1
|
Dias LG, Reis CHO, Dos Santos L, Krause Neto W, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Baker JS, Leopoldo AS, Bocalini DS. Strength training improves heart function, collagen and strength in rats with heart failure. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:10. [PMID: 38365576 PMCID: PMC10873996 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction (MI) frequently leads to cardiac remodeling and failure with impaired life quality, playing an important role in cardiovascular deaths. Although physical exercise is a well-recognized effective non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases, the effects of strength training (ST) on the structural and functional aspects of cardiac remodeling need to be further documented. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of a linear block ST protocol in the rat model of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS After 6 weeks of MI induction or sham surgery, male adult rats performed ST for the following 12 weeks. The ladder-based ST program was organized in three mesocycles of 4 weeks, with one load increment for each block according to the maximal carrying load test. After 12 weeks, the infarcted-trained rats exhibited an increase in performance, associated with reduced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary congestion compared with the untrained group. Despite not changing MI size, the ST program partially prevented cardiac dilatation and ventricular dysfunction assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamics, and interstitial fibrosis evaluated by histology. In addition, isolated cardiac muscles from infarcted-trained rats had improved contractility parameters in a steady state, and in response to calcium or stimuli pauses. CONCLUSIONS The ST in infarcted rats increased the capacity to carry mass, associated with attenuation of cardiac remodeling and pulmonary congestion with improving cardiac function that could be attributed, at least in part, to the improvement of myocardial contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leisiane G Dias
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Carlos H O Reis
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - André S Leopoldo
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Bocalini
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Increased Myocardial Retention of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Post-MI by Pre-Conditioning Exercise Training. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:730-741. [PMID: 32306279 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell (SC) therapy is a promising approach to improve post-myocardial infarction (MI) cardiac remodeling, but the proinflammatory microenvironment may lead to SC loss and, therefore, may have a negative impact on therapy. It appears that exercise training (ET) improves myocardial microenvironment for SC transplantation. Therefore, we tested the effect of ET on post-infarction retention of adipose-derived SCs (ADSCs) and its combined effects on the inflammatory microenvironment. Fischer-344 female rats were randomized to one of the following groups: Sham; sedentary coronary occlusion who did not receive ADSCs (sMI); sedentary coronary occlusion who received ADSCs; exercise coronary occlusion who received ADSCs. Rats were trained nine weeks prior to MI, followed by ADSCs transplantation. The MI led to left ventricle (LV) dilation and dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and increased proinflammatory profile compared to Sham rats. Conversely, ADSCs transplanted rats exhibited, better morphological and functional LV parameters; inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis; and attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1β and 10, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β) in the myocardium compared to sMI rats. Interestingly, ET enhanced the effect of ADSCs on interleukin 10 expression. There was a correlation between cytokine expression and myocardial ADSCs retention. The. ET enhanced the beneficial effects of ADSCs in infarcted myocardium, which was associated with higher ADSCs retention. These findings highlight the importance of ET in myocardial retention of ADSCs and attenuation of cardiac remodeling post-infarction. Cytokine analysis suggests improvement in ET-linked myocardial microenvironment based on its anti-inflammatory action.
Collapse
|
3
|
Short-Term Cigarette Smoking in Rats Impairs Physical Capacity and Induces Cardiac Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2589892. [PMID: 33299864 PMCID: PMC7704129 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2589892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the strong evidence on the cardiac and renal damages after chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, there is a paucity of data on its short-term effects. The study evaluated the short-term effects of cigarette smoking on left ventricular (LV) remodeling, in vitro myocardial and renal function. Female Wistar rats were randomized to control (C) and cigarette smoking rats for eight weeks. Physical capacity was assessed using an adapted model of exhaustive swim; left ventricle (LV) morphology and function were also evaluated. Renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance and urine protein. The in vitro myocardial performance was analyzed in isolated papillary muscles. Rats exhibited reduced physical capacity after short-term cigarette smoking. Although there was no change on LV function, reduced chamber diameter was found in the smoking group associated with an increased LV wall thickness. There was augmented cardiac mass compared to C that was confirmed by increased cardiomyocyte nucleus volume, but in vitro myocardial performance and renal function were unchanged. A short-term cigarette smoking induces cardiac remodeling without abnormalities in function. The smoking group still preserved renal function and in vitro myocardial performance. However, the reduced physical capacity may suggest an impairment of the cardiac reserve.
Collapse
|
4
|
Manchini MT, Antônio EL, Silva Junior JA, de Carvalho PDTC, Albertini R, Pereira FC, Feliciano R, Montemor J, Vieira SS, Grandinetti V, Yoshizaki A, Chaves M, da Silva MP, de Lima RDN, Bocalini DS, de Melo BL, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Low-Level Laser Application in the Early Myocardial Infarction Stage Has No Beneficial Role in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2017; 8:23. [PMID: 28194115 PMCID: PMC5278498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been targeted as a promising approach that can mitigate post-infarction cardiac remodeling. There is some interesting evidence showing that the beneficial role of the LLLT could persist long-term even after the end of the application, but it remains to be systematically evaluated. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that LLLT beneficial effects in the early post-infarction cardiac remodeling could remain in overt heart failure even with the disruption of irradiations. Female Wistar rats were subjected to the coronary occlusion to induce myocardial infarction or Sham operation. A single LLLT application was carried out after 60 s and 3 days post-coronary occlusion, respectively. Echocardiography was performed 3 days and at the end of the experiment (5 weeks) to evaluate cardiac function. After the last echocardiographic examination, LV hemodynamic evaluation was performed at baseline and on sudden afterload increases. Compared with the Sham group, infarcted rats showed increased systolic and diastolic internal diameter as well as a depressed shortening fraction of LV. The only benefit of the LLLT was a higher shortening fraction after 3 days of infarction. However, treated-LLLT rats show a lower shortening fraction in the 5th week of study when compared with Sham and non-irradiated rats. A worsening of cardiac function was confirmed in the hemodynamic analysis as evidenced by the higher LV end-diastolic pressure and lower +dP/dt and −dP/dt with five weeks of study. Cardiac functional reserve was also impaired by infarction as evidenced by an attenuated response of stroke work index and cardiac output to a sudden afterload stress, without LLLT repercussions. No significant differences were found in the myocardial expression of Akt1/VEGF pathway. Collectively, these findings illustrate that LLLT improves LV systolic function in the early post-infarction cardiac remodeling. However, this beneficial effect may be dependent on the maintenance of phototherapy. Long-term studies with LLLT application are needed to establish whether these effects ultimately translate into improved cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha T Manchini
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antônio
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Regiane Albertini
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Pereira
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Feliciano
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Montemor
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella S Vieira
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Grandinetti
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Chaves
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Móises P da Silva
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo S Bocalini
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Brazil Physical Education and Aging Science Program, São Judas Tadeu University São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno L de Melo
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey J Serra
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Couto GK, Britto LRG, Mill JG, Rossoni LV. Enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability in coronary arteries prevents the onset of heart failure in rats with myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Aerobic exercise training improves oxidative stress and ubiquitin proteasome system activity in heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 402:193-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Bajgelman MC, Dos Santos L, Silva GJJ, Nakamuta J, Sirvente RA, Chaves M, Krieger JE, Strauss BE. Preservation of cardiac function in left ventricle cardiac hypertrophy using an AAV vector which provides VEGF-A expression in response to p53. Virology 2014; 476:106-114. [PMID: 25543961 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the application of our adeno-associated virus (AAV2) vector where transgene expression is driven by a synthetic, p53-responsive promoter, termed PG, used to supply human vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 (VEGF-A). Thus, p53 is harnessed to promote the beneficial expression of VEGF-A encoded by the AAVPG vector, bypassing the negative effect of p53 on HIF-1α which occurs during cardiac hypertrophy. Wistar rats were submitted to pressure overload induced by thoracic aorta coarctation (TAC) with or without concomitant gene therapy (intramuscular delivery in the left ventricle). After 12 weeks, rats receiving AAVPG-VEGF gene therapy were compared to those that did not, revealing significantly improved cardiac function under hemodynamic stress, lack of fibrosis and reversal of capillary rarefaction. With these functional assays, we have demonstrated that application of the AAVPG-VEGF vector under physiologic conditions known to stimulate p53 resulted in the preservation of cardiac performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio C Bajgelman
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J J Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nakamuta
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel A Sirvente
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Chaves
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zogbi C, Saturi de Carvalho AET, Nakamuta JS, Caceres VDM, Prando S, Giorgi MCP, Rochitte CE, Meneghetti JC, Krieger JE. Early postnatal rat ventricle resection leads to long-term preserved cardiac function despite tissue hypoperfusion. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/8/e12115. [PMID: 25168870 PMCID: PMC4246584 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One‐day‐old mice display a brief capacity for heart regeneration after apex resection. We sought to examine this response in a different model and to determine the impact of this early process on long‐term tissue perfusion and overall cardiac function in response to stress. Apical resection of postnatal rats at day 1 (P1) and 7 (P7) rendered 18 ± 1.0% and 16 ± 1.3% loss of cardiac area estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively (P > 0.05). P1 was associated with evidence of cardiac neoformation as indicated by Troponin I and Connexin 43 expression at 21 days postresection, while in the P7 group mainly scar tissue replacement ensued. Interestingly, there was an apparent lack of uniform alignment of newly formed cells in P1, and we detected cardiac tissue hypoperfusion for both groups at 21 and 60 days postresection using SPECT scanning. Direct basal cardiac function at 60 days, when the early lesion is undetectable, was preserved in all groups, whereas under hemodynamic stress the degree of change on LVDEP, Stroke Volume and Stroke Work indicated diminished overall cardiac function in P7 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the End‐Diastolic Pressure–Volume relationship and increased interstitial collagen deposition in P7 is consistent with increased chamber stiffness. Taken together, we provide evidence that early cardiac repair response to apex resection in rats also leads to cardiomyocyte neoformation and is associated to long‐term preservation of cardiac function despite tissue hypoperfusion. We provide evidence that 1‐day‐old rats display early repair capacity after apex resection and this response is lost in 1‐week‐old animals similarly described for mice. The repair response is associated with long‐term preservation of overall cardiac function, despite the fact that repair is incomplete and there is tissue hypoperfusion at 21 and 60 day post injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Zogbi
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana S Nakamuta
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane de M Caceres
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Prando
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C P Giorgi
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Rochitte
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose C Meneghetti
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
dos Santos L, Gonçalves GA, Davel AP, Santos AA, Krieger JE, Rossoni LV, Tucci PJ. Cell therapy prevents structural, functional and molecular remodeling of remote non-infarcted myocardium. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3829-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Luiz RDS, Silva KAS, Rampaso RR, Antônio EL, Montemor J, Bocalini DS, Dos Santos L, Moura L, Tucci PJF, de Abreu NP, Schor N. Exercise attenuates renal dysfunction with preservation of myocardial function in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55363. [PMID: 23408975 PMCID: PMC3567080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that exercise improves renal and cardiac functions in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term aerobic swimming exercise with overload on renal and cardiac function in rats with 5/6 nefrectomy (5/6Nx). Eight Wistar rats were placed into 4 groups: Control (C), Control+Exercise (E), Sedentary 5/6Nx (NxS) and 5/6Nx+Exercise (NxE). The rats were subjected to swimming exercise sessions with overload for 30 min five days per week for five weeks. Exercise reduced the effect of 5/6Nx on creatinine clearance compared to the NxS group. In addition, exercise minimized the increase in mean proteinuria compared to the NxS group (96.9±10.0 vs. 51.4±9.9 mg/24 h; p<0.05). Blood pressure was higher in the NxS and NxE groups compared to the C and E groups (216±4 and 178±3 vs. 123±2 and 124±2 mm Hg, p<0.05). In the 200 glomeruli that were evaluated, the NxS group had a higher sclerosis index than did the NxE group (16% vs. 2%, p<0.05). Echocardiography demonstrated a higher anterior wall of the left ventricle (LV) in diastole in the NxS group compared with the C, E and NxE groups. The NxS group also had a higher LV posterior wall in diastole and systole compared with the E group. The developed isometric tension in Lmax of the heart papillary muscle was lower in the NxS group compared with the C, E and NxE groups. These results suggested that exercise in 5/6Nx animals might reduce the progression of renal disease and lessen the cardiovascular impact of a reduction in renal mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael da Silva Luiz
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huisman HW, Schutte AE, Schutte R, van Rooyen JM, Fourie CMT, Mels CMC, Smith W, Malan NT, Malan L. Exploring the link between cardiovascular reactivity and end-organ damage in African and Caucasian men: the SABPA study. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:68-75. [PMID: 23382329 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure in the African population is reaching alarming levels. Increased afterload as a result of increased vasoconstriction during stress may lead to impaired ventricular function and stroke volume (SV) as well as vascular hypertrophy. In this study, we challenged the cardiovascular system in order to evaluate the possible contribution of indicators of α-adrenergic vasoconstriction (i.e., vascular resistance and SV reactivity) on left ventricular mass and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in African and Caucasian men. METHODS We evaluated 101 African and 101 Caucasian male schoolteachers. Ambulatory blood pressure measurements were taken. Total peripheral resistance, Windkessel compliance and SV, and resting and reactivity values were obtained using a Finometer device while the Stroop color word conflict test was being applied. The electrocardiogram was recorded to obtain the Cornell product as indication of left ventricular mass. The CIMT was measured and the cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) calculated. RESULTS African men showed higher total vascular resistance resting values as well as higher positive reactivity values compared with Caucasian men. The SV decreased significantly during stress in African men while resting blood pressure and the Cornell product value increased. SV showed a consistent association with left ventricular mass (β = -0.21; P = 0.04) and CSWA (β = -0.24; P = 0.01) in single and multiple regression analyses. No such associations were evident in the Caucasian men. CONCLUSIONS African men showed a suppressed SV, possibly as a result of an increased ventricular afterload leading to end-organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo W Huisman
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mill JG, Stefanon I, dos Santos L, Baldo MP. Remodeling in the ischemic heart: the stepwise progression for heart failure. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:890-8. [PMID: 21829898 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in the developed world and in developing countries. Acute mortality from acute myocardial infarction (MI) has decreased in the last decades. However, the incidence of heart failure (HF) in patients with healed infarcted areas is increasing. Therefore, HF prevention is a major challenge to the health system in order to reduce healthcare costs and to provide a better quality of life. Animal models of ischemia and infarction have been essential in providing precise information regarding cardiac remodeling. Several of these changes are maladaptive, and they progressively lead to ventricular dilatation and predispose to the development of arrhythmias, HF and death. These events depend on cell death due to necrosis and apoptosis and on activation of the inflammatory response soon after MI. Systemic and local neurohumoral activation has also been associated with maladaptive cardiac remodeling, predisposing to HF. In this review, we provide a timely description of the cardiovascular alterations that occur after MI at the cellular, neurohumoral and electrical level and discuss the repercussions of these alterations on electrical, mechanical and structural dysfunction of the heart. We also identify several areas where insufficient knowledge limits the adoption of better strategies to prevent HF development in chronically infarcted individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Mill
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Danoviz ME, Nakamuta JS, Marques FLN, dos Santos L, Alvarenga EC, dos Santos AA, Antonio EL, Schettert IT, Tucci PJ, Krieger JE. Rat adipose tissue-derived stem cells transplantation attenuates cardiac dysfunction post infarction and biopolymers enhance cell retention. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12077. [PMID: 20711471 PMCID: PMC2919414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac cell transplantation is compromised by low cell retention and poor graft viability. Here, the effects of co-injecting adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) with biopolymers on cell cardiac retention, ventricular morphometry and performance were evaluated in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methodology/Principal Findings 99mTc-labeled ASCs (1×106 cells) isolated from isogenic Lewis rats were injected 24 hours post-MI using fibrin a, collagen (ASC/C), or culture medium (ASC/M) as vehicle, and cell body distribution was assessed 24 hours later by γ-emission counting of harvested organs. ASC/F and ASC/C groups retained significantly more cells in the myocardium than ASC/M (13.8±2.0 and 26.8±2.4% vs. 4.8±0.7%, respectively). Then, morphometric and direct cardiac functional parameters were evaluated 4 weeks post-MI cell injection. Left ventricle (LV) perimeter and percentage of interstitial collagen in the spare myocardium were significantly attenuated in all ASC-treated groups compared to the non-treated (NT) and control groups (culture medium, fibrin, or collagen alone). Direct hemodynamic assessment under pharmacological stress showed that stroke volume (SV) and left ventricle end-diastolic pressure were preserved in ASC-treated groups regardless of the vehicle used to deliver ASCs. Stroke work (SW), a global index of cardiac function, improved in ASC/M while it normalized when biopolymers were co-injected with ASCs. A positive correlation was observed between cardiac ASCs retention and preservation of SV and improvement in SW post-MI under hemodynamic stress. Conclusions We provided direct evidence that intramyocardial injection of ASCs mitigates the negative cardiac remodeling and preserves ventricular function post-MI in rats and these beneficial effects can be further enhanced by administrating co-injection of ASCs with biopolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Danoviz
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio L. N. Marques
- Radiopharmacy Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine Center, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Erica C. Alvarenga
- Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ednei L. Antonio
- Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo J. Tucci
- Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E. Krieger
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: http://www.incor.usp.br/genetica
| |
Collapse
|