were generally more abundant in organic plots. Surface-dwelling Collembola were abundant briefly in the spring, but soil-dwelling species dominated numerically throughout the cropping season. Spring tillage appeared to have a strong negative effect on earthworm populations in all plots. Small earthworm species became abundant in organic-manure plots during the summer. Larger earthworm species were abundant in organic-legume and conventional plots after the autumn harvest, when crop residues covered the undisturbed soil The systems-level nature of the Conversion Project experiment makes it difficult to identify cause-effect relationships. The data do suggest that organic amendments tend to enhance soil biological activity, while tillage disturbances tend to disrupt the biotic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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15
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Wei Z, Jiangming M, Yunting F, Xiankai L, Hui W. Effects of nitrogen deposition on the greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2032(08)60047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Hungate BA, Hart SC, Selmants PC, Boyle SI, Gehring CA. Soil responses to management, increased precipitation, and added nitrogen in ponderosa pine forests. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2007; 17:1352-65. [PMID: 17708213 DOI: 10.1890/06-1187.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Forest management, climatic change, and atmospheric N deposition can affect soil biogeochemistry, but their combined effects are not well understood. We examined the effects of water and N amendments and forest thinning and burning on soil N pools and fluxes in ponderosa pine forests near Flagstaff, Arizona (USA). Using a 15N-depleted fertilizer, we also documented the distribution of added N into soil N pools. Because thinning and burning can increase soil water content and N availability, we hypothesized that these changes would alleviate water and N limitation of soil processes, causing smaller responses to added N and water in the restored stand. We found little support for this hypothesis. Responses of fine root biomass, potential net N mineralization, and the soil microbial N to water and N amendments were mostly unaffected by stand management. Most of the soil processes we examined were limited by N and water, and the increased N and soil water availability caused by forest restoration was insufficient to alleviate these limitations. For example, N addition caused a larger increase in potential net nitrification in the restored stand, and at a given level of soil N availability, N addition had a larger effect on soil microbial N in the restored stand. Possibly, forest restoration increased the availability of some other limiting resource, amplifying responses to added N and water. Tracer N recoveries in roots and in the forest floor were lower in the restored stand. Natural abundance delta15N of labile soil N pools were higher in the restored stand, consistent with a more open N cycle. We conclude that thinning and burning open up the N cycle, at least in the short-term, and that these changes are amplified by enhanced precipitation and N additions. Our results suggest that thinning and burning in ponderosa pine forests will not increase their resistance to changes in soil N dynamics resulting from increased atmospheric N deposition or increased precipitation due to climatic change. Restoration plans should consider the potential impact on long-term forest productivity of greater N losses from a more open N cycle, especially during the period immediately after thinning and burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Hungate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA.
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17
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Shan J, Morris LA, Hendrick RL. The effects of management on soil and plant carbon sequestration in slash pine plantations. J Appl Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pangle RE, Seiler J. Influence of seedling roots, environmental factors and soil characteristics on soil CO2 efflux rates in a 2-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the Virginia Piedmont. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2002; 116 Suppl 1:S85-S96. [PMID: 11833922 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To understand the role of managed forests in carbon sequestration an understanding of factors controlling soil CO2 efflux will be necessary. This study examined the influence of seedling roots, environmental factors, nutrient availability, and soil characteristics on soil CO2 efflux patterns in a 2-year-old pine plantation in the Virginia Piedmont. Efflux rates were measured both near the base of seedlings and midway between rows in plots that had received fertilization and mulch treatments in a factorial combination. Soil CO2 efflux rates were consistently higher near the base of seedlings, fertilization increased seedling growth with no significant effect on rates. and mulching increased winter efflux rates. In a regression analysis of seasonal soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature explained 42.2% of the variance followed by the interaction of soil temperature and moisture and of soil temperature and plot position, which together explained an additional 9.8% of the observed variance in seasonal rates. During March 2000 measurements, the spatial pattern of soil CO2 efflux between plots was most influenced by differences in soil nitrogen and pine root biomass. Furthermore, spatial differences observed in mean annual efflux rates were found to be highly influenced by the amount of soil coarse fragments in the upper soil profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Pangle
- Department of Forestry, College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061-0324, USA
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Lowell JL, Klein DA. Comparative single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and microscopy-based analysis of nitrogen cultivation interactive effects on the fungal community of a semiarid steppe soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2001; 36:85-92. [PMID: 11451512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of nitrogen accretion on fungal diversity and community structure in early-seral (cultivated) and native (uncultivated) shortgrass steppe soils were evaluated using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and microscopy in a comparative experiment. Selected haplotypes generated from fungal 18S gene fragments were also sequenced for species identification. Microscopy-based analyses showed significantly shorter fungal hyphal lengths in the early-seral control plots in comparison with the native control plots (P<0.0003), independent of nitrogen addition. Although diversity indices did not show significant differences between the plots, SSCP analyses indicated that fungal community structure differed in the native and early-seral control sites. In nitrogen-amended sites, gene sequences from dominant haplotypes indicated a shift to a more common nitrogen-impacted fungal community. While nitrogen amendments appear to be more important than cultivation in influencing these soil fungal communities, hyphal lengths were only decreased due to cultivation. The use of microscopic and molecular techniques, as carried out in this study, provided integrative information concerning fungal community responses to wide spread stresses being imposed globally on terrestrial ecosystems, that is not provided by the individual techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L. Lowell
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, 80523-1677, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Aber J, McDowell W, Nadelhoffer K, Magill A, Berntson G, Kamakea M, McNulty S, Currie W, Rustad L, Fernandez I. Nitrogen Saturation in Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Bioscience 1998. [DOI: 10.2307/1313296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1329] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Timonen S, Jørgensen KS, Haahtela K, Sen R. Bacterial community structure at defined locations ofPinus sylvestris-Suillus bovinusandPinus sylvestris-Paxillus involutusmycorrhizospheres in dry pine forest humus and nursery peat. Can J Microbiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/w98-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria were isolated and characterized from uncolonized soil, nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal short roots, and soil-colonizing external mycelium from intact Pinus sylvestris - Suillus bovinus and Pinus sylvestris - Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres developed in microcosms containing dry pine forest humus or nursery peat. Total numbers of colony-forming units (CFU/mg dry weight) in the different locations from all ectomycorrhizospheres indicated an overall bacterial-enrichment gradient towards the roots, whereas sporeformers were more evenly distributed. Fluorescent pseudomonads were commonly isolated from all mycorrhizosphere locations in nursery peat, but they were nearly absent from the forest humus community. In contrast, sporeformers were more abundant at all locations in the latter growth substrate. The bacterial species composition of forest and nursery mycorrhizospheres was clearly divergent when characterized according to their carbon source utilization patterns in Biolog®GN or GP microplates. Factorial-designed ANOVA of a principal component analysis of the carbon source utilization data showed significant differences between isolates from the two soil types and, to a lesser extent, between S. bovinus and Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres. Bacterial communities from mycorrhizospheres and uncolonized soil were distinguished by their preferential utilization of carbohydrates and organic and amino acids, respectively. Suillus bovinus associated bacteria appeared to favour mannitol and Paxillus involutus associated bacteria appeared to favour fructose as carbon sources. This study demonstrates the combined effect of soil type, fungal symbiont, and precise location on bacterial communities associated with Pinus sylvestris ectomycorrhizospheres.Key words: Biolog, carbon source utilization, ectomycorrhiza, Scots pine, soil bacteria.
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Nurmiaho-Lassila EL, Timonen S, Haahtela K, Sen R. Bacterial colonization patterns of intactPinus sylvestrismycorrhizospheres in dry pine forest soil: an electron microscopy study. Can J Microbiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/m97-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial populations associated with different plant and fungal habitats of intact Pinus sylvestris – Suillus bovinus or Pinus sylvestris – Paxillus involutus ectomycorrhizospheres grown in natural forest soil were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Surfaces of nonmycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris roots hosted large numbers of morphologically distinct bacteria. Bacteria were detected on the mantle surfaces and at inter- and intra-cellular locations in the mantle and Hartig net of Suillus bovinus mycorrhizas. The fungal strands were colonized by only a few bacteria unlike the outermost external fine hyphae on which extensive monolayers of bacteria were attached. The mycorrhizas of Paxillus involutus were mostly devoid of bacteria, but the intact external mycelium supported both bacterial colonies and solitary bacteria. Intracellular bacteria were not present in Paxillus involutus hyphae. In both mycorrhizal systems, bacterial aggregation and attachment to hyphae were mediated with electron-dense or -translucent material. Our study shows that the Pinus sylvestris mycorrhizospheres formed by two different ectomycorrhizal fungi are clearly dissimilar habitats for mycorrhizosphere-associated bacteria. Additionally, the spatially and physiologically defined mycorrhizosphere habitats were shown to host distinct populations of bacteria.Key words: ectomycorrhiza, intracellular bacteria, Paxillus involutus, soil bacteria, Suillus bovinus.
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King GM, Schnell S. Effect of increasing atmospheric methane concentration on ammonium inhibition of soil methane consumption. Nature 1994. [DOI: 10.1038/370282a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith SR, Hadley P. Nitrogen fertilizer value of activated sewage derived protein: Effect of environment and nitrification inhibitor on NO 3 - release, soil microbial activity and yield of summer cabbage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01058009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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WARDLE DA. A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON AND NITROGEN LEVELS IN SOIL. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1992.tb00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 821] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kytöviita MM, Fritze H, Neuvonen S. The effects of acidic irrigation on soil microorganisms at Kevo, Northern Finland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1990; 66:21-31. [PMID: 15092248 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(90)90196-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/1990] [Revised: 03/30/1990] [Accepted: 04/03/1990] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Effects of simulated acid rain (a mixture of H(2)SO(4) and HNO(3); pH(3)) on soil microbiology were studied in a field experiment in northern Finland. Irrigated control plots received the same amount of spring water (pH 6) as the acid treated plots. Fungal lengths and total bacterial numbers were studied after the treatments had continued for three growing seasons. The numbers of bacteria in five physiological groups (those utilizing starch, protein, pectin, xylan, or cellulose) were measured by MPN (most probable number) techniques. The lengths of total and FDA active fungal hyphae were not significantly different between the acid treated and the control plots. The counts of total bacteria were not significantly different between treatments, but the MPNs of all five physiological groups of bacteria were approximately 60% lower in the acid treated plots than in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kytöviita
- Department of Biology and Kevo Subarctic Research Station, The University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku 50, Finland
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