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Koeppel J, Weller J, Peets EM, Pallaseni A, Kuzmin I, Raudvere U, Peterson H, Liberante FG, Parts L. Prediction of prime editing insertion efficiencies using sequence features and DNA repair determinants. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1446-1456. [PMID: 36797492 PMCID: PMC10567557 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Most short sequences can be precisely written into a selected genomic target using prime editing; however, it remains unclear what factors govern insertion. We design a library of 3,604 sequences of various lengths and measure the frequency of their insertion into four genomic sites in three human cell lines, using different prime editor systems in varying DNA repair contexts. We find that length, nucleotide composition and secondary structure of the insertion sequence all affect insertion rates. We also discover that the 3' flap nucleases TREX1 and TREX2 suppress the insertion of longer sequences. Combining the sequence and repair features into a machine learning model, we can predict relative frequency of insertions into a site with R = 0.70. Finally, we demonstrate how our accurate prediction and user-friendly software help choose codon variants of common fusion tags that insert at high efficiency, and provide a catalog of empirically determined insertion rates for over a hundred useful sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kuzmin
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Uku Raudvere
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hedi Peterson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Leopold Parts
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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2
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Kennedy L, Ollier B. Untangling the genetic traits underlying the development of copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers. Vet Rec 2023; 193:154-156. [PMID: 37594835 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bill Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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3
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Al-Keilani MS, Awad S, Hammouri HM, Al Shalakhti T, Almomani BA, Dahabreh MM, Ajlony MJ. Evaluation of serum VIP and aCGRP during pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis: A longitudinal pilot study of patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284511. [PMID: 37146001 PMCID: PMC10162560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective monitoring of improvement during treatment of pulmonary exacerbation can be difficulty in children when pulmonary function testing cannot be obtained. Thus, the identification of predictive biomarkers to determine the efficacy of drug treatments is of high priority. The major aim of the current study was to investigate the serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and alpha calcitonin gene related peptide (aCGRP) of cystic fibrosis pediatric patients during pulmonary exacerbation and post-antibiotic therapy, and possible associations of their levels with different clinicopathological parameters. METHODS 21 patients with cystic fibrosis were recruited at onset of pulmonary exacerbation. Serum was collected at time of admission, three days post-antibiotic therapy, and two weeks post-antibiotic therapy (end of antibiotic therapy). Serum VIP and aCGRP levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS Overall least square means of serum aCGRP level but not VIP changed from time of exacerbation to completion of antibiotic therapy (p = 0.005). Serum VIP was significantly associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.026) and other comorbidities (p = 0.013), and with type of antibiotic therapy (p = 0.019). Serum aCGRP level was significantly associated with type of antibiotic therapy (p = 0.012) and positive Staphylococcus aureus microbiology test (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION This study could only show significant changes in serum aCGRP levels following treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. Future studies with larger sample size are required to investigate the clinical importance of VIP and aCGRP in cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha S Al-Keilani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Samah Awad
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Hanan M Hammouri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tala Al Shalakhti
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Basima A Almomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muna M Dahabreh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal London Hospital Barts NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Guidelines for Cystic Fibrosis Carrier Screening in the Prenatal/Preconception Period. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2022; 77:606-610. [DOI: 10.1097/ogx.0000000000001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Catellani C, Cirillo F, Graziano S, Montanini L, Marmiroli N, Gullì M, Street ME. MicroRNA global profiling in cystic fibrosis cell lines reveals dysregulated pathways related with inflammation, cancer, growth, glucose and lipid metabolism, and fertility: an exploratory study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022133. [PMID: 35775757 PMCID: PMC9335447 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i3.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cystic fibrosis (CF), is due to CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) loss of function, and is associated with comorbidities. The increasing longevity of CF patients has been associated with increased cancer risk besides the other known comorbidities. The significant heterogeneity among patients, suggests potential epigenetic regulation. Little attention has been given to how CFTR influences microRNA (miRNA) expression and how this may impact on biological processes and pathways. METHODS We assessed the changes in miRNAs and subsequently identified the affected molecular pathways using CFBE41o-, and IB3 human immortalized cell lines since they reflect the most common genetic mutations in CF patients, and 16HBE14o- cells were used as controls. RESULTS In the CF cell lines, 41 miRNAs showed significant changes (FC (log2) ≥ +2 or FC (log2) ≤ -2 and p-value≤0.05). Gene target analysis evidenced 511 validated miRNA target genes. Gene Ontology analysis evidenced cancer, inflammation, body growth, glucose, and lipid metabolism as the biological processes most impacted by these miRNAs. Protein-protein interaction and pathway analysis highlighted 50 significantly enriched pathways among which RAS, TGF beta, JAK/STAT and insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS CFTR loss of function is associated with changes in the miRNA network, which regulates genes involved in the major comorbidities that affect CF patients suggesting that further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy, PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luisa Montanini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria E. Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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6
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Caudri D, Turkovic L, de Klerk NH, Rosenow T, Murray CP, Steyerberg EW, Ranganathan SC, Sly P, Stick SM, Breuer O. A screening tool to identify risk for bronchiectasis progression in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:122-131. [PMID: 34596357 PMCID: PMC9292934 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marked heterogeneity in cystic fibrosis (CF) disease complicates the selection of those most likely to benefit from existing or emergent treatments. OBJECTIVE We aimed to predict the progression of bronchiectasis in preschool children with CF. METHODS Using data collected up to 3 years of age, in the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for CF cohort study, clinical information, chest computed tomography (CT) scores, and biomarkers from bronchoalveolar lavage were assessed in a multivariable linear regression model as predictors for CT bronchiectasis at age 5-6. RESULTS Follow-up at 5-6 years was available in 171 children. Bronchiectasis prevalence at 5-6 was 134/171 (78%) and median bronchiectasis score was 3 (range 0-12). The internally validated multivariate model retained eight independent predictors accounting for 37% (adjusted R2 ) of the variance in bronchiectasis score. The strongest predictors of future bronchiectasis were: pancreatic insufficiency, repeated intravenous treatment courses, recurrent lower respiratory infections in the first 3 years of life, and lower airway inflammation. Dichotomizing the resulting prediction score at a bronchiectasis score of above the median resulted in a diagnostic odds ratio of 13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3-27) with positive and negative predictive values of 80% (95% CI, 72%-86%) and 77% (95% CI, 69%-83%), respectively. CONCLUSION Early assessment of bronchiectasis risk in children with CF is feasible with reasonable precision at a group level, which can assist in high-risk patient selection for interventional trials. The unexplained variability in disease progression at individual patient levels remains high, limiting the use of this model as a clinical prediction tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Caudri
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics/Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidija Turkovic
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicholas H de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tim Rosenow
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Conor P Murray
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarath C Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Oded Breuer
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia.,Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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7
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Nowakowski A“XCH, Balasa G“E, Figueira MF, LaRosa F“TJ, Lawlor JMJ. Coming Full Circle: Reflections and Inspirations from a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Scientist Panel. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221086921. [PMID: 35420504 PMCID: PMC9016558 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221086921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Care for many progressive chronic diseases continues to improve, allowing
patients to survive and thrive for longer periods of time1. People
living with such conditions may now find themselves able to achieve long-term
goals in education and career development2. Many people now occupy
the dual roles of scientist and patient3. This commentary article
synthesizes experiences of scientists and advocates with the progressive genetic
disease cystic fibrosis (CF) who collaborated on a career development session
for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation’s inaugural ResearchCon event in 2019. It
explores how such collaborations affirm and transform individual perspectives on
patient science and its importance in broader scientific research agenda
setting. We first share our own individual insights about the experience and
impact of the ResearchCon panel session before progressing to discussion and
future directions centering the shared insights from one another’s
reflections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miriam F. Figueira
- Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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8
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Woodall M, Reidel B, Kesimer M, Tarran R, Baines DL. Culture with apically applied healthy or disease sputum alters the airway surface liquid proteome and ion transport across human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C954-C963. [PMID: 34613844 PMCID: PMC8714986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00234.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Airway secretions contain many signaling molecules and peptides/proteins that are
not found in airway surface liquid (ASL) generated by normal human bronchial
epithelial cells (NHBEs) in vitro. These play a key role in innate defense and
mediate communication between the epithelium, the immune cells, and the external
environment. We investigated how culture of NHBE with apically applied
secretions from healthy or diseased (cystic fibrosis, CF) lungs affected
epithelial function with a view to providing better in vitro models of the in
vivo environment. NHBEs from 6 to 8 different donors were cultured at air-liquid
interface (ALI), with apically applied sputum from normal healthy donors (normal
lung sputum; NLS) or CF donors (CFS) for 2–4 h, 48 h, or with sputum
reapplied over 48 h. Proteomics analysis was carried out on the sputa and on the
NHBE ASL before and after culture with sputa. Transepithelial electrical
resistance (TEER), short circuit current (Isc), and changes to ASL
height were measured. There were 71 proteins common to both sputa but not ASL.
The protease:protease inhibitor balance was increased in CFS compared with NLS
and ASL. Culture of NHBE with sputa for 48 h identified additional factors not
present in NLS, CFS, or ASL alone. Culture with either NLS or CFS for 48 h
increased cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) activity,
calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity, and changed ASL height.
These data indicate that culture with healthy or disease sputum changes the
proteomic profile of ASL and ion transport properties of NHBE and this may
increase physiological relevance when using in vitro airway models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian Woodall
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Reidel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Deborah L Baines
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Abstract
Disease classification, or nosology, was historically driven by careful examination of clinical features of patients. As technologies to measure and understand human phenotypes advanced, so too did classifications of disease, and the advent of genetic data has led to a surge in genetic subtyping in the past decades. Although the fundamental process of refining disease definitions and subtypes is shared across diverse fields, each field is driven by its own goals and technological expertise, leading to inconsistent and conflicting definitions of disease subtypes. Here, we review several classical and recent subtypes and subtyping approaches and provide concrete definitions to delineate subtypes. In particular, we focus on subtypes with distinct causal disease biology, which are of primary interest to scientists, and subtypes with pragmatic medical benefits, which are of primary interest to physicians. We propose genetic heterogeneity as a gold standard for establishing biologically distinct subtypes of complex polygenic disease. We focus especially on methods to find and validate genetic subtypes, emphasizing common pitfalls and how to avoid them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Dahl
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; .,Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA; .,Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA; .,Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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10
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Shaukat I, Bakhos-Douaihy D, Zhu Y, Seaayfan E, Demaretz S, Frachon N, Weber S, Kömhoff M, Vargas-Poussou R, Laghmani K. New insights into the role of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in Bartter Syndrome Type 1. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:947-968. [PMID: 33973684 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Na-K-2Cl co-transporter, NKCC2, lead to type I Bartter syndrome (BS1), a life-threatening kidney disease. Yet, our knowledge of the molecular regulation of NKCC2 mutants remains poor. Here, we aimed to identify the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of one novel and three previously reported missense NKCC2 mutations. Co-immunolocalization studies revealed that all NKCC2 variants are not functional because they are not expressed at the cell surface due to retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Cycloheximide chase assays together with treatment by protein degradation and mannose trimming inhibitors demonstrated that the defect in NKCC2 maturation arises from ER retention and associated degradation (ERAD). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down experiments revealed that the ER lectin OS9 is involved in the ERAD of NKCC2 mutants. 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) treatment mimicked OS9 knock-down effect on NKCC2 mutants by stabilizing their immature forms. Importantly, out of the four studied mutants, only one showed an increased protein maturation upon treatment with glycerol. In summary, our study reveals that BS1 is among diseases linked to the ERAD pathway. Moreover, our data open the possibility that maturation of some ER retained NKCC2 variants is correctable by chemical chaperones offering, therefore, promising avenues in elucidating the molecular pathways governing the ERAD of NKCC2 folding mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Shaukat
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Dalal Bakhos-Douaihy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Elie Seaayfan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Demaretz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Frachon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kömhoff
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Kamel Laghmani
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
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11
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Tukker AM, Royal CD, Bowman AB, McAllister KA. The Impact of Environmental Factors on Monogenic Mendelian Diseases. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:3-12. [PMID: 33677604 PMCID: PMC8599782 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors and gene-environment interactions modify the variable expressivity, progression, severity, and onset of some classic (monogenic) Mendelian-inherited genetic diseases. Cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, Parkinson's disease, and sickle cell disease are examples of well-known Mendelian disorders that are influenced by exogenous exposures. Environmental factors may act by direct or indirect mechanisms to modify disease severity, timing, and presentation, including through epigenomic influences, protein misfolding, miRNA alterations, transporter activity, and mitochondrial effects. Because pathological features of early-onset Mendelian diseases can mimic later onset complex diseases, we propose that studies of environmental exposure vulnerabilities using monogenic model systems of rare Mendelian diseases have high potential to provide insight into complex disease phenotypes arising from multi-genetic/multi-toxicant interactions. Mendelian disorders can be modeled by homologous mutations in animal model systems with strong recapitulation of human disease etiology and natural history, providing an important advantage for study of these diseases. Monogenic high penetrant mutations are ideal for toxicant challenge studies with a wide variety of environmental stressors, because background genetic variability may be less able to alter the relatively strong phenotype driving disease-causing mutations. These models promote mechanistic understandings of gene-environment interactions and biological pathways relevant to both Mendelian and related sporadic complex disease outcomes by creating a sensitized background for relevant environmental risk factors. Additionally, rare disease communities are motivated research participants, creating the potential of strong research allies among rare Mendelian disease advocacy groups and disease registries and providing a variety of translational opportunities that are under-utilized in genetic or environmental health science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M Tukker
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2051
| | - Charmaine D Royal
- Departments of African and African American Studies, Biology, Global Health, and Family Medicine and Community Health and Center on Genomics, Race, Identity, Difference, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2051
| | - Kimberly A McAllister
- Genes Environment and Health Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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12
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Sanders M, Lawlor JMJ, Li X, Schuen JN, Millard SL, Zhang X, Buck L, Grysko B, Uhl KL, Hinds D, Stenger CL, Morris M, Lamb N, Levy H, Bupp C, Prokop JW. Genomic, transcriptomic, and protein landscape profile of CFTR and cystic fibrosis. Hum Genet 2021; 140:423-439. [PMID: 32734384 PMCID: PMC7855842 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused most often by removal of amino acid 508 (Phe508del, deltaF508) within CFTR, yet dozens of additional CFTR variants are known to give rise to CF and many variants in the genome are known to contribute to CF pathology. To address CFTR coding variants, we developed a sequence-to-structure-to-dynamic matrix for all amino acids of CFTR using 233 vertebrate species, CFTR structure within a lipid membrane, and 20 ns of molecular dynamic simulation to assess known variants from the CFTR1, CFTR2, ClinVar, TOPmed, gnomAD, and COSMIC databases. Surprisingly, we identify 18 variants of uncertain significance within CFTR from diverse populations that are heritable and a likely cause of CF that have been understudied due to nonexistence in Caucasian populations. In addition, 15 sites within the genome are known to modulate CF pathology, where we have identified one genome region (chr11:34754985-34836401) that contributes to CF through modulation of expression of a noncoding RNA in epithelial cells. These 15 sites are just the beginning of understanding comodifiers of CF, where utilization of eQTLs suggests many additional genomics of CFTR expressing cells that can be influenced by genomic background of CFTR variants. This work highlights that many additional insights of CF genetics are needed, particularly as pharmaceutical interventions increase in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - James M J Lawlor
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - John N Schuen
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Susan L Millard
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Leah Buck
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, 35632, USA
| | - Bethany Grysko
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Katie L Uhl
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - David Hinds
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Cynthia L Stenger
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, 35632, USA
| | - Michele Morris
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Neil Lamb
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Hara Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Caleb Bupp
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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13
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Fawcett LK, Wakefield CE, Sivam S, Middleton PG, Wark P, Widger J, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Avatar acceptability: views from the Australian Cystic Fibrosis community on the use of personalised organoid technology to guide treatment decisions. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00448-2020. [PMID: 33532470 PMCID: PMC7836586 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00448-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-oriented research approaches that reflect the needs and priorities of those most affected by health research outcomes improves translation of research findings into practice. Targeted therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF) are now a viable treatment option for some eligible individuals despite the heterogeneous patient-specific therapeutic response. This has necessitated development of a clinical tool that predicts treatment response for individual patients. Patient-derived mini-organs (organoids) have been at the forefront of this development. However, little is known about their acceptability in CF patients and members of the public. Methods We used a cross-sectional observational design to conduct an online survey in people with CF, their carers and community comparisons. Acceptability was examined in five domains: 1) willingness to use organoids, 2) perceived advantages and disadvantages of organoids, 3) acceptable out-of-pocket costs, 4) turnaround time and 5) source of tissue. Results In total, 188 participants completed the questionnaire, including adults with CF and parents of children with CF (90 (48%)), and adults without CF and parents of children without CF (98 (52%)). Use of organoids to guide treatment decisions in CF was acceptable to 86 (95%) CF participants and 98 (100%) community participants. The most important advantage was that organoids may improve treatment selection, improving the patient's quality of life and life expectancy. The most important disadvantage was that the organoid recommended treatment might be unavailable or too expensive. Conclusions These findings indicate acceptance of patient-derived organoids as a tool to predict treatment response by the majority of people surveyed. This may indicate successful future implementation into healthcare systems. The perspective regarding clinical use of patient-derived organoid models to enable cystic fibrosis personalised therapeutic decision-making of 188 participating adults surveyedhttps://bit.ly/30nWDJ7
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Fawcett
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila Sivam
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter G Middleton
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Wark
- Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - John Widger
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Carriers of cystic fibrosis among sperm donors: complete CFTR gene analysis versus CFTR genotyping. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:524-534. [PMID: 32773111 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of cystic fibrosis (CF) carriers among sperm donors in Spain studied through a complete analysis of the CFTR gene and to compare the results with those that would have been obtained by the 4 genotyping panels of the CFTR gene most commonly used as a carrier test in the context of assisted reproduction in our country. DESIGN Descriptive observational study. SETTING Private center. PATIENTS Nine hundred thirty-five sperm donors, from January 2014 to June 2019. INTERVENTION None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Presence of pathogenic variants in the CFTR gene. RESULTS 17% of the donors were carriers of at least 1 pathogenic variant in CFTR, with 39 different pathogenic variants detected. Only 4 of these 39 variants (10.27%) would have been detected by the 4 genotyping tests considered, and 22 variants (56.41%) would not have been detected by any of the genotyping tests. The pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene included in the different genotyping tests analyzed vary widely, and <50% are common to all of them. CONCLUSIONS Although the was not based in the general population, these results show that the use of genotyping tests is associated with a high reproductive risk, because the rate of detection of CF carriers was lower when these panels were applied, in comparison with the complete study of the CFTR gene. We recommend that complete sequencing of the CFTR gene by next-generation sequencing be performed as a screening method for CF in sperm donors.
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15
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Chandel A, Pak K, Dooley S, Salazar K. Decades of cough: delayed recognition of atypical cystic fibrosis in an adult patient. JRSM Open 2020; 11:2054270420921003. [PMID: 32577293 PMCID: PMC7290270 DOI: 10.1177/2054270420921003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 30-year-old male diagnosed with atypical cystic fibrosis. This report demonstrates the heterogeneity of the presentation of this common genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Chandel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Kevin Pak
- Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Sean Dooley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Krystle Salazar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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16
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McCague AF, Raraigh KS, Pellicore MJ, Davis-Marcisak EF, Evans TA, Han ST, Lu Z, Joynt AT, Sharma N, Castellani C, Collaco JM, Corey M, Lewis MH, Penland CM, Rommens JM, Stephenson AL, Sosnay PR, Cutting GR. Correlating Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function with Clinical Features to Inform Precision Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:1116-1126. [PMID: 30888834 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201901-0145oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The advent of precision treatment for cystic fibrosis using small-molecule therapeutics has created a need to estimate potential clinical improvements attributable to increases in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. Objectives: To derive CFTR function of a variety of CFTR genotypes and correlate with key clinical features (sweat chloride concentration, pancreatic exocrine status, and lung function) to develop benchmarks for assessing response to CFTR modulators. Methods: CFTR function assigned to 226 unique CFTR genotypes was correlated with the clinical data of 54,671 individuals enrolled in the Clinical and Functional Translation of CFTR (CFTR2) project. Cross-sectional FEV1% predicted measurements were plotted by age at which measurement was obtained. Shifts in sweat chloride concentration and lung function reported in CFTR modulator trials were compared with function-phenotype correlations to assess potential efficacy of therapies. Measurements and Main Results: CFTR genotype function exhibited a logarithmic relationship with each clinical feature. Modest increases in CFTR function related to differing genotypes were associated with clinically relevant improvements in cross-sectional FEV1% predicted over a range of ages (6-82 yr). Therapeutic responses to modulators corresponded closely to predictions from the CFTR2-derived relationship between CFTR genotype function and phenotype. Conclusions: Increasing CFTR function in individuals with severe disease will have a proportionally greater effect on outcomes than similar increases in CFTR function in individuals with mild disease and should reverse a substantial fraction of the disease process. This study provides reference standards for clinical outcomes that may be achieved by increasing CFTR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison F McCague
- 1 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Karen S Raraigh
- 1 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Taylor A Evans
- 1 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Sangwoo T Han
- 1 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Zhongzhou Lu
- 1 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Anya T Joynt
- 1 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- 1 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Carlo Castellani
- 2 Cystic Fibrosis Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Joseph M Collaco
- 3 Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Johanna M Rommens
- 7 Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne L Stephenson
- 8 Department of Respirology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick R Sosnay
- 9 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Garry R Cutting
- 1 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine
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17
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Shanthikumar S, Neeland MN, Saffery R, Ranganathan S. Gene modifiers of cystic fibrosis lung disease: A systematic review. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1356-1366. [PMID: 31140758 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung disease is the major source of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF), with large variability in severity between patients. Although accurate prediction of lung disease severity would be extremely useful, no robust methods exist. Twin and sibling studies have highlighted the importance of non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genes in determining lung disease severity but how these impact on the severity in CF remains unclear. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to answer the question "In patients with CF which non-CFTR genes modify the severity of lung disease?" The method for this systematic review was based upon the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)" statement, with a narrative synthesis of results planned. RESULTS A total of 1168 articles were screened for inclusion, with 275 articles undergoing detailed assessment for inclusion. One hundred and forty articles were included. Early studies focused on candidate genes, whereas more recent studies utilized genome-wide approaches and also examined epigenetic mechanisms, gene expression, and therapeutic response. DISCUSSION A large body of evidence regarding non-CFTR gene modifiers of lung disease severity has been generated, examining a wide array of genes. Limitations to existing studies include heterogeneity in outcome measures used, limited replication, and relative lack of clinical impact. Future work examining non-CFTR gene modifiers will have to overcome these limitations if gene modifiers are to have a meaningful role in the care of patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases Department, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie N Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia.,Centre of Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases Department, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Valley HC, Bukis KM, Bell A, Cheng Y, Wong E, Jordan NJ, Allaire NE, Sivachenko A, Liang F, Bihler H, Thomas PJ, Mahiou J, Mense M. Isogenic cell models of cystic fibrosis-causing variants in natively expressing pulmonary epithelial cells. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:476-483. [PMID: 30563749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of approved drugs and developmental drug candidates for rare cystic fibrosis (CF)-causing variants of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) requires abundant material from relevant models. METHODS Isogenic cell lines harboring CFTR variants in the native genomic context were created through the development and utilization of a footprint-less, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing pipeline in 16HBE14o- immortalized bronchial epithelial cells. RESULTS Isogenic, homozygous cell lines for three CFTR variants (F508del and the two most common CF-causing nonsense variants, G542X and W1282X) were established and characterized. The F508del model recapitulates the known molecular pathology and pharmacology. The two models of nonsense variants (G542X and W1282X) are sensitive to Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD) and responsive to reference compounds that inhibit NMD and promote ribosomal readthrough. CONCLUSIONS We present a versatile, efficient gene editing pipeline that can be used to create CFTR variants in the native genomic context and the utilization of this pipeline to create homozygous cell models for the CF-causing variants F508del, G542X, and W1282X. The resulting cell lines provide a virtually unlimited source of material with specific pathogenic mutations that can be used in a variety of assays, including functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary C Valley
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Katherine M Bukis
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Alisa Bell
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Yi Cheng
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Eric Wong
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Nikole J Jordan
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Normand E Allaire
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Andrey Sivachenko
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Feng Liang
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Hermann Bihler
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Philip J Thomas
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA; University of Texas - Southwestern, UT Southwestern Medical Ctr., 6001 Forrest Park Rd ND12.126B, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Jerome Mahiou
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Martin Mense
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFFT Lab, 44 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
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19
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Hodges CA, Conlon RA. Delivering on the promise of gene editing for cystic fibrosis. Genes Dis 2018; 6:97-108. [PMID: 31193992 PMCID: PMC6545485 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe a path for translation of gene editing into therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF). Cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the CFTR gene, with one allele predominant in patient populations. This simple, genetic etiology makes gene editing appealing for treatment of this disease. There already have been success in applying this approach to cystic fibrosis in cell and animal models, although these advances have been modest in comparison to advances for other disease. Less than six years after its first demonstration in animals, CRISPR/Cas gene editing is in early clinical trials for several disorders. Most clinical trials, thus far, attempt to edit genes in cells of the blood lineages. The advantage of the blood is that the stem cells are known, can be isolated, edited, selected, expanded, and returned to the body. The likely next trials will be in the liver, which is accessible to many delivery methods. For cystic fibrosis, the biggest hurdle is to deliver editors to other, less accessible organs. We outline a path by which delivery can be improved. The translation of new therapies doesn't occur in isolation, and the development of gene editors is occurring as advances in gene therapy and small molecule therapeutics are being made. The advances made in gene therapy may help develop delivery vehicles for gene editing, although major improvements are needed. Conversely, the approval of effective small molecule therapies for many patients with cystic fibrosis will raise the bar for translation of gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Hodges
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald A Conlon
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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20
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Clinical metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate in chronic respiratory diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 88:121-149. [PMID: 30612604 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are complex multifactorial disorders involving the airways and other lung structures. The development of reliable markers for an early and accurate diagnosis, including disease phenotype, and prediction of the response and/or adherence to treatment prescribed are essential points for the correct management of CRDs. Beside the traditional techniques to detect biomarkers, "omics" sciences have stimulated interest in clinical field as they could potentially improve the study of disease phenotype. Perturbations in a variety of metabolic and signaling pathways could contribute an understanding of CRDs pathogenesis. In particular, metabolomics provides powerful tools to map biological perturbations and their relationship with disease pathogenesis. The exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a natural matrix of the respiratory tract, and is well suited for metabolomics studies. In this article, we review the current state of metabolomics methodology applied to EBC in the study of CRDs.
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21
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Kaur G, Grover V, Bhaskar N, Kaur RK, Jain A. Periodontal Infectogenomics. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:8. [PMID: 29760828 PMCID: PMC5937045 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic infectious disease in which the pathogenic bacteria initiate the host immune response leading to the destruction of tooth supporting tissue and eventually result in the tooth loss. It has multifactorial etiological factors including local, systemic, environmental and genetic factors. The effect of genetic factors on periodontal disease is already under extensive research and has explained the role of polymorphisms of immune mediators affecting disease response. The role genetic factors in pathogens colonisation is emerged as a new field of research as "infectogenomics". It is a rapidly evolving and high-priority research area now days. It further elaborates the role of genetic factors in disease pathogenesis and help in the treatment, control and early prevention of infection. The aim of this review is to summarise the contemporary evidence available in the field of periodontal infectogenomics to draw some valuable conclusions to further elaborate its role in disease pathogenesis and its application in the clinical practice. This will open up opportunity for more extensive research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nandini Bhaskar
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rose Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
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22
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Agrawal PB, Wang R, Li HL, Schmitz-Abe K, Simone-Roach C, Chen J, Shi J, Louie T, Sheng S, Towne MC, Brainson CF, Matthay MA, Kim CF, Bamshad M, Emond MJ, Gerard NP, Kleyman TR, Gerard C. The Epithelial Sodium Channel Is a Modifier of the Long-Term Nonprogressive Phenotype Associated with F508del CFTR Mutations. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:711-720. [PMID: 28708422 PMCID: PMC5765421 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0166oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains the most lethal genetic disease in the Caucasian population. However, there is great variability in clinical phenotypes and survival times, even among patients harboring the same genotype. We identified five patients with CF and a homozygous F508del mutation in the CFTR gene who were in their fifth or sixth decade of life and had shown minimal changes in lung function over a longitudinal period of more than 20 years. Because of the rarity of this long-term nonprogressive phenotype, we hypothesized these individuals may carry rare genetic variants in modifier genes that ameliorate disease severity. Individuals at the extremes of survival time and lung-function trajectory underwent whole-exome sequencing, and the sequencing data were filtered to include rare missense, stopgain, indel, and splicing variants present with a mean allele frequency of <0.2% in general population databases. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) mutants were generated via site-directed mutagenesis and expressed for Xenopus oocyte assays. Four of the five individuals carried extremely rare or never reported variants in the SCNN1D and SCNN1B genes of the ENaC. Separately, an independently enriched rare variant in SCNN1D was identified in the Exome Variant Server database associated with a milder pulmonary disease phenotype. Functional analysis using Xenopus oocytes revealed that two of the three variants in δ-ENaC encoded by SCNN1D exhibited hypomorphic channel activity. Our data suggest a potential role for δ-ENaC in controlling sodium reabsorption in the airways, and advance the plausibility of ENaC as a therapeutic target in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine
- Genetics and Genomics
- Gene Discovery Core, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research
| | | | - Hongmei Lisa Li
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Genetics and Genomics
- Gene Discovery Core, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research
| | | | | | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tin Louie
- Biostatistics and Center for Biomedical Statistics
| | | | - Meghan C. Towne
- Genetics and Genomics
- Gene Discovery Core, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research
| | | | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and
- Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carla F. Kim
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, and
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Pediatrics and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Norma P. Gerard
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas R. Kleyman
- Departments of Medicine
- Cell Biology, and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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23
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Sutton MT, Fletcher D, Episalla N, Auster L, Kaur S, Gwin MC, Folz M, Velasquez D, Roy V, van Heeckeren R, Lennon DP, Caplan AI, Bonfield TL. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Soluble Mediators and Cystic Fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7. [PMID: 29291140 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.1000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) secrete products (supernatants) that are anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. We have previously shown that hMSCs decrease inflammation and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the in vivo murine model of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which pulmonary infection and inflammation becomes the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Our studies focus on determining how MSCs contribute to improved outcomes in the CF mouse model centering on how the MSCs impact the inflammatory response to pathogenic organisms. We hypothesize that MSCs secrete products that are anti-inflammatory in scenarios of chronic pulmonary infections using the murine model of infection and inflammation with a specific interest in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative). Further, our studies will identify whether the MSCs are impacting this inflammatory response through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) which aides in decreasing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan T Sutton
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,National Center of Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights Ohio 44122.,Summer Programs in Undergraduate Research, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - David Fletcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Nicole Episalla
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Lauren Auster
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Sukhmani Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights Ohio 44122
| | - Mary Chandler Gwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,Summer Programs in Undergraduate Research, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Michael Folz
- School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Dante Velasquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,National Center of Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Varun Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Rolf van Heeckeren
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Donald P Lennon
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
| | - Tracey L Bonfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,National Center of Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948.,Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4948
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Kirchner S, Cai Z, Rauscher R, Kastelic N, Anding M, Czech A, Kleizen B, Ostedgaard LS, Braakman I, Sheppard DN, Ignatova Z. Alteration of protein function by a silent polymorphism linked to tRNA abundance. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2000779. [PMID: 28510592 PMCID: PMC5433685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (sSNPs) are considered neutral for protein function, as by definition they exchange only codons, not amino acids. We identified an sSNP that modifies the local translation speed of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leading to detrimental changes to protein stability and function. This sSNP introduces a codon pairing to a low-abundance tRNA that is particularly rare in human bronchial epithelia, but not in other human tissues, suggesting tissue-specific effects of this sSNP. Up-regulation of the tRNA cognate to the mutated codon counteracts the effects of the sSNP and rescues protein conformation and function. Our results highlight the wide-ranging impact of sSNPs, which invert the programmed local speed of mRNA translation and provide direct evidence for the central role of cellular tRNA levels in mediating the actions of sSNPs in a tissue-specific manner. Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (sSNPs) occur at high frequency in the human genome and are associated with ~50 diseases in humans; the responsible molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here, we investigate the impact of the common sSNP, T2562G, on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Although this sSNP, by itself, does not cause cystic fibrosis (CF), it is prevalent in patients with CFTR-related disorders. T2562G sSNP modifies the local translation speed at the Thr854 codon, leading to changes in CFTR stability and channel function. This sSNP introduces a codon pairing to a low-abundance tRNA, which is particularly rare in human bronchial epithelia, but not in other human tissues, suggesting a tissue-specific effect of this sSNP. Enhancement of the cellular concentration of the tRNA cognate to the mutant ACG codon rescues the stability and conduction defects of T2562G-CFTR. These findings reveal an unanticipated mechanism—inverting the programmed local speed of mRNA translation in a tRNA-dependent manner—for sSNP-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kirchner
- Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Rauscher
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Kastelic
- Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Anding
- Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Czech
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bertrand Kleizen
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lynda S. Ostedgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ineke Braakman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David N. Sheppard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ZI); (DNS)
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (ZI); (DNS)
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25
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Lucarelli M. New era of cystic fibrosis: Full mutational analysis and personalized therapy. World J Med Genet 2017; 7:1-9. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its apparently simple genetics, cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rather complex genetic disease. A lot of variability in the steps of the path from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene to the clinical manifestations originates an uncertain genotype - phenotype relationship. A major determinant of this uncertainty is the incomplete knowledge of the CFTR mutated genotypes, due to the high number of CFTR mutations and to the higher number of their combinations in trans and in cis. Also the very limited knowledge of functional effects of CFTR mutated alleles severely impairs our diagnostic and prognostic ability. The final phenotypic modulation exerted by CFTR modifier genes and interactome further complicates the framework. The next generation sequencing approach is a rapid, low-cost and high-throughput tool that allows a near complete structural characterization of CFTR mutated genotypes, as well as of genotypes of several other genes cooperating to the final CF clinical manifestations. This powerful method perfectly complements the new personalized therapeutic approach for CF. Drugs active on specific CFTR mutational classes are already available for CF patients or are in phase 3 trials. A complete genetic characterization has been becoming crucial for a correct personalized therapy. However, the need of a functional classification of each CFTR mutation potently arises. Future big efforts towards an ever more detailed knowledge of both structural and functional CFTR defects, coupled to parallel personalized therapeutic interventions decisive for CF cure can be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
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26
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Izzo V, Pietrocola F, Sica V, Durand S, Lachkar S, Enot D, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Chery A, Esposito S, Raia V, Maiuri L, Maiuri MC, Kroemer G. Metabolic interactions between cysteamine and epigallocatechin gallate. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:271-279. [PMID: 28059601 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1249550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase II clinical trials indicate that the combination of cysteamine plus epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is effective against cystic fibrosis in patients bearing the most frequent etiological mutation (CFTRΔF508). Here, we investigated the interaction between both agents on cultured respiratory epithelia cells from normal and CFTRΔF508-mutated donors. We observed that the combination of both agents affected metabolic circuits (and in particular the tricarboxylic acid cycle) in a unique way and that cysteamine plus EGCG reduced cytoplasmic protein acetylation more than each of the 2 components alone. In a cell-free system, protein cross-linking activity of EGCG was suppressed by cysteamine. Finally, EGCG was able to enhance the conversion of cysteamine into taurine in metabolic flux experiments. Altogether, these results indicate that multiple pharmacological interactions occur between cysteamine and EGCG, suggesting that they contribute to the unique synergy of both agents in restoring the function of mutated CFTRΔF508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Izzo
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Valentina Sica
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France.,e Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Médecine , Kremlin Bicêtre , France
| | - Sylvère Durand
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Sylvie Lachkar
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - David Enot
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Alexis Chery
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Speranza Esposito
- f European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- g Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- f European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.,h SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences , University of Piemonte Orientale , Novara , Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , INSERM U 1138, Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France.,i Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP , Paris , France.,j Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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27
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Mohseni M, Razzaghmanesh M, Mehr EP, Zare H, Beheshtian M, Najmabadi H. Novel CFTR Mutations in Two Iranian Families with Severe Cystic Fibrosis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 20:201-6. [PMID: 27017198 PMCID: PMC4983674 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disorder that affects many body systems and is produced by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CF is also the most frequently inherited disorder in the West. The aim of this study was to detect the mutations in the CFTR gene in two Iranian families with CF. METHODS After DNA extraction using the salting out method, a mutation panel consisting of 35 common mutations was tested by PCR, followed by reverse hybridization Strip Assay. To confirm the mutations, we have also performed Sanger sequencing for all 27 exons, intronic flanking regions, and 5' and 3' UTRs of the CFTR gene. RESULTS Carrier testing in a spouse revealed a novel nonsense mutation in the CFTR gene (c.2777 T>A (p.L926X)) in exon 17 for husband and a previously described heterozygous splice site pathogenic mutation (c.1393-1G>A) in his wife. The other novel compound heterozygous missense mutation (c.3119 T>A (p.L1040H)), which was previously reported as nonsense c.3484C>T (p.R1162X) mutation, was found in exon 19 in patient screening. CONCLUSION Two novel CFTR mutations in exons 17 and 19 are responsible for CF with severe phenotypes in two Iranian families. These two mutations supplement the mutation spectrum of CFTR and may contribute to a better understanding of CFTR protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mohseni
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elham Parsi Mehr
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Zare
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is genetic autosomal recessive disease caused by reduced or absent function of CFTR protein. Treatments for patients with CF have primarily focused on the downstream end-organ consequences of defective CFTR. Since the discovery of the CFTR gene that causes CF in 1989 there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of CF. This has recently led to the development of new CFTR mutation-specific targeted therapies for select patients with CF. This review will discuss the characteristics of the CFTR gene, the CFTR mutations that cause CF and the new mutation specific pharmacological treatments including gene therapy that are contributing to the dawning of a new era in cystic fibrosis care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Carter
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Edward F McKone
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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29
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Bonfield TL. Macrophage Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis: A Therapeutic Target to Enhance Self-Immunity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 192:1406-7. [PMID: 26669468 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201509-1811ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Bonfield
- 1 Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio
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30
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Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning Facilitates Early Identification of Neonatal Cystic Fibrosis Piglets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143459. [PMID: 26600426 PMCID: PMC4658176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalent autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population. A cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator knockout (CFTR-/-) pig that displays most of the features of the human CF disease has been recently developed. However, CFTR-/- pigs presents a 100% prevalence of meconium ileus that leads to death in the first hours after birth, requiring a rapid diagnosis and surgical intervention to relieve intestinal obstruction. Identification of CFTR-/- piglets is usually performed by PCR genotyping, a procedure that lasts between 4 to 6 h. Here, we aimed to develop a procedure for rapid identification of CFTR-/- piglets that will allow placing them under intensive care soon after birth and immediately proceeding with the surgical correction. Methods and Principal Findings Male and female CFTR+/- pigs were crossed and the progeny was examined by computed tomography (CT) scan to detect the presence of meconium ileus and facilitate a rapid post-natal surgical intervention. Genotype was confirmed by PCR. CT scan presented a 94.4% sensitivity to diagnose CFTR-/- piglets. Diagnosis by CT scan reduced the birth-to-surgery time from a minimum of 10 h down to a minimum of 2.5 h and increased the survival of CFTR-/- piglets to a maximum of 13 days post-surgery as opposed to just 66 h after later surgery. Conclusion CT scan imaging of meconium ileus is an accurate method for rapid identification of CFTR-/- piglets. Early CT detection of meconium ileus may help to extend the lifespan of CFTR-/- piglets and, thus, improve experimental research on CF, still an incurable disease.
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting inherited illness of whites. Most of the morbidity and mortality in CF stems from impaired mucociliary clearance leading to chronic, progressive airways obstruction and damage. Significant progress has been made in the care of patients with CF, with advances focused on improving mucociliary clearance, minimizing inflammatory damage, and managing infections; these advances include new antimicrobial therapies, mucolytic and osmotic agents, and antiinflammatory treatments. More recently, researchers have targeted disease-causing mutations using therapies to promote gene transcription and improve channel function, which has led to impressive physiologic changes in some patients. As we develop more advanced, allele-directed therapies for the management of CF, it will become increasingly important to understand the specific genetic and environmental interactions that cause the significant heterogeneity of lung disease seen in the CF population. This understanding of CF endotypes will allow for more targeted, personalized therapies for future patients. This article reviews the genetic and molecular basis of CF lung disease, the treatments currently available, and novel therapies that are in development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas W Ferkol
- Department of Pediatrics; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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32
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Lucarelli M, Bruno SM, Pierandrei S, Ferraguti G, Stamato A, Narzi F, Amato A, Cimino G, Bertasi S, Quattrucci S, Strom R. A Genotypic-Oriented View of CFTR Genetics Highlights Specific Mutational Patterns Underlying Clinical Macrocategories of Cystic Fibrosis. Mol Med 2015; 21:257-75. [PMID: 25910067 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The genotype-phenotype relationship in this disease is still unclear, and diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic challenges persist. We enrolled 610 patients with different forms of CF and studied them from a clinical, biochemical, microbiological and genetic point of view. Overall, there were 125 different mutated alleles (11 with novel mutations and 10 with complex mutations) and 225 genotypes. A strong correlation between mutational patterns at the genotypic level and phenotypic macrocategories emerged. This specificity appears to largely depend on rare and individual mutations, as well as on the varying prevalence of common alleles in different clinical macrocategories. However, 19 genotypes appeared to underlie different clinical forms of the disease. The dissection of the pathway from the CFTR mutated genotype to the clinical phenotype allowed to identify at least two components of the variability usually found in the genotype-phenotype relationship. One component seems to depend on the genetic variation of CFTR, the other component on the cumulative effect of variations in other genes and cellular pathways independent from CFTR. The experimental dissection of the overall biological CFTR pathway appears to be a powerful approach for a better comprehension of the genotype-phenotype relationship. However, a change from an allele-oriented to a genotypic-oriented view of CFTR genetics is mandatory, as well as a better assessment of sources of variability within the CFTR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Maria Bruno
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pierandrei
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Stamato
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center of Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Narzi
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center of Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Amato
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center of Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cimino
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center of Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Serenella Bertasi
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center of Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Quattrucci
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center of Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Strom
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
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She T, Zhao C, Feng J, Wang L, Qu L, Fang K, Cai S, Shou C. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) extract inhibits migration and invasion of cancer cells by suppressing TGF-β1 pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118287. [PMID: 25742000 PMCID: PMC4351248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarsaparilla, also known as Smilax Glabra Rhizome (SGR), was shown to modulate immunity, protect against liver injury, lower blood glucose and suppress cancer. However, its effects on cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion were unclear. In the present study, we found that the supernatant of water-soluble extract from SGR (SW) could promote adhesion, inhibit migration and invasion of HepG2, MDA-MB-231 and T24 cells in vitro, as well as suppress metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. Results of F-actin and vinculin dual staining showed the enhanced focal adhesion in SW-treated cells. Microarray analysis indicated a repression of TGF-β1 signaling by SW treatment, which was verified by real-time RT-PCR of TGF-β1-related genes and immunoblotting of TGFBR1 protein. SW was also shown to antagonize TGF-β1-promoted cell migration. Collectively, our study revealed a new antitumor function of Sarsaparilla in counteracting invasiveness of a subset of cancer cells by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian She
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Junnan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Marson FADL, Hortencio TDR, Aguiar KCA, Ribeiro JD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of cystic fibrosis during the last two decades: a comparative analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:3. [PMID: 25592785 PMCID: PMC4417211 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-15-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have tended to experience a longer life expectancy and higher quality of life. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory markers of patients with CF during the last two decades at a CF referral center. METHODS A retrospective study of the demographic, clinical, and laboratory markers for CF treatment at a CF referral center was performed during two decades: 2000 (DI, 1990-2000, n = 104 patients) and 2010 (DII, 2000-2010, n = 181 patients). RESULTS The following variables were less common in DI than in DII: (i) pancreatic insufficiency, (ii) meconium ileus, (iii) diabetes mellitus, (iv) Burkholderia cepacia colonization, (v) moderate and severe Shwachman-Kulczycki score (SKS), (vi) F508del mutation screening, (vii) patients without an identified CFTR mutation (class IV, V, or VI mutation), (viii) patients above the 10th percentile for weight and height, (ix) restrictive lung disease, and (x) older patients (p < 0.01). The following variables were more common in DI than in DII: (i) excellent and good SKS, (ii) F508del heterozygous status, (iii) colonization by mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (iv) obstructive lung disease, and (v) minimal time for CF diagnosis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Clinical outcomes differed between the two decades. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory markers in patients with CF are useful tools and should be encouraged in CF referral centers to determine the results of CF management and treatment, enabling a better understanding of this disease and its clinical evolution. Early diagnosis and management of CF will improve patients' quality of life and life expectancy until personalized drug therapy is possible for all patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson
- Departments of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Brazil. .,Departments of Medical Genetics, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Tais Daiene Russo Hortencio
- Departments of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - Jose Dirceu Ribeiro
- Departments of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Brazil.
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Nasal potential difference in cystic fibrosis considering severe CFTR mutations. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:306825. [PMID: 25667564 PMCID: PMC4312569 DOI: 10.1155/2015/306825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) is a sweat chloride value above 60 mEq/L. However, this historical and important tool has limitations; other techniques should be studied, including the nasal potential difference (NPD) test. CFTR gene sequencing can identify CFTR mutations, but this method is time-consuming and too expensive to be used in all CF centers. The present study compared CF patients with two classes I-III CFTR mutations (10 patients) (G1), CF patients with classes IV-VI CFTR mutations (five patients) (G2), and 21 healthy subjects (G3). The CF patients and healthy subjects also underwent the NPD test. A statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, χ2, and Fisher's exact tests, α = 0.05. No differences were observed between the CF patients and healthy controls for the PDMax, Δamiloride, and Δchloride + free + amiloride markers from the NPD test. For the finger value, a difference between G2 and G3 was described. The Wilschanski index values were different between G1 and G3. In conclusion, our data showed that NPD is useful for CF diagnosis when classes I-III CFTR mutations are screened. However, if classes IV-VI are considered, the NPD test showed an overlap in values with healthy subjects.
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Cystic fibrosis: NHLBI Workshop on the Primary Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 11 Suppl 3:S161-8. [PMID: 24754825 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201312-444ld] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting, monogenic disorder characterized by chronic sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal involvement. Progressive pulmonary disease leads to death in the majority of patients. Despite its well-defined molecular basis related to defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator anion transport channel, there are large gaps in our understanding of the origin of CF lung disease. Disease has been shown to be present in infancy, and there is mounting evidence that abnormalities begin in utero. Heterogeneity of clinical presentations and severity suggest that many factors involved in lung disease have yet to be fully elucidated. Although new advances in therapeutic treatments have shown promise in delaying disease progression, the prevention of pulmonary disease at its origin (primary prevention) should be a key goal of CF care. The objective of this workshop was to (1) review our understanding of the origins of CF lung disease, (2) determine gaps in the knowledge base that are most significant and most likely to enable prevention of CF lung disease, and (3) prioritize new research questions that will promote pulmonary health in both CF and other childhood lung diseases. The goal of this report is to provide recommendations for future research that will improve our understanding of pulmonary development in health and disease, improve outcome measures and biomarkers for early lung disease, and determine therapeutic targets and strategies to prevent the development of lung disease in children with CF.
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Abstract
The availability of the human genome sequence and tools for interrogating individual genomes provide an unprecedented opportunity to apply genetics to medicine. Mendelian conditions, which are caused by dysfunction of a single gene, offer powerful examples that illustrate how genetics can provide insights into disease. Cystic fibrosis, one of the more common lethal autosomal recessive Mendelian disorders, is presented here as an example. Recent progress in elucidating disease mechanism and causes of phenotypic variation, as well as in the development of treatments, demonstrates that genetics continues to play an important part in cystic fibrosis research 25 years after the discovery of the disease-causing gene.
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VanWort TA, Lee JA, Karvir H, Whitehouse MC, Beim PY, Copperman AB. Female cystic fibrosis mutation carriers and assisted reproductive technology: does carrier status affect reproductive outcomes? Fertil Steril 2014; 102:1324-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wei W, Smith N, Wu X, Kim H, Seravalli J, Khalimonchuk O, Lee J. YCF1-mediated cadmium resistance in yeast is dependent on copper metabolism and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1475-89. [PMID: 24444374 PMCID: PMC4158973 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acquisition and detoxification of metal ions are vital biological processes. Given the requirement of metallochaperones in cellular copper distribution and metallation of cuproproteins, this study investigates whether the metallochaperones also deliver metal ions for transporters functioning in metal detoxification. RESULTS Resistance to excess cadmium and copper of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is conferred by PCA1 and CaCRP1 metal efflux P-type ATPases, respectively, does not rely on known metallochaperones, Atx1p, Ccs1p, and Cox17p. Copper deficiency induced by the expression of CaCRP1 encoding a copper exporter occurs in the absence of Atx1p. Intriguingly, CCS1 encoding the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1p) is necessary for cadmium resistance that is mediated by Ycf1p, a vacuolar cadmium sequestration transporter. This is attributed to Ccs1p's role in the maturation of Sod1p rather than its direct interaction with Ycf1p for cadmium transfer. Functional defect in Ycf1p associated with the absence of Sod1p as well as another antioxidant enzyme Glr1p is rescued by anaerobic growth or substitutions of specific cysteine residues of Ycf1p to alanine or serine. This further supports oxidative inactivation of Ycf1p in the absence of Ccs1p, Sod1p, or Glr1p. INNOVATION These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of metal metabolism, interaction among metal ions, and the roles for antioxidant systems in metal detoxification. CONCLUSION Copper metabolism and antioxidant enzymes maintain the function of Ycf1p for cadmium defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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Coutinho CADAC, Marson FADL, Ribeiro AF, Ribeiro JD, Bertuzzo CS. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations at a referral center for cystic fibrosis. J Bras Pneumol 2014; 39:555-61. [PMID: 24310628 PMCID: PMC4075877 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132013000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of six mutations (F508del, G542X, G551D, R553X, R1162X, and N1303K) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosed, at a referral center, on the basis of abnormal results in two determinations of sweat sodium and chloride concentrations. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 70 patients with CF. The mean age of the patients was 12.38 ± 9.00 years, 51.43% were female, and 94.29% were White. Mutation screening was performed with polymerase chain reaction (for F508del), followed by enzymatic digestion (for other mutations). Clinical analysis was performed on the basis of gender, age, ethnicity, pulmonary/gastrointestinal symptoms, and Shwachman-Kulczycki (SK) score. RESULTS All of the patients showed pulmonary symptoms, and 8 had no gastrointestinal symptoms. On the basis of the SK scores, CF was determined to be mild, moderate, and severe in 22 (42.3%), 17 (32.7%), and 13 (25.0%) of the patients, respectively. There was no association between F508del mutation and disease severity by SK score. Of the 140 alleles analyzed, F508del mutation was identified in 70 (50%). Other mutations (G542X, G551D, R553X, R1162X, and N1303K) were identified in 12 (7.93%) of the alleles studied. In F508del homozygous patients with severe disease, the OR was 0.124 (95% CI: 0.005-0.826). CONCLUSIONS In 50% of the alleles studied, the molecular diagnosis of CF was confirmed by identifying a single mutation (F508del). If we consider the analysis of the six most common mutations in the Brazilian population (including F508del), the molecular diagnosis was confirmed in 58.57% of the alleles studied.
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Effect of the F508del genotype on outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in children with cystic fibrosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:1133-7. [PMID: 24791677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous authors have sought to describe genotype-phenotype correlations in cystic fibrosis (CF), notably to pancreatic insufficiency and lung disease. However, few studies have focused on the association between the F508del genotype and response to sinus surgery. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of the F508del genotype on sinonasal disease severity and outcomes following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in a pediatric population. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 153 children with CF seen at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from 1995 to 2008 was performed. Patients were classified into one of three groups according to F508del genotype, either as homozygous, heterozygous or not carrying a F508del mutation. The sinonasal disease phenotype of the three groups was compared based on clinical and radiological findings, extent of endoscopic sinus surgery and rate of revision surgery. RESULTS The relationship between the F508del genotype and pancreatic insufficiency was confirmed (p<0.05). There was no association between the F508del genotype and increased need for FESS (p=0.75). Moreover, no association was established between F508del homozygosity and presence of nasal polyps, Lund-Mackay score, extent of surgery or length of postoperative hospitalization. The rates of revision surgery did not differ significantly among the three genotypes analyzed (p=0.59). CONCLUSION There is no clear association between the F508del genotype and an increased need for FESS, extent of surgery, or revision surgery. Given the phenotypic variability of sinonasal disease in patients with CF, a prospective study is needed to better understand outcomes following FESS and the contribution of gene modifiers to this effect.
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Coutinho CAAC, Marson FAL, Marcelino ARB, Bonadia LC, Carlin MP, Ribeiro AF, Ribeiro JD, Bertuzzo CS. TNF-alpha polymorphisms as a potential modifier gene in the cystic fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2014; 5:87-99. [PMID: 24959313 PMCID: PMC4065397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Modifier genes, as the TNF-α gene, can modulate the cystic fibrosis (CF) severity. Thus, -238G>A and -308G>A polymorphisms of TNF-α gene were analyzed as modifiers of CF. In this context, the present study enrolled 49 CF patients (diagnosis performed by sweat test and complete CFTR screening). The -238G>A polymorphism analysis was performed by ARMS-PCR, and -308G>A, by PCR-RFLP. In our data, the -238G>A polymorphism was not associated with clinical variability. The AA genotype for -308G>A polymorphism was a risk factor for early gastrointestinal symptoms (OR=5.98, 95%CI=1.06-49.68) and protection for the first Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR=0.05, 95%CI=0.0003-0.007). For the first P. aeruginosa, GA genotype was a risk factor (OR=10.2, 95%CI=1.86-84.09); for the same genotype, the diagnosis was made in minor time than the AA genotype (p=0.031). Considering the -308G>A polymorphism alleles, the G allele was a risk factor for early pulmonary symptoms (OR=3.81, 95%CI=1.13-12.97) and P. aeruginosa (OR=66.77, 95%CI=15.18-482.7); however, the same allele showed better transcutaneous oxygen saturation (OR=9.24, 95%CI=1.53-206.1). The A allele was a protective factor for early pulmonary symptoms (OR=12.26, 95%CI=0.08-0.89) and P. aeruginosa (OR=12.15, 95%CI=0002-0007), however, the same allele was a risk factor for worst transcutaneous oxygen saturation (OR=7.01, 95%CI=1.14-157.4). As conclusion, the -308G>A polymorphism of the TNF-α gene was associated with the CF severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia AAC Coutinho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando AL Marson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline RB Marcelino
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Bonadia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Carlin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio F Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose D Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen S Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas13081-970, P.O. Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Marson FADL, Bertuzzo CS, Ribeiro MÂGDO, Ribeiro AF, Ribeiro JD. Screening for F508del as a first step in the molecular diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. J Bras Pneumol 2014; 39:306-16. [PMID: 23857699 PMCID: PMC4075852 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132013000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relevance of screening for the F508del mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene as a first step in the genetic diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) by associating the genotype with various clinical variables. METHODS: We evaluated 180 CF patients regarding the F508del mutation. The clinical data were obtained from the medical records of the patients and from interviews with their parents or legal guardians. RESULTS: Of the 180 patients studied, 65 (36.1%) did not carry the F508del mutation (group 0 [G0]), 67 (37.2%) were F508del heterozygous (G1), and 48 (26.7%) were F508del homozygous (G2). All three groups showed associations with the clinical variables. Homozygosis was associated with younger patients, younger age at CF diagnosis, and younger age at the first isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), as well as with higher prevalence of pancreatic insufficiency (PI) and non-mucoid PA (NMPA) colonization. In comparison with G1+G2 patients, G0 patients were older; first experienced clinical symptoms, digestive disease, and pulmonary disease at an older age; were older at CF diagnosis and at first PA isolation; and had a lower prevalence of PI and meconium ileus, as well as of colonization by NMPA, mucoid PA, and Burkholderia cepacia. In G1 patients, values were intermediate for age at CF diagnosis; age at first PA isolation, first pulmonary symptoms, and first clinical manifestations; MPA colonization; and OR for PI. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of F508del in 63.9% of the patients studied showed that this can be a useful tool as a first step in the genetic diagnosis of CF. The F508del genotype was associated with clinical severity of the disease, especially with the variables related to CF onset.
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Biological variability in biomechanical engineering research: Significance and meta-analysis of current modeling practices. J Biomech 2014; 47:1241-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Marson FADL, Bertuzzo CS, Ribeiro AF, Ribeiro JD. Polymorphisms in the glutathione pathway modulate cystic fibrosis severity: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:27. [PMID: 24593045 PMCID: PMC3973994 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) clinically manifests with various levels of severity, which are thought to be modulated by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), modifier genes, and the environment. This study verified whether polymorphisms in modifier genes associated with glutathione (GSH) metabolism influence CF severity. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 180 CF patients was carried out from 2011 to 2012. We analyzed CFTR mutations, polymorphisms (GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions, GSTP1 + 313A > G, GCLC-129C > T, and GCLC-3506A > G) in modifier genes and CF clinical severity as assessed by 28 clinical and laboratory variables. RESULTS Significant associations were found between modifier gene polymorphisms and particular phenotypes or genotype changes. These included GCLC-129C > T with a higher frequency of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid to CC genotype (p = 0.044), and GCLC-3506A > G with a higher frequency of the no-mucoid P. aeruginosa (NMPA) to AA genotype (p = 0.012). The GSTT1 deletion was associated with a higher frequency of the NMPA to homozygous deletion (p = 0.008), GSTP1 + 313A > G with a minor risk of osteoporosis (p = 0.036), and patient age ≤ 154 months (p = 0.044) with the AA genotype. The Bhalla score was associated with GCLC-3506A > G (p = 0.044) and GSTM1/GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms (p = 0.02), while transcutaneous hemoglobin oxygen saturation levels were associated with GSTT1 deletions (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION CF severity is associated with polymorphisms in GSH pathways and CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Fernando Ribeiro
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Dirceu Ribeiro
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fu W, O'Connor TD, Akey JM. Genetic architecture of quantitative traits and complex diseases. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 23:678-83. [PMID: 24287334 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
More than 150 years after Mendel discovered the laws of heredity, the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation remains elusive. Here, we discuss recent progress in deciphering how genotypes map onto phenotypes, sources of genetic complexity, and how model organisms are illuminating general principles about the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation. Moreover, we highlight insights gleaned from large-scale sequencing studies in humans, and how this knowledge informs outstanding questions about the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and complex diseases. Finally, we articulate how the confluence of technologies enabling whole-genome sequencing, comprehensive phenotyping, and high-throughput functional assays of polymorphisms will facilitate a more principled and mechanistic understanding of the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Fu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
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de Lima Marson FA, Bertuzzo CS, Secolin R, Ribeiro AF, Ribeiro JD. Genetic interaction of GSH metabolic pathway genes in cystic fibrosis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:60. [PMID: 23758905 PMCID: PMC3685592 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by CFTR gene mutations, with clinical expression similar to complex disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Among the possible modifier genes, those associated to metabolic pathways of glutathione (GSH) have been considered as potential modulators of CF clinical severity. In this way it is of pivotal importance investigate gene polymorphisms at Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase, Catalytic Subunit (GCLC), Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), Glutathione S-transferase Theta 1 (GSTT1), and Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), which have been associated to the GSH metabolic pathway and CF clinical severity. Method A total of 180 CF’s patients were included in this study, which investigated polymorphisms in GCLC and GST genes (GCLC -129C>T and -3506A>G; GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes deletion, and GSTP1*+313A>G) by PCR and PCR-RFLP associating to clinical variables of CF severity, including variables of sex, clinical scores [Shwachman-Kulczycki, Kanga e Bhalla (BS)], body mass index, patient age, age for diagnosis, first clinical symptoms, first colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sputum’s microorganisms, hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the blood, spirometry and comorbidities. The CFTR genotype was investigated in all patients, and the genetic interaction was performed using MDR2.0 and MDRPT0.4.7 software. Results The analysis of multiple genes in metabolic pathways in diseases with variable clinical expression, as CF disease, enables understanding of phenotypic diversity. Our data show evidence of interaction between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes deletion, and GSTP1*+313A>G polymorphism with CFTR gene mutation classes, and BS (Balance testing accuracy= 0.6824, p= 0.008), which measures the commitment of bronchopulmonary segments by tomography. Conclusion Polymorphisms in genes associated with metabolism of GSH act on the CF’s severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-Unicamp, 13081-970, PO Box: 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Cost of cystic fibrosis: analysis of treatment costs in a specialized center in northern Italy. Adv Ther 2013; 30:165-75. [PMID: 23397400 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-013-0008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy have resulted in improved survival and increasing treatment burden and costs. The economic impact of current treatment strategies for CF is poorly defined. METHODS The authors prospectively assessed direct medical costs (including hospitalizations, outpatient interventions, drugs, devices, dietetic products) in 165 consecutive CF patients (aged 5-39 years) seen between March and July 2009. RESULTS The mean annual cost/patient increased with age and lung disease severity from yy4,164 in children aged ≤5 years to yy30,123 in patients aged >5 years with severe lung disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] <40% of predicted). The increase in costs involved all items, with a progressive increase in cost attributed to hospitalizations. CONCLUSION Treatment of CF is associated with relevant cost for the Italian National Healthcare Service. Costs of illness tend to increase progressively with age, suggesting that increasing economic resources should be allocated to the treatment of CF, given the increasing number of patients surviving into adulthood.
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Schiffhauer ES, Vij N, Kovbasnjuk O, Kang PW, Walker D, Lee S, Zeitlin PL. Dual activation of CFTR and CLCN2 by lubiprostone in murine nasal epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L324-31. [PMID: 23316067 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00277.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sodium and chloride channels on the apical surface of nasal epithelial cells contribute to periciliary fluid homeostasis, a function that is disrupted in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Among these channels is the chloride channel CLCN2, which has been studied as a potential alternative chloride efflux pathway in the absence of CFTR. The object of the present study was to use the nasal potential difference test (NPD) to quantify CLCN2 function in an epithelial-directed TetOn CLCN2 transgenic mouse model (TGN-K18rtTA-hCLCN2) by using the putative CLCN2 pharmacological agonist lubiprostone and peptide inhibitor GaTx2. Lubiprostone significantly increased chloride transport in the CLCN2-overexpressing mice following activation of the transgene by doxycycline. This response to lubiprostone was significantly inhibited by GaTx2 after CLCN2 activation in TGN-CLCN2 mice. Cftr(-/-) and Clc2(-/-) mice showed hyperpolarization indicative of chloride efflux in response to lubiprostone, which was fully inhibited by GaTx2 and CFTR inhibitor 172 + GlyH-101, respectively. Our study reveals lubiprostone as a pharmacological activator of both CFTR and CLCN2. Overexpression and activation of CLCN2 leads to improved mouse NPD readings, suggesting it is available as an alternative pathway for epithelial chloride secretion in murine airways. The utilization of CLCN2 as an alternative chloride efflux channel could provide clinical benefit to patients with CF, especially if the pharmacological activator is administered as an aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Schiffhauer
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Eiserich JP, Yang J, Morrissey BM, Hammock BD, Cross CE. Omics approaches in cystic fibrosis research: a focus on oxylipin profiling in airway secretions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1259:1-9. [PMID: 22758630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, intense respiratory tract (RT) infection, and inflammation, eventually resulting in lung tissue destruction and respiratory failure. The CF RT inflammatory milieu, as reflected by airway secretions, includes a complex array of inflammatory mediators, bacterial products, and host secretions. It is dominated by neutrophils and their proteolytic and oxidative products and includes a wide spectrum of bioactive lipids produced by both host and presumably microbial metabolic pathways. The fairly recent advent of "omics" technologies has greatly increased capabilities of further interrogating this easily obtainable RT compartment that represents the apical culture media of the underlying RT epithelial cells. This paper discusses issues related to the study of CF omics with a focus on the profiling of CF RT oxylipins. Challenges in their identification/quantitation in RT fluids, their pathways of origin, and their potential utility for understanding CF RT inflammatory and oxidative processes are highlighted. Finally, the utility of oxylipin metabolic profiling in directing optimal therapeutic approaches and determining the efficacy of various interventions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Eiserich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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