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Chen W, Liu Z, Sun W, Li S, Liu J, Huo W, Jia J, Shen W, Wang Y, Chen G. Electrotransformation of Foodborne Pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii by a Simple Method. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:61-67. [PMID: 37856143 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that mainly infects infants and immunocompromised people, with a high mortality rate. However, the efficient transformation method of this bacterium has not been systematically reported. In this study, we developed a fast and efficient transformation method for C. sakazakii by cold sucrose treatment. Compared with CaCl2 or glycerol treatment, the transformation efficiency of this method is significantly high when bacteria were cultured overnight at 42°C before cold sucrose treatment. Furthermore, applying this method, we successfully knocked out the pppA gene by direct electroporation. Collectively, our study provides a simple, time-saving, and efficient method for competent cell preparation of C. sakazakii, which is conducive to the further research of C. sakazakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhimeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiping Huo
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Jia
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyan Shen
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi Xian New Area, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi Xian New Area, China
| | - Gukui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- ShaanXi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Xi'an, China
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Bednarek A, Giermasińska-Buczek K, Łobocka M. Efficient traceless modification of the P1 bacteriophage genome through homologous recombination with enrichment in double recombinants: A new perspective on the functional annotation of uncharacterized phage genes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1135870. [PMID: 37020717 PMCID: PMC10067587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1135870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput omic technologies has caused unprecedented progress in research on bacteriophages, the most abundant and still the least explored entities on earth. Despite the growing number of phage genomes sequenced and the rejuvenation of interest in phage therapy, the progress in the functional analysis of phage genes is slow. Simple and efficient techniques of phage genome targeted mutagenesis that would allow one to knock out particular genes precisely without polar effects in order to study the effect of these knock-outs on phage functions are lacking. Even in the case of model phages, the functions of approximately half of their genes are unknown. P1 is an enterobacterial temperate myophage of clinical significance, which lysogenizes cells as a plasmid. It has a long history of studies, serves as a model in basic research, is a gene transfer vector, and is a source of genetic tools. Its gene products have structural homologs in several other phages. In this perspective article, we describe a simple and efficient procedure of traceless P1 genome modification that could also serve to acquire targeted mutations in the genomes of certain other temperate phages and speed up functional annotations of phage genes.
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Binet R, Pettengill EA, Hoffmann M, Hammack TS, Monday SR. Construction of stable fluorescent laboratory control strains for several food safety relevant Enterobacteriaceae. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:553-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Westwater C, Schofield DA, Schmidt MG, Norris JS, Dolan JW. Development of a P1 phagemid system for the delivery of DNA into Gram-negative bacteria. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2002; 148:943-950. [PMID: 11932441 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-4-943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The inability to transform many clinically important Gram-negative bacteria has hampered genetic studies addressing the mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis. This report describes the development and construction of a delivery system utilizing the broad-host-range transducing bacteriophage P1. The phagemids used in this system contain a P1 pac initiation site to package the vector, a P1 lytic replicon to generate concatemeric DNA, a broad-host-range origin of replication and an antibiotic-resistance determinant to select bacterial clones containing the recircularized phagemid. Phagemid DNA was successfully introduced by infection and stably maintained in members of the families Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii) and Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In addition to laboratory strains, these virions were used successfully to deliver phagemids to a number of strains isolated from patients. This ability to deliver genetic information to wild-type strains raises the potential for use in antimicrobial therapies and DNA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Westwater
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29403, USA1
| | - David A Schofield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29403, USA1
| | - Michael G Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29403, USA1
| | - James S Norris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29403, USA1
| | - Joseph W Dolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29403, USA1
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Sarker MR, Ahmed ZU, Rahman MM. Gene transfer in enteric bacteria through the formation of R-prime plasmids by an RP4: :mini-Mu element. Microbiol Immunol 1991; 35:631-42. [PMID: 1661362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1991.tb01595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer in seven pathogenic enteric bacteria was studied using an RP4: :mini-Mu element, the plasmid pULB113. From the E. coli K-12 host strain the plasmid could be efficiently transferred to these enteric bacteria, but its transfer back to E. coli K-12 was not as efficient, being detected only in Shigella dysenteriae 1, S. flexneri and the 'smooth' variant of S. sonnei. In these three species, transposition of chromosomal fragments into the plasmid to produce R-prime plasmid was also detected at a frequency of approximately 10(-5). Transposition was random as suggested by the recovery at approximately the same frequency (10(-5) to 10(-6)) of R-primes involving 20 different auxotrophic markers from widely separated chromosomal locations. Formation of R-prime plasmids expressing toxicity in the E. coli K-12 recipient strain was also efficient in S. dysenteriae 1 but the toxin-activity was rapidly lost from these R-primes. In our experiments, the plasmid pULB113 incorporated relatively small amounts of chromosomal DNA as determined by restriction endonuclease digestion. For a Thy+ R-prime that we analyzed, the amount of cloned DNA was approximately 15 kb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka
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